英文演讲稿大全

英文演讲稿大全（6篇）

1.英文演讲稿大全 篇一

南京工业大学 经济管理学院

英文翻译稿（附原文）

专业：工商管理班级学号： 学生姓名：周云峰成绩：指导教师：

2012年6月

市场调查 市场研究是一种前馈控制技术。它包括收集和分析地理位置，人口，和心理方面的数据。分析有助于规划者决定当前和潜在客户的需求，并通过规划设计产品和服务来满足这些需求。市场研究人员从不同的公共和私人中收集资料。这些资料的来源包括出版材料，个人和电话采访，直接邮寄问卷调查，和重点小组。

大平原软件法戈，北达科他，运行着五十个重点群体。公司的市场开发人员参观了这些重点群体，经常每月都讨论目前和未来每天使用本公司软件的客户的市场需求。结合深入的用户电话采访，客户满意度调查，焦点小组和供应商的反馈，输入允许大平原软件添加数以百计的新功能到会计软件包。

市场研究后得出了被学术界，政府，和商业界的专业人士开发的数据。人口数据是指人们的收入，年龄，性别，职业，婚姻状况，或教育水平。地理数据描述人们居住的地区，社区，或住房类型。心理的数据与文化渊源，宗教信仰，政治哲学，与个人利益有关。研究人员研究不同群体的需要和欲望、购买习惯和动机。拥有现有的和潜在的客户的这些信息，就允许管理员针对个人和团体定制产品，广告，销售，配送系统。

市场研究产生了许多创新产品和相似的离散目标市场。富有想象力的研究引导着宠物食品公司来研发狗和猫的食物，以吸引不同年龄的宠物主人。福特曾经只提“任何颜色，只要它是黑色的，”这种单一的标准模式，市场研究产生了令人眼花缭乱的vehicles-from劳斯莱斯豪华轿车和敞篷车，小型货车，都与一系列的选择相关。

总部位于美国威斯康星州的酿造公司，属于菲利普旗下，在1977年引进Miller Lite,震惊了对手,酿造设计捕获“年轻的成年人和……看重他们的卡路里的人”。该产品，它的市场份额迅速增加，源于缜密的市场调研，来发现未满足的需求。而不是一个国家的广告系列推出新的啤酒，”磨坊主发动了数次，每一个针对不同的细分市场：二十多岁的人，黑人，西班牙裔，运动员，苦工”。在前安海斯经理，约翰麦克多诺的领导下，公司继续作为一个创新者，在1994年引入“16个新品牌”。

市场测试

假设一个新的产品或服务已经被构思出来和原型开发了。规划者可以决定市场测试这种新item-that，将其引入一个有限的市场并进行一个小规模的评估验收。麦当劳就是在有限的基础上通过细致的市场测试推出了新菜单。首先，选择国家，城市和城镇。其次，广告，店内展示推广新产品。然后，询问尝试新产品的客户的意见。3M公司开始内部测试的便签。计划开始于分配定制包的产品或分发到经理的办公室。首席执行官也送样便利贴其他500强公司的首席执行官。很快，需求超过了3M公司的供应能力，营销调研接管了市场。

广泛测试营销的一个缺点是它可以使公司的竞争对手得到很大的便利。一个小版本的做法已经在高度竞争性的行业的公司里流行。这些公司包括小团体的用户或潜在用户，限制他们的抽样方案。在受控环境中与用户密切合作，市场营销和生产人民评估市场的新

产品和在用户反馈的基础上作出决定，然而效果有限。摩托罗拉和索尼，松下的经理，赞成这种方法。本田经理认为公司的经销商和客户是最可靠的市场消息来源。

无论使用哪个测试营销方法，规划者通过分析测试结果来决定是否修改新产品或服务都是需要的。测试营销面临在介绍新的东西，并增加新的项目受到限制的风险。

销售比率

在由负责盈利能力的财务责任中心的指导下，市场管理者必须跟踪和控制成本。根据监控销售能力和审查收入报表，营销管理人员要定期计算各种比率来持续监控操作和确定改进的需要。其中经常使用的措施，包括收益率销售费用，销售毛利润，电话销售订单的生成和每一个订单的盈利能力，和销售价格变化。营销管理人员也要计算呆账率，整个组织及其个别产品线的销售数量和生产能力。此外，市场份额和订单周转时间也是常见的措施。

在许多行业，市场总份额以成功的标准为排名依据。市场份额的性能往往能带动营销经理的决策。法国的汤姆森电子公司就是由市场份额带动的，而且他们已决定扩大其在美国市场的市场份额。通用电气和莲花，汤姆森占领着美国的电视机市场。这些品牌目前持有占据着约百分之20的彩色电视市场。克莱顿，汤姆森的首席营销官，致力于屏幕至少三十英寸的宽屏电视机。

日本公司的目标是成为市场的主流，有时不惜以获得很少或没有利润为代价。这一战略导致了在国外销售市场以低于成本或低于该国家的公平市场价值的价格的倾销。美国的三大汽车市场往往负责其日本对手倾销问题和全球贸易谈判代表在关税谈判中的谈判。注重市场总份额已经在消费电子产品方面得以体现，在这一领域的大型日本公司已经完全消除美国制造。在电脑游戏市场，任天堂遵循这一战略。其贸易做法是有效地阻止大零售商储存竞争对手的游戏。一个储存竞争对手的产品的零售商可能发现他很难再获得任天堂游戏。对任天堂产品降价的零售商会发现自己被剥夺了作为授权门市部的地位。销售配额

在许多组织中每个销售人员需要通过在某一特定时间内的销售额来决定他们的工资。很多销售人员以commission-only为工作基础，按提成拿工资，如固定的百分比价值的商品或服务的销售。如果销售员没有销售业绩，他们将没有报酬。

佣金和配额激发销售人员达到或超过特定数量的目标，但他们也可以导致滥用。过于积极的销售人员会骚扰客户或销售他们不能或不想的东西。但是，管理者通常支持配额。配额确保专业人员尽力和满足渴望成功和进步者的野心。

贮藏

库存对一个公司的成功起着至关重要的作用。你不能卖你没有的东西，你不能生产没有组件的产品。但是，库存的费用是昂贵的，如图17.8所示。库存的费用是不能产生价值的。零售商和制造商必须跟踪库存，确保它们超过需求量。他们必须减少或者消除一

些滞销物品。零售商应当学会迅速将最好的领域用于存储利润最大的产品。通过跟踪库存水平，管理者可以确定正常的使用率，保持最低水平，并建立有效的再订货点。

今天，大型零售商和制造商努力保持尽可能小的库存。现在许多人依靠零库存控制，他们要求他们的供应商提供的库存只是在时间上满足生产或销售需求。沃尔玛，凯马特和电脑连接，希尔斯通过让他们的供应商，跟踪销售他们的项目，和船项目来防止超出需求。在生产车间，生产系统材料来自运营商或计算机化库存控制过程。

人力资源控制

人力资源管理者采用不同的控制技术。其中最常用的是统计分析，人力资产评估，培训与发展，绩效评估，态度调查，和管理审计。每个都是为了提供关于个人和团队的工作效率，质量，数量的信息。

统计分析

公司需要遵守机会平等准则收集和存储工作团队的数据，员工离职率和缺勤率，和有效性的招聘和薪酬绩效。公司需要管理和个人效能，工作满意度和动机，和员工的技能，训练水平，评价，正式的教育，和工作经验这些数据。这些信息有助于招聘，推广，和其他就业的决定。尽管在所有这些类别里数据是重要的，但这一部分将侧重于标准的措施：人员更换率和旷工。

人员更换率。一些员工在某一特定时期离开组织被称为员工离职。attrition-retirement，辞职，疾病，和死亡会导致员工的更换。有些人员变动是季节性的，比如农场雇佣劳动者来收获庄稼，许多店员只被雇佣来应对假日购物狂潮。一些人员更换是由于经济条件和竞争对手的行动减少了公司的销售额和公司的工资支付能力导致的。由此产生的裁员可能是永久性或临时性。大量的人员更换来自于糟糕的管理。在许多情况下，人们失去了的人员必须被更换，其费用是昂贵的。尽可能长时间的留住有价值的员工是一个公司的最佳利益。

人员更换率往往是衡量一个组织的内部环境的士气，应力，和管理技能水平的指标。每一个组织，和各子系统，需要确定其可接受的人员更换率，或一个可以接受必须更换的人数。确定一个可接受的比例，大多数公司研究他们自己和其他公司的过去的经验。一些企业，如快餐食品和服务行业，经历非常高的人员周转率。管理人员必须分析离职原因，确定离职的迹象。经理必须采取行动消除这些原因。

缺勤率。缺勤是指某天没有工作的人员占总的工作人员的百分比。所有的组织都必须保证一个严格的标准，比如说百分之5。相比于离职，管理人员必须评估缺勤的原因并判断其有效性。许多公司发现，百分之90的缺勤的原因是小于百分之10的劳动人员造成的。在任何特定时间，旷工超过标准可能一个麻烦的征兆。某种情况下，比如流感爆发或自然灾害阻碍人们去工作可能暂时提高旷工。许多管理者试图通过鼓励出席防止旷工；他们提供财政奖励和制定现实公平的政策。

人力资产评估

各种监测手段帮助管理者评估员工对于公司的价值。一个方法侧重于会计。另一个注重每个员工的潜在价值。

人力资产费用主要花费于招募，雇用，培训，和发展员工。这种类型的会计措施将一个人看作一种资产，而非消费。开发人力资产的费用被视为投资，它不同于投资公司的资源，而持有这一观点的管理者保持平衡表名单作为雇员资产。当有人离开，相应的投资从总资产移除，表明净资产损失。

在一个与人力资产会计没有多少共同点的方法中，管理者试图分配一美元价值给每个对公司做出贡献的员工。这种方法比较困难。它们包括创建一般类别的雇员并在此基础上分配金额。这种做法可能是随意性的，它试图把注意力集中于人的资源，而不仅仅是费用。

培训和发展

如11章已经指出，培训和发展传授知识，技能，态度和成功所必需的工作经验。有效和高效的操作所必须的标准必须被教导并且执行。敢控制技术阻止相关问题的发生和在变化来到之前快速做出处理。本学科或培训领域已成为评价，奖励或惩罚员工的标准。随着越来越多的多样性出现在大部分组织中，培训员工价值的多样性已成为一个正常的现象。然而如果他们工作时不能互相沟通，他们带到工作中的价值将不能被预期。这种情况在爱德华，堪萨斯也是如此，那里的主要集团的员工用英语交流存在问题，本章介绍了如何重视多样性特征和怎样处理这个问题。

绩效评估

也许人力资源经理采用的最重要的控制装置是使用一个定期的法律，客观，公正的评价体系。这种制度的重点是必须建立一个既定的标准来评价人的表现并且分享这个结果。评价标准是前馈控制设备；评估自己是同时的，而且也是一种反馈。

多米诺比萨在员工行使职责之前使用电脑测试来衡量员工的有效性和警觉性。当司机被雇佣时他们会被进行一个手眼协调测试。结果被作为可以接受的员工的标准。每天报告工作时，司机将进行同样的以机器为主的测试。结果与他们的第一个测试比较。不能满足这些标准的司机可能被分配到给被替代的岗位或休假。这一点是为了让人们不在最佳状态时远离潜在的危险和难以操作设备。

态度调查

态度调查表明员工对他们的雇主的看法。它可以突出在什么是正确的工作场所和那里存在的问题。高层管理人员通常雇用外部咨询公司进行这样的调查。事实上，民意测验是客观的，可以鼓励员工匿名回答。

态度调查询问问题包括关键过程，单位，组织和人员，他们可以根据具体的单位进行评估。问题应能帮助企业找出地区的不满和收集如何改善人们，程序，和政策的建议。比如“你的老板如何回应你的请求？”和“什么是压力的来源？“这样的问题。

答案的收集和分析，结果要应用到管理当中。最好的结果是，结果应与所有员工分享。收集的数据来自surveys-facts，关于员工的性别，婚姻状况，年龄，和工作

categories-become，这些数据可用于确定哪些程序或变化是最适合这组的。

2.英文演讲稿大全 篇二

Public speech is an art.It presents the features of formal written language while exhibiting characteristics of the speaker.Barack Obama, an excellent speaker, addressed his victory speech in November 2012, which was very convincing and considered a classic for its perfect using of rhetorical features, lexicon, syntax, body language and phonology.Stylistic analysis of public speeches is conducted to deepen readers’understanding of Obama’s victory speech, and to find where the secrets of success lie.On the other hand, as the leader of the most powerful country in the world, his speech and delivery was concerned by people all over the globe.Through analyzing Obama’s victory speech, we can know about the career of this outstanding political leader, his communicative skills and personalities.Besides this, we can also know the tendency of future development and the main part of this country through his speech.

2 Rhetorical Features Analysis

2.1 Parallelism

According to the American Heritage Dictionary (2012) , parallelism means the use of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in corresponding clauses.In grammar, parallelism is a balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses.The application of parallelism in sentence construction can sometimes improve the clearness and readability of the writing, facilitate the expression of strong feelings and the power of language.Meanwhile, the special syntactic feature of parallelism, can strengthen the beauty of rhyme of the language.Obama used many parallel structures in his victory speech.

Example-1

You’ll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer who’s working his way through college and wants to make sure every child has that same opportunity.You’ll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer who’s going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added another shift.You’ll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse who’s working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country ever has to fight for a job or a roof over their head when they come home.

In the above example the coherence and beauty of language is clearly and successfully demonstrated by the paralleled sentence step by step.It displays in detail what the campaign group members had done, thus expressing Obama’s gratitude towards the campaign group and his appreciation of their work.

Example-2

That’s why we do this.That’s what politics can be.That’s why elections matter.

While these sentences are short, this kind of parallelism can strengthen the momentum of a sentence parallelism.

Example-3

Democracy in a nation of 300 million can be noisy and messy and complicated.

The three words, noisy, messy and complicated, form a parallel structure of word to make the sentence brief and strong.

Example-4

We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America.

The parallel structure of phrases shows the merit of America:the confidence and virtue of the world’s leader—the United States of America.

Example-5

We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America, open to the dreams of an immigrant’s daughter who studies in our schools and pledges to our flag, to the young boy on the south side of Chicago who sees a life beyond the nearest street corner, to the furniture worker’s child in North Carolina who wants to become a doctor or a scientist, an engineer or an entrepreneur, a diplomat or even a president—that’s the future we hope for.That’s the vision we share.That’s where we need to go—forward.That’s where we need to go.

Using a variety of parallelism, this section emphasizes the image of the United States as a country providing a variety of opportunities, generosity, compassion and patience to immigrants from around the world.It is a country to be proud of as well as the core of the American dream.

2.2 Repetition

Repetition is restricted to those cases of exact copying of a certain previous unit in a text, such as word, phrase or even a sentence (Leech, 1969) .Repetition is the simple repeating of a word, within a sentence or a poetical line, with no particular placement of the words, in order to provide emphasis.Through the selection and modification of words, it makes the expression of language more accurate, distinct, vivid and powerful.

Example-6

It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that has triumphed over war and depression, the spirit that has lifted this country from the depths of despair to the great heights of hope, the belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams, we are an American family and we rise or fall together as one nation and as one people.

With the repetition of the word spirit Obama successfully drew the audience’s attention to individualism which is the core of the American culture.

Example-7

To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics (cheers) the best, the best ever.

Best is also repeated three times, to emphasize the excellence of team.

2.3 Metaphor

Metaphor is a lexical rhetorical device.It is an implied relation between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.It is an important rhetorical device used in the public addresses.Using metaphors contributes to explaining affairs much more vividly and profoundly to enhance the expressive force.Take the following as examples:

Example-8

While our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves us.

Here Obama uses the word journey to refer to America’s future and development.It helps embodying America’s future and drawing a blueprint which can make audiences feel confident.

Example-9

Thank you for believing all the way, through every hill, through every valley, you lifted me up the whole way.

The meaning of hill and valley in writing are natural landscape.In this speech, it stands for the difficulties and hardships on the campaign trail.

2.4 Alliteration

In language, alliteration is the repetition of a particular sound in the prominent lifts (or stressed syllables) of a series of words or phrases.Its main rhetorical function is to enhance the rhythm of language, to render vividness to language expressions and to impress the audience more deeply.

Example-10

The spirit that has lifted this country from the depths of despair to the great heights of hope.

As depth can be replaced by bosom, despair can be replaced by hopelessness, Obama uses depths and despair, heights and hope to make a two pairs of alliteration which forms a better sentence structure, attracts audiences’attention and makes his idea easy to accept.

Example-11

I've seen it in the soldiers who reenlist after losing a limb and in those SEALS that charged up the stairs into darkness and danger because they knew there was a buddy behind them watching their back.

Obama uses darkness and danger to make a pair of alliteration which is to show the diligence of the soldiers to protect their country.It is easy to arouse resonance with the audience.

2.5 Allusion

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (2003) defines“allusion”as“an implied or indirect reference.”So allusion is an indirect reference to people or things outside the text in which it occurs, without mentioning them explicitly.

Example-12

We’re not as cynical as the pundits believe.We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions, and we remain more than a collection of red states and blue states.

As all American know, red and blue refer to two political parties.Hence here Obama indicates that the U.S.consists of different politics and political areas.This kind of saying shows Obama’s idea in the simplest way.

Example-13

America has never been about what can be done of us, it’s about what can be done by us by the hard, frustrating but necessary work of self government.That is the principle we were founded on.

The above sentence rewrites President Kennedy’s famous quote“And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country”.It easily arouses resonance with the audience.

3 Lexical Analysis

At lexical level of linguistic description, lexical choice is mainly examined by the analysis of content words.According to Qian Yuan (2011) , it involves whether the words are simple or complex, formal or informal, general or specific.The lexical items of public speech include hard words, abstract nouns, and personal pronouns, which make the speech more formal and serious, increasing the speaker’s credibility and dignity.

3.1 Hard words

Hard words refer to polysyllabic words of three or more syllables, not including inflection, compounding and proper nouns (Qian Yuan, 2011) .Simple words derive from Anglo-Saxon words, which stand for informality, usually used in dialogue.Hard words are often used in public speeches.They convey formality, credibility and authority.

Hard Words may attract audience’s attention, and moreover enhance the formality and energies of the speech.In Obama’s victory speech, the whole text has 2290 words while hard words account for about 5%of the total, lower than the usual inaugural speech of the other presidents.Hard words include determination, opportunity, controversy, compromises, struggles, destiny, and responsibilities.

Relatively easy to understand on the whole, the speech shows Obama’s intention of speaking with an easy style.Many ordinary people feel a distance from the candidate because he/she may always employ hard words to show that they belong to the so called“elite”or high intellectuals.However, Obama employs relatively simple words to bring the audience closer.

3.2 Abstract words

Abstract noun refers to a quality, state, or action instead of physical thing.The wide use of abstract nouns is one of the stylistic features of public addresses, making a sharp contrast with daily conversations.In Obama’s speech, we can find such words:spirit, ambition, appreciation, determination, innovation, recognition, patriotism, freedom, responsibility, obligations, hardship, confidence, dignity, passion.

Abstract words would make the speech more graceful.Moreover, in addition, the usage of abstract words instead of specific words can make the speech more profound and formal.

4 Syntactic Analysis

4.1 Sentence type

There are four major types of sentences in English:declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamative sentences.We can see that Obama prefers to use declaratives in his victory speech.A declarative sentence or declaration, one of the most common types in public speech, commonly makes a statement.It is brief and crisp, and full of charisma.Let’s take the following sentence for example,

Example-14

And together with your help and God’s grace we will continue our journey forward and remind the world just why it is that we live in the greatest nation on Earth.

The sentence perfectly shows Obama’s confidence in the country and his determination to go on the journey.

At the end of the speech, Obama used a declarative sentence to call on all Americans to struggle for America’s tomorrow, which made a sonorous and powerful end to the speech.Let me say this publicly Michelle I have never loved you more, this is imperative sentence.The imperative sentence, used at the end of his public speech, aroused the passion of the audience, and appealed to them to follow the speaker’s willingness.

4.2 Sentence length

The length of sentence is determined to a certain degree by the style of the text.It reveals the degree of formality of the text.Generally speaking, the average sentence length of a public speech is longer than that of a daily conversation and advertisement and shorter than that of legal documents and technological texts.

The above figure shows that sentences with fewer than 20words account for more than 50%of the speech text.The average sentence length is 20.1 words.Compared with his first victory speech delivered on Nov.4, 2008, with the average sentence length of 28.0 words, Obama used more short sentences in this victory speech, making his speech more vivid and exciting.Meanwhile, the short sentences sound more powerful and enthusiastic, successfully helping Obama to arouse the passion of the audience.Meanwhile, Obama also adopted some long sentences to convey the complicated ideas with parallel structures.Thus the alternate use of short and long sentences helps to make this speech neither too dull nor too wearisome.

5 Structure Analysis

A public speech usually contains three parts:the introduction, the body and the conclusion.The following section will deal with the different parts of each speech to see how Obama organized his speech.

Introduction starts from the beginning to“Thank you for believing all the way, through every hill, through every valley, you lifted me up the whole way and I will always be grateful for everything that you have done and all the incredible work that you've put in.”It expounds the significance of this campaign, and expresses Obama’s gratitude towards the people of United States, the opponent, and the family.The body starts from“I know that political campaigns can sometimes seem small, even silly, and that provides plenty of fodder of the cynics who tell us that politics are nothing more than a contest of egos, or the domain of special interests, but if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turned out at our rallies and crowded along the rope line at a high school gym, or saw folks working late at a campaign office at some tiny county far away from home, you'll discover something else.”and ends at“And I know that every American wants her future to be just as bright.That's who we are.That's the country I'm so proud to lead as your president.”It gives a detailed description of the difficulties confronting the American people and government, and of the efforts made by the people and government.The last part is the conclusion, ending with“I have always believed that hope is that stubborn thing inside us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better awaits us so long as we have the courage to keep reaching, to keep working, to keep fighting.”This conclusion delivers the confidence of the American, and firmly believes in a bright future.

6 Conclusion

In the above parts, the author has analyzed the language features of Obama’s speech from four aspects:rhetorical devices, lexical analysis, syntactic analysis and structural.The major finding in this analysis is that Obama's appropriate usage of stylistic features contributes to a successful, attractive speech.The implication of this paper is that analysis of stylistic features contributes to a better understanding of the speech.A better knowledge of stylistics may result in a better speech.

摘要：2012年11月7日, 美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马在总统选举中成功连任, 当选美国第57届总统, 当晚他于芝加哥发表了胜选演说。这篇演讲鼓舞人心, 征服了来自美国甚至全世界各地的听众, 获得各界极大的好评和推崇。该文从修辞特征、词汇、句法和篇章结构等角度对奥巴马2012年胜选演讲进行语体分析, 以加深读者对奥巴马胜选演讲的理解。

关键词：奥巴马,获胜演讲,文体分析

参考文献

[1]Enkvist N E, Spenser J.Linguistics and Style[M].London:Ox-ford University Press, 1964.

[2]Leech G N.A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry[M].London:Longman Press, 1969.

[3]American Heritage Dictionary[M].5thed.Bantam:Houghton Miff-lin Company, 2012.

[4]Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary[M].11thed.MerriamWebster, 2003.

[5]钱瑗.实用英语文体学[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2011.

[6]王守元.英语文体学要略[M].济南:山东大学出版社, 1990.

[7]曾亚平, 黄振定.论奥巴马总统竞选获胜演讲的文体风格[M].湖南大学学报:社会科学版, 2009 (3) :88-90.

3.英文演讲稿大全 篇三

【摘要】古今中外绝大多数成功人士都是超级演说家，因此演讲备受推崇，而笔者所在的高职院校更是将课前演讲作为一项学生必须完成的任务去贯彻执行。针对我院学生在“課前一分钟英文演讲”中存在的问题，笔者提出了应对措施，并进一步指出了在大学英语教学实践中应注意的若干方面以及“课前一分钟英文演讲”在培养高职学生综合能力中发挥的重要作用。

【关键词】英文演讲 高职学生 综合能力 教学实践

笔者所在的学院非常重视对学生职业素养的提高，不仅在校园网上设置了“课前一分钟演讲”专题栏目，而且将这项活动纳入了日常教学和班级考核之中。我院要求学生上课前作“课前一分钟演讲”，并安排了学生会干事过来检查登记每个班的演讲情况。我院团委每年定期举办“课前一分钟演讲”挑战赛，目前已举办了十二届。我院“课前一分钟演讲”活动进行得如火如荼，在湖南教育新闻网和湖南电视台新闻栏目都有报道。

一、高职学生“课前一分钟英文演讲”存在的问题及应对措施

为了提高高职学生英语水平和职业素养等综合能力，笔者将“课前一分钟英文演讲”引入大学英语课堂。然而，在英文演讲活动开展的过程中，笔者发现一个很大的问题：虽然学院非常重视此活动，并采取了相关措施保障和促进演讲活动的开展，但学生本身并不太重视。另外，由于高职学生英语水平普遍较低，在英文演讲中表现也不佳。针对不同的问题，笔者在实践中摸索出了下列对策：

1.学生不主动。大多高职学生学习缺乏主动性，因此很少有人主动站出来作“课前1分钟英文演讲”。

应对措施：按学号顺序，人人都要参加。

2.准备不充分。相当一部分演讲的学生没有提前准备或准备得很不充分，有的临时从手机上搜索一段英文来念，自己很不熟悉，发音错误很多，基本上很难听懂；还有的很简单说几句英文自我介绍，就敷衍了事了。

应对措施：与平时成绩挂钩，且占较高比例。

3.不敢开口。部分演讲的学生不敢或不愿开口说英语，想用中文演讲代替。

应对措施：坚持英文演讲，演讲内容和形式可不限。积极鼓励学生，肯定学生的进步，努力发掘学生的闪光点。

4.缺少聆听与互动。学生英文演讲基本没有互动，台下的学生也没有认真去听。

应对措施：设置演讲后的提问环节。教师根据演讲内容提问听的学生或听众提问演讲学生。

二、“课前一分钟英文演讲”在教学实践中应注意的方面

1.教学步骤。在进行“课前一分钟英文演讲”前，要求演讲的学生提交演讲相关材料。这些材料可以是纸制版或电子版的英文演讲稿以及演讲用的PPT或视频等。教师看完演讲材料后，提出改进或修改意见，使之更加完善。课堂演讲教学主要分为下面四个步骤：

第一步，学生演讲。由于大学英语课通常是大班授课，学生人数众多，要求演讲者使用麦克风，以便所有人都能听见。每班指派专人负责拍摄演讲视频。

第二步，教师点评。演讲的学生比较看重教师的点评，因此教师应该多给予积极肯定的评价。同时，也要较委婉地指出其演讲中的不足之处，促进其继续提高，这对听众学生来说也是一种学习和借鉴。

第三步，课堂互动。课堂互动包括师生互动和生生互动两个部分。教师可针对演讲的内容对听众学生提问，比如：“Whats the topic of the speech？”、“What do you think of…？”等等。听众学生也可以就演讲的内容提问演讲的学生。

第四步，演讲评分。评委组由教师和数名学生共同组成。学生评委包括教师指定的部分英语成绩较好的学生和学生自己选出的代表。参照演讲比赛的评分标准，制定评分细则，从演讲的时间、态度、内容、语言表达、技巧等方面进行打分。

在课堂教学时间允许的条件下，可带领学生观看并学习优秀演讲短视频，比如：TED演讲、美国历任总统就职演说、各类大学生英语演讲比赛以及名人的演讲等等。观看这些英文演讲视频，既训练了学生听力，又学习了演讲技巧，还对他们精神上有很好的启发和激励作用。

2.演讲话题。我院《大学英语》课程开设两个学期。根据高职学生的实际情况以及培养学生综合能力的教学目标，演讲的话题按学期分为两个部分：

（1）第一学期学生自主命题。由于新生刚踏入大学校门，对新环境和新同学还不太熟悉，可能会比较拘谨。再加上高职学生英语基础和演讲能力都还比较弱，让他们选择自己感兴趣和擅长的话题进行演讲，这样他们就能有话可说，有感而发了，演讲效果会更好，也有利于增强他们的自信心。

（2）第二学期教师指定命题。经过一个学期的演讲训练，学生的各方面的水平都有相应的提高。进入第二学期，演讲话题由教师根据教学内容、时事热点来指定命题。学生课外主动收集整理相关资料，有利于他们养成自学的习惯。

3.演讲形式。这是一个讲究个性的时代，因此演讲的形式也可以不拘一格。

（1）个人的形式。除了传统的英文演说外，还有用英文讲笑话、朗诵诗、唱歌、猜谜，更有模仿Michael Jackson跳舞、魔术等才艺表演。

（2）双人的形式。比如英文对话。

（3）小组的形式。比如英文小品。

4.演讲时间。虽然活动名为“课前一分钟英文演讲”，但是演讲的时间不仅仅局限于课前的一分钟内。可根据参与的演讲情况和学生人数而定，比如学生在演讲中展示了PPT、分享了视频或是以小组的形式进行的，演讲时间可适当延长。总的来说，演讲用时不得少于一分钟，也不能超过10分钟。演讲活动可以根据教学需要，放到课后进行。

5.其他方面。对于学生提交的演讲资料、现场拍摄的视频以及评分表等要及时地整理保存，不仅可作为学生平时成绩的重要参考依据，而且也相当于给学生建立了一个演讲档案，作为学生能力提升的见证。此外，教师可挑选出优秀的演讲视频，在别的班上进行展示和推广。

三、“课前一分钟英文演讲”在培养高职学生综合能力中的作用

通過多年教学实践证明，“课前一分钟英文演讲”很好地活跃了课堂的气氛，有效地增进了师生间和学生间的交流互动，极大地改善了高职大学英语的教学状况。同时，该活动对于培养高职学生综合能力发挥着积极重要的作用。

1.切实提高高职学生的自主学习能力和团队协作精神。绝大多数高职学生缺乏自主学习能力，在学习上几乎完全依靠教师在课堂上的讲解。我院学管部门和任课教师齐抓学生的课前演讲，促使学生利用课外时间去图书馆查询或网上搜索演讲所需资料，有利于学生自主学习能力的培养和提高。有的演讲是以小组的形式开展的，组内成员分工合作、互帮互助有利于培养学生的团队协作精神。

2.全面提升高职学生英语的听、说、读、写能力。英语学习离不开听、说、读、写这几个方面。在教学中，如果过于强调读写而忽视听说，即使学生有比较扎实的英语基础，但仍然是听不懂、说不出，学的也只是“聋哑英语”，交际能力很弱；如果只重视听说而不加强读写训练，学生语法混乱、词汇量少，能表达的不多而且还是Chinglish（中式英语）。“课前一分钟英文演讲”将这四个方面的能力训练巧妙地融合在一起，是一种综合性的全面训练：演讲前，学生在收集资料、撰写演讲稿时训练了读写能力；演讲时，学生练习了说的能力；演讲后，在互动提问中训练了听力。

3.逐渐培养高职学生在未来工作中的职业素养。“课前一分钟英文演讲”活动能逐渐培养出学生以下的职业素养：⑴克服紧张和畏惧心理，敢于在公众场合发言；⑵逻辑思维缜密和临场应变能力强；⑶在演讲过程中，学会相互尊重、互相聆听。这些专业素养有助于学生毕业后更好地适应工作，也为他们未来的职业生涯奠定了坚实的基础。

总而言之，将“课前一分钟英文演讲”活动在大学英语教学中日常化，使之成为其中重要的一部分，通过持之以恒、循序渐进的训练，能有效培养高职学生的综合能力。

参考文献：

[1]唐艳玲，毕会英.大学英语课堂嵌入英语演讲的有效性研究[J].长春工程学院学报（社会科学版），2008（2）.

[2]师少华.课前小演讲学习大不同—浅议英语演讲对大学生英语学习的积极影响[J].商界论坛，2013（18）.

[3]许晓丽.使用课前演讲提高英语语言表达能力[J].希望月报，2007（9）.

作者简介：

陈黎明（1983-），女，湖南永州人，讲师，硕士，研究方向为英语教学与口译。

4.短篇英文励志故事大全 篇四

小故事，大哲理，下面是 给大家整理的短篇英文励志故事大全，供大家参阅!短篇英文励志故事大全：Two Soldiers Two soldiers were in camp.The first one‘s name was George, and the second one‘s name was Bill.George said, “have you got a piece of paper and an envelope, Bill?” Bill said, “Yes, I have,” and he gave them to him.Then George said, “Now I haven‘t got a pen.” Bill gave him his, and George wrote his letter.Then he put it in the envelope and said, “have you got a stamp, Bill?” Bill gave him one.Then Bill got up and went to the door, so George said to him, “Are you going out?” Bill Said, “Yes, I am,” and he opened the door.George said, “Please put my letter in the box in the office, and...” He stopped.“What do you want now?” Bill said to him.George looked at the envelope of his letter and answered, “What‘s your girl-friend‘s address?” 军营里有二名士兵，一个叫乔治，一个叫比尔。乔治问：“比尔，你有信纸、信封吗?”

比尔说：“有。”然后把信纸和信封给了乔治。

乔治又说：“我还没有笔呢。”比尔又把自己的笔给了他短篇英语励志小故事大全短篇英语励志小故事大全。乔治开始写信。写完后把信放进信封里，又问：“比尔，你有邮票吗?”比尔给了他一张。

这时比尔站起来，向门口走去。乔治问：“你要出去吗?” 比尔说：“是的!。”随即打开了门。

乔治说：“请帮我把这封信投进办公室的信箱里，还有...”他停住了。

“你还要什么?”比尔问

乔治看着信封说：“你女朋友的地址是-?” 短篇英文励志故事大全：Five Months Older The Second World War had begun, and John wanted to join the army, but he was only 16 years old, and boys were allowed to join only if they were over 18.So when the army doctor examined him, he said that he was 18.But John‘s brother had joined the army a few days before, and the same doctor had examined him too.This doctor remembered the older boy‘s family name, so when he saw John‘s papers, he was surprised.“How old are you?” he said.“Eighteen, sir,” said John.“But your brother was eighteen, too,” said the doctor.“Are you twins?” “Oh, no, sir,” said John, and his face went red.“My brother is five months older than I am.” 大五个月

第二次世界大战开始了，约翰想参军，可他只有十六岁，当时规定男孩到十八岁才能入伍短篇英语励志小故事大全故事。所以军医给他进行体检时，他说他已经十八岁了。

可约翰的哥哥刚入伍没几天，而且也是这个军医给他做的检查。这位医生还记得他哥哥的姓。所以当他看到约翰的表格时，感到非常惊奇。

“你多大了?”军医问。“十八，长官。”约翰说。

“可你的哥哥也是十八岁，你们是双胞胎吗?”

约翰脸红了，说：“哦，不是，长官，我哥哥比我大五个月。” “你多大了?”军医问。“十八，长官。”约翰说。

“可你的哥哥也是十八岁，你们是双胞胎吗?”

约翰脸红了，说：“哦，不是，长官，我哥哥比我大五个月。” 短篇英文励志故事大全：Very Pleased to Meet You During World War II, a lot of young women in Britain were in the army.Joan Phillips was one of them.She worked in a big camp, and of course met a lot of men, officers and soldiers.One evening she met Captain Humphreys at a dance.He said to her, “I‘m going abroad tomorrow, but I‘d be very happy if we could write to each other.” Joan agreed, and they wrote for several months.Then his letters stopped, but she received one from another officer, telling her that he had been wounded and was in a certain army hospital in England.Joan went there and said to the matron, “I‘ve com#e to visit Captain Humphreys.” “Only relatives are allowed to visit patients here,” the matron said.“Oh, that‘s all right,” answered Joan.“I‘m his sister.” “I‘m very pleased to meet you,” the matron said, “I‘m his mother!” 在第二次世界大战中，有许多年轻的妇女在军营中服役。琼.飞利浦斯是其中之一。她在一个大军营中工作，当然遇到了许多男士，包括军官和士兵。一天晚上她在舞会上遇到了军官汉弗雷斯。他对她说，“我明天就要出国，但如果我们能够相互写信，我会很高兴。”琼同意了，于是他们几个月里一直通着信。

后来，他再没有来信。她收到了另一个军官的信，告诉她，他受伤了，住在英格兰的某个部队医院里

琼到了医院，她对护士长说，“我来看望军官汉弗雷斯短篇英语励志小故事大全故事。”

“这里只有亲属可以探望病人。”护士长说。“噢，是的，”琼说，“我是他的妹妹。” “很高兴认识你，”护士长说，“我是他的母亲。” 短篇英文励志故事大全：West Point My father, brother and I visited West Point to see a football game between Army and Boston College.Taking a stroll before kickoff, we met many cadets in neatly pressed uniforms.Several visting fans asked the recruits if they would pose for photographs, “to show our son what to expect if he should attend West Point.” One middle-aged couple approached a very attractive female cadet and asked her to pose for a picture.They explained, “We want to show our son what he missed by not com#ing to West Point.” 父亲、哥哥和我到西点军校去观看一场陆军与波士顿大学之间的 橄榄球赛。开始之前，我们到处转了转，碰到许多穿着整齐制服的学员。几名游客问新兵是否愿意摆出军姿来让他们摄。“好让我们的儿子知道，如果他到西点军校来学习会得到什么。”

一对中年夫妇走近一名非常漂亮的女学员，问她是否愿意摆个姿势照相。他们解释说：“我们想让儿子知道他没来西点军校错过了什么。”

短篇英文励志故事大全：Present for Girlfriend At a jewelry store, a young man bought an expensive locket as a present for his girlfriend.“Shall I engrave her name on it?” the jeweler asked.The customer thought for a moment, and then said, “No-engrave it ‘To my one and only love‘.That way, if we ever break up, I can use it again.” 送给女友的礼物

在一家珠宝店里，一位年轻人买了一个贵重的小金盒作为送给女友的礼物短篇英语励志小故事大全短篇英语励志小故事大全。“要我把她的名字刻在上面吗?”珠宝商问道。

5.工程师英文名称大全 篇五

aeronautical engineer 航空工程师

automation engineer 自动工程师

civil engineer 土木工程师

cold storage engineer 冷藏工程师

constructional engineer 建筑工程师

consulting engineer 顾问工程师

electric engineer 电机工程师

electronic engineer 电子工程师

gas engineer 煤气工程师

heating & ventilating engineer 加热及通风工程师

hydraulic engineer 水力工程师

industrial engineer 工业工程师

marine engineer 造船工程师

mechanical engineer 机械工程师 motor engineer 汽车工程师

pneumatic engineer 气体力学工程师

radio engineer 无线电工程师

refrigerating engineer 雪柜工程师

sanitary engineer 卫生工程师

site investigation engineer 侧基工程师

structural engineer 结构工程师

telecommunication engineer 电讯工程师

television engineer 电视工程师

tunneling engineer 隧道工程师

well-boring engineer 钻井工程师

从上述分类可见，工程师的工作已越分越细，所以工程师这一名称的概念已不再局限于“工程”（特别和建筑有关的工程）之上了。

6.冬季校运会英文加油稿大全 篇六

【篇一】冬季校运会英文加油稿

Eagle belong to the blue sky，white water belong to the sea，while our athletes are belong to the grass.it is hoped that the place up，it will be come a stage win.sports athletes are confident that when you fight for the dream，in order to win time and sweat，but also for the glory of our liuyang eight.雄鹰属于蓝天，激流属于大海，而我们的运动员则属于绿茵茵的草地。那是希望升起的地方，也将是胜利降临的舞台。自信的运动健儿们，当你们为梦想而拼搏，为胜利而流汗时，也在为我们浏阳八中争光。

【篇二】冬季校运会英文加油稿

Cantabile sport，but there is no timeless tone.you do not know when it would play，when will it drop； sports such as tender round，but there is no change of direction，you do not know when to go，when to stay，In this down，back and forth，stop-and-go，the life will be filled with no regrets，filled with touching.your life will be sweet brilliant！

运动如歌，但却没有永恒的调子。你不知它何时会起，何时会落；运动如嫩轮，但却没有不变的方向，你不知道它何时要走，何时要留，在这起起落落，反反复复，走走停停中，生命将写满无悔，写满感动。你的人生将绚丽可爱！

【篇三】冬季校运会英文加油稿

On the runway，is a choice.From the beginning，is a form of courage.Riding arena，is a victory.踏上跑道，是一种选择。离开起点，是一种勇气。驰骋赛场，是一种胜利。

【篇四】冬季校运会英文加油稿

Strong，persistent，endurance and hope，in the extension of the runway of the little white condensation！Power，faith，hard work and struggle，in the distant finish line gradually bright！Voice of the age you are at the foot of the riding ring.坚定，执着，耐力与希望，在延伸的白色跑道中点点凝聚！力量，信念，拼搏与奋斗，在遥远的终点线上渐渐明亮！时代的强音正在你的脚下踏响。

【篇五】冬季校运会英文加油稿

In the passage of time，the track in the stretch，success in front of you heart beat，blood is boiling，brilliant at your feet cast.Come on，young heroes！

时间在流逝，赛道在延伸，成功在你面前展现心脏的跳动，热血在沸腾，辉煌在你脚下铸就。加油吧，健儿们！

【篇六】冬季校运会英文加油稿

Your the stadium walk upstream flame is always in the footsteps of come and go，is the wind leaves，golden glow of refraction，thereby，can interpret athletes excited face.The lightsome pace is like the wings of the birds，the ringing of gunfire rang out，and it rises beaming the vigor and the desire to start，acceleration，beyond，the sprint，step by step to the victory of the dawn.That is the force of competition，the quality of the contest，is the pomegranate tree，heart moving.你们是体育场上游走的火焰，是来去不息的脚步，是风中飞舞的树叶折射的金色光芒，藉此，可以诠释运动员兴奋的脸庞。那轻盈的步伐似飞鸟的翅膀，那清脆的枪声响彻天际，它粲然升起那跃动的渴望，起跑、加速、超越、冲刺，一步一步延向胜利的曙光。那是力的比拼，素质的较量，是石榴树上，跃动的心脏。

【篇七】冬季校运会英文加油稿

Come on，athletes！With strong pace，sound strong cry，sports field in dribs and drabs of our youth.Flag shake，drum sound，here do not help is youthful vitality； Shots ring out，“ready to start”，not to help athletes like fire.Hero，the world is victory，sound vow with the high morale of athletes.My friends，cheer for athletes，cheer for sport！On the field，every molecule in the air is saturated with confidence.I want to shout: "here is an exciting！