中英文安全责任书（8篇）
1.中英文安全责任书 篇一
梦想与责任（中英文对照）
I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work--that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star.Chances are you’re not going to be any of those things.我知道有时候你会从电视上得到这样的印象：你不用做任何艰苦的工作就能发财致富并取得成功，唱小调、打篮球或成为真人秀明星是走向成功的途径。但实际情况是：你可能不会成为其中的一员。
The truth is, being successful is hard.You won’t love every subject that you study.You won’t click with every teacher that you have.Not every homework assignment will seem completely relevant to your life right at this minute.And you won’t necessarily succeed at everything the first time you try.事实上，取得成功不是轻而易举的事情。你不会喜欢你学习的每一门课目。你不会与你的每一位老师都很投契。不是所有的家庭作业似乎都与你眼前的生活完全有关。你第一次尝试做每件事的时候，不一定成功。
That’s okay.Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who’ve had the most failures.J.K.Rowling’s--who wrote Harry Potter--her first Harry Potter book was rejected 12 times before it was finally published.Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team.He lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots during his career.But he once said, “I have failed over and over and over again in my life.And that’s why I succeed.”
这些都没关系。世界上最成功的人士中有一些是遭遇失败最多的人。作者J•K•罗琳（J.K.Rowling）所写的系列小说《哈利•波特》（Harry Potter）第一部在获得出版之前被退稿12次。迈克尔•乔丹（Michael Jordan）曾被他的高中篮球队除名。在乔丹的篮球生涯中，他输过数百场比赛，有成千上万个球没有投中。但他曾说过：“在我的一生中，我失败了一次又一次、一次又一次。这就是我成功的原因。”
These people succeeded because they understood that you can’t let your failures define you--you have to let your failures teach you.You have to let them show you what to do differently the next time.So if you get into trouble, that doesn’t mean you’re a troublemaker, it means you need to try harder to act right.If you get a bad grade, that doesn’t mean you’re stupid, it just means you need to spend more time studying.这些人士获得成功，因为他们懂得：你不能让失败来限制你，而必须让失败来开导你。你必须让失败向你展示下次如何以不同的方式去做这件事情。因此，如果你遇到麻烦，那并不表示你是麻烦的制造者，而意味着你需要更加努力去把它做对。如果你有一门课分数低，那不表示你比别人笨，而只表示你需要花更多的时间学习。No one’s born being good at all things.You become good at things through hard work.You’re not a varsity athlete the first time you play a new sport.You don’t hit every note the first time you sing a song.You’ve got to practice.The same principle applies to your schoolwork.You might have to do a math problem a few times before you get it right.You might have to read something a few times before you understand it.You definitely have to do a few drafts of a paper before it’s good enough to hand in.没有一个人天生擅长做各种事情。你通过勤奋而变得擅长于各种事情。第一次从事新的体育项目时，你不可能是一位主力队员。第一次唱一首歌曲时，你不可能唱准每个音。你必须练习。同样的道理适用于你的学业。你可能要把一道数学题做几次才把它做对。你可能要把一些材料阅读几遍才能理解。在交出一篇优美的作文之前，你肯定需要打几遍草稿。
Don’t be afraid to ask questions.Don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it.I do that every day.Asking for help isn’t a sign of weakness, it’s a sign of strength because it shows you have the courage to admit when you don’t know something, and that then allows you to learn something new.So find an adult that you trust--a parent, a grandparent or teacher, a coach or a counselor--and ask them to help you stay on track to meet your goals.不要害怕提问。不要在需要帮助时害怕请求别人帮助。我天天请求别人的帮助。请求帮助不是软弱的表现，它是力量的标志，因为它表明你有勇气承认自己对某些事情不懂，这样做会使你学到新的东西。因此，请确定一位你信任的成年人，例如家长、祖父母或老师、教练或辅导员，请他们帮助你遵循既定计划实现你的目标。
And even when you’re struggling, even when you’re discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up on you, don’t ever give up on yourself, because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country.即使当你苦苦挣扎、灰心丧气、感到其他人对你不抱希望时，也不要对你自己丧失信心，因为当你自暴自弃时，你也抛弃了自己的国家。
The story of America isn’t about people who quit when things got tough.It’s about people who kept going, who tried harder, who loved their country too much to do anything less than their best.书写美国历史的不是在困难时刻退缩的人，而是坚持不懈、加倍努力的人，他们对国家的爱促使他们全力以赴。
It’s the story of students who sat where you sit 250 years ago, and went on to wage a revolution and they founded this nation.Young people.Students who sat where you sit 75 years ago who overcame a Depression and won a world war;who fought for civil rights and put a man on the moon.Students who sat where you sit 20 years ago who founded Google and Twitter and Facebook and changed the way we communicate with each other.书写美国历史的是250年前坐在你们的位置上的学生，他们后来进行了独立战争并创建了这个国家。还有75年前坐在你们的位置上的年轻人和学生，他们走出了大萧条并打赢了一场世界大战；他们为民权而奋斗并把宇航员送上了月球。至于20年前坐在你们的位置上的学生，他们创办了谷歌（Google）、叽喳网（Twitter）和脸谱网（Facebook），改变了我们交流沟通的方式。
So today, I want to ask all of you, what’s your contribution going to be? What problems are you going to solve? What discoveries will you make? What will a President who comes here in 20 or 50 or 100 years say about what all of you did for this country? 而今天，我要问问你们大家，你们将做出什么贡献？你们将解决什么问题？你们将有什么发现？20年、50年或100年后来到这里讲话的总统将会怎样评价你们大家为这个国家所做的一切？
Now, your families, your teachers, and I are doing everything we can to make sure you have the education you need to answer these questions.I’m working hard to fix up your classrooms and get you the books and the equipment and the computers you need to learn.But you’ve got to do your part, too.So I expect all of you to get serious this year.I expect you to put your best effort into everything you do.I expect great things from each of you.So don’t let us down.Don’t let your family down or your country down.Most of all, don’t let yourself down.Make us all proud.你们的家人、你们的老师和我正在竭尽全力保证你们接受必要的教育，以便回答上述问题。我正在努力工作，以便你们的教室得到修缮，你们能够得到学习所需的课本、设备和电脑。但你们也必须尽自己的努力。因此，我希望你们大家从今年起认真对待这个问题。我希望你们尽最大努力做好每一件事。我希望你们每个人都有出色的表现。不要让我们失望。不要让你们的家人或你们的国家失望。而最重要的是，不要辜负你们自己，而要让我们都能[为你们]感到骄傲
Thank you very much, everybody.God bless you.God bless America.Thank you.(Applause.)非常感谢你们大家。愿主保佑你们。愿主保佑美国。谢谢你们
2.中英文安全责任书 篇二
How do social movements change institutions?
A ‘coordinated collective action form’ (Touraine, 1969;Zald and Berger, 1978) can be identified as a new social movement if it satisfies four features: having a collective identity, sharing individual resources in the pursuit of a common purpose, aiming to change existing institutions, and providing a new orientation for society.In a given organizational field (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983) , institutions provide guidance on how actors should behave in the field (Friedland and Alford, 1991) .The concept of organizational field has been widely developed by institutional theorists.DiMaggio and Powell (1983) defined it as organizations that, in the aggregate, constitute a recognized area of institutional life:key suppliers, resource and product consumers, regulatory agencies, and other organizations that produce similar services or products.
Social movements aim at transforming existing institutions.They have been traditionally designed to change institutions by opposing them from the outside.To do so, they first de-institutionalize the existing beliefs, norms, and values embedded in the current form.Then, they create new forms that instantiate new beliefs, norms, and values.Hence, social movements have been theorized as ‘protest movements’, which rally challengers against existing institutions by adopting an ‘outsider’ position.This relates to the traditional view of institutions as a punctuated equilibrium disturbed by exogenous jolts.The Civil Rights Movements (Andrews, 2001) and the Suffragette Movement (McCammon et al., 2001) are examples.
More recently, social movement theorists have acknowledged that social movements can also emerge among the organizational field (Fligstein, 1996, 2001) .For example, Rao et al. (2003) explored how social movements underlined re-institutionalization in certain professions.They demonstrated how the Nouvelle Cuisine movement (re) shaped the institutional logics and role identities of French cuisine.In this case, social movements gather ‘insider challengers’ who rely on existing institutions and hitherto aim to theorize, articulate, and combine new projects or practices with prevalent arrangements.Contrary to traditional social movements, these movements aim to change existing institutions not by opposing them from the outside, but by transforming them from the inside.This internal change can rely on a compromise approach or a conflicting approach between incumbents and challengers.Lastly, a social movement can gather both outsider and insider challengers.Notably, this is the case for the French SRI movement which, while emerging within the asset management field, has implicated challengers from outside organizations, such as NGOs and trade unions.
The key success factors of a social movement
The impact of a social movement on institutions often hinges on how it forms new organizations and shapes collective identities.McAdam et al. (1996) identified three key factors mobilized by challengers to succeed, usually known as a resource mobilization
perspective:
1.The mobilizing structures that refer to the organizational forms (formal and informal) available to the challengers.
2.The political opportunity structures (and associated constraints) , which provides the context to challengers.
3.The framing processes defined as the collective processes of interpretation, attribution, and social construction, which mediate opportunity and action.
According to social movement theorists, challengers must frame the issues they defend in order to make them resonate with the ideologies, identities, and cultural meanings of potential supporters of the movement, namely among the incumbents (Benford and Snow, 2000) .The concept of frame refers to the work of Goffman who defines it as an ‘interpretative scheme’, which helps actors reduce socio-cultural complexity in order to perceive, interpret, and act in a socially efficient way (Goffman, 1974) .The framing of a social movement relates to its strategic creation and manipulation of shared meanings, world interpretations, and problems.Therefore, framing is a cognitive mechanism, which affects how people perceive the interests, identities, and possibilities for social change (Campbell, 1988) .It relies on the mobilizing and political opportunity structures available to the challengers.
参考文献
Adler, P. A. and P. Adler: 1987, Membership Roles in Field Research ( Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA)
Andrews, K. T. : 2001, ‘Social Movements and Policy Implementation:The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement and the War on Poverty, 1965 to 1971’, American Sociological Review 66 ( 1) , 71 - 95
Annan, K. : 2005, The Principles for Responsible Investment ( UNEP - Fi-nance Initiatives Publications)
Azoulay, O. and V. Zeller: 2006, ISR: strate'gie de‘‘niche’’ou‘‘ma-instream’’? [SRI: A‘Niche’or a‘Mainstream’Strategy?]. Revue d’Econ-omie Financie`re 85, 191 - 208
Barker, R. S. : 1990, Political Legitimacy and the State ( Oxford UniversityPress, New York)
Benford, R. D. and D. A. Snow: 2000, ‘Framing Processes and SocialMovements: An Overview and Assessment’, Annual Review of Sociology 26, 611 - 639
3.江西省下达农产品质量安全责任书 篇三
责任书明确了主要责任：农产品质量安全实行属地管理责任制。明确了责任目标：确保本辖区不发生重大农产品质量安全事件。在食用农产品生产、养殖过程中，禁止使用国家禁用农药、兽药和其他有毒有害物质；农产品生产企业、市级以上农民合作社示范社全部实现生产有记录，并对其生产经营的农产品抽检覆盖面达100%以上；在部、省级农产品质量安全监测中，全年平均合格率达96%以上；在全省监测中发现的不合格农产品查处率达100%；农产品质量安全投诉受理率、查处率达到100%。
责任书明确提出，属地管理责任落实不到位、不按要求配备人财物的、未完成责任目标的，在部、省级农产品质量安全抽查监测中发现3次及以上禁用或其他有毒有害物质的，实行上级负责人对下级主要负责人的约谈制度和上级监管部门对市、县政府的情况通报制度。对出现重大农产品质量安全事件的，不仅要追究当事人的责任，还要倒查追究相关责任人的领导责任。
（摘自《江西日报》，2014-07-29）
4.英文演讲稿：诚信与责任 篇四
good morning everybody.it is true that most of us value honesty highly.however, nowadays we often confront confidence crisis such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities and so on.i think that we should be honest because being honest is not only beneficial to ourselves but also to others and the whole society.the reasons can be listed as follows.firstly, only honest people can be truly respected by the others and can make more friends over a long period of time.secondly, honesty, which is the traditional virtue of the chinese people, can make our life easier and more harmonious.thirdly, honesty can make our society more stable.a case in point is that singapore, a society featuring trustworthiness and integrity, has a comparatively low criminal rate.responsbility can be understood in many ways.for the parents , they have had the responsibility for caring for and fostering their children since the birth of their baby.for teachers,both in kindergartens and colleges,they also should be responsible for the study and life of their students,that is to say,teahers are the second parents of children somewhile.for us,as a friend of others,it is our responsibility to help our friends when they are in trouble or faced with difficulties.each one has the different responsibily based on their roles but we must take it for granted that we are responsible for the society.that is all ,thank you.
5.中英文安全责任书 篇五
北师大朝阳附中毕业典礼演讲稿
――梦想与责任
演讲者：Top Speaker英文演讲班
Ben: Hello, everyone. It’s my honor to talk about dream and responsibility. My dream is to work in the field of AI, artificial intelligence. AI has been widely used in many walks of life nowadays. Have you ever heard the news that the world champion of go, Kejie, was defeated by arobot, Alpha Go. It is proved that AI is highly intelligent and efficient. Ifwe used it well, the world would be a better place for every mankind.
“we have the most dedicated teachers, the mostsupportive parents, and the best school in my mind ---but none of them will matter unless we fulfill our responsibilities, unless we do the hard work ittakes to succeed.” That’s what I want to say today: we should be responsiblefor our own education.
Ben: 大家好，今天我非常荣幸和大家分享我们对梦想和责任的看法。我的梦想是成为一名人工智能工程师。人工智能现在已经在各行各业中得到了广泛的应用。你们听说过机器人AlphaGo击败世界围棋冠军柯洁的新闻吗？人工智能高效专业，如果运用的好，世界将变得更加美好。
我们有最敬业的老师，最尽力的家长和我心中最好的学校――但如果我们不履行自己的责任，不为成功付出努力。那么这一切都毫无意义。我今天想说的是，我们每个人要对自己的教育负责。
Ben: Hi, I heard you would be a scientist in the future, Annie?
Annie: Yes, my dream is to be a scientist. I hope that one day Ican make a spaceship for my country although the way won’t be easy I know. So it’s not only my dream and my future, but also the dream and future of our country. We have the responsibility to make our country better and stronger to meet the great challenges in the future. It’s also Chinese Dream to everyone.
Annie:是的，我的梦想是成为一名科学家，我希望能够为国家制造航天飞机。尽管我知道道路是曲折的，但我明白这不仅仅是我个人的梦想和未来，更是国家的.梦想和未来。我们有责任让中国更加强大，去迎接未来的挑战。我的梦也是中国梦。
Alex：My dream is not so concrete like yours. My dream is to make gender notas a barrier for everyone, that is, men and women should be equal. In China, there are still hundreds and thousands of girls who cannot receive education. I hope they can go into schools and sit in the classrooms like us today. We should cherish our opportunity being educated in such a wonderful environment.We should take the responsibility to learn and work hard, dear fellow students！
Alex：我的梦想不像你们的那么具体。我的梦想是不让性别成为障碍，即:要实现男女平等。在中国现在仍然有许多女童因为性别原因不能接受教育。我希望她们可以走进学校，坐在窗明几亮的教室里和我们一样学习。我们应该珍惜如此优质的学习环境，我们有责任去努力，去奋发图强, 亲爱的同学们！
Rain: I totally agree with you, Alex. In our daily life, we should be compassionate and careful enough to help our friends, just like Confucius said “Don’t fail to do good even if it is small.” we also need the knowledge and problem-solving skills we learn to cure diseases like cancer and Ebola. It’s our responsibility.
Rain: 对，我完全赞同。在平时的生活中，我们需要有爱心和耐心去帮助周围的朋友，正如孔子所言“勿以善小而不为”。我们需要努力学习，找到途径去治疗癌症，埃博拉等等现在人类还无法攻克的顽疾。这是我们的责任。
Jason: we will get strength and power through learning. The greater power means the greater responsibilities. We should help people who are struggling in poverty and homelessness. It’s our responsibility.
Jason: 我们将会从学习中汲取力量。力量越大责任也越大。我们要帮助那些还挣扎在贫困线上的人们，那些无家可归的人们。这是我们的责任。
Vanesa: right! We learn not only for ourselves or our families, but for others and for ourcountry. We have the responsibility to be creative and initiative to boost our economy and protect our environment. We have the responsibility to be altruists and say no to “egoism”. It’s our responsibility.
Vanesa: 对，我们不仅仅为了自己和家人而学习，我们还为了帮助别人，为了国家而学习。我们有责任发挥聪明才智、进取精神发展经济，保护环境。我们有责任对“精致的利己主义”说不，选择利他。这是我们的使命。
Lisa: Let us be courageous to take our responsibilities. “There is no excuse that says: “that’s just how things are done there.” We should be the last people to accept it, and the first to change it.” Yes, we can change the world through knowledge-learning, through hard-working and through our great efforts.
Lisa: 让我们勇于承担肩负的责任。不要说“现状无法改变”，我们应该是那个最后接受而最早行动起来的人。是的，我们能够改变世界，我们能够通过知识、勤奋和努力改变世界。
Stephanie: I know it won’t be easy, but the best education we’ve received now and we will receive in the future gives us opportunities that we are the uniquely qualified and responsible, to build a better world for everyone.
Stephanie: 我知道这并不容易，但是我们现在和将来所要接受的教育会让我们变成合格的，有责任感的最佳人选。我们会努力的！会让这个世界变得更加美好！
Stephanie: Dear fellow graduates,congratulates and best wishes for all of you! 亲爱的学哥学姐们，在今天的毕业典礼上，我们英文演讲班的同学为你们送上最诚挚美好的祝福:
Rain: to hold on your dreams!
Annie: to meet the challenge!
Alex: to work hard !
Rain: to take the responsibility!
Jason: to help others!
Vanesa: to be creative!
Lisa: to have courage!
All: 祝你们前程似锦，永怀梦想，向前奔跑！
6.中英文安全责任书 篇六
Rules & Regulations on the safety of guests1、入住登记时，请出示有效证件。来访宾客未经酒店同意，请勿在酒店留宿过夜
Please produce valid identification when registering and checking in at the hotel Visitors of guests who have not been registered with the hotel.Guest who may disregard this advice will do so at their own risk.2、请把个人贵重物品或大额现金放入酒店免费提供的贵重物品保险箱中，否则，如有遗失，本酒店恕不负责
Please place your personal valuables or any large amount of cash in the safety deposit box complimentary provided by the hotel.guests who may disregard this advice will do so at their own risk.3、外出时，请将门锁卡放于总台
Upon leaving your room when you go out of the hotel, please remember to return the keycard to the front desk4、任何易燃、易爆、易腐蚀及可能会带来危险的物品一律不得带入酒店。吸烟时应注意将烟头和火柴梗投入烟灰缸内。禁止在床上吸烟
Any materials of an inflammable, explosive, corrosive nature or those which may cause safety hazards are prohibited for keep by guests on the hotel premises.Smoker guests are advised to have their Extinguished cigarette stubs and matchsticks placed in the ashtrays provided in their rooms and to refrain from smoking when lying in bed5、除了电吹风和电动剃须刀外，其它任何电器均不能在房间内使用。禁止在酒店区域内燃放烟花、爆竹等危险物品
With the exception of hair-dryer and shaver please refrain from and kind of electrical appliances in your room, the setting off of firecrackers or any other king of fireworks is prohibited within the Compound of the hotel6、宠物一律不得带入酒店内
NO guests are allowed to bring pets or animals into the hotel7、会客时间08：30—23：30，逾期应在总台办理入住登记手续
Visitors and relatives of guests are requested to go through the formalities of registering with the front desk reception should they wish to go up to the guestrooms or to stay overnight.visiting hours:08：30—23：308、客房内严禁进行赌博、贩毒、吸毒、卖淫嫖娼等活动
Illegal activities such as gambling, smuggling, narcotic trafficking or prostitution are strictly prohibited9、请保持周围环境安静，请勿醺酒高声叫喊打扰
Excessive noises from shouting, talking and banging of walls that cause public disturbance are prohibited.10、在客房内除睡眠休息以外，请宾客勿作他用
Furniture and electrical appliances in the guest rooms are not to be moved around.11、客房内布置的家具和电器设备请勿随意移动
You are requested not to bring food and beverage into the guest room from the outside.(except those catered by the hotel)
12、当你入住客房时，务必请熟悉楼道安全门的位置与房门后的“火灾疏散示意图”以便万一发生火灾时能
安全撤离；若发生火情、火灾请及时拨打酒店报警电话“6666”，服从酒店服务员的安排、指挥。security warning: In case of fire, please call the hotel fire alarm call “6666” , subject to arrangements for hotel
7.中英文安全责任书 篇七
从一般意义来定义,责任就是一个人对工作、群体、及社会应尽的义务的自觉状态。其内涵有三个方面内容,第一是有担当意愿和担当能力,第二是份内应做好的事情,第三是行为取向应有利于他人、有利于社会。也就是承担应当承担的任务,完成应当完成的使命,做好应当做好的工作。可是每个人对“应当”往往把握不准,或者缩小责任范围,造成责任“死角”,影响组织整体功能的发挥;或者私自扩大自己责任范围,承担自己不能承担的责任,影响组织整体协调性。责任感是衡量一个人精神素质的重要指标。
在安全生产领域,责任就是做好现在进行的工作,保证工作质量和速度,而不付出安全代价。对管理者来说必须再加上高一层次的责任内容,建立并保证安全责任体系良好运转[1],就是通过管理者的主动践行,承担今天的责任同时,还要为明天负责,为他人投入工作创造良好的安全条件,使得继续工作的人员不付出安全代价而能顺利地开展工作[2,3]。责任具有双向性[4],对应尽的预前负责义务,也要承担预后可能发生的后果,预前义务尽职越多,预后后果越小。
1 责任扩散与上移
在安全管理实践中,很多人都可能注意到两种逃责的现象,我们先把它们命名为“责任扩散”和“责任上移”,这两种现象本质都属于推托责任的范畴,对组织的整体职能发挥都能产生负面作用,在实际管理中必须给予足够的重视。
在实际安全管理中很多管理者都会抱怨“这件事情我已经给他们讲清楚了,可是他们还是出事情(事故)了”,或者“文件、规程规定都非常明确,可是没有人去认真执行,最终酿成事故”,“这些事项和要求在上次会议上都已经交待”等等。这些现象都表明管理者在实施管理的过程中没有注意到“责任扩散”的问题[5]。
美国心理学家约翰·达利和比布·拉塔内曾做过一项实验。他们邀请一批大学生坐在一个房间里填写问卷,当烟雾从通风口进入房间时,所有事先安排好的“其他人”都对此视而不见,镇定自若地继续填写问卷。90%的大学生会效仿他们,哪怕烟雾已经浓到令自己看不见东西甚至咳嗽的地步。但如果让一名实验对象单独呆在房间里,一旦遇到相同的事情,几乎所有人都会报告紧急情况。
这是一项重要的发现:其他人的无动于衷会让我们低估自身安全受到的威胁。即使在自身处于危险的时候,仍然希望别人处理危险,人们似乎总是会保持推卸责任的本性。这应该是“责任分散”人的心理原因。
上个世纪60年代,《纽约时报》报道一名叫姬蒂·吉诺维斯的女子工作后返回家中,被一人拳打脚踢。事发现场共有32名现场目击者,没人相助。报警延迟,在警察尚未赶到时,吉诺维斯已经死亡。该事件造成了巨大的社会影响。心理学家比布·拉塔内和约翰·达利开始研究关于当他人需要帮助时我们该如何做的问题。他们认为,如果一个极端事件的围观者众多时,目击者往往会无作为,没有任何一个人会感到自己应对一起事件负唯一的责任,都在观察他人的举动,希望是别人首先站出来,危及邻近(near misses)信息传播错乱是导致事故的重要原因[5,6]。
当一个必须要解决的问题面对很多人都可以处理时,这个问题往往被耽误,而只面对一个责任体时,这个问题反而能够快速处理。在企业安全管理的实践中,为什么安全责任难以落实,就是管理人员在实施安全责任管理过程中没有注意到这样一个事实。没有明确的主体责任绑定时,有的人在一定程度上会失去他的责任感。在现实当中突出表现为事故发生前,对频繁出现的一些事故信息(near misses)漠视,很少有人关心小问题反映出因管理不到位而导致的责任缺失,忽视了预前责任管理;在事故发生后人们却可以找到完整的事故演绎路径和责任缺失环节;采取的措施往往突出了“失败学习”的效果。责任绑定的方式是解决安全生产中责任扩散、减少责任缺失的一个重要视角。
2000年某电力(能源)公司下级单位接连发生了两次重大事故,分析发现,在事故的背后存在严重的各级管理人员责任心不强、调查处理事故不彻底、整改措施不到位,甚至有弄虚作假的行为。为了减少和杜绝管理人员这种不良作风的蔓延,公司领导要求各基层单位将每天发生的不安全事件必须在2-6小时之内向公司汇报,由公司主要专业人员初步进行调查,在次日再向上汇报。下属20多个单位,每天将事件源源不断地汇总到公司总部,公司总部应接不暇,沉溺在弄清楚基层各单位汇报来的各类大大小小的安全技术、管理方面的问题,准备再向公司领导汇报。基层各单位忙于汇报,等待指示,准备接受处罚,把处罚传递给下级的过程中,结果该公司安全不好的形势仍在继续,当年的事故发生率比多年平均值提高了30%。
这是一种下级责任向上级推移的结果。虽然管理层在客观上采取了加强管理的措施,但在实际执行的过程中却造成了基层的管理责任上移,基层管理人员放弃了自己应该承担的责任,没有很好地履行这个层次管理人员的义务[7,8]。这是由于责任体系构建时给上级过多的自由量裁权,在安全管理过程中,一旦发生上级的管理方式不当,就会造成责任上移,使得好的措施产生意外的结果。
管理实践也表明,管理者与被管理者是一种合作与博弈的关系[9],只要上一级组织有收回下级工作责任的行为,下级就会自动地推动责任上移;上级若放弃应该履行的权利和责任,下级就会乱用权利,而责任向上推。
2 防止责任分散和扩散的具体措施
2.1 建立有机的递进责任链
组织责任机制失效对企业安全生产威胁更大[10],企业要按照组织结构和工作流程的构建,形成一种机制,往高层方向移动责任递增,往底层方向移动责任越来越具体,见图1。每一个节点(图中方框所示)必然要有一个责任主体,这个主体对上承担上级细化了的责任落实,对下承担着下级工作执行、完成质量责任者;任何一个节点往上追索形成一个责任链,往下追索,由众多的主体“节点”形成一个责任网。
2.2 组织流程应遵守“工作上级”的原则
在组织流程再造和组织结构设计时,在每一个责任“节点”上,要清楚明确责任主体的职权、责任,同时要明确规定各个责任主体之间连接部分的责任。在实际工作中,很多组织流程运作过程往往忽略了连接部分的责任归属,很多问题就发生在任何一方都认为对方应该负责的“连接部分”。解决现有组织结构这个固有缺陷的方法之一,就是在整个组织内部应建立共同遵守的“工作上级”的原则,这个工作“上级”并不一定是本岗位的行政上级,而是工作需要配合的“请求者”。任何一个部门的发起工作需要别的部门协助时,工作发起者就成为业务上级,配合者为业务下级,这样有利于推动工作,消除连接部分的责任死区。图1虚线箭头所示,任何一个节点的工作人员(或管理者),即是下一级的行政上级,在请求工作配合时又可以是其他部门或其他部门工作人员的工作上级。
3 结论
加强安全责任管理是提高安全生产水平的重要手段,现实当中会出现行政上级在针对企业安全问题采取加强责任管理时,下级有意无意中会将应负的责任向上“推”;对全体工作人员落实安全责任过程中,众多工作人员会错以为别人会或多或少地将自己的责任承担起来的。这种“责任上移”和“责任扩散”对冲了安全管理的效果,形成了安全责任缺口。解决这些问题就要关注责任绑定实践方法,要在组织中形成一个责任链,往高层方向移动责任递增,往底层方向移动责任越来越具体,落实组织内 “工作上级”的原则,任何一个部门的发起工作需要别的部门协助时,工作发起者就成为该项业务上级,配合者为业务下级,这样有利于推动工作,消除连接部分的责任死区。
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8.中英文安全责任书 篇八
会议要求认真贯彻落实习近平总书记、李克强总理重要指示批示精神，把人民群众生命财产安全放在第一位，大力实施安全发展战略，狠抓责任落实，强化安全措施，加快改革创新，有效防范遏制重特大事故，积极推动全国安全生产状况实现根本好转。
会议指出，2014年各地区、各部门和各单位认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院的决策部署，安全生产工作取得明显成效，事故总数和死亡人数继续下降，大部分地区和重点行业领域安全生产状况进一步好转。但当前安全生产形势依然严峻，事故总量仍然较大，特别是近期连续发生多起重大事故和群众踩踏事件，造成重大人员伤亡教训十分惨痛。要按照中办国办关于切实做好当前安全生产和人员密集场所安全管理工作的紧急通知要求，迅速组织开展安全生产大检查，深入推进打非治违专项行动，加强重点领域安全管理和风险防范，进一步强化春运组织、道路交通安全和消防安全管理，彻底排查安全隐患，强化应急准备，督促落实安全生产责任，全力以赴抓好岁末年初安全生产各项工作。
会议强调，2015年要进一步强化红线意识，完善落实“党政同责、一岗双责、齐抓共管”的安全生产责任体系。要深入宣传贯彻新《安全生产法》，加强安全生产法制建设，强化基层监督执法力量，严肃事故查处和责任追究。要继续深化重点行业领域安全专项整治，抓好煤矿治本攻坚和整顿关闭，打好油气输送管道隐患整治攻坚战。要夯实安全基础，继续开展企业标准化建设，强化安全教育培训，提升科技和资金保障能力。要继续深化安全生产改革创新，健全完善安全监管体制机制，创新监管方式方法，完善应急救援体系，提高政府管理服务水平。
中央有关部门及部分中央企业负责同志出席了会议，各省（区、市）及有关部门负责同志在分会场出席会议。安全监管总局局长杨栋梁、公安部副部长黄明在会上通报了相关情况。