高考英语完形填空解析(精选8篇)
1.高考英语完形填空解析 篇一
2009年高考英语试题(全国卷2)完形填空解析及教学反思
临泽一中高三英语组 刘发峥
一.完形填空题题型分析
完形填空是中高考常见的一种,也是中学生最为棘手的题型之一。它是由出题者在一篇语义连贯的文章中有目的地去掉一些词语,形成空格,要求在给出的对应的备选答案中,选出一个正确的或最佳的答案,使文章恢复完整。它既考查对语法,词汇,习语,句型,搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力,又考查对短文的阅读理解能力。其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力,根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理,综合判断和分析概括的能力。完形填空题的两空之间一般相隔7—10个词,短文第一个句子一般不设填空题,具有如下的特点:
1)本题型设空以考查文意为主,信息词汇(或通常所说的“实词”——名词、动词、形容词和副词等)比重极大,且有逐年增加的趋势。
2)降低对单词本身词意的考查要求,以突出本题的主要测试目的:理解全文,通篇考虑,掌握大意,注 重关联。
3)增加了考查连词的题,涉及考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及文句之间关联的理解,恰到好处。
4)注意结合文意考查对词语用法的掌握。主要涉及两个方面:词义辨析与惯用搭配。同义与近义词的比 较分辨应当放到一定的语境之中才有意义。如果只是一一对应地背记单词的中文意思,不注意具体语境中单词 的确切含意,是难以分辨一些词汇的细微差异的。
5)题目的类型可分为:①语言知识型,如各种语法规则、句型、句式等;还包括词汇型,测试单词在一 定语境下的基本用法、习惯用法、常用搭配以及对其词义的记忆或其特定意义的理解和灵活运用。②判断推理型,考查对篇章的整体理解、上下文段落的衔接、逻辑思维与判断推理能力。③综合型,即对知识和能力综合 运用的考查。
完形填空所选的短文长度在250个词以内,难度并不大,但涉及的范围很广,包括社会、经济、文化、教育、科普知识、历史、地理、日常生活以及人物故事。文体多以记叙文为主,但近年的考题有向议论文发展的趋势;考查内容集中在大家对名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词的理解上。
二.2009年高考英语试题(全国卷2)完形填空解析 最近几年来的完形填空试题材料选材上,都力图选取一篇有教育意义的文章,通常来讲,这样的文章均会是一篇记叙文或者一个与生活有关的一些经历描述。这篇文章就是属于此类。这是一篇励志文章:通过描述自己对父亲喜爱的“try it!”(尝试!)来影响自己对选择职业、工作目标和生活斗志方面思想的形成。作者描述了一些有趣的事实:在尝试中,自己的本不具有的一些生活技能居然在通过各种经历后养成了。所以连作者本人都发出感叹:“I’ve also discovered that if I believe in what I’m doing and work hard at achieving my goal, I will succeed.”(我同时也发现,如果我认为我正在做的事情有益并且我为之而努力去实现我的目标的话,我就会取得成功。)这样的励志思想,也正是这篇完形材料在高考中要达到的教育目的。附文: 第三节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One of my father’s favorite sayings as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn’t say I didn’t like 21 , whatever it might be, 22 I tried it.Over the years I’ve come to 23 how much of my success I owe to my 24 of those words as one of my values.My 25 job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I 26 what I want to do as a career(职业).27 I believed I would work for a few years, get married, stay home and raise a family, so I didn’t think the job I took 28 that much.I couldn’t have been more 29.I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity(机会)to 30 through the company into different 31.I accepted each new opportunity with the 32 ,”Well, I’ll try it;if I don’t like it I can always go back to my 33 position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years, and I’ve 34 every career change I’ve made.I’ve discovered I 35 a large number of different talents(才能)and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being 36 trying new opportunities.I’ve also discovered that if I 37 what I’m doing and work hard at achieving my 38.I will succeed.That’s why I’m so 39 to be a part of CareerFables.com.I think 40 has come and I am determined to make it a success.ks5u ks5u 21.A.everything B.something C.everybody D.somebody ks5u 22.A.until after B.ever since C.so that D.long before 23.A.consider B.argue C.include D.realize ks5u 24.A.suggestion B.explanation C.acceptance D.discussion 25.A.hard B.best C.extra D.first ks5u ks5u 26.A.determined B.examined C.experienced D.introduced 27.A.Actually B.Gradually C.Finally D.Usually ks5u 28.A.helped B.required C.expressed D.mattered ks5u 29.A.careful B.mistaken C.interested D.prepared ks5u 30.A.look up B.take up C.move up D.put up ks5u 31.A.situations B.choices C.directions D.positions ks5u 32.A.thought B.reply C.action D.advice ks5u 33.A.easier B.newer C.earlier D.higher ks5u 34.A.permitted B.counted C.organized D.enjoyed 35.A.show B.possess C.need D.gather ks5u 36.A.lucky for B.slow at C.open to D.afraid of 37.A.think of B.give away C.believe in D.turn into 38.A.business B.goal C.fortune D.growth 39.A.excited B.curious C.surprised D.helpful 40.A.dream B.time C.power D.honor ks5u 【21】此题选B。但有些同学对其意义不甚明了,陷于思维定势,机械地套用以下规则:something 用于肯定句,anything 用于否定句或疑问句。
【分析】当然以上规则在通常情况下是有效的,但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案应是B,something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”,而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”,即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。【22】此题选A。not···until结构,意义为“直到我尝试了之后,我才会说我不喜欢这种事情”。
【23】此题选D。come to realize,get to realize 逐渐意识到。
【24】此题选C。accept···as 把······接受为。我把我的成功归结为接受父亲的话语作为我的价值取向之一。
【25】此题选D。my first job··· 【26】此题选A。determine sth.“决定、确定某事”,而本文最后一句be determined to do sth.“下决心做某事”。
【27】此题选A。副词意义的辨析。actually 实际上,gradually 渐渐地,finally 最后,usually通常。
【28】此题选D。动词辨析。matter 要紧,有重要性,require 要求,express表达。意义为“我认为从事的工作不重要,那我就大错特错了”。
【29】此题选B。形容词辨析。careful 认真的,interested 感兴趣的,prepared 准备好的,mistaken 搞错的,犯错的,错误的。本题是这篇完形填空的难点,是比较级表示最高级意义的用法。I couldn’t have been more mistaken。意为“我不可能更错误了”意思是“我是非常错误的”。【30】此题选C。动词短语的辨析lLook up 查找,抬头看 take up 占···时间,从事 move up 升迁Put up 挂起,张贴
【31】此题选D。名词意义的辨析。situations情况,局面,choices 选择,directions 方向,说明,positions职位,位置。k职位 【32】此题选A。ks5名词意义的辨析。with the thought 带着这样的想法。thought 想法,reply答复,action 行动,advice忠告。
【33】此题选C。形容词比较级的意义辨析。Earlier 更早的,以前的earlier position 以前的职位 【34】此题选D。动词意义辨析。ks5 permitted允许,counted数数,organized组织,enjoyed 喜欢。k喜欢
【35】此题选B。动词意义辨析。possess拥有,gather 聚集。【36】此题选C。短语辨析。lucky for幸运,slow at在某事上反应迟钝,open to对···敞开心扉,afraid of害怕某事。
【37】此题选C。短语辨析。believe in信任某人,相信某事 think of想起,give away 赠送,turn into 把···变成。
【38】此题选B。名词辨析。goal 目标,fortune 运气,business 生意,growth 生长。
【39】此题选A。形容词辨析。excited 兴奋的,u curious好奇的,surprised惊讶的,helpful有帮助的。ks5u 【40】此题选B。名词辨析。time 时机,dream 梦想,power 权利,honour荣誉。
总之,该试题的难易度和前几年相比较而言,难度有所增加,多数考生不能清楚地理解。在一些选项上,会出现大范围的答题失误。比如:21题,29题(熟词的别样意义)。三.几点思考
如今高考的趋势无论是日常教学还是高考命题上都越来越趋于应用型,考查要求多半以面为主,不再类如以往只考“点”,一道题多个方面考查,即要求分析辨别能力,又要求独立思考能力,而不是简单的知识应用了。很多学生在日常学习备考过程中以“死记硬背”、“生搬硬套”为主线,这是违背教育本质的。
知识点的重复已经不如理解来的重要。知识的衍生和应用,或者换种方式考察已经是屡见不鲜。漫漫学习路,已经不能单纯的以“拼命程度”来决定高考瞬间的胜负。无论是教师复习计划的编排,还是授课方式,必须以“引导性”为住,古人尚且提出,“师者,传道授业解惑也。”所谓的“道”,可以是道理,可以是方法。但是现在,许多老师几乎都在干一件事,教会学生认识、记住课本的知识点,然后通过布置作业讲解题目,没有从根本上传授这个“道”。新课标要求教育工作者以能够激发和帮助学生自主学习为目的,但是由于应试教育的背景下,一起削尖了脑袋往如何得出“标准答案”里装,反而忽略了学生思考问题、解决问题能力的引导教育,彻头彻尾的培养了缺乏思想和想象力的高分低能的学生。
知识的学习始终是一个自发的过程,而不是被动的过程,我希望今后的英语教学更多锻炼理解知识的能力,加强思维锻炼的能力,弱化、减少死记硬背。通过对知识本源的认识和理解,自己对题目形成相对固定的推导思维,将能大幅的减轻学习压力,同时还能获取更高的分数。
四.对完形填空题教学的几点建议
完形填空旨在测试考生运用所学过的语法知识和词汇以及通过上下文的逻辑关系等等,进行综合填空的能力。它一般要求考生既要有扎实的语法知识基础和丰富的词汇量,又要有较强的阅读能力。考生在这一部分进行解题时,必须灵活运用自己所掌握的所有英语知识,并且能够融会贯通。在完型填空练习中常常出现这样或那样的错误,我总结原因有:大多数的学生对该题型存在严重的畏惧心理,觉得此题型高不可攀,“非人力可为”;学生不易抓住文章的主题进行逻辑判断,不易理出文章的结构脉络;忽视首句提示,或对首句句意把握不准,以致对理解整篇文章产生误导作用;有些学生把完型填空题当作单项选择填空题来做,形成解题方法的失误;完型填空限时训练不够,以致影响答题时间和效果,等等。
针对这种情况提出以下建议:
1.要有“明知山有虎,偏向虎山行”的勇气。克服因该题型难,平时就少做或胡乱做该题型的不足,加大专项练习力度和提高练习质量。.对学生完形填空的训练应该注意掌握由易到难提升学生的兴趣,降低畏难心理,培养学生的解题信心。
2.利用已有的知识,去获得新的知识,并把新的知识纳入已有的知识系统中,这就需要多读书,知识积累越多,知识面越宽,理解力越强,推断能力才能越高。快速阅读的同时还要求快速记忆,这就要求在阅读时,不仅要阅读,而且要记,要理解,这是一个高难度的思维活动,没有集中的注意力是很难保证完成的。
3.让学生养成划线的习惯,即在上下文去找相关信息及线索,抓住关键词句,识别主题句,把握住了全篇文章的中心思想,可帮助学生了解作者的行文思路,分析文章的内容结构,搞清楚逻辑关系,有利于提高理解的准确性。
4.坚持语篇完型词义,在具体的语境中选择最佳答案。近三年的NMET完型填空,都要通过对语篇主题和文章结构的总体把握,根据文章内容整体推理判断来确定答案,即“词不离句,句不离文”,孤立地看待某个句子和选项,都无法正确进行选择。
5.重视完型填空的首句提示作用,以及首尾呼应对理解整篇文章的重要作用。
6.熟练运用英语语法、常用短语和惯用法的搭配知识。积累扎实的词汇辨义能力。在比较四个选项时,注意选项间词义相近,差异何在,意义近似,用法如何。
7..重视限时训练,提高完型填空答题效率还应注意培养对语意、语境、语篇的深层理解能力,并在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上,在正确理解句与句、段与段的内在联系上下功夫。完型填空命题与问题设置的主导因素是阅读理解问题,对上下文的理解是选出正确答案的关键,故理解把握上下文的逻辑关系是平时进行训练的关键。
2.高考英语完形填空解析 篇二
13. (x-y) 10的展开式中, x7y3的系数与 x3y7 的系数之和等于.
解析:直接用通项公式
由通项公式, 得Tr+1=C
令 r=3, 得 x7y3 的系数为 (-1) 3C
令 r=7, 得 x3y7 的系数为 (-1) 7C
故 x7y3 的系数与 x3y7 的系数之和为
(-1) 3C
点评:对于二项式定理问题, 常常用通项公式Tr+1=Crnan-rbr, 再结合方程的思想加以解决.
14.设等差数列{an}的前 n 项和为Sn, 若S9=72, 则 a2+a4+a9=.
解析1:基本量法
由
则 a2+a4+a9=a1+d+a1+3d+a1+8d=3 (a1+4d) =3×8=24.
解析2:运用性质
由
则 a2+a4+a9= (a2+a9) +a4= (a5+a6) +a4=3a5=24.
点评:方程的思想 (即转化为基本量 a1, d (q) ) 是解决等差数列 (或等比数列) 的通法 (如解法1) , 但不一定是最好的方法.本题运用性质:在等差数列中, 若 m+n=k+l (m、n、k、l∈N*) , 则 am+an=ak+al, 使问题得以简解.记住常用的性质或结论, 可大大提高解题速度.
15.直三棱柱ABC—A1B1C1各顶点都在同一球面上.若AB=AC=AA1=2, ∠BAC=120°, 则此球的表面积等于.
解析:求出半径
在△ABC中AB=AC=2, ∠BAC=120°, 可得
点评:有关球的问题, 主要是切接问题、经纬线、球面距离等三大问题.其解题要点是先画特征图, 利用Rt△, 寻找与R有关的数量关系.
16.若
解析1:基本不等式法
令 t=tanx, 由
当且仅当
解析2:配方法
令 t=tanx, 由
当且仅当
解析3:导数法
由解析2得
求导数, 得
令 y′=0, 并注意到 t>1, 得唯一极值点
故当
点评:求最值的常用方法有基本不等式法、二次函数法、导数法等.用基本不等式法时应注意“一正二定三相等”.
哈尔滨市第一二二中学
3.高考英语完形填空解析 篇三
一、2016年完形填空题题材与2015年一样,同样是思考人生
题材依旧是夹叙夹议类型,具有深刻的启发性和教育意义。文章主人公John在和一个陌生人的一段对话后,开始反思个人成长。文章时间线索明确而且文章篇幅较短,行文通俗易懂,前后呼应,难度与去年持平。2016年完形填空题253个词,加上20个空21个词(第46个空考查短语2个词),共274个词。文中出现一个专有名词:Kurt Kampmeir (人名);短文中出现了高考英语词汇背诵手册P.195206新增詞汇:critical (adj.批判性的;挑剔的;极重要的;关键的;严重的);选项中第38 题D. qualify v.(使)具备资格;(使)合格;第39 题A. involve v.包括;需要;涉及;(使)参加;第43题 D. complain v.抱怨;不满;第46 题A. loan n.贷款;第49 题A. contract n.合同;合约;契约;协议; 第51 题A. recall v. 记忆;回忆起;使想起;召回;B. define v. 给……下定义;对……作详细说明。短文中出现了两个超纲词汇:incorporation n. 结合;合并;社团;公司;workbook n. 辅助练习册;笔记本。今年完形填空题考查记叙文阅读。具体的考点分布:
考点语篇理解动词(短语)名词形容词副词介词
题号36、37、41、47、48、49、53、54、5538、43、45、50、5140、5239、444246
题数952211
二、解题技巧
1. 语篇分析
完形填空要求考生修复信息不完整的语篇,使一系列句子构成语义连贯的语言整体。
以近几年的高考英语完形填空为例,为了考查考生的语言知识、阅读能力和逻辑思维能力,完形填空题通常考查文章核心词的语义辨析、组合用法等,并且干扰项与最佳选项在语法形式上相当或近似,对考生的干扰很大。如果仅以句子为单位进行分析,几个选项看似都正确但在语篇背景下进行分析,即考虑句子间的语义连贯,则只有一个最佳选项。因此,考生在解完形填空题时运用语篇分析法是非常必要的,语篇分析就是要把握语境,利用词汇的复现关系、同现关系、语法关系、逻辑关系等来解题。例如:
第36题。根据36空前“for breakfast”可知:我在吃早饭的时候遇见了Kurt,当我们正在吃饭的时候,他问我对个人成长有什么样的计划。故D项eating或having breakfast符合上下文串联。
第55题。根据后句While too many couples grow apart, we were growing together.可知我和妻子一起成长。说明他的资源对我们有很好的作用,我们作出的是一个明智的决定。故D项wise正确。
2. 把握主题
完形填空题通常的解题步骤是“宏观——微观——宏观”。宏观理解就是迅速浏览全文,理清文章脉络,把握文章主题。面对一篇全新的完形填空,考生应快速通读全文,力求对文章的整体内容有一个基本的认识,明确主题思想,认识文章结构,了解文章的层次。根据首句不设空的原则,第一句一般是完形材料的题眼所在,所以考生要好好利用这一题眼来把握文章主题,并注意上下文联系,进而对文章的行文逻辑、语意表达进行判断、分析、归纳和推理。另外,许多完形材料的主题还会再次出现在文章末段,与首段前后呼应,从而进一步强化主题思想。考生答题时应注意文章末段,使解题达到最佳效果。例如:
第44题。形容词automatic自动的;slow缓慢的;independent独立的;changing不断变化的。Kurt告诉我成长并不是一个自动的过程,一定要有计划性。有计划的个人成长才是有效的成长。从那以后我意识到自己在这方面的缺乏并作出改变。BCD三项与语义不搭配。
3. 重视语言积累
完形填空题不仅要求考生具备较强的语篇理解能力,同时也注重考查考生的词汇应用能力。笔者常会碰到这样的情形:学生做题时完全看懂了上下文,但却选错了答案。其原因主要是学生对选项中词汇的理解和运用出现偏差,习惯于用汉语思维来解题。例如:
第43题。“Kurt笑着对我说:对于个人成长你并没有计划,是吧?” 这是一个否定的反义疑问句,在回答的时候“no” 翻译为“是的”(“yes”翻译为“不是的”)。说明我承认自己并没有个人成长计划。故A项admitted正确。
4. 夯实基础语法
在高三复习过程中,考生会重视语法重点的复习,例如:名词、代词、动词(时态、语态、语气)(包括非谓语动词)、形容词、副词(重点30组辨析、原级、比较级和最高级)。但有的语法点对于考生来说拿高分是非常有帮助的。例如构词法,包括转化、派生和合成。有时不会直接考查,但是对语篇的理解起到举足轻重的作用。例如:高考英语词汇背诵手册(3500)中有announce v.宣布,宣告;宣稱;通知(M2U2), 完形填空第47题选项B 出现了名词announcement; 高考英语词汇背诵手册(3500)P.195206新增词汇中有invest v. 投资;完形填空第48题选项D出现了名词investment; 高考英语词汇背诵手册(3500)中有negotiate v.谈判,洽谈,协商;完形填空第49题选项C出现了名词negotiation。
三、对2017高考完形填空题的预测
完形填空的命题思路分析
分析近五年的高考试题(高考试题省略),我们不难看出完形填空会呈现如下特点:
1. 选材要求
(1)210~300词左右长短的文章,不少于210以保证20个题目的设置;
(2)体裁以记叙文和夹叙夹议的文章居多,同时也会考查到议论文和说明文。对考生的阅读面和理解、分析能力都提出更高的要求;
(3)从题材上看多选用贴近学生实际,贴近生活的事例或道理;
(4)短文逻辑性强,结构严谨,层次分明,文章具有知识性的同时有时含有较深的寓意、哲理,容易使习惯于字面理解的考生失误。
2. 考查特点
完形填空是对一篇语意完整的短文有目的地挖出一些空白,造成信息链的中断,让考生在重新理解短文的基础上,综合运用所学知识和常识,对每个空格的被选选项做出尽可能合理的分析和判断,从中选出正确答案或最佳答案,使重新建构的文章主旨鲜明,文意畅达,逻辑严密。
(1)突出语篇的理解,强调语言应用。20个小题中有三分之二的选项考查语篇理解,正确理解文章的大意是理解的基础;
(2)一般句首不设空;
(3)考查同义词、近义词词义辨析;
(4)词汇和语法多考查动词、动词时态和短语、名词、形容词等实词为主,兼顾虚词,覆盖面较宽。
3. 命题角度
(1)根据上下文的角度;
(2)根据词义及词的用法;
(3)根据词语搭配;
(4)根据逻辑推理或常识;
(5)根据句意和文章主人的情绪变化。
4.高考英语完形填空解析 篇四
考研英语完形填空失分四大原因解析及解决方法。很多考生在做完形时很喜欢读着读着就将作者原本的思想扭曲成为自己的思想,这一点不管是在做完形还是做阅读中都是致命伤,因为一旦扭曲或误解了作者的原意,做错题目的几率将大大增加。
完形填空(以下简称完形)是一个不断解码字符编码的思维过程,出题人不断的挖空制造困难来迷惑读者,因此在阅读过程中,正确率和速度不仅受读者所掌握的基本语言要素(词汇、语法)的影响,还受许多非语言因素,诸如读者的文化背景知识、思维习惯、阅读方法等的影响。但是在以上影响因素中,词汇、语法其实倒还是次要点,对整个文章思想的把握其实最为关键。因此,做题者具备的相关的知识和经验是解码的基础,所掌握的与材料相关的知识经验越多,理解越透彻。
那么将以上问题拆开来看,我们的`解码办法究竟是什么呢?首先从大家经常存在的问题讲起。
问题一:词汇掌握不到位
其实对于完形来说,词汇量其实并不是一个大问题,因为完形的词汇量这么多年考过来都没有超过5500大纲所要求的词汇,不会出现在阅读中出现的超纲词,比如说metabolic syndrome(新陈代谢综合症)。但是它的难点就在于词义之间的区别,一般外貌相似意思不同的词汇还很好区别,比如adopt, adapt, adept。但是一旦遇到意思相近的词汇,难点就来了,比如tightening,intensifying, fastening。遇到这些问题,同学们除了要弄清楚本身的含义之外,还要弄清楚它们的固定搭配,比如动宾搭配、主谓搭配,还有这个动词的主语是否只能是人,或者只能是物,还是人、物皆可,这些都成为做题时很好的依据。
问题二:句法知识不明确,未形成体系
清楚了解整个语法框架体系也是完形考试中的一块法宝。因为现在考研语法不再像初高中一样拘泥于一些微小特殊的语法规则,反而更加着重对语法体系框架的考察,因此做完形时,心中要对语法体系有清晰的概念。比如当选项是考察动词时,同学们可以看其空后有无宾语,那么就会知道应该选择及物还是不及物动词;或者也可看该空后的介词是否能与该空的哪一项动词构成固定搭配等等,这些都可以成为做题时很好的线索依据。以此推来,当选项为形容词的时候,它所修饰的名词就是其线索。但是怎么找到线索名词,有时却并不那么容易,比如说94年的完形49题,选项均为形容词,它的线索名词许多同学会误认为是vocabulary,但事实是名词speaker,而这个speaker与选项还有很长一段距离,中间还包括一个定语从句,因此很容易误导考生。这个时候只要弄清楚语法结构,选项也就不难选择了。
问题三:知识面过于狭窄
有些考生对西方社会人文知识和科技知识缺乏基本了解,甚至是一无所知,结果造成一定的阅读理解障碍。这就需要考生在平时的训练中广泛阅读,尽可能地接触与考研完形题材类似的文章,对那些平时不感兴趣或觉得较难的文章更应该加强训练。比如说2012年英语二完形中出现了G.I.Joe,如果平时稍微了解美国文化的人应该知道是指美国大兵,Joe并没有具体指某个人,而许多同学在此却死死揪住Joe不放,一直不知道这个Joe指的是谁。在2007年英语一阅读第二篇中也曾出现过average Joe,其实意思很简单,就是指普通人。如果平时对这些信息有所了解的话,那么在做题中也不会觉得一头雾水了。此外,由于真题的话题具有时新性的特点,所以考生平时还要多关注各知识领域的新现象、新发现、新理论。建议可以多多看看微博,关注欧美等英语国家新鲜资讯是个不错的选择。
问题四:脱离原文,制造“思想强迫症”
很多考生在做完形时很喜欢读着读着就将作者原本的思想扭曲成为自己的思想,这一点不管是在做完形还是做阅读中都是致命伤,因为一旦扭曲或误解了作者的原意,做错题目的几率将大大增加。因此记住关键一点:一切从原文出发,追寻作者思想的脚步。那么到底作者的中心思想以及态度在哪里体现呢?根据完形真题的分析可以得知,基本上线索都围绕在第一段,但是不要简单的认为就是第一句,它很有可能是在第二句甚至第三句,尤其是在转折后的句子。因此,做完形时一定要注意第一段中出现转折的句子,一般说来转折后即重点。另外每一段的首句也是不能放过的要点,因为每一段的句首基本上都是对这一段的一个总结,掌握了这些要素之后,想曲解作者的意愿和态度也变得困难了。
5.高考英语完形填空解析 篇五
After her husband had gone to work, Mrs. Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too 1_ to do any housework that morning, 2 _in the evening she was going to an interesting fancy dress party (化装舞会) with her husband. What she 3_ was a terrible genie (妖怪) and as she had made that special dress of hers the night before, she was anxious to try it on. 4_ the dress was just a big piece of old cloth which was red, green, black and white, it would be very effective (有效的) to make her like a real genie. After putting it on, Mrs. Richards went downstairs happily. She wanted to find out 5_ it would be comfortable to wear.
Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dining-room there was a 6_at the door. She thought that it 7_ be the baker (面包师). She had told him to come straight in if she 8_ to open the door and leave the bread on the kitchen table. Now not wanting to 9_ the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly 10_ in the small storeroom under the stairs. She heard the front door open and a man came in. When Mrs. Richards 11_ that it was the man from the electricity board (供电局) who had come to read the meter (电表), she walked out of the hiding-place on a sudden and tried to explain the matter, saying with a smile, “It’s only 12_ ! It is not 13_ for you to be 14_ !” But it was too late. The man let out a sharp cry (发出尖叫) and jumped back several paces (步) . Then he ran away, 15_ the door behind him with great force and noise.
1.A. angry B. ready C. frightened D. excited
2.A. for B. but C. so D. and
3.A. wanted to see B. wanted to play C. was afraid to see D. was afraid to play
4.A. Though B. But C. And D. If
5.A. that B. how C. whether D. when
6.A. knock B. voice C. man D. baker
7.A. may B. must C. wouldn’t D. couldn’t
8.A. not B. had C. tried D. failed
9.A. see B. frighten C. help D. scold (责怪)
10.A. went B. lay C. appeared D. hid
11.A. thought B. wondered C. imagined D. realized
12.A. me B. you C. game D. play
13.A. good B. necessary C. late D. early
14.A. off B. here C. afraid D. sorry
15.A. pushing B. locking C. knocking D. shutting
名师点评
这是一个幽默故事,看后令人忍俊不禁。也许Mrs. Richards的化装技巧太捧了,也许,查表员的胆子也太小了——大白天的怎么可能有鬼呢?不过,如果你遇到这种情况,那会怎么样呢?
答案简析
1.D。一切准备就绪,只等去化装舞会了,所以该是激动得无法做家务。
2.A。补充说明激动的原因,只有用for最为到位。
3.B。本句是初中生不太熟悉的主语从句,play在这里是“扮演”的意思。意为“她所想扮演的是一个可怕的妖怪”。
4.A。根据下文的意思,有转折关系,所以用though。
5.C。她想看看是否穿着舒服。
6.A。就在这时有敲门声。
7.B。从下文可知她很有把握,“准是面包师”。
8.D。fail to do sth. “没做成某事”。用not语法不对,而用had ,tried不符合意思 。
9.B。她不想吓着这个人。
10.D。因此,她就躲藏到楼梯下的贮藏室中。
11.D。这时她才意识到自己的判断错误。
12.A。只好出来解释,不是鬼怪,是她。故用It’s me 。
13.B。13、14题是一个完整的句子。没必要害怕。
14.C。
15.D。分词充当伴随状语。意为随手就把门用力关上。
Mr. Miller had a shop in a big town. He 1_ ladies’ clothes, and he always had two or three shop girls to 2_ him. They were always 3_ because they were cheaper than older women, but 4_ of them worked for him for very 5_ , because they were young, and they did not meet many boys in 6_ shop.
Last month a girl came to work for him. Her 7_ was Helen, and she was very good.
After a few days, Mr. Miller 8_ a young man come into the shop. He went 9_ to Helen, spoke to her for a few 10_ and then went out of the shop. Mr. Miller was very 11_ and when the young man 12_ he went to Helen and said, “That young man didn’t 13_ anything. What did he want to 14_ ?”
Helen answered, “He just wanted to see 15_ .”
1.A. kept B. sold C. made D. mended
2.A. learn B. teach C. help D. follow
3.A. young B. strong C. clever D. boring
4.A. many B. most C. neither D. none
5.A. long B. much C. soon D. often
6.A. children’s B. men’s C. clothes D. women’s
7.A. friend B. parent C. sister D. name
8.A. realized B. guessed C. saw D. chose
9.A. away B. straight C. back D. by
10.A. words B. times C. things D. minutes
11.A. nervous B. pleased C. surprised D. interested
12.A. arrived B. left C. smiled D. finished
13.A. buy B. try C. treat D. touch
14.A. do B. take C. spend D. save
15.A. money B. nothing C. me D. nobody
名师点评
这是一个幽默故事,故事简单明了,却说明了一个大家所共知的道理:异性相吸。
答案简析
1.B。根据常识,商店是“卖东西”而不是“保存东西”,“制造东西”或“修理东西”。
2.C。指帮他在店中打点打点。
3.A。从后面的older women得知。
4.D。从上文but可知,没有一个姑娘为他工作很长时间。
5.A。
6.D。根据上文,这是一家卖女士服装的商店,所以其他都不可以。
7.D。
8.C。see sb. do sth.,此处意为看见有人进来。
9.B。指年轻人径直走向Helen,故用straight,其他意思都不对。
10.D。由于前面有介词for,所以不可用a few words,a few times,a few things.。For a few minutes 意为“跟她说了一会儿”。
11.C。看到这种情景当然是感到好奇。
12.B。根据常识,他须等年轻人离开才去问Helen。
13.A。年轻人什么也不买。
14.A。他想干什么呢?
15.C。
Bob: In a book I was reading, some men had to 1_ a desert. There was nothing 2_ sand they could see. It was so large 3_ it seemed to them that it had almost no 4_ .
Tom: It 5_ be very hot.
Bob: That’s right. 6_ hot in a desert. But they rested 7_ the day and traveled at night. .
Tom: But there’re no trees or anything like that 8_ you to get cool.
Bob: 9_ . But they had some tents (帐篷). They 10_ when they were going to rest.
Tom: That was a lot of trouble, 11_ ?
Bob: Yes. Every night 12_ they 13_ on the next part of the trip, they had to take the tents 14_ . Then they had to put them on their camels. That’s the 15_ way you can travel in a desert.
1. A. go B. walk C. cross D. reach
2. A. for B. and C. else D. but
3. A. because B. that C. as D. enough
4. A. end B. water C. people D. animals
5. A. perhaps B. maybe C. sometimes D. must
6. A. It always is B. It’s always C. It never is D. It’s never
7. A. on B. at C. during D. until
8. A. for B. to C. will D. have
9. A. Yes B. No C. All right D. Very good
10. A. put up them B. put them up C. made them D built them
11. A. indeed B. too C. wasn’t it D. wasn’t that
12. A. when B. after C. before D. when
13. A. took B. got C. kept D. set out
14. A. away B. down C. up D. on
15. A. good B. first C. only D. strange
名师点评
本文是一个对话,关于沙漠中人们如何旅行、如何休息,其中有大量的初中部分很重要的一些词组,如:so… that , must be , put sth. up。
答案简析
1.C。cross a desert 意为“穿越沙漠”。
2.D。nothing but 是“除了……之外什么也没有”之意。
3.B。固定词组,so… that …即“如此……以至于……”。
4.A。根据上文,此处应选end 。 “ no end”意为“无边无际”。
5.D。表示有把握的猜测,一定,肯定。
6.B。根据常识,沙漠应该总是很热。
7.C。during the day 在白天。
8.A。for sb. to do sth. 全句意为“没有树或那样的东西让你纳凉”。
9.B。 此句学生在做时,很容易根据中国人的思维。事实上,上文是一个否定句,如果是对整个否定句进行肯定回答,应用No,否则,用Yes。
10.B。动词和副词构成的这类词组,如果所接宾语是代词必须放在这两个词之间, 如果是名词放中间,放在后面皆可。Put them up 意为“把他们支起,搭起”。
11.C。这是一个反意疑问句,前部分是肯定句,所以后部分要用否定形式,而且主语用人称代词。
12.C。联系上下文,意为“睡觉之前”。
13.D。set out 意为”出发”。
14.C。与上文的put them up相反,意为“收起帐篷”。
15.C。唯一的方法。
Overhead bridges can be seen in many parts of Singapore, in the place where traffic is very heavy and crossing the road is 1_ .
These bridges can make people 2_ roads safely. Overhead bridges are used in very much the same way as zebra crossings.
They are more efficient (效率高的), 3_ less convenient (方便的) because people have to climb up a lot of steps. This is inconvenient to the old. When people 4_ an overhead bridge, they do not hold up (阻挡) traffic. But when they cross a 5_ road using a zebra crossing, traffic is held up. This is 6_ the government (政府) has 7_ many overhead bridges to help people and 8_ traffic moving at the same time.
The government of Singapore has 9_ a lot of money building these bridges. For their own safety, people should be given hope to use them 10_ rushing across the road. Old people may find it a little 11_ climbing up and down the steps, but it is still much safer than walking across the road 12_ all the moving traffic.
Overhead bridges are very useful. People, 13_ old and young, should 14_ use them. This will stop accidents 15_ happening.
1. A. noisy B. not safe C. crowded D. not busy
2. A. cross B. crossing C. across D. through
3. A. though B. or C. if D. till
4. A. pass B. use C. visit D. build
5. A. wide B. narrow C. busy D. free
6. A. what B. why C. when D. where
7. A. made B. let C. built D. asked
8. A. see B. keep C. find D. feel
9. A. used B. made C. spent D. borrowed
10. A. full of B. fond of C. in spite of D. instead of
11. A. difficult B. different C. worried D. exited
12. A. past B. along C. about D. with
13. A. both B. either C. neither D. not
14. A. almost B. always C. nearly D. hardly
15. A. in B. at C. with D. from
名师点评
新加坡,一个美丽的国家。但本篇着重介绍新加坡花费大量财力建筑立交桥,以及它们的利弊。最终得出结论,人们应该使用立交桥因为它们对防止交通事故的发生起很大的作用。
答案简析
1.B。本句是定语从句中的第二个小分句,做时特别要注意。意为“在交通拥挤和过马路不太安全的地方”。
2.A。make sb. do sth. 其它词性不对。
3.A。“效率高”与“不方便”意思上相反,故用though,有“尽管”的意思。
4.B。 pass与bridge无法搭配,而visit ,build与bridge搭配意思不符。
5.C。繁忙的马路。
6.B。why引导表语从句,意为“这就是……的原因”。
7.C。建造立交桥.。
8.C。keep … doing 意为“让……一直干某事” 。
9.B。spend…(in) doing 意为“在建立交桥上花费了大量的财力”。
10.D。建立交桥一方面有利安全,另一方面帮助人们。所以人们应该使用它们,而不是横穿马路(有如在建立交桥之前)。instead of “而不是”,“代替”。
11.A。 老人上下立交桥当然是有点困难,difficult形容词作宾语补足语。
12.D。指过去没有立交桥时,既有人又有车辆过马路,with“伴有”,“带有”。
13.A。两者都(老年人和年轻人)。
14.B。建议人们应经常使用立交桥,其它选项在意思上都不对。
15.D。固定短语stop sb. from doing,本句意为“阻止交通事故的发生。
The water and the land are thought part of the earth surface (表面). The air is 1_ thought a kind of blanket (毯子) 2_ the earth. But it is 3_ than that. Maybe you have been in a cave (洞穴) 4_ in the earth. Did you think about the air that was in the cave? The land has some air mixed in it. Air is even mixed 5_ the water in the sea. These examples show that some air is 6_ the earth’s surface as well as above it.
Men once 7_ that there were four basic things from which everything else was made. They 8_ these things-earth, fire, air and water the four elements (元素). 9_ man made more observations, they 10_ that fire was not an element. 11_ they concluded (得出结论) that land, air and water were not elements, 12_ .
13_ , there are more than 100 elements from which scientists believe all things are made. 14_ land, air and water are not elements, they are three main parts of man’s environment (环境). You will 15_ more about them as you study the earth.
1. A. usually B. seldom C. never D. sometimes
2. A. above B. around C. across D. among
3. A. better B. more C. less D. worse
4. A wide B. high C. long D. deep
5. A. at B. in C. with D. to
6. A. below B. before C. between D. beside
7. A. found B. thought C. knew D. understood
8. A. called B. told C. name D. said
9. A. That B. For C. As D. So
10. A. believe B. planned C. decided D. want
11. A. End B. At last C. Hardly D. Nearly
12. A. too B. neither C. also D. either
13. A. True B. Read C. In fact D. Correctly
14. A. When B. As C. Since D. Though
15. A. exam B. study C. exercise D. know
名师点评
本篇着重介绍与人们的生活休戚相关的地球、水、空气以及人们对它们的.认识过程。这是一篇说明文,文章浅显易懂。
答案简析
1.A。空气通常被看成是裹在地球外表的毯子。
2.B。
3.B。more than固定短语“不仅仅”。
4.D。根据常识,洞穴当然在地球的深处。
5.C。固定短语be mixed with。
6.A。与下文中above的意思相反,即在地表之下。
7.B。人们误以为,事实并非如此。
8.A。他们“称之为……”told , said 都不准确,而name的时态不对。
9.C。这里的as有“随着”的意思,相当于when 。
10.C。此处decided意为“得出结论”。believe很具有迷惑性,但其时态不对。特别要当心呀。
11.B。最终得出结论。另外三个选择都很显然不对。
12.D。 either用于否定句,“也不”的意思。
13.C。 无论是语法结构还是意思只有In fact对。
14.D。 尽管它们不是元素,但他们是人类环境的三个主要部分。
15.D。 你会对它们了解得更多。
Debbie got up early last Saturday morning. She wanted 1_ in Green Park with some of her friends. She was very 2_ about it. 3_ she was ready, she got on her bike and 4_ for the park -- it was on the other side of the town. Suddenly, as she was riding fast, she 5_ sirens (警笛). The sound of the sirens was getting 6_ , so Debbie looked 7_ her to see what was happening. As a result (结果), she fell off her bike and lay in the middle of the road. Luckily, Debbie wasn’t hurt, 8_ a car hit her bike. After the car 9_ , two men got out and started running. 10_ , a police car stopped next to the same car and three policemen got 11_ and started running 12_ the two men. One of the policemen shouted, “Stop the thieves (贼)!”
13_ a policeman came to see Debbie. He thanked her because, in a 14_ , she had helped them 15_ .
1. A. goes to skate B. go skating C. going to skate D. to go skating
2. A. happy B. angry C. sad D. worried
3. A. While B. As soon as C. If D. As quickly as
4. A. carried B. left C. went D. leaving
5. A. heard B. listened to C. found D. saw
6. A. close and close B. closer and closer
C. big and big D. bigger and bigger
7. A. after B. in front of C. behind D. before
8. A. because B. so C. but D. and
9. A. fell over B. passed away
C. turned back D. stopped
10. A .Few minutes later B. Just then
C. After an hour D. Very fast
11. A. in B. of C. out of D. out
12. A. after B. before C. in front of D. behind
13. A. In a few days B. Sometimes
C. Some time later D. At the same time
14. A. word B. shop C. moment D. way
15. A. get out of the car B. run after the two men
C. catch the thieves D. shout at the thieves
名师点评
这篇文章写的是关于一位妇女无意间帮助警察抓获小偷的故事。读完我们不禁会说,Debbie这一跤摔得太值得了——不仅抓住了小偷,而且自己毫发无损。
答案简析
1.D。want to do sth 固定短语。
2.A。要和朋友一起去公园,此时的心情只有“高兴”最为适合。
3.B。她一准备好,就骑上自行车准备出发。As soon as “一……就……”。
4.B。leave for 离开去某地。D选项形式不对。
5.A。听见警笛。意为“听”这个动作。这里强调“听见”这个状态。
6.B。警笛越来越近。Bigger and bigger很容易被当选,但形容声音最好用louder and louder。
7.C。看她的身后。
8.C。虽然自己没伤着,但自行车还是被一辆小汽车给撞了。
9.D。从下文可知,小汽车是停下来了,而不是“走过”或“转弯”
10.B。就在这时警察也过来了。其他选项所表达的时间太慢了,根据上下文可知,都是不可能。
11.D。get out 出来。如果要选C得加一个宾语the car 。
12.A。run after 追赶,跟在后面跑。
13.C。应该是在小偷被抓之后,所以这个最为准确。
14.D。in a way 固定短语,“在某种程度上”。 In a word “总而言之”;in a shop “在商店里”;in a moment 一会儿。
6.高考英语完形填空解题技巧 篇六
一、命题趋势
未来高考完型填空题会逐渐摈弃语法分析,朝着深层化和语境化的方面挖掘,因此考生需要借助上下文乃至全文语境的启示,揣摩作者的心情及态度来做题,以及他对各个角色,各个事件的态度。在答题过程中,除了对关联用语的把握外,还要把握语气,动作等的描写。
二、命题特点
1.短文在240—280词之间。一般20个空格,设空平均间距为13个词左右。
2.选材以记叙文为主,夹叙夹议,内容情节深刻,常涉及到人物心理活动的细节描写,篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。
3.以实词考察为主,名、动、形容词、副词约占90%。
4.大部分题从全文出发,根据前后语境或行文逻辑做出判断,体现出了“突出语篇”的命题风格。
三、完形填空分类
(一)记叙文型完形填空
记叙文型完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式。在记事型记叙文的完形填空中,作者在文章的第一句就已经把事件及其发生的时间,地点,人物交代清楚了。然后对这件事情的发生,发展进行陈述。通过对时间的描述,反映出作者的某种思想,最后得出事件产生的结果。记叙文在高考中占很大的比例。这些记叙文有人物故事、历史故事、励志故事等。作者入手的角度也是各有千秋,涉及社会、家庭、历史、文化、健康,当今社会科学的最新发展等各方面,作为每年高考的一个主打体裁,命题人在选材上是绞尽了脑汁,但总体来讲它一般会有以下两个特点。
1.情节曲折,信息量大,结尾往往出人意料。近几年高考完形填空往往在情节上有较大的曲折变化,并且结果出人意料,在文章的写作风格上有作者不再是单纯地叙述某个人,某件事而是在叙述中把对人物的语言、行为、心理活动的描写也都融入了文章的叙述中,这样也就无疑增加了考生理解的难度。
2.文章内容为中学生所关注和熟悉的话题,有亲切感,能引起学生的共鸣。近几年高考完形填空中有很多是反映人际关系,当今科学发展对人际关系的影响等的文章,这些是学生对平时在生活中接触比较多的话题,因此对于学生来说容易接受,没有陌生感。
(二)夹叙夹议型完形填空
此类文章往往是高考中较难的`题目,也是最容易导致失分的一种文章体裁。所选的有关文章蕴含深刻的人生哲理,因此耐人寻味。
从近两年的高考完形填空来看,很多的完形填空往往在平淡的叙述中蕴含深刻的人生哲理,对于这一点考生不但要理解文章的字面意思,更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵,只有做到这一点才能透彻理解文章,做好完形填空。夹叙夹议型的完形填空一般又以下三个特征:
1.先叙述自己的某一个生活经历或见闻,然后真对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法,或揭示生活的真理。
2.作者先提出一种观点或看法。然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明,有时也可能用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。
3.提出一种观点或见解,然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点,最后再进一步的总结和升华。对于夹叙夹议类的完形填空,抓住作者要说明的观点或要阐述的生活哲理是做好这一类型题目的关键,而作者叙述所发生的事件或生活经历只是为表达其思想服务的。
四、完形填空解题技巧
1.跳读首尾句进行预测
一般来讲,高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不设问的。先跳读这两句,便可判断体裁,猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when,where,who,what,即四个W,那么就是记叙文,很可能就是一个故事;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物,一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点,那么就是议论文。
首句往往开宗明义,是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。它们是了解文章大意的窗口,对我们理解全文有启示作用。
2.利用语法分析解题
完形填空虽然以语境填空为主,但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题,考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识,分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物,并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。
3.利用固定搭配解题
完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查,主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态,即所谓的“习语”,不能随意改动。所以,考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题,需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力,特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。
4.利用固定句型解题
完形填空也会考到一些固定句型,考生掌握好这些句型,对确定题目的答案很有帮助。
5.利用复现信息解题
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象,如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现,结构同现,同义同现,修饰同现,因果同现等。因此,利用上下文寻找解题信息,确定正确答案。
6.利用跳读法解题
完形填空要填的20空中总有一些是相对简单的。对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来,之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。
7.巧用排除法解题
在有些情况下,考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案,可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用,缩小选择的范围,提高正确率。
8.利用逻辑关系解题
尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握,就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈,它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落与段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法,我们可以通过确切、具体的线索,把答案的逻辑意义推测出来,从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做,使得题目的难度大大降低。
9.巧用背景常识解题
解答完形填空题时,有时文章中提供的信息还不够,还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑,最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。因此,考生的知识范围越广,则对文章的理解会更容易,整体上知道所选短文在说什么,那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会简单。因此解答完形填空题时,考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识,都发挥着重要的作用。
当对语言的把握不很准确时,可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用,先找出并理解文章主题和主线,并根据主题猜测细节,注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。
10.利用对比结构解题
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。
11.利用平行结构解题
平行结构指的是结构相同或相似,意思密切关联,语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称,内容联系紧密。
命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度,利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。高考完形填空短文常常会出现这样一些平行结构,掌握这些结构极为相似的句子可大大提高我们的解题效率。
12.利用暗示和对应解题
完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和单词的辨析、句子结构的考查等,但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法,是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。
考生在做题时要有全局观念,进行连贯性思维,做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解,进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示,这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。
13.根据文章的感情色彩解题
考生在第一遍通读时,应在掌握文章大意,弄清作者思路的基础上,着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子,这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。
14.综合利用各种线索解题
完形填空题主要考查短文阅读理解的能力。因此考生必须阅读全文,弄清句子与句子之间的关系,准确理解全文。为了答好题,考生必须从字里行间寻找能够利用的线索。如书写和形态变化线索(graphic and morphological clues)、词汇线索(lexical clues)、句法线索(syntactical clues)、社会文化线索(socio-cultural clues),并根据有关的线索进行猜测,作出合理的判断。
五、正确完型填空的解题步骤
细读首句,跳过空格,通读全文,把握大意,结合选项,综合考虑,初定答案,瞻前顾后,先易后难,个个击破,再读全文,反复检查
总之:把握整体,具体分析。
个人建议:
1.学生要扩充词汇量,多积累词汇。
2.固定搭配,语法还需要巩固。有助于学生准确的去理解文章,提高做题的正确率。
3.要掌握完型填空的做题技巧。
7.高考英语完形填空解题全攻略 篇七
1.高考英语完形填空题采用的是一篇300词左右的文章,文章中常设20个空,首句一般不设空。它是一种高难度的障碍性阅读题,旨在考查学生的阅读、理解、分析、判断、推理与实际运用英语语言的能力。完形填空题型复杂,是对考生能力考查最多的一题,涉及词汇的搭配,词义的辨析,逻辑推理等各种知识,要求考生必须具备一定的词汇量和语法知识,而且还要具备一定的阅读理解能力、分析问题并解决问题的能力。考生必须在一定的时间内读懂这篇残缺的文章,理解并领会文章大意,把握作者的写作意图,推断文章的内涵。这样才能根据上下文所提供的语境,运用所学的语言知识以及其他基本技能与常识,对每一小题的选项尽可能做出合理的分析、判断,从而得出正确的答案,使完整后的文章不仅在语法上准确,用词上恰当,而且意思、逻辑无误。
2.完形填空题选材广泛,涉及日常生活、文史知识、故事、社会;体裁多以记叙文、夹叙夹议类文章为主,偶尔也会出现说明文、议论文,文章内容逻辑性强,层次分明。完形填空文章结构严谨,命题原则是:以实词为主,虚词为辅,突出语篇与词汇,强调语言的运用,注重交际。完形填空题大多富有积极的教育意义,给人以人生的启迪或充满生活情趣。
①记叙文型完形填空可分为记人、叙事、写景等。在叙事型记叙文的完形填空中,作者在文章的开始就已经把事件及其发生的时间、地点、人物交代清楚,然后对这件事情的发生、发展进行陈述。通过对事件的叙述,反映出作者的某种思想,最后得出某种结论。记叙文有人物故事、名人传记、逸闻趣事、励志故事等,作者入手的角度也是各有千秋,涉及社会、家庭、历史、文化、健康以及当今社会科学的最新发展等各个方面。作为每年高考的一个主打体裁,为了测试考生对语篇的理解能力,命题人会特别注意选材的趣味性,且结尾往往出人意料,耐人寻味。
②夹叙夹议型完形填空的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的,也是考查最多的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强,文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义。作者首先叙述一件事,在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能传达某种信息或透视某种社会现象,然后对此进行高层次评价,或由此引发一种深层次思考,具有记叙与议论的双重性,文情并茂,发人深思。解题时,应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境,及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。
③议论文型完形填空是高考完形填空题中较难的一种文体,一般由三个要素组成:论点、论据、结论。通常在文章的一开始就提出论点,然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点,论据有时候既有正面的论据,也有反面的论据,最后得出结论,总结全文。有时,先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象,然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点,再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。有时,一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象,不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,自然得出一种结论,这种结论往往就是作者的论点。考生要做好议论文型完形填空,最重要的是要抓住文章的论点。议论型的完形填空一般是直接提出论点,通过论据论证,最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。
④说明文型完形填空选材难度一般低于试卷中的阅读理解题。在说明文型完形填空题中,作者一般首先提出一个要说明的对象,然后按照时间、空间的发展顺序,运用举例、对比、演绎、归纳等方式进行介绍或说明事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。说明文型完形填空常就某一个问题从不同的角度加以说明,文章可以是用来说明某一存在的社会现象,一个产品的制作过程,一种产品的使用方法,某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。对于这一类型的完形填空,最重要的还是要抓住作者说明的中心。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一,作者往往一开始就交代要说明的对象,然后再从不同的角度进行说明。由于以上特点的存在,这类文章的每一段就是其中的一个角度或侧面,所以考生要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意,尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾,作者常对说明的话题进行概括说明。
3.完形填空题文章篇幅小,挖空多,起点高,容量大,干扰项设计严密,一般情况下,四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴,干扰项填入后在语法上一般不存在错误,对考生有很大的迷惑作用。完形填空题主要考查考生在语篇中灵活运用语言知识的能力。这种题型既可以测试词汇、句法等语言方面的知识,又可以考查学生的理解、联想、判断、推理等方面的思维能力,具有较强的区分度,对考生的能力要求较高。完形填空题是学生比较难把握的题型之一,答题时间大约为15~18分钟。考生要想提高完形填空的答题正确率,除了具备比较扎实的语言基础知识和一定的综合运用基础知识的能力外,还必须掌握一定的解题步骤和技巧。
二、解题技巧
1.利用首、尾句来解题,根据全文来选择。
考生要注意分析完形填空题文章的首尾句。完形填空题首句是一个完整的句子,通常不设空,首句有开篇启示的作用,是观察全文的窗口,往往也是演绎型文章的主题句,常常包含着解题所需要的有用信息,能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。由此可掌握作者对人和事物的态度、看法以及主张,从而了解文章的大意。因此我们要充分利用完形填空题首句的提示作用,透过这一“窗口”,展开思维,利用这一“窗口”,为解题找到一个突破口,争取开局顺利。尾句一般是文章的点睛之笔,常常也是归纳型文章的结论语。抓住首尾句有利于加快、加深对文章的理解。
[考例1]How long can human beings live?Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 to live no longer than 120years.However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live—if he or she is2 healthy and lucky.(2015年广东卷)
1.A.designed B.selected
C.improved D.discovered
2.A.completely B.generally
C.apparently D.extremely
sell more papers tonight to make more money...”可知,这个小男孩没有卖完报纸,因此他也不得不带着剩下的报纸而不是钱回家。所以选instead of,意为“而不是”,故第33题选择A项。in return for“作为……的回报”;regardless of“不管,不顾,不论”;in exchange for“以换取……”均不符合题意。
[考例5]40 modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology,companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and 41.(2015年安徽卷)
40.A.Thanks to B.As to
C.Except for D.Regardless of
解析:由上下文可知“公司能够迅速廉价地生产产品”与“现代化的制造业和科技”之间是因果关系,所以第40题选择A项。as to“至于”;except for“除了”;regardless of“不管,不顾,不论”均不符合题意。
②句间逻辑推理:根据文中前后句子间的逻辑关系,判断推理出正确选项。
[考例6]That night,the two of them 36side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud 37filled the room and made them feel very happy.(2015年北京卷)
36.A.sat B.stood
C.lay D.walked
37.A.voice B.ring
C.music D.cry
第36题解析:根据后文“They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.”可知,她们在弹奏爵士乐,自然是坐在钢琴边。故第36题选择A项。
第37题解析:根据前文“They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.”可推测:她们在弹奏爵士乐,所以音乐充满了房间。故第37题选择C项。
[考例7]My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said,“41 (Lost) my job.Family to Feed.”
At this store,a 42 like this is not normal.My 10-year-old noticed him and make a 43(comment) on how bad it must be to have to stand44(outside) in the cold wind.(2015年全国I卷)
42.A condition B.place
C.sight D.show
解析:根据第一段中的“we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said,‘4 1 (Lost) my job.Family to Feed.’”可知,在这家商店,像这样的场景并不常见。故选C表示“某一处的场景”。
③篇章逻辑推理:根据整个篇章的上下文联系及逻辑关系,推断出正确选项。
[考例8]Where do you go when you want to learn something?School?A friend?A tutor?These are all 4 1 (traditional) places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want 42 (lies) somewhere else instead.I had the43 of seeing this first hand on a 44.
My daughter plays on a recreational soccerteam.They did very well this season and so 45 a tournament,which normally was only for more skilled club teams.This led to some 46 experiences on Saturday as they played against teams47 trained.Through the first two games,her48 did not get one serious shot on goal.As a parent,I 49 seeing my daughter playing her best,50 still defeated.(2015年全国II卷)
43.A.dream B.idea
C.habit D.chance
44.A.trip B.holiday
C.weekend D.square
第43题解析:根据第二段可知,作者观看了女儿的比赛后,女儿的经历让作者有机会看到了这样的学习。have the chance of doing sth.意为“有机会做某事”,故第43题选择D项。
第44题解析:由文章第二段中的“This led to some 46 experiences on Saturday”与第三段第一句“It seemed that something clicked with the 51 between Saturday and Sunday.”可知:时间是在周末。故第44题选择C项。
3.利用原词复现,寻找反义词或近义词解题。
被选作完形填空材料的文章一般前后呼应、主题明确,文中往往会有重复出现的词语或者以反义词、近义词等形式出现在语篇中。词语复现的语用意义使语篇中的句子相互衔接与连贯,从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。在阅读文章的过程中,有时会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的反义词或近义词。因此,考生要学会充分利用篇章中重复出现的关键词,对这些词所提供的有效信息进行合理地推断,并能充分理解和掌握篇章的含义,那么解答这类题目时就比较容易答对。
[考例9]The 36(prblem) is that countries around the world have growing mountains of37 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.(2015年安徽卷)
37.A.gifts B.rubbish
C.debt D.products
解析:根据后句“…because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.”可找到复现词rubbish,故第37题选B项。gifts“礼物”;debt“债务”;products“产品”均不符合题意。
[考例10]“Daily Star,sir”called Jason,carrying some newspapers under his arm.The little boy had been running up and down the street,but there were still twenty 31 left.(2015年湖北卷)
31.A.shops B.coins
C.people D.papers
解析:根据前面的句子“‘Daily Star,sir'called Jason,carrying some newspapers under his arm.”中的复现词newspapers可知,第31题选择D项。
[考例11]Finally,the day of the party 46(arrived).Some guests brought presents.Others brought flowers.Some even brought desserts to47(share).One woman,Mrs.Gilbert,48 Dario's mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.(2015年北京卷)
48.A.treated B.presented
C.helped D.served
解析:根据倒数第三段中的“She pointed to the book she had given them.”可知,Mrs.Gilbert送给了Dario的妈妈一本音乐书,与give意思相近的词是present,意为“赠送,交给”,故第48题选择B项。
[考例12]Several years ago I 37(received)a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry,who described herself as a world-class fault-finder,almost always 38 by things.People were always doing things that annoyed her,and 39 (onthing)was ever good enough.(2015年福建卷)
38.A.threatened B.interrupted
C.bothered D.spoiled
解析:根据后句“People were always doing things that annoyed her”可知,第38题所填词与annoyed是同义词;再根据“这个名叫Kerry的女孩自称自己是一个世界级的找错者,她总是被各种事情困扰着。”可知,本空选C项,意为“烦扰,烦恼”。threaten“威胁”;interrupt“打断,打扰”;spoil“损坏,溺爱”均不符合题意。
[考例13]The next morning,38(however),their happiness disappeared.Someone had left a39 under their door during the night.(2015年北京卷)
39.A.note B.poster
C.bill D.report
解析:根据文章倒数第5段中的“So I wrote a short note.”可找到复现词note,这是由Mrs.Gilbert留的一张便条,故第39题选择A项。
4.从常识和文化背景的角度来选择。
英语教学大纲要求学生在平时的生活、学习中增进对外国文化,特别是英语国家的文化、社会风俗习惯、历史事件、地理位置的了解。完形填空题是以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息,其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与文化背景知识。高中生已经掌握了丰富的跨文化背景知识和生活常识,具备了一定的判断能力。如果学生能运用常识和文化背景知识,注意中西方文化方面的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,以节省宝贵的时间,从而顺着作者的思路顺利地找到答案。
[考例14]To—51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52,more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.(2015年安徽卷)
51.A.show B.record
C.decrease D.measure
52.A.technology B.environment
C.consumers D.brands
解析:根据常识以及句间逻辑可知,为了减少垃圾、保护环境,越来越多的政府要求人们循环使用材料。所以第51题选择C项,第52题选择B项。
[考例15]On the surface,these people seem to be very lucky in life.As they left student life behind,many had a 23 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar,shook hands with longtime roommates,and 24(moved) out of small apartments into high buildings.(2015年浙江卷)
23.A.last B.least
C.second D.best
解析:根据文中的“and 24 out of small apartments into high buildings.”以及“他们告别学生时代的生活,去他们廉价而友善的当地酒吧喝了最后一场酒,并从小公寓里搬到高楼里住了。”可知,第23题选择A项。
5.利用连接词和过渡词解题。
语篇是由句子构成的,但是如果一组意义相关的句子不通过一定的连接词、过渡词语或其他连句手段合乎逻辑地连接起来,那么这组句子就不能构成篇章,也就是说,起衔接作用的语篇标记语在语篇中的作用相当重要。表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有:but,yet,however,while,otherwise,thus,therefore,so等;表示因果关系的有:because (of),since,as,thanks to,as a result (of);表示文章结构层次的语篇标志语有:firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally等;表示递进关系的语篇标志语有:what's more,besides,to make the matter worse,what's worse,furthermore等;表示时间关系的语篇标志语有:before,later,yet,so far,meanwhile等;表示改变话题的语篇标志语有:by the way等;以及冒号、破折号与插入语等。在做完形填空题时,如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,考生就可以迅速理清文章脉络,弄清上下文的关系。
[考例16]To 51 (decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52(environment),more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.53,this is not enough to solve (解决)our problem.(2015年安徽卷)
53.A.However B.Otherwise
C.Therefore D.Meanwhile
解析:根据前后句的句意“为了减少垃圾、保护环境,越来越多的政府要求人们循环使用材料。然而,只是要求人们循环利用还是远远不够的。”可知,前后句之间有转折关系,所以用however意为“然而”,故第53题选择A项。otherwise“要不然”;therefore“因此”;meanwhile“在此期间,与此同时”均不符合题意。
[考例17]My fiance (未婚夫)and I were excited about shopping for our first home.But our funds were 16,and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.(2015年天津卷)
16.A.needed B.limited
C.enough D.large
解析:根据下一句“…and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.”可知,我们的财力有限。故第16题选择B项。
[考例18]Companies 45 thousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates,plastic cups,and cameras,to name a few.(2015年安徽卷)
45.A.donate B.receive
C.produce D.preserve
解析:冒号后面的“paper plates,plastic cups,and cameras,to name a few.”是对前句作解释说明:公司生产(produce)了成千上万种不同种类的一次性产品。故第45题选择C项。
6.从语法角度来解题。
对句法与词法的考查也是高考命题的取向之一,主要考查从句、分词、不定式、主谓一致、虚拟语气等。不仅要求考生能理解上下文的逻辑关系,还要能明白语法结构、句式特点,以及待选的选项在句中充当何种成分;再根据词法确定应选的词类,从而迅速选出答案。如选用动词就要考虑动词应用何种时态、语态、主谓一致等问题,因此运用语法知识来解题也是可行的。
[考例19]When we handed him the bag of52(food),he lit up and thanked us with 53(watery) eyes.When I handed him the gift card,saying he could use it for 54 his family might need,he burst into tears.(2015年全国I卷)
54.A.whoever B.whatever
C.whichever D.whenever
解析:根据句法可知,动词need后缺少宾语,句中没有确定的范围,所以应用连接代词whatever意为“无论什么”,故第54题选择B项。whoever“无论谁”;whichever“无论哪一个”,有一定的范围,既可指人,也可指物;whenever“无论何时”均不符合题意。
[考例20]When it's nighttime,try to sleep.In that case,eat before the flight,34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping.(2015年重庆卷)
34.A.though B.so
C.whole D.or
解析:根据句法可知,此句是个并列句,表示转折关系,所以应选or,意为“否则”,所用的句式是“祈使句+or+一般陈述句”。故第34题选择D项。
[考例21]Where do you go when you want to learn something?School?A friend?A tutor?These are all 41 (traditional) places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want 42 somewhere else instead.(2015年全国II卷)
42.A.passes B.works
C.lies D.ends
解析:根据句法可知,the learning后接定语从句“you really want”,所以这里应填作谓语的动词。“It may well be that…”意为“……很有可能”,lie意为“位于”,故第42题选择C项。
7.从惯用法、固定搭配和句式方面来解题。
完形填空题对词汇的考查主要体现在惯用法、固定搭配、同义词与近义词的辨析这几个方面。应特别注意:逻辑搭配(过渡词、连接手段、指示代词、肯定、否定等);语义搭配(辨别同义词、近义词、反义词等);结构搭配(名词、动词、形容词等在句中或文中和其他词的搭配);固定短语和固定句式也是较常出现的考查方向。
对词汇辨析能力的考查主要集中在名词、动词、形容词和副词上,选项往往以同义词、近义词、反义词或拼写相近、容易混淆词的词形出现。其中,由于篇章中会带有作者的主观意识,因此在形容词或者副词的考查上会出现感情色彩的辨析。
在阅读完形填空文章的过程中,有时会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词、近义词、反义词。因此,要学会充分利用这些词所提供的有效信息进行合理的推测和判断,从而选出正确的答案。同时,完形填空的文章往往具有一定的感情基调,而词汇的褒贬义和中性含义,能够考查考生对于整篇文章感情色彩的体验。这就要求考生在平时的学习中要能不断地积累和掌握惯用法、固定搭配、熟词生义以及在不同语境中词的内涵与外延。
[考例22]Several years ago I 37 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry,who described herself as a world-class fault-finder,almost always 38(bothered) by things.(2015年福建卷)
37.A.received B.answered
C.expected D.rejected
解析:根据句中“…a letter from...”可联想到固定搭配“receive a letter from...”,故第37题选择A项,意为“收到”。answered“回答”;expected“期望”;rejected“排斥”均不符合题意。
[考例23]Over the next few days,they sentout invitations and prepared desserts 45 their guests.(2015年北京卷)
45.A.to B.with
C.for D.from
解析:“prepare...for...”是固定搭配,意为“为……准备……”,故第45题选择C项。
[考例24]My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said,“41 my job.Family to Feed.”(2015年全国I卷)
41.A.Lost B.Changed
C.Quit D.Finished
解析:“lose one's job”是固定搭配,意为“失业”,故第41题选择A项。
[考例25]Dario and his mother loved their new apartment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That night,the two of them 36(sat) side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud 37(music) filled the room and made them feel very happy.
The next morning,38,their happiness dis-appeared.Someone had left a 39(note) under their door during the night.(2015年北京卷)
38.A.therefore B.however
C.otherwise D.instead
解析:根据“The loud 37(music) filled theroom and made them feel very happy.”以及“their happiness disappeared.”可知,上一段的欢乐气氛与下文的幸福一下子消失形成强烈对比,所以第38题需填一个逻辑关系为转折关系的副词,故第38题选择B项,意为“然而”。therefore“因此”;otherwise“否则”;instead“代替”均不符合题意。
8.运用排比结构和对比结构来解题。
“排比结构”指的是结构相同或相似,意思密切关联,语气一致的句子或短语成串排列的语言现象。命题者通常利用排比结构中的关联或对比这一特点来设空。“对比”又称“对照”,常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列起来加以比较或对比,从而突出主题。
[考例26]When we handed him the bagof 52 (food),he lit up and thanked us with53 eyes.When I handed him the gift card,saying he could use it for 54(whatever) his family might need,he burst into tears.(2015年全国I卷)
53.A.sleepy B.watery
C.curious D.sharp
解析:句中两个when引导的时间状语从句结构相似,再根据后句中的“he burst into tears”可知,第53题应填watery,意为“潮湿的”。sleepy“瞌睡的”;curious“好奇的”;sharp“锋利的”均不符合题意。
[考例27]The music allowed me to learnthat teaching is about sharing and respect,tears and smiles,the knowing and the 46 and,most of all,an understanding of each other.(2015年湖南卷)
46.A.unprepared B.unspoken
C.unknown D.unforgotten
解析:根据前文中的the knowing“已知的”和其后面的and连接两个对等成分,构成类似前文tears and smiles的对比结构,可知第46题应填unknown,意为“未知的”。unprepared“未准备好的”;unspoken“无言的”;unforgotten“难忘的”均不符合题意。
9.运用排除法解题。
在有些情况下,考生如果不能很有把握地直接选出某一道题的答案,运用排除法也是一种行之有效的解题方法。可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用,把不相关的或意义相矛盾的选项排除掉,从而缩小范围,排除干扰项,提高正确率。
[考例28]Finally,the day of the party 46(arrived).Some guests brought presents.Others brought flowers.Some even brought desserts to
47.One woman,Mrs.Gilbert,48(presented)Dario's mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.(2015年北京卷)
47.A.order B.sell
C.share D.advertise
解析:根据常识可知甜点是吃的东西,客人把甜点带到派对上“订购”、“卖”与“做广告”都与文中语境不符,均应排除,故第47题应选择C项,意为“分享”。
三、解题策略
1.跳过空格,通读全文,了解大意,统揽全局。
完形填空题侧重考查考生对文章的整体理解与把握程度,其中很多题只能在透彻理解文章内容之后才能得出正确答案。因此在解题时,跳过空格来阅读整篇文章能帮助学生理解文章的中心,同时考生要注意语境和相关提示,尤其需要注意文章首句的启示性,文章首句往往是全文的关键句,是文章的“窗口”,通过首句可以了解文章的大意和作者的写作意图,且首句的时态往往确定了文章的基本时态,因此不要急于选择答案,力求通篇考虑,整体理解。如果提笔就填,势必由于“见木不见林”而事倍功半。须知文章的上下文之间是紧密联系的。某一局部成立的答案如果放到全文中去考虑,也许就不能成立,只有抓住全篇文章的主旨,才能选出既合乎语言规范,又合乎文章内容的答案。
如果通读一遍后,仍不能理解全文,则应冷静下来再读,切忌在不了解全文意义的情况下边读边填。遇到生词要区别对待,若该生词表示的是无关紧要的信息,可直接跳过去;若该生词影响你理解全文,则可利用上下文、构词法等多种猜测词义的技巧来猜测该生词的含义。如果设空处影响你对文章的理解,可将备选项代入空档,从中找到可用的理解线索。
每篇文章都是一个有机的整体,段与段之间在逻辑上必然前呼后应,句与句之间在意义上总是有着不同程度的联系。答题前先通览全文,就能把握住文章的主题,理清文章的脉络,了解作者的思路。答题时,要瞻前顾后,放眼全篇,切不可将思维局限在一两个空档或一两句话上。
2.结合选项,全篇考虑,初定答案。
在理解文章大意的基础上,就可以按照文章的先后顺序,边读边答题。但这也并不意味着要依次一下子填好所有空档,可先借助自己的语感,利用上下文提供的情境,推测出可能的答案,再结合备选项进行验证。答题时还必须做到先易后难,对每一题的各选项进行比较、分析,通过逻辑思维,上下文的内在含义和结构联系,排除明显错误,缩小选择范围,选出最佳答案。
先做最有把握、最熟悉的短语、惯用法、动词的时态与语态和语言结构的题目。对那些较难的空档,可试着将各个选项一一代入空格,然后从词汇意义以及用法、习惯搭配、常识、逻辑推理以及上下文等角度,进行认真分析、比较,力求找出合情合理的答案。
有时,前后信息之间还有相互提示的作用。做题时,切忌拘泥于某个单句所提供的语境,不能单从局部的词义和语法来理解,应从全文内容出发,抓住文章的内在逻辑,不断深入理解,得出符合逻辑的正确答案。
总之,遇到疑难空档时应该冷静、谨慎,切忌草率从事。否则,一旦选错一档,就可能影响其他,形成连锁反应。
3.复读全文,反复检查,核对答案。
做完所有题目后,必须复读全文,全面检查所选的答案是否选词得当,在文章的结构上、语法要求和内容的逻辑上能否使文章的行文流畅,意义连贯,逻辑关系合理。若有不合语感、题意或语言规范之处,应审慎调整答案,力求做到万无一失。
因此,要想在2016年高考中取得好成绩,除了掌握以上基本应对技巧和解题策略外,平时还必须增加适当的练习,从实践中不断总结经验,感悟词语辨析、搭配,提高对文章进行逻辑判断与推理的能力,既要能看懂表层的意思,又要能理解深层次的含义。运用答题策略,掌握答题技巧,从而提高解题的准确性。
四、模拟演练
(一)
When I first met Alexander he said to me inRussian:“Nalei umye chai”=“pour me some tea”,I got very angry and 1,“Pour it yourself”.Translated into English,without“Could you…?”and a“please”,it sounded really 2 to me.But in Russian it is fine—you don't have to3 any polite words.
However,when I took Alexander home tomeet my parents in the UK,I had to give him an important 4 in pleases and thankyous,which he thought were completely 5 to teach him to say sorry6 someone else stepped on his toe,and to smile all the time.
Alexander 7 that in England he felt“like the village idiot”8 in Russia if you smile all the time people think that you are 9.In fact,this is exactly what my husband's friends thought of me the first time I went to Russia,where I 10 at everyone,and translated every“please”and“thankyou”from English into Russian!
Another thing that Alexander just couldn't11 was why people said things like“Wouldyou mind passing me the salt,please?”He said,“It's 12 the salt,for goodness sake!”
He also watched 13 when at dinner partyin England,we swallowed some really 14 food and I said“Mmm…delicious”.In Russia,people are much more 15.The first time Alexander's mother came for dinner in Moscow,she told me that my soup 16 more flavoring (调料).Afterwards,when we 17 about it my husband said,"Do you prefer your dinner guests to 18?”
At house we now have an agreement.If weare speaking Russian,he can say“pour me some tea”and just make a 19 like a grunt(咕哝)when I give it to him.20,when we are speaking English,he has to add a“please”,a“thankyou”,and a smile.
1.A.ordered B.cried
C.answered D.appealed
2.A.familiar B.rude
C.interesting D.embarrassing
3.A.add B.apply
C.correct D.bear
4.A.warning B.explanation
C.experience D.course
5.A.unsatisfactory B.unexpected
C.unnecessary D.unchangeable
6.A.even if B.now that
C.in case D.so that
7.A.agreed B.concluded
C.complained D.proved
8.A.while B.because
C.though D.before
9.A.polite B.excited
C.nervous D.mad
10.A.shouted B.looked
C.smiled D.wondered
11.A.understand B.accept
C.know D.remember
12.A.even B.almost
C.still D.only
13.A.hopefully B.amazedly
C.peacefully D.doubtfully
14.A.tasty B.common
C.unpleasant D.healthy
15.A.fit B.practical
C.proper D.direct
16.A.served B.needed
C.became D.created
17.A.argued B.cared
C.worried D.thought
18.A.pay B.lie
C.react D.chat
19.A.noise B.comment
C.warning D.choice
20.A.Therefore B.Anyhow
C.Otherwise D.However
(二)
It was Mother's Day morning and I was doingsome shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son,Tenyson.
As we were leaving,we found that an elderlywoman had fallen over at the 1 and had hit her head on the concrete.Her 2 was with her,but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly 3.Walking 4 the scene,Tenyson became very upset about5 had happened to the couple.He said to me,“Mum,it's not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”
At the front of the supermarket,a charitygroup had set up a 6 selling cooked sausages and flowers to 7 funds.Tenyson 8 that we should buy the lady a flower.“It will make her feel9,”he said.I was 10 that he'd 11 such a sweet idea.So we went over to the flower seller and asked her 12 we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.“Just take it,”she 13.“I can't take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”
14 we walked up to her,my son becamefrightened by all the blood and medical equipment.He said he was just too 15 to go up to her.16,I gave the flower to the woman's husband and told him,“My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”
17 that,the old man started crying andsaid,"Thank you so much,you have a wonderful son.Happy Mother's Day to you.”
The man then bent down and gave his wifethe flower,18 her who it was from.19 badly
第1题解析:由文章首句可知,文章的主题是“一个人究竟能活多长?”;再根据文中study old age与human body可判断:按照人体的构造,人类被定格为活不过120岁。design意为“设计”,符合此题语境,故第1题选择A项。
第2题解析:如果一个人非常健康和幸运的话,他可能能活到1 10岁,这个是任何人都希望能活到的年龄。extremely为副词,修饰healthy and lucky,表示“非常健康和幸运”。故可知第2题选择D项。
[考例2]Where do you go when you want tolearn something?School?A friend?A tutor?These are all 41 places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want42 somewhere else instead.(2015年全国Ⅱ卷)
41.A.public B.traditional
C.official D.special
解析:根据“School?A friend?A tutor?”可知,这些都是传统的学习场所,故第41题选择B项,意为“传统的”。public意为“公共的”;official意为“官方的”;special意为“特殊的”均不符合语境。
[考例3]The music allowed me to learn thatteaching is about sharing and respect,tears and smiles,the knowing and the 46(unknown) and,most of all,an understanding of each other.This was the power that 47 in the classroom could have.(2015年湖南卷)
47.A.games B.music
C.tears D.knowledge
解析:根据整篇文章,特别是本段中的“The music allowed me to learn that teaching is about sharing and respect,tears and smiles,the knowing and the 46 (unknown) and,most of all,an understanding of each other.”可知,最后一句作者旨在总结全文,突出文章的中心:这就是课堂音乐所拥有的力量。故第47题选择B项。
2.依据上下文语境、逻辑推理来解题。
上下文是营造语境的基础,也是逻辑推理的依据。在完形填空中大部分选项只看动词的结构功能是很难判断出正确答案的,所以要通过分析上下文情景和句子之间的逻辑关系,抓住上下文中的排比、对比、并列、因果、转折、用途等线索,根据事情发展的先后顺序以及后文中的提示与解释,并进行充分利用是做好完形填空题的关键。同时我们还要运用逻辑推理,挖掘出在特定语境中所表达的隐含信息,才能有利于我们选出正确答案。
①句中逻辑推理:根据选项所在句子中的逻辑关系,选择正确选项。
[考例4]The little boy had been running up and down the street,but there were still twenty31(papers) left.His voice was almost gone and his heart was 32.The shops would soon close,and all the people would go home.He would have to go home too,carrying the papers 33 money.He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a 34(cake) for his mother and some seeds for his bird.(2015年湖北卷)
32.A.open B.heavy
C.pure D.weak
33.A.instead of B.in return for
C.regardless of D.in exchange for
第32题解析:32题所在句是由and引导的并列句,第32题所填的词应与其前的gone是同类词;再根据语境“这个小男孩还剩下20份报纸没有卖出去,但商店很快将要关门了,人们也将要回家了。”可推测出他的心很沉重,故第32题选择B项。
第33题解析:根据后句“He had hoped to hurt and shaken,the old lady looked 20 at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.
1.A.entrance B.front
C.middle D.end
2.A.son B.husband
C.daughter D.friend
3.A.in time B.in case
C.in shock D.in short
4.A.towards B.through
C.over D.by
5.A.which B.that
C.who D.what
6.A.building B.study
C.notice D.stand
7.A.get B.make
C.raise D.rise
8.A.suggested B.asked
C.told D.admitted
9.A.less B.more
C.worse D.better
10.A.angry B.happy
C.amazed D.sad
11.A.catch up with B.come up with
C.get away with D.put up with
12.A.because B.though
C.if D.when
13.A.asked B.replied
C.repeated D.received
14.A.As B.Since
C.For D.With
15.A.energetic B.scared
C.satisfied D.excited
16.A.Instead B.However
C.Also D.So
17.A.For B.At
C.About D.Of
18.A.talking B.begging
C.ordering D.telling
19.A.When B.Because
C.Why D.Though
20.A.away B.off
C.up D.down
(三)
Everybody knows how to learn.Learning is anatural thing.It begins the1 we are born.Our first teachers are our family.At home we learn to talk and to 2 and feed ourselves.We learn these and other skills by 3.
Then we go to school.A teacher tells us4 to learn and how to learn.Many teachers teach us,and we pass many tests and exams.Then people say we are 5.
Are we really educated?Let's 6 the realmeaning of learning.Knowing facts doesn't7 being able to solve problems.Solving problems requires creativity,not just a good 8.Some people who don't know many 9 can also be good at solving problems.
Henry Ford is a good 10.He left school atthe age of 15.Later,when his company couldn't build cars 11 enough,he solved the problem.He 12 of the assembly line.Today the answer seems 13.Yet,just think of the many university graduates who 14 solve any problems.
What does a good teacher do?Does he15 students facts to remember?Well,yes,wemust sometimes remember facts.But a good teacher 16 how to find answers.He brings us to the stream of knowledge so we can think for ourselves.When we are 17,we know where to go.
True learning combines intake with output.We take information 18 our brains.Then we use it.Think of a 19;it stores a lot of information,but it can't think.It only obeys commands.A person who only remember facts hasn't really learned.Learning takes 20 only when a person can use what he knows.
1.A.month B.minute
C.time D.day
2.A.wear B.put on
C.have on D.dress
3.A.asking B.listening
C.following D.drilling
4.A.what B.when
C.that D.who
5.A.controlled B.educated
C.suffered D.passed
6.A.pick up B.turn away
C.set out D.think about
7.A.mean B.say
C.suggest D.show
8.A.word B.thing
C.memory D.condition
9.A.people B.facts
C.techniques D.ways
10.A.learner B.teacher
C.example D.driver
11.A new B.fast
C.beautiful D.cheap
12.A.complained B.heard
C.talked D.thought
13.A.ordinary B.strange
C.simple D.special
14.A.never B.almost
C.seldom D.ever
15.A.make B.understand
C.master D.give
16.A.knows B.shows
C.orders D.encourages
17.A.thirsty B.tired
C.bored D.free
18.A.of B.for
C.about D.into
19.A.radio B.computer
C.record D.machine
20.A.measures B.notes
C.place D.time
(四)
“Mum,you're always on the computer!”Laure complained.
“No,I'm not.”I 1.
“Every day I come home from school you'reworking on the computer.”
“Well,at least I'm here 2 you!”
My daughter was right.Day after day,in myhome office,I would stare into space as my3 typed out the thoughts of a speaker or research completed for an article.It seemed that my work as a writer and speaker 4 my fingers to the keyboard and my mind to valuable ideas.What Laure did not5 was that during her day away,I'd also be doing a lot of housework.It was only around three in the afternoon that I'd6 seat myself at my desk for a few 7 moments of deep thought.Then she'd come in from school.
I was 8 of myself on being available tomy children.After all,I am a speaker on child behavior and parenting.But Laure's observation9 my heart.In her eyes,I must have been a mom who was 10 but unapproachable.I wouldn't make such an image before her.My relationship with my children is more 11 than any other work.
“Laure,”I called.“come here a minute.”
She wandered to my doorway.I had decidedto have her 12 me when I was too devoted to work.I wanted her to have the 13 to let me know when she thought I was cold.
After I explained my 14 and the fact thatI chose home office to be accessible to her and her sister,I offered Laure the following 15.
“Whenever you feel I'm ignoring you or youneed my 16,I want you to 17 me,”I said,“just come up and give me a little hug,that'll be our signal that you 18 me.”
Years later we still have that 19 sign.I've become much more sensitive to my daughters'comings and goings.20 she always gives me a little hug to remind me of the real reason I work at home.
1.A.thought B.defended
C.refused D.agreed
2.A.against B.over
C.for D.after
3.A.hands B.feet
C.eyes D.ears
4.A.gave B.turned
C.connected D.added
5.A.admit B.recognize
C.believe D.realize
6.A.luckily B.gradually
C.finally D.instantly
7.A.precious B.anxious
C.busy D.rare
8.A.ashamed B.proud
C.afraid D.scared
9.A.filled B.broke
C.mended D.touched
10.A.suitable B.acceptable
C.available D.reasonable
11.A.funny B.important
C.obvious D.wonderful
12.A.warn B.persuade
C.remind D.encourage
13.A.patience B.time
C.honor D.power
14.A.schedule B.dream
C.pattern D.choice
15.A.chance B.promise
C.answer D.truth
16.A.attention B.help
C.decision D.advice
17.A.shake B.hug
C.kiss D.kick
18.A.miss B.hate
C.scold D.need
19.A.unknown B.unexpected
C.unspoken D.unfinished
20.A.But B.And
C.Or D.Yet
参考答案:
(一)
1—5 CBADC 6—10ACBDC
11—15 ADBCD 16—20 BABAD
(二)
1—5 ABCAD 6—10 DCADC
11—15 BCBAB 16—20 ABDDC
(三)
1—5 BDCAB 6—10 DACBC
11—15 BDCAD 16—20 BADBC
(四)
1—5 BCACD 6—10 CABDC
8.高考英语完形填空五大突破法 篇八
直接训练法
这种方法也叫常规训练法,就是我们经常做完形的方法——拿到题后直接做题。这种方法要求大家一定要注意以下几点:一是训练时一定要在规定的时间内完成答题(完成高考英语完形题的理想时间是15分钟左右)。二是从重视对单句的理解提高到重视对语篇的理解。三是注意分析自己做错题的原因——是词法问题还是语法问题,是基本功问题还是做题技巧问题。
无单词障碍训练法
许多中等程度以下的同学在做题时最大的障碍是词汇问题。不认识的词,词的引申义或词的固定搭配都让大家感到棘手。事实上,在完形题的20个小题中,一般有12~17个小题都是考查词义辨析和固定搭配的。所以,突破了词汇,完形就有希望了。无单词障碍训练法,就是要求大家在做题之前查出文章当中所有不会的词汇,在没有词汇障碍的情况下再做题。如果你在查完单词没有词汇障碍的情况下能够全部做对或做对18个小题以上,那说明你原来完形题不能得高分的根本原因就是词汇没过关。无单词障碍训练法能够通过词汇的查阅和学习帮助大家积累丰富的词汇,能够帮助大家在具体语境中灵活掌握词汇的用法。同时,完形平时训练得分升高也有助于增强自己对完形必胜的信心。
搁置训练法
很多情况下,我们在做了很多题或者状态不太好时,往往做完完形题后还不知其所云,或者根本没有心情对句子成分及文章结构进行划分与分析,这就容易导致连环出错。在平时训练中,大家可以在做完一篇完形后,先把它放在一边,等过一段时间状态较好时再拿出这篇完形题重做一遍。这时你会发现前几天不理解的句子突然理解了,前几天忘记了的单词突然知道意思了,文章行文逻辑也清晰了。这种搁置训练法用在考场上,就是要求大家在做完整篇完形的所有小题后回过头来检查。二次做题有助于对文章整体的把握和对词句细节的理解。
改造训练法
有的人认为,做一篇完形题,做完对对答案就完事了。其实这是没有理解完形题的训练功能的表现。通过做完形题可以有效地训练词法、语法和章法。因为,只有认真分析完形题原文中的词、选项中的词,以及命题者的命题思路,才可能对文章的词法、语法、章法及其所承载的文化有真正的理解。改造训练法就是要求大家对完形题进行改造,将其改成阅读题、语法题、改错题或者对原文设置的选项进行改造后来进行训练。
比如,有这样一段完形(此处节选首段)文章:The incident took place on Sunday, the 25th of June. 1that particular day, a south wind had been gusting (刮) on and off all morning. It was not strong enough to cause us any 2, so we carried on with our daily work, not suspecting what was about to3 .
1. A. InB. On C. ToD. After
2. A. imaginationB. service
C. wishD. concern
3. A. happenB. waste
C. determineD. become
我们将其改造成阅读题:
The incident took place on Sunday, the 25th of June. On that particular day, a south wind had been gusting (刮) on and off all morning. It was not strong enough to cause us any concern, so we carried on our daily work not suspecting what was about to happen.
Q: When a south wind was gusting all morning, ___________.
A. the family paid no attention to it
B. the family were extremely worried
C. the family were preparing for the worst
D. the family faced the storm bravely
我们再将其改造成改错题:
1. The incident took place on Sunday, the 25th of June. √
2. On that particularly day, a south wind had been√
3. gusting(刮) on and off all morning. It is not strongis→was
4. enough ∧ cause us any concern, so we carriedenough∧→to
5. on our daily work not suspecting that was about to happen.
that→what
我们还可将其改造成单选题:
1. The incident took place on _____ Sunday, the 25th of June. On that particular day, ____ south wind had been gusting on and off all morning.
A. the; aB. the; theC. the; /D. /; a
2. It was not strong enough to cause us any concern, _____ we carried on our daily work not suspecting what was about to happen.
A. neverthelessB. viaC. butD. so
改造训练法是一种非常好的方法,通过以各类题型为载体的反复训练,大家可以将文章中所有的考点消化吸收并有效拓展。大家最好和同学组成小组来使用这种训练方法,即按照“你出题我来做,我出题你来做”的方式进行。当然,如果情况允许,还可以请老师帮忙来进行题型改造——这样出题质量会更高,训练效果会更好。
无选项训练法
这种训练方法就是要求大家在没有选项的情况下对空缺处进行补充。这种方法有利于大家对完形全文的语句结构和行文逻辑进行剖析,有助于培养发散性思维。并且,做完后思考自己在填词过程中所犯错误的过程也是一个提升自我改错能力的过程。这种方法要求大家在做题中运用精读和跳读的阅读技巧,首先把握全文大意,再对浮现在大脑中的备选词条进行具体语境下的择优选择和初步填空,然后运用英语语法、英语短语或惯用法的搭配知识对语法类、固定搭配类空缺进行补充修正。做完练习后,核对答案。如果自己做出的答案与原文或命题专家所设置的选项有很大的出入,一定要请教老师,找出原因并加以理解。
以上是突破高考英语完形填空的几种有效方法,希望能对大家有所帮助!
Legendary Athletes of the Ancient Olympic Games (I)
古代奥运会的传奇运动员(上)
Boxer Melankomas
拳击手梅兰科马斯
他是从不还击的奥运拳击手,然而他的对手却纷纷在他面前倒下。
The boxer Melankomas became famous for his very unique style of boxing. He won many victories, but he never once hit an opponent or was hit by one. Melankomas believed that to hit someone else, or to be hit himself, was to show a lack of bravery. Spectators enjoyed watching as he defended himself against the blows (击打) from his opponents without striking (打) them. He eventually left his opponents so exhausted (疲惫的), and so frustrated (泄气的) that they could not hit him, that they would give up and admit defeat. He could fight throughout the whole day, even in the summer, and he refused to strike his opponents even though he knew by doing so he would quickly end the match and win.
No doubt his success was due in large part to his harsh training. Melankomas exercised far more than the other athletes. Indeed, one story relates(讲述) that the boxer went for two straight days with his arms up, not once putting them down or resting.
作者简介:
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