讲话的类型考研英语作文

讲话的类型考研英语作文（共8篇）

1.讲话的类型考研英语作文 篇一

2.讲话的类型考研英语作文 篇二

关键词：用途,结构,从句,系动词

句子是一个相对完整的概念, 它有一定的语法和语调, 英语中的句子根据不同的标准可以划分为以下几种类型:

一、从用途来看, 句子主要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四大类

(一) 陈述句用于陈述事实, 句末标点一般用句号。

(二) 疑问句用以提出问题, 句末标点一般用问号。

疑问句可分为以下四种:

1.一般疑问句以助动词do (did does) 、be (am/is/are/was/were) 、have (has、had) 情态动词 (can/may/must/shall/will……) 开始, 语调为升调, 通常以yes或no回答。

2.一般疑问句以一个特殊疑问代词 (what/which/who/whom) 和特殊疑问副词 (when/where/why/how) 引入, 语调为降调。

3.选择疑问句形式上与一般疑问句相似, 但里面给出两个答案, 由回答人选择, 语调先升后降, 不用yes或no回答。

4.反意疑问句由两部分组成, 前一部分为陈述句, 加逗号;后一部分为相应的简短问句, 用问号。前一部分肯定形式, 后一部分通常用否定形式:否则相反。语调先降后升。

(三) 祈使句表示请求命令, 又叫无人称句, 但句子隐含主语是第二人称, 句末标点用句号或感叹号。

(四) 感叹句表示各种强烈的感情, 由what, how引出句末用感叹号或问号。

二、从结构看, 句子主要分为简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句四类

(一) 简单句

简单句的五大基本句型:

1.主语+谓语 (不及物动词)

2.主语+谓语 (及物动词) +宾语

3.主语+系动词+表语

4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

(1) 间接宾语表示动作的接受者, 直接宾语是动作的作用对象, 如果把直接宾语放在间接宾语之前, 则需要在间接宾语之前加相应的介词to或for.

(2) 双宾语的被动语态。主语+谓语+宾语+宾语, 只将主动结构中的一个宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 另一宾语不变。这一保留不变的宾语叫做保留宾语。

5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (复合宾语)

复合宾语是宾语 (名词或代词) 和它后面的宾语补足语一起构成复合结构, 作动词的宾语, 称为复合宾语。宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的性质和特征的。主要类型如下:

(1) 谓语+宾语+不定式

A.带to的不定式作宾语。

B.不带to的动词不定式做宾补。

(2) 动词+宾语+分词

A.用现在分词做宾补。

B.用过去分词做宾补。

(3) 谓语+宾语+名词

(4) 谓语+宾语+形容词

(二) 并列句有两个或两个以上的简单句, 等立连词之前可用逗号也可不用

1.等立连词 (and/or/but/for) 。

2.分号。

3.连接副词 (then/therefore/nevertheless/however/yet) 。

(三) 复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成

主句可以独立存在, 从句是一个句子成分, 不能独立存在, 主句和从句由一个关联词引导。英语中常见的从句有以下三类:名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句。

1.名词性从句主要可分为四类, 他们是:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句, 其功能相当于名词。

(1) 主语从句。用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有以下几种:

A.连词that, whether.

B.连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever.

C.连接副词when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however.

(2) 表语从句。用作主语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词有:

A.连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which.

B.连接副词when, where, how, why.

C.连接that (口语中可省) , whether, as if, because.

(3) 宾语从句。用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词有:

A.连词that (口语中可省) , whether, if.

B.连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever.

C.接连副词when, where, how, why.

(4) 同位语从句。在句子中作同位语的从句, 叫同位语从句, 它一般位于所说明的名词或代词的后面, 对这个名词或代词起解释说明的作用。引导的关联词有:

A.连词that和whether.

B.连接副词what , which, who.

C.连接副词when, where, why, how.

2.状语从句。在复合句中担任状语成分的从句, 称为状语从句。状语从句主要分为9类。

(1) 时间状语从句表示时间, 主要的从属连词:when, while, after, before, as, since, till, until, as soon as, once, whenever, no sooner…than…, hardly (scarcely) …when…

(2) 地点状语从句表示地点, 主要的从属连词有:where, wherever.

(3) 原因状语从句表示原因或理由, 主要从属连词:because, as, since.

(4) 条件状语从句表示条件, 主要的从属连词:if, unless, as/so long as, only if.

(5) 方式状语从句表示动作的方式, 主要从属连词:as, just as, as if/though.

(6) 目的状语从句表示目的, 主要的从属连词:that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case.从句中的谓语动词常用may (might) , can (could) , shall (should) , will (would) 等情态动词。

(7) 结果状语从句表示结果, 主要的从属连词so that, such that, so…that, such…that.

(8) 让步状语从句表示“虽然”、“尽管”、“即使”等概念, 主要的从属连词though, although, even if, even though, as, whether…or…注意as引导的让步状语从句, 应用倒装语序, 将表语或状语提前。

(9) 比较状语从句也是一种方式状语从句, 主要的从属连词as…as, not as (so) …as, more…than, less…than, the…the…, than.

3.定语从句。用作定语的从句叫做定语从句, 通常位于它所修饰的名词或代词之后, 这种名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句分为两类, 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as.关系副词when, where, why.

(四) 并列复合句即为还有复合句的并列句

三、从修饰的角度看可分为松散句、圆周句、对偶句和排比句

句子有松散句、圆周句和对偶句之分。松散句把主要意思放在次要意思之前, 因而读者在看到最初的几个词后就知道这句话的意思, 松散据比较明白、简单、自然和直接。圆周句的安排则相反:把最重要的意思放在最后面, 并且直到最后一个词时句子的结构才完整。读者只有看完整句话才知道它说什么, 圆周句比较复杂、着重、正适合文雅。两个结构相似但意思相反的平行从句便是对偶句。对偶句会给人留下深刻的印象且声调和节奏优美。排比句是英语写作中的一个较为常见的修辞手段, 它既能增加文章的清晰度, 又能使一个句子或另一个段落的思想内容逐步递进, 达到高潮。

四、从句子的长短来看, 可分为长句和短句

短句一般语气重;长句则适宜于准确表达复杂的思想, 因为它含有很多修饰句。短句可陈述重要的事实和想法;长句则可解释观点和理论或描写有很多细节的事物。

英语句子中的结构是复杂的, 但总地来说是有规律可循的, 我们在学习英语的过程中不但要善于总结, 而且要把它运用于学习英语的实践中, 那么, 我们何愁阅读速度提高不了, 何愁英语写作水平不更上一层楼!

参考文献

[1]张道真.实用英语语法.外语教学与研究出版社.

[2]章振邦.新编英语语法教程.上海外语出版社.

3.浅谈英语课堂教师提问的类型 篇三

【关键词】课堂话语 课堂提问 提问类型

对于教师提问也是有各种类型的分类和划分。如今比较广泛使用和推崇的一种分类是由Kearsley（1982）及Long和Sato（1983）等人提出的，把问题种类分为两种，展示性问题和参考性问题。展示性问题指提问者掌握问题的答案并且答案是唯一的，而参考性问题指提问者没有唯一的、所谓标准的答案。例如，大学英语精读3（上海外语教育出版社）Unit 4 中的问题：In what was Sarahs criticism different form others？ 此问从文章原文可以找到已知信息，提问只是想知道学生是否可以辨识到有用信息。而问题：How to summarize the story in a sentence？就是参考性问题。提问者没有唯一标准的答案，可以引发学生的创造性思维并锻炼语言的输出能力。

Long和Sato（1983）把问题分成了两大类，即反馈性问题（echoic question）和看法性问题（epistemic question）。反馈性问题的主要目的是确认知识是否理解，是教师对学生听课状态的一种核实，对课堂管理的一种手段。反馈性问题依据问题内容的不同可以分为：理解核实、澄清核实和确认核实。而看法性问题可以分为参考性问题、展示性问题、表达性问题和反问性问题。而目前课堂提问中比较经常使用并有助于学生进行语言学习的应属于参考性问题和展示性问题。

根据Bloom的六层认知层次，由问题本事的认知层次可以划分为：识记、理解、应用、分析、综合、评价。识记性问题主要是老师要检查学生是否掌握之前所学知识，它的目的是考察学生是否对之前知识识记清晰无误。理解性问题是运用所识记的知识加之自己的理解能力重新组织语言而得出的答案，而这种理解一般都是浅显的初步的理解。一般情况下，问题的答案不能从文章中或材料中找到。应用问题是指运用所学的理论和概念去解决一些简单问题，主要是检验学生在没有给出明确的解决模式之前，运用抽象概念解决问题的能力。分析性问题是需要学生能够把已知材料分解成各种要素，并了解个要素的含义和关系，重新组织后去才能解决的问题。综合性问题是指是以分析为基础，把重新组织的各要素作为整体，以便创造性的去解决的问题。回答此类问题强调有特色和首创性。评价性问题属于认知领域里最高层次，这一层次的问题需要学生凭感受和对已知现象作出判断，并给出自己对事物价值给出有说服力的解释。此类型的问题不是抽象独立的问题，往往需要融入现实社会等价值观的判读。在这些层次的划分基础上分成两个维度，低层次提问和高层次提问。记忆性、理解性提问划分为低层次提问，而分析性、评价性、应用型、综合性提问划分为高层次提问。

Barnes（1969，1976）把问题的类型分为四种；第一种是事实性问题，意图是找出事实是什么的问题。这种问题答案基本唯一，属于闭合性问题。第二种是逻辑性问题，是关于事实为什么会变成这样和对于这种行为的原因是什么。这种问题有可能属于闭合性问题即只有一个正确答案，也可以是开放性问题，答案众多不唯一。第三种开放性问题不需要答案唯一，或者特别具体的答案。第四种属于社会问题，需要回答这结合社会的价值观和自己的行为方式进行作答。Barnes（1969）认为有些问题被认为是闭合性问题但是答案却不唯一，而有些开放性问题的答案却被限定，他讲此种现象叫做虚假问题。意思是有些看上去是开放性的问题实质上却是只有一种答案的。

对于课堂提问的研究应基于各种问题类型，进行分类讨论。无论是哪一种分类手段都有它的优势和弊端，在对于课堂研究中关于教师提问的分析应根据实际情况具体分析。而不能只单单根据一种分类进行量化分析。

参考文献：

[1]Barnes，D.From Communication to Curriculum[M].Harmondsworth：Penguin.1976.

[2]Barnes，D.Language in the Secondary Classroom[M].Harmondsworth：Penguin，1969.

[3]Barnes，D.Language in the secondary classroom[A].in Barnes，D.Britton，J，&Torbe，M.（eds.）Language，the learner and the school[C].Harmondsworth：Penguin，1969.

[4]Bloom，L.Language Development[M].Newbury House，1956.

[5]Long，M.&Sato.C Methodological issues in interlanguage studies：An interactionist perspective[A].In Davies，A，Criper，C&Howatt，A（edus.）.Interlanguage[C].Edinburgh：Edinburgh University Press，1984.104.

[6]Krashen，S.Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition[M].Oxford：Pergamon，1982（9）：56-57.

[7]胡青球等.大学英语教师课堂提问模式调查分析[J].外语界，2004（6）：22-27.

4.讲话的类型考研英语作文 篇四

常常有英语小白抱怨说考研英语作文不知道怎么写，因为自己词汇量不够，很多表达也不标准。今天就给大家送福利了，一些常用的词汇表达，大家接好~

1.经济：

economic globalization(经济全球化), sustainable development(可持续发展)，unfair competition(不正当竞争)，crack down on fake commodities(打假)，boom(繁荣)，fierce competition(激烈竞争)，credit crisis(信用危机)，stabilize prices(稳定物价)，virtual economy(虚拟经济)

2.文化：

great and profound(博大精深的)，integration and interaction(融合交汇)，crash(碰撞)，charming(极具魅力的)，splendid(壮丽辉煌的)，English fever(英语热)

3.环保：

environment-friendly(生态型的，环保的)，threat of global warming(全球变暖的威胁), promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth(促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变)，curb environmental pollution/ bring the pollution under control(治理环境污染)，develop renewable resources(开发可再生资源)，a low-carbon economy(低碳经济)

4.科技：

http:///kaoyan/ science and technology(科学技术)，web-addiction(沉迷网络)，computer crime(电脑犯罪)，e-commerce(电子商务)，virtual life(虚拟生活)，information era(信息时代)，cyber romance(网恋)，surf the Internet(网上冲浪)，因特网 the Internet(一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)，artificial intelligence(人工智能)

5.就业：

applicant(申请人)，position available/ vacant position(空缺职位)，competent(能胜任的), be qualified for(合格的), proficiency(熟练程度)，job arrangement and benefit(工作待遇和福利)，promotion(晋升), gender-biased(性别歧视的)，appearance-biased(相貌歧视的)，提供就业机会 offer job opportunities

6.大学生活/教育：

cultivate(培养)，further one’s study(深造)，quality education(素质教育)，foster abilities(培养能力)，relieve the burden on students(减轻学生负担)，be occupied with so much schoolwork(忙于功课)place emphasis on(以…为重心)，comprehensive(全面的，广泛的)，practical capability(实际能力)，duck-stuffing(填鸭式)

7.社会现象：

enlightening(富有启发的)，cause alarm and attention(引起了警惕和重视)，set good example for(为…树立榜样)，dedicate(做贡献), take action(采取行动)，ensure

http:///kaoyan/

确保执行)，vulnerable(易诱惑的，易受影响的)，be supposed to(应该)

8.人物特征、情感描写：

strong-minded(坚强的)，industrious(勤奋的)，promising(有前途的)，dynamic(有生气的)，responsible(有责任心的), influential(有影响力的)，profound(渊博精深的)，devoted(忠实的，投入的)，warm-hearted(热心的)

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5.讲话的类型考研英语作文 篇五

9.Opinions on this phenomenon differ from person to person.10.I am here firmly supportive of …

书信：

1.I heard with delight that...2.I am looking forward to your reply

3.I am here firmly supportive of

4.To conclude

5.I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.6.I‟m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about....（一）、对比观点

1、提出主题

（1）The topic of（主题）is becoming more and more popular nowadays.（3）…has attracted extensive（广泛的）attention of the society.（4）There is no consensus(一致)of opinion among people as to the view of…

2、展开

（1）Firstly…secondly(besides)…thirdly(finally)

（2）For one thing…for another…what’s more…

（3）On one hand…on the other hand…moreover…

3、转折

（1）On the contrary…

（2）however, as a coin has two sides…

4、自己的看法

I am here firmly supportive of …

5、喊口号

（1）Only through…can we…

对比观点例文1

There is a widespread concern over the issue that（作文题目）But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from

本卷第1页（共3页）

person

to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一_.In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place,原因一.Furthermore, in the second place, 原因二.So it goes without saying that观点一.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that观点二.In their point of view, on the one

hand，原因一.On the other hand,原因二.Therefore, there is no doubtthat观点二_.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that观点一或二.It is not only because ____, but also because ____.The more ____,the more___.对比观点例文2

_____ is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say ____ is their favorite.They hold their viewfor the reason of ____.What is more,_____。Moreover,______.While others think that _____ is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,_____.Secondly(besides),______.Thirdly(finally),___.From my point of view, I think _____.The reason is that _____.As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.3、展开

（2）To begin with,(缺点一).In addition,(缺点二).To make matters worse…

.5、喊口号

（1）Only through…can we have a bright future.看图作文：最后喊口号It’s high time that + 一般过去时

四、书信作文模板

（一）开头部分

（1）How nice to hear from you again.（3）I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr.9th.（4）I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.（5）I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.（二）结尾部分

（1）With best wishes！

（2）I’m looking forward to your early reply.（3）I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.Dear...,I am extremely pleased to hear from you.And I would like to write aletter to tell you that_____.……

I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours,Lihua.五、口头通知常见写作模板

（一）称呼语及开场白部分

（1）Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.（二）正文部分

（1）All the teachers and students are required to attend it.（2）Please take your notebooks and make notes.（3）Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.（4）Please come on time and don’t be late.（三）结束语部分

（1）Please come and join in it.（2）Everybody is welcome to attend it.（3）I hope you’ll have a nice time here.That’s all.Thank you.1.Friends give us …朋友给予我们…。

2.A good friend is someone you can …一位好朋友就是一个我们能够…的人。

3.The first time I met …, he was …当我第一次遇到…的时候，他…。

4.Friendship plays an important part in …友谊在…中扮演一个重要角色。

5.You can … to be a good friend.你可以…来成为别人的好朋友。

6.We can turn to...when we feel down.当我们心情糟糕时，可以求助于…。

7.… makes a good friend.…成就好朋友。

8.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真知。

9....is one of the things people value most in a friend.… 是人们在朋友身上最重视的东西。

6.讲话的类型考研英语作文 篇六

在中职低年级课堂上参考性问题极为少见,其中一(3)班课堂上所提的32个问题中只有2个是参考性问题,而一(2)班课堂上的16也仅有1个参考性问题。但在二(4)班课堂上的13个问题中有9个是参考性问题,其中一个看似很简单的“Do you have a computer?”却引发了师生之间真实且丰富的语言交流。

由此可见,参考性问题体现了语言交流的特点,给学生创造了自己组织语言进行实践的机会。因此,参考性问题的优势要大大优于展示性问题。国外学者布洛克(Brock)经过实验也发现:当经过参考性提问培训的教师在课堂上进行参考性提问的次数显著增加以后(展示性问题与参考性问题的比例达8:39),学生的应答能力也随之提高。参考性问题的多少在中职英语课堂中直接影响着师生互动的质量,那么,怎样才能提高参考性问题在英语课堂中的比例呢?首先,教师要加强语言学和外语教学法等理论的学习;其次,教师要多掌握一些提问技巧。国外学者Nunan对大量发问技巧进行了综合,归纳如下:

1.清楚、详细而精确地表述问题,避免模棱两可的发问。

2.提出的问题要适合学生的能力水平。在程度不同的班级里,要用自然、简洁、通俗的语言表述问题,调整词汇和句子结构以符合学生的语言和知识水平。

我国学者胡春洞认为“在提问的难易比例方面,根据学生目前的智力和英语能力,最好是1;3,即一难三易”。他举例说,在课文教学中,Yes/No questions或True/False statements应是Wh-questions的3倍。

3.按照逻辑和循序渐进的原则,避免进行无明确中心和目的的随意发问。

4.提出能鼓励全体(或大多数)学生参与的问题。所提出的问题要能使大部分学生都有参与到学习活动中充分展示自我能力的机会。所设计的问题应有层次之分,难、中、易问题比例要合理。

课堂提问是综合性的教学艺术,它既是教师素质的体现,更是教师教学理念的体现。因此中职英语教师应当有意识的注意自己课堂提问的方式及所提问题的类型,对课堂提问的方式及问题类型做出及时而有效地调整,从而提高课堂问答的质量,从而促进学生思维的发展与语言运用能力的提高,更进一步的提高教学质量。

摘要：本论文采取课堂随机实录和后续访谈的方法,分析了不同中职英语教师在课堂提问的问题类型(参考型问题与展示型问题)方面的使用情况,目的是要探寻不同英语教师不同提问行为背后的教学认识和教学理念,进而进一步揭示提问行为的差异对课堂教学效果和学生发展的影响。

关键词：中职英语教师,课堂提问,问题类型

参考文献

[1]Brock,C.1986.The effects of referential questions on ESL classroom discourse.TESOL Quarterly 20(1),47-59.

[2]Long,M.&C.Sato.1983.Clssroom foreigner talk discourse:Forms and functions of teachers questions.In H.Seliger&M.Long(eds.),Classroom oriented research in second language acquisition.Rowely:Newbury House.pp.268-285

[3]Nunan.Focus on the teacher:Classroom Management and Teacher-Student Interaction In Wu Zongjie Readings for Applied Linguistics and Language Teaching.Zhe Jiang Teacher’s University.

[4]Richards,J.&C.Lockhart.1996.Reflective Teaching in second language classrooms.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

[5]Thompson,G.1997.Training teacher to ask questions.ELT Journal 51(2),99-105.

[6]Thornbury,S.1996.Teachers research teacher talk.ELT Journal50(4),279-289.

[7]孟春国.中职英语教师课堂提问行为研究[J].中小学外语教学,2004,(10).

7.讲话的类型考研英语作文 篇七

一、体验式英语作业的基本特征

1. 创意性。作业内容联系生活，作业形式改变惯有模式，灵活多变，适应学生个体的经验与兴趣。在教授“Animal”一课时，笔者没有就其单词和句型布置作业，而是以“寻找你的动物世界Looking for your animal world”为题，让学生们自行展开。可以去动物园实地考察积累新的词汇，可以从画报剪纸中搜集动物图片，可以自己动手画出喜爱的动物模样，然后以口头或者书面的形式把自己的收获展示出来。实践证明，通过这类作业，学生的实践能力和创新意识得到一定程度的培养，做作业兴趣盎然。

2. 开放性。体验式英语作业打破传统，将作业扩展到室外，超越纸笔形式，多种形式配合，作业内容丰富多样，营造了一个宽松开放的作业环境，提供了多角度考虑问题的机会，有利于学生的语言学习，有利于培养学生的思维品质。例如，上述“寻找你的动物世界Looking for your animal world”，学生的目光不仅仅局限在课堂书本之内，而且转向更广阔的外部空间，通过这次作业，学生们还学习了课本上没有的动物英文单词，如zebra 斑马，giraffe长颈鹿，sea lion海狮，carnivore肉食动物，herbivore食草动物，培养了热爱自然、保护动物的情感。

3. 分享性。完成了体验式英语作业后，学生会在课堂中分享自己的感受，知识和经验随之增长。教师积极的鼓励，适时的提问和总结，可以引导学生将新的知识和观念内化为自身的认知结构。故而，当学生分享了自己的独特的作业之后, 得到的是一些超过自己想象的、与自身不同的额外的知识和技能，再通过教师的引导，结合所学的语言知识，可进行系统性的归纳总结，使学生的认知层面向着更深更广的方向发展，并形成积极的思维和价值观。例如，在教授现在进行时语法点时，笔者将作业布置为“我的一天生活My life in a day”，要求每个学生用现在进行时展现自己一天的生活情况。作业完成后，会发现每个学生都写得很有特色，所用动词不尽相同，这时把学生所写的现在分词拿出来整理，并让他们自己寻找规律，学习的效果非常好。

4. 趣味性。体验式英语作业以学生感兴趣的日常生活为出发点，形式多样，内容丰富多彩，极大地启发了学生学习英语的兴趣，收效甚好。例如，在教授祈使句时，结合实际情况，可让学生用英文祈使句制作家中的“家规卡片”：“Wash your hands before a meal.”“Don’t stay up.”“Do not leave trashes.”通过此次作业，学生不仅普遍掌握了祈使句的用法，而且将所学的语言知识用于日常生活之中，对英语学习的兴趣日渐浓厚。设置作业的趣味性原则在于找到学生的兴趣点，能够激发他们内在的好奇心和成功欲，然后将所学语言知识点结合其中，这样的作业形式，学生容易接受和喜欢，完成效果好，知识掌握得深刻扎实。

5. 实践性。体验式英语作业注重学生实践能力的培养，强调实践，针对学生的个体经验以及经验过程，注重学生直接经验的获取和提升。例如，在教授高年级英语时，为了提升学生实际运用英语的口语能力，笔者布置了“走街串巷”的作业，要求每名学生到繁华的街道上，主动与陌生人（最好是外国人）用英语交流不少于五分钟，用录音设备录下交流过程，并作为作业上交。整个作业完成情况比预期的要好。这种形式具有挑战性，实践感强，符合中小学生好胜心强、敢于尝试新事物的心理。通过这样的作业，不仅强化了学生实际使用语言的能力，而且锻炼了胆识，丰富了生活阅历。

6. 情境性。众所周知，阅读的信息，我们能记得10%，听到的信息，我们能记得20%，但所经历的事情，我们却能记得80%，体验式英语作业就是恰当地结合了如上的认知特点。它往往有两个环节与情境有关。（1）作业的思考阶段。需要学生扫描过去的生活经验，找出与作业切合的相关点，再开始执行。例如“我的一天生活My life in a day”一例，即为学生回忆思考自己日常的生活习惯，然后加以应用完成的作业。（2）作业的进行阶段。这是一个重要的环节，大多体验式作业都是在真实的生活环境下完成的 。例如，上述“寻找你的动物世界Looking for your animal world”，学生们走入真实的动物世界，通过观察、咨询、动手等形式完成作业。它克服了呆板教条的纸笔作业形式的缺点，更加鲜活地体现英语学科的特点。强调身临其境或感同身受，在真实情境中体验完成相关知识的学习。

二、体验式英语作业的主要类型

1. 作品类。作品类作业主要指学生以所学语言知识为基本原料，形式上进行创作加工而产生一定物质形式的智力成果，如著作、词曲、影音等的作业形式。此类作业的目的是要学生树立作品意识，能运用所学知识进行本土化、生活化的加工处理，并促进英语与其他学科的渗透和联系，形成属于学生自己特有的文字或影音作品，从而体验知识带来的完满感和成功感。例如，在一次寒假作业的布置中，笔者要求以“My Book”为题，编写一本属于学生自己的“书”， 除要求句型和语法与课本中一致以外，“书”的形式、内容和篇幅不限，由学生自由想象尽情发挥。汇总发现，完成情况比预期要好上许多：“book”的形式多样，有绘画，有白描，有剪纸；文字内容丰富，既有描写日常生活，又有描绘自身感受。每个学生都倾力打造人生的第一本“专著”，由此带来丰厚的知识积累及生活体验。此外，还可以让学生在家录制自己的影视作品，学生们非常乐于做这样的英文作业。作品类作业要求教师做到指令清楚，创作形式不设限制，灵活多样，充分尊重学生的主体地位、年龄特点及心理特征，发挥学生的个体兴趣和才能，从中激发学生的好奇心并充分体验成功的感觉。

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2. 交际类。交际类作业指学生运用所学知识，通过语言、行为等表达方式与他人的交往，进而达到巩固知识、锻炼能力的目的的作业形式。在讲授“人体各器官”的教学中，笔者布置学生回家给父母演唱儿歌“If You Are Happy”，作业的上交质量以家长的反馈为标准。当学生们唱着“Clap your hands”“Stomp your feet”“Wink your eyes”时，手、脚、眼等身体器官并用，不但加深了单词的记忆，而且增强了和父母亲的情感沟通。布置此类作业首先要考虑是否符合学生的年龄特征，例如低年级的学生可以给父母唱歌，鼓励高年级的学生走到外界与外国人直接对话；其次考虑学生是否对作业产生兴趣，作业完成后，学生是否能从中获得成功感和满足感；再次，尽量营造和谐、尊重、宽容的实施环境，这样交际类的作业方可取得良好的效果。

3. 调查类。调查类作业指学生将日常所见所闻的语言信息搜集整理，然后进行归纳应用，进而内化到自身认知系统的作业形式。这类作业能够促进学生用英语获取、处理和使用信息的能力，扩展文化视野，发展跨文化交际的意识和能力。例如，笔者曾让学生收集一些日常用品的英文说明书、英文广告以及大街小巷里的英文告示牌等。如：“No smoking!”“No Parking!”“Keep off the grass!”通过此类作业，学生不仅能牢记生活中的实用英语，而且为自己发现并学到身边的英语而感到欣喜。如果长期坚持随时记录，对养成良好的英语学习习惯有很好的促进作用。教师布置调查类作业一定要持之以恒，要有规律地进行督促检查，同时要对学生搜集上来的调查信息进行系统整理。在条件允许的情况下，可以建立学生合作小组，设置固定的周期让小组成员之间互相交流成果，这样相互督促，有利于学生之间合作精神以及团队意识的培养。

4. 制作类。制作类作业指学生运用所学知识，通过动手、动脑等形式制作一些与生活息息相关的实物的作业形式。例如，母亲节、教师节等节日来临时，笔者要求学生自制感恩贺卡，并用英文写上真诚的祝福送给妈妈、老师等。学生通常兴致高昂，不仅能运用已学过的祝福语，还摘录并运用其他的语言点，扩充了自己的知识结构，如：“Thank you for everything over the years， Mom.”“Roses are red， violets are blue. This card on Mother’s Day is especially for you.”“I am truly grateful to you for what you have done.”设计此类作业，要让学生手脑并用，要与日常生活紧密联系，否则会给学生枯燥乏味的感觉，甚至感觉陌生而无从下手。还要注意作业的反馈恰到好处，如果作业布置后没有下文，则会挫伤学生参与的积极性，从而无法体验到学习的快乐和成就感。

责任编辑魏文琦

8.讲话的类型考研英语作文 篇八

（1）模版1

Nowadays,there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon that_

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the

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one

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the

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It is quite natural for ________to ponder over the question of whether to _______________.Many _________will choose not to______________,generally for three reasons.On the one hand,___________.On the other hand,______________.Most

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When taking about whether _____________,we will be most surprised to fnd that the present situation is utterly complicated,For one

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If the Chinese people even want to improve their life quality, the problem of __________ has to be solved.With more and more people _______, this problem is becoming more and more serious in terms of scale and scope.First of all,_________.What’s more,__________.Only when all the people stop pursuing personal interests at the price of ________ can we hope to put an end to this unfavorable situation.The _________ is of great importance to every member of our society.As long as the government, society and individuals make joint efforts, a sound solution is not far away.5.分析原因类作文写作模版（1）模版1

_________ is currently becoming a serve problem in China, which happen to ________.So long as ________, ___________ will always unsurprisingly ________.Why does ________ become so rampant? First and foremost,__________.Secondly,_________.Last but not least, ________.As a consequence,___________.（2）模版2

During the last decade, there has been a steady rise in the number of _________.In detail,________.Three reasons, in my mind, account for this social phenomenon.First

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Nowadays,_________ is/are doing great harm to ___________.What are the incentives that drive people to _________? The most important factors should be __________.Furthermore,________.It directly leads to the patent and salient harmfulness that ________.Consequently, it is high time that the whole society should contribute to the collective efforts to put an end to ________.6.图表类写作模版

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_________,___________.Then,_________.Last,__________.In contrast, by _________,__________.There are many reasons accounting for _________.Firstly, _________.Secondly,__________.Finally,_________.As a result,_________.As far as I am concerned,_________.For one thing,__________.For another,________.In brief, I hold that__________.（2）模版2

What is shown in the chart / graph / diagram / table above indicates that in recent years, more and more people pay attention to _________.The number of those who _________ has increased ________, and furthermore,____________.There are two factors responsible for the changes.In the first place,_________.Moreover,__________.Yet, it is noticeable that __________.From the analysis, we can safely draw the conclusion that__________.It is possible that in the future, the tendency will__________.（3）模版3

As is shown in the chart / graph / diagram / table above, __________ has charged drastically in the past _________.While ___________,now the percentage of__________ is __________.Meanwhile, the number of _________ has soared up to ________.There are mainly two possible reasons contributing to the rapid changes.The first is that _________.Secondly,__________.In my point of view, the changes have a great influence on _________.At the same time,_______.To sum

up ,_________.7．应用文写作模版（1）建议信 Dear ________，I’m very ___________ to know / learn that __________.I am writing to voice my suggestions / proposals / views concerning _________.In my opinion,_________.On the on hand,__________.On the other hand,__________.As to _________, I would like to suggest / recommend that __________, because __________.It would be __________.In addition,___________.I am sure that __________.Please inform me of your feedback on __________.I am looking forward to __________.Truly yours，_________（2）投诉信 Dear __________，My name is __________, and I am __________.I venture to write you a letter about __________.The focus of the complaint is _________.For on thing,___________.For another,__________.Under these circumstances, I found / find it __________.Honestly speaking, _________.In addition,__________.All in all, there is still much room for improvement.I do hope _________.Thank you for your time and kind consideration.I am sure the above problems,with your help,will be solved soon.Sincerely yours，（３）拒绝信 Dear_____________, Thank

you

very

much

for_____________.To

be

honest,______________.However,the current situation does not allow me to do this.This has been a difficult decision for me,but I have to do this.On

the

one

hand,____________.On

the

other hand,______________.In view

of

these,I

regret

that_____________.I hope this does not bring you much

inconvenience.I feel very sorry to disappoint you.If___________,I will ______________.I do appreciate your________.Meanwhile,I wish___________.Sincerely yours

_______________(4)祝贺信 Dear_______，I have just learnt that___________.I hasten to tender you a word of congratulations on this splendid success of________.It is indeed a remarkable thing for _________.The success of your________proves not

only____________,but

also___________.Again,please accept my warm congratulations and please give

my best wishes to______________.Sincerely _______________(5)道歉信 Dear___________，more information,fell free to contact me at any time by

yours，and I am looking forward to hearing from you.Sincerely yours, the details of_____________.Your participation is very important because_____________.The ____________will begin at____________.We do hope drop us a line before_________?Thank you very much.calling_____________.Thank you for your kind consideration

that you can make it.If not,would it be possible for you to

Best wishes.I am terribly sorry to tell you that_________,and I am writing this letter to show my deep regret.Please accept my sincere apology with gratitude.I hope you will understand my situation and excuse me for___________.The reason why__________is that__________.Under that circumstance,____________.Therefore,it was not my power to_______________.If possible,I would like to suggest that___________.I shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me___________.I am looking forward to seeing you again.Yours

________(6)申请信 Dear_______, My name is ________,and I_________.I am writing to____________.I will be very grateful if my application can be considered and accepted.There are several factors contributing to my application.First of all,_________.Besides,__________.furthermore,___________.Therefore,_________.I sincerely hope you will grant me _____________.If you need

_____________(7)求职信 Dear___________，I am _______and I would like to apply for the position of___________posted on________.I have attacheda copy of my resume for consideration.I believe my qualifications are ideal match for your requirements.I am a major in_______,and I will graduate in___________.In addition to

my experience of_____________,I_____________.I believe my education

and

experience__________.You

will

find

me

to

be____________.I would appreciate your time in reviewing

my enclosed resume and if there is any additional information you require, please feel free to contact me.It would be great if you give me an opportunity to meet you for interview.Best regards.__________(8)邀请信

Dear____________，____________at/in__________on_______________.It would be a great pleasure to have you attend this event.I

am

sure

that

you

will

be

interested

in_______.First,____________.Second,_______.Enclosed is

________________(9)感谢信 Dear_________，I am writing this letter to express my sincere gratitude for___________.Had it not been for your assistance in ___________,I

fear

that

___________may

not

have____________.I’d like you to know that your help __________.It not only____________,but also__________.I shall always remember__________.I hope that I will have the opportunity of returning your hospitality by inviting you to ______.Will you kindly let me know whether you____________?I am looking forward to seeing you soon！

Again,I would like to express my thanks to.Please accept my

appreciation

and

pass

my

best

wishes

on

to

____________

.I

hope to hear from you soon.Yours，_______________(10)慰问信 Dear___________，I read from today’s newspaper about recent_________and I am writing to extend my deepest condolences.It broke my heart to______________.I could not believe my eyes when_________,and I am really worried about you and your_________I am crossing my fingers for you now in hope that________.I can imagine how difficult it must be for you , and I want to let you know that you have my full support.We are donating money and necessities to______.Please let me know if I can help you with anything else.I feel extrenely sorry for the tragedy,and I am convinced that you will overcome the difficulty and embrace a better life.Sincere yours，____________-(11)倡议书 Dear__________, I am writing this letter to call on_（号召）________.As some of you may know,________.In face,________.It is necessary for us to________.On

the

one hand,__________.On the other hand,_________.Hesce, it is high time________.Firstly，we

should _____________.Secondly,_______________.Please contact us via_________.Please join us in the effort to __________.Thank you for your paiticipation~

Sincerely，____________(12)活动海报

Under the auspices of__________,______________will be held _______________.T he activity aims to__________.The arrangements are as follows.Firsr

of

all,______________.After

that,________In

addition,_____________.Anyone who is interested in the activity is welcome to _____________-.Please contact us through____________.We are earnestly looking forward to our active participation!