法语介词的用法详解(精选2篇)
1.介词with的主要用法 篇一
如:(1)I like living in aroom with two windows.
我喜欢住在带有两个窗子的房间里。
(2)He is a little man with thick glasses.
他是个矮个的、戴着深度眼镜的男人。
2.(表示工具、手段)意为“以……”、“用……”。
如:(1)We listen with our ears.我们用耳朵听。
(2)I’m going to travel abroad with the money.我将用这些钱去国外旅游。
(3)The little boy is writing with a pencil.这个小男孩正在用铅笔写字。
3.(表示跟随)意为“和……在一起”。
如:(1)Would you like to go swimming with us?你愿意和我们一起去游泳吗?
(2)He is staying with his uncle.他和他的叔叔住在一起。
4.(表示时间)意为“与……同时,随着”。
如:With these words,he went out.他说完这些话出去了。
5.(表原因)意为“由于,因为”。
如:(1)My mother is in bed with a bad cold.我母亲得了感冒,卧病在床。
(2)She jumped with joy when hearing the news.当她听到这个消息,高兴地跳了起来。
6.(表示用以填充、覆盖等的东西)意为“用,以,被”。
如:(1)The supermarket is crowded with shoppers.超市里挤满了购物者。
(2)The hills were covered with snow.山上覆盖着雪。
7.with后跟名词/代词+介词短语/副词/形容词/现在分词/过去分词等,这种复合结构在句中作定语或状语,作状语时可表示伴随的状况或原因。
▲作定语
(1)China is an old country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的古老国家。
(2)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.怀里抱着婴儿的那位妇女是我姐姐。
(3)I live in the house with the lights on.我住在那座亮着灯的房子里。
(4)My aunt lives in the room with the window facing south.我阿姨住在那间窗户朝南开的房间里。
▲作状语
(1)My uncle usually sleeps with his eyes half open.我叔叔通常半睁着眼睛睡觉。
(2)You should read with the radio off.你看书的时候应该把收音机关掉。
(3)The teacher came in with a book in her hand.老师手里拿着一本书,走了进来。
(4)With his homework done.the boy ran out for a swim.作业做完后,那男孩跑出去游泳了。
8.with与and不同,with是介词,它后面若接代词,应用宾格;and是连词,它后面若接代词且作主语,就用主格,作宾语就用宾格。
如:(1)Jim goes to school with me every day.杰姆每天和我一起上学。
(2)Jack and I do our homework every day.我和杰克每天一起做作业。
(3)Please look after your sister and him.请照顾你妹妹和他。
即学即练:
请在空格处填上适合的内容。
1.老师进来了,脸上带着微笑。
The teacher came in,_______ _______ ________on her face.
2.Smith太太是一位大眼睛长头发的妇女。
Mrs Smith is________ ________ ________big eyes_______long hair.
3.你看到一本蓝封面的词典了吗?
Have you_______a_______ _______a blue cover?
4.我喜欢开着收音机做作业。
I like doing homework_______ _______ ________ ________.
5.那个可怜的妇女背上背着一个婴儿,穿过了街道。
The poor woman walked_______the street________ ______ _______ ______her back.
Keys:1.with a smile 2.a woman with,and 3.seen,dictionary with 4.with the radio on 5.across.with a baby on
2.介词without用法总结 篇二
1. (表否定)没有,无,不需。如:
The letter was posted without a stamp. 那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了。
We got there without any trouble. 我们到了那儿,一路上没遇到任何麻烦。
You’ll get wet if you go out in the rain without an umbrella. 雨天外出不带伞会淋湿的。
I suddenly realized I’d come out without any money.
我突然意识到,我一点儿钱也没带就出来了。
2. (用在no, not, never等否定副词之后,强调肯定)没有……不,没有……则不能……,每……必定……。如:
You can’t get rich without taking risks. 人不冒险不富。
The old man cannot walk without a stick. 那位老先生离开手杖就走不了路。
Don’t go out without a coat; you’ll catch a cold. 别不穿外套出去,会感冒的。
I never think of him without seeing this picture. 每次看到这张照片,我都会想起他。
3. (与v-ing形式连用)不,无,没。如:
She entered the room without knocking. 她没敲门就进了房间。
It goes without saying that health is above wealth. 健康胜于财富这个道理是无需多说的。
They had to stand for hours without changing position. 他们得一动不动地站几个小时。
It wasn’t very polite of you to serve yourself without asking.
不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的。
4. (表条件)若无,若非。如:
I don’t like to go to a country without knowing something of the language.
我要是不懂得一点那个国家的语言,就不想到那个国家去。
Without water, we cannot live. 没有水,我们就活不了。
Can you see without your glasses? 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗?
二、作表语的用法
without引出的介词短语通常用作状语,但有时也可用作表语。如:
She is completely without shame. 她恬不知耻。
My investigations were without result. 我的调查毫无结果。
The houses in this village are without tap water. 这个村子里家家户户都没有自来水。
We were without electricity for three hours but it’s on again now.
我们的电停了3小时,现在又有了。
三、后接复合宾语的用法
without后接复合宾语的常用结构如下:
1. without+宾语+副词。如:
I’d be lost without you here. 没有你在这儿,我会一筹莫展。
I’m very nearsighted without my glasses on. 我要是不戴眼镜近视得厉害。
2. without+宾语+介词短语。如:
We’d be better off without them as neighbors. 要是没有他们做邻居,我们就过得更愉快了。
I don’t like sweet coffee; I like it better without sugar in it.
我不喜欢加糖的咖啡,我更喜欢咖啡不加糖。
3. without+宾语+动名词。如:
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 无人注意,他从窗户溜了出去。
They debated for hours without a decision being taken. 他们争论了几个小时,也没作出决定。
4. without+宾语+不定式。如:
Without anyone to help, how can we go on? 没有人帮忙,我们怎么能进行下去?
It was boring to sit there without anything to do. 无所事事地坐在那里太无聊了。
5. without+宾语+过去分词。如:
Without another word exchanged, they started off. 没有再交谈一句,他们就出发了。
四、用于虚拟语气
without有时可表示条件,引出虚拟语气,与but for大致同义。如:
Without(But for) appropriate software, a computer would be a mere box.
如果没有合适的软件,电脑只是一个空盒子罢了。
Without(But for) you, our project wouldn’t have succeeded.
如果没有你的话,我们的计划就无法成功了。
Life would be quieter without the telephone. 要是没有电话,生活就会清静一些了。
Without your advice I would have failed. 假若没有你的劝告,我想必已失败了。
五、without A and B与without A or B
两者基本同义,相当于without A and without B,即同时否定A、B两者。如:
We were cast away by the storm on an island without food or water.
我们因风暴而流落在一个小岛上,没有食物,也没有淡水。
I found myself in a strange place without money or friends.
我发现自己身处一个陌生的地方,既无钱财,又无朋友。
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