英语知识点汇总(精选8篇)
1.英语知识点汇总 篇一
Unit 1 Topic 1
I.重点词组
1.take photos 照相
2.learn…from…向……学习
3.in detail 详细地
4.in order to为了
5.give support to… 为……提供帮助
6.see sth.oneself 亲眼所见某物
7.keep in touch with 与……保持联系
8.sorts of各种各样的 9.make progress 取得进步
10.draw up 起草,拟定
11.thanks to 由于
II.重点句型
1.In one place I saw children working for a cruel boss.在一处我看到了孩子们为残忍的老板干活。
2.I felt sorry for them.我对他们深表同情。
3.Where have you been, Jane? 你去过哪里,简?
4.She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer.她去古巴当志愿者了。
5.There goes the bell.铃响了。
6.Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy.虽然我没有时间去旅行,但是我仍然感到很开心。
7.Now our country has developed rapidly.现在我们国家发展迅速。
III.语法
1.现在完成时态的构成:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词
e.g.You have just come back from your hometown.2.现在完成时态的句式:
e.g.(1)I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.(2)I haven’t seen him for a long time.(3)Where have you been?
(4)——Have you ever cleaned a room? ——Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.3.have/ has been与 have/has gone 的区别
have/has been to sp.表示曾经到过某地—— have/has gone to sp.表示已经去了某地
e.g.(1)I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.(2)She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer.Unit 1 Topic 2
I.重点词组
1.get lost 迷路
2.each other 彼此
3.at least 至少
4take place发生
5because of 因为
6.be strict with sb.对某人严格要求
7.carry out 实行
8.be short of 缺乏
9.take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
10.be known as… 作为……而著名
11.work well in doing…在……方面起作用
12.a couple of 一些
13keep up with赶上,跟上
II.重点句型
1.Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗?
2.——I really hate to go shopping.我的确讨厌购物。——So do I.我也如此。
3.But it seems that their living conditions were not very good.但是似乎他们的生活条件不太好。
4.But great changes have already taken place in China recently.但是近来中国已发生了巨大的变化。
5.Because of the one-child policy, now most families have only one child.由于我国独生子女政策的实行,现在大部分家庭只有一个孩子。
6.What’s the population of the U.S.A.?美国的人口是多少?
7.——What’s more, the population in developing countries is growing faster.——So it is.而且,发展中国家的人口在更快地发展。的确如此。
8.Our government has taken many measures to control the population.我们的政府已采取了许多控制人口的措施。
III.语法:
常用于现在完成时的时间状语:already, just , yet, ever, never, recently.e.g.1.I have just called you.2.——Have you ever been to France? ——No, I’ve never been to any European countries.3.——Have you seen him yet? ——Yes, I have seen him already.Unit 1 Topic 3
I.重点词组
1.get used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于……
2.as a matter of fact 事实上
3.break out 爆发
4.live a hard life 过着艰难的生活
5.in need of 需要
6.provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.提供某物给某人
7.one’s success in doing sth.成功完成某事
8.obey strict rules 遵守严格的规则
9.take drugs 吸毒
10.aim to do sth.目的是
11.in the past sixteen years 在过去的十六年里
12.at home and abroad 在国内外
13.pay for 付款
14.thousands of 成千上万的 II.重点句型
1You must come for a visit.请你一定来参观。
2Well, once they find people in deed, they decide on suitable ways to help them.他们一旦发现有人需要帮助, 就选定适当的方式来帮助他们。
3I think it is important for these people to feel good about themselves.我认为对于这些人来说,自我感觉良好是重要的。
4The world has changed for the better.世界变得更加美好。
5With the money, it has built thousands of schools and trained 2,300 teachers.它用这钱修建了数千所学校和图书馆并且培训了2300名教师。
III.语法
1.现在完成时: 常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在。
e.g.You have been in New York for a long time.The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.2.构词法:
合成词: home +work= homework
派生词: use——useful, happy——unhappy
仁爱英语九年级Unit2语言点归纳 Unit 2 Topic 1
I.重点词组
1.chemical factory 化工厂
2.pour… into… 把……排放到……
3.in a bad mood 处在不好的情绪中
4.manage to do sth.设法去做某事
5.do harm to … / be harmful to… 对……有害
6.quite a few 相当多
7.no better than 同…….一样差
8.in pubic 公开地
9.all sorts of 各种各样的 10.in many ways 在许多方面
II.重点句型
1.Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the streams.看, 有几家化工厂正往河里排放废水.2.Everything has changed.一切已发生了变化.3.How long have you been like this? 你像这样多长时间了?
4.I’m always in a bad mood because I can’t stand the environment here.我的情绪总是很差因为我受不了这里的环境.5.However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans’ health.然而,并非所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染, 而且有害于人类健康.III.语法
直接引语和间接引语
1.Granny said, “I’m feeling even worse.”
Granny said that she was feeling even worse.2.“ Do you still want to live here, Granny?” the journalist asked.The journalist asked Granny if she still wanted to live there.3.“ How is the environment around this place?” the journalist asked.The journalist asked how the environment around that place was.Topic 2
I.重点词组
1.as a result 结果
2.here and there 到处
3.in the beginning 一开始
4.in danger 处于危险中
5.cut down 砍倒
6.change sth.into sth.把……变成……
7.prevent from 防止
8.greenhouse effect 温室效应
9.refer to 提到
10.deal with 处理
11.take up 占据
12.cut off 中断
II.重点句型
1.As we know, none of us likes pollution.众所周知,没有人喜欢污染。
2.Humans have come to realize the important of protecting animals.人类逐渐意识到保护动物的重要性。
3.Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away.树木也能防风固土。
4.Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants.砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。
5.Some things we’ve done are very good for earth while some are not good.我们所做的, 有些对地球很好,而有些不利。
6.They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.它们也能阻止水土流失。
7.When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away.天一下雨或刮风, 土就会被冲走或刮走。
III.语法
不定代词:
1.定义: 指的是那些不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
2.用法: 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。something , somebody, anything, anybody等作主语时,通常视为单数。当形容词修饰它们时,要放在其后。
e.g.But the government has done something useful to protect the environment.Topic 3
I.重点词组
1.not only…but also… 不仅……而且……
2.be supposed to 应该
3.ought to 应该
4.turn off 关掉
5.instead of 代替
6.on time 准时
7.make sure 确保
8.push forward向前推
9.push down 向下
10.pull up 向上拉
II.重点句型
1.For example, we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags.例如,我们应该用纸的两面,并且重新使用塑料袋。
2.Everyone is supposed to do that.每个人都有义务那样做.3.First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先, 你离开房间时应该随手关灯。
4.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。
5.Well, actions speak louder than words.嗯, 百说不如一做。
6.There will be a lot of hard work to do tomorrow, so make sure you go to bed early tonight.明天有许多繁重的活要干,今晚一定要早睡。
III.语法
并列句:由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。
结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句
常用的并列连词有:and, or, but, while, not only… but also
e.g.1.The river is dirty and the temperature of the earth is rising.2.They work well, but they are slow and can’t run for long.Unit 3 Topic1
一.重点词语
1.be able to=can 能够,会
2.can’t wait to do sth.迫不急待地做某事
3.have a(good)chance to do sth.有(好)机会做某事
4.practice doing sth.练习做某事
5.be made by…被……制做;be made of/from…由……制成;be made in…在某地制造
6.on business出差
7.be similar to…和……相似
8.translate…into…把……翻译成……
9.have no/some trouble(in)doing sth.做某事没有/有些困难
10.once in a while=sometimes/at times偶尔,间或
11.whenever=no matter when无论何时
12.as well as以及
13.mother tongue 母语
14.take the leading position处于领先地位
15.encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
16.call for号召
二.重点句型
1.Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world.世界上数以百万的人们都喜欢迪斯尼乐园。
2.I hope I can go there one day.希望有一天我能去那儿。
3.English is widely spoken around the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。
4.It is also spoken as a second language in many countries.在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。
5.It is possible that you will have some trouble.你可能会遇到一些麻烦。
6.It’s used as the first language by most people in America,Canada,Australia ,Great Britain andNew Zealand.它被美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。
7.And two thirds of the world’s scientists read English.并且世界上三分之二的科学家用英语阅读。
三.语法学习
一般现在时的被动语态
英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者,叫主动语态。
如:We clean the classroom.我们打扫教室。主语是动作的承受者,叫被动语态。
如:The classroom is cleaned(by us).教室被(我们)打扫。
1.被动语态的构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by+宾语)
其中by意为“被……;由……”,表动作的执行者。
如:The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。
be有人称、数和时态的变化,其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
如:English is widely spoken around the world.(肯定式)
English is not widely spoken around the world.(否定式)
Is English widely spoken around the world?(疑问式)
Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.2.被动语态的用法:(1)在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。如:This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。(2)要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态。如:Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。
3.主、被动语态的转换:
主动语态:主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语(+其它)
被动语态:主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语(+其它)
注意:(1)主动、被动互转时,时态不变。(2)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式,变成被动态by的宾语时,要用宾格形式。如:
(1)People grow rice in the south.Rice is grown(by people)in the south.(2)She takes care of the baby.The baby is taken care of(by her).四.交际用语:谈论英语的广泛使用
1.---You’ll have a good chance to practice speaking English there.---You’re right.2.---But I’m not good at English.I’m a little afraid.---Don’t worry.3.---Is Spanish similar to English?---Not really.Topic 2
一.重点词语
1.by the way 顺便说一下
2.depend on取决于……;依靠……
3.be different from与……不同 4.succeed in成功,达成 5.make yourself understood表达你自己的意思
6.on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
7.see sb.Off给……送行
8.leave for…前往某地/leave…for…离开…去…
9.in twenty minutes二十分钟之后
10.written English笔头英语/oral English英语口语
11.generally speaking一般说来,大致上说
12.as for sb./sth.至于某人/某物
13.be close to…靠近……
14.in person身体上,外貌上;亲自
15.be found of…爱好……
16.be forced to do sth.被迫做……/force sb.to do强迫某人做某事
17.even worse 更糟的是
二.重点句型
Is Australia English the same as British English? 澳式英语和英式英语一样吗?
2.English is spoken differently in different English-speaking countries.不同的国家使用不同的英语。
3.For example, there are differences between British English and American English.例如,在英式英语和美式英语之间有些不同点。I can’t believe that I’m flying to Disneyland.我简直不敢相信我就要飞往迪斯尼乐园了。
5.I hope I won’t have any difficulty.我希望不会遇到什么困难。
6.Whenever you need help, send me an-mail or telephone me.无论何时你需要帮忙,给我发电子邮件或打电话。
7.Not only children but also adults enjoy spending their holidays in Disneyland.不但青少年而且成年人也喜欢到迪斯尼乐园度假。
三、语法学习
用现在进行时表示将来
现在进行时表示将来时,常有“意图”、“安排”(但不是固定不变的)或“打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来,所用的动词多是位移动词。
如:come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, die
例:I’m going.我要走了。When are you starting?你什么时候动身?
Don’t worry.The train is arriving here soon.别着急,火车马上就到了。
表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外,亦可用于某些非位移动词。
如:My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.我叔叔明天会见我们。
She is buying a new bike soon.她不久将买一辆新自行车。
四.交际用语:谈论不同国家英语的不同点并了解交际中的身体语言
1.I can’t follow you.Can you speak more slowly, please?
2.Oh, it sounds interesting.3.If you want to succeed in making yourself understood, you need to know some of these differences
4.---What’s up?---The foreigner is asking for a ride.5.Generally speaking, American English is different from British English in pronunciation and spelling.Topic 3
一、重点词语
1.in public在公共场所 2.at times=sometimes有时
3.feel like doing=would like to do想要做……
4..give up sth./doing sth.放弃 5..turn to sb.for help求助于某人
6..give sb.some advice on/about…给某人一些有关……的建议
7..be weak in在……方面很差/be good at在……方面很好
8..be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 9.make mistakes犯错误
10.take a deep breath深呼吸 11.the best time to do做某事最好的时间
12.do some listening practice做些听力训练 13.reply to=answer回答
14.advise sb.to do建议某人做某事(名词advice)
二、重点句型
1.Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A?在美国,别人能懂得你的话吗?
2.I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办?
3.At times I feel like giving up.有时我想要放弃。
4.Try to guess the meanings of the new words, and get the main idea of the article.尽量猜测生词的意思,理解文章的大意。
5.I dare not answer questions in class, because I’m afraid of making mistakes.我不敢在课堂上回答问题,困为我害怕犯错误。
6.It’s an honor to talk with all of you.与在座的各位交谈是我的荣幸。
7.But remember to choose the ones that fit you best.但是记住要选择最适合你的一种。
8.I insist that you practice English every day.我坚持认为你们每天都应该练习英语。
9.Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to success.自信是通往成功的第一步。
三、语法学习
wh-+to do wh-是指when, where, which, who(m)及how等连接词,它们和动词不定式连用,即为wh-+to do结构。这种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语,作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。(对于谓语动词来说,wh-+to do这个不定式动词的动作是个尚未发生的动作,所以在转换成宾语从句时,通常须加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。)
如:I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do.She can’t decide which to buy.=she can’t decide which she will buy.反之,如果主句中的主语与宾语从句中的主语一致时,宾语从句(由疑问词引导)通常可以与“疑问词+不定式”互相转换。
如:I don’t know what I should do.=I don’t know what to do.如果不一致就不能转换。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能说:I want to know what to do.)
四、交际用语:谈论如何学习英语
1.---…, but I hate to speak English in public.---You’d better not.2.---I know it’s very important to learn English well.But it’s difficult for me.---Me, too.3.Have you ever had any difficulties in studying English?
4.---…, could you give us some advice on how to learn English well?
---You’d better follow the tape and do some listening practice.I think the best time to remember new words is in the morning.Unit 4 Topic 1
一、重点词汇:
(一)词形转换:
1.successful(副词)2.proper(副词)
3.completely(动词)4.leader(动词)
5.succeed(名词)6.hero(复数)
7.physics(形容词)8.fix(同义词)
9.introduce(名词)10.far(比较级)
(二)重点词组:
1.go around 环绕
2.send…into… =send up…into… 把……送入
3.congratulations on sth 祝贺某事
4.be proud of 为……而自豪
5.be moved by 为……而感动
6.Thanks/Thank you for +n./ving sth 感谢某人做的某事
7.have physical examinations 做体检
8.in good/bad health 处于好(不好)的身体状态
9.can’t help doing 情不自禁做……
10.take turn to(do sth)轮流(做某事)
11.no doubt 无疑地
12.as well as 除……的之外,也
13.for instance/example 例如
14.work on 做……(方面)的工作
15.depend on/upon 依靠,依赖
16.turn on 打开
17.turn off 关掉
18.turn up 开大
19.turn down 关小
20.click on 用鼠标点击
21.look forward to doing sth 期待做某事
二、重点句型:
1.Now big plans are being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station.现在中国正在计划发射更多的卫星,甚至建造一个空间站。
(1)句子“are being made”是现在进行时的被动语态,结构“be being+过去分词”。
(2)主动句中的宾补如果是不带to的不定式时,变成被动句后,成为主补的不定式必须带to,常见跟不带to的复合宾语的动词有see、feel、hear、make等。
2.I’m moved by what Yang Liwei did.我被杨利伟所做的事感动了。
(1)What Yang Liwei did 是介词by的宾语从句,意为“杨利伟所做的事”
(2)be moved by 为……而感动 如:The students are moved by the old man’s story.同学们为那位老人的故事而感动。
3.Generally speaking, we are in good health now.一般来说,我们现在的健康状况良好。
(1)generally speaking “一般来说、大体上、大概”
(2)in good/bad health 处于好(不好)的身体状况。如:
He has a cold, he is always in bad health.他感冒了,他的身体状况总是不好。
4.We couldn’t help looking at the earth again and again.我们忍不住再三地看着地球。(1)can’t/couldn’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事,不能停止做某事。如:
I can’t help crying.我忍不住哭了。
(2)again and again 一再,屡次,如:
The teacher has told him again and again.老师已屡次和他讲过了。
5.I was able to fall asleep as soon as I got into the sleeping bag.We took turns to have a rest.一进入睡袋我就睡着了。我们轮流休息。
take turns to(do sth.)轮流(做某事)。
The Browns take turns to look after the baby.布朗一家轮流照看这个婴儿。
6.It has proved that China has made great progress in developing its space industry.这证明了中国航天业的发展已取得了巨大的进步。
It has proved that… 这证明了……
7.There is no doubt that computers are widely used by workers in business and technology.毫无疑问,电脑被商业,科技工作者广泛地应用.There is no doubt that… 译为“毫无疑问”如:
There is no doubt that we should protect the environment.毫无疑问我们应该保护环境。
8.Computers have made the world smaller, like a “village”.电脑使得世界变小了,就像一个“村庄”。
make+宾语+形容词 “使……怎样”如:
We’ll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful.我们将尽全力使我产的国家越来越美丽.三、日常交际用语:
Congratulations!
Thanks for your introduction.Pleased to meet you.=Nice to meet you.It’s an honor to interview you now.What do you think of ShenZhou VI? =What are your thoughts about ShenZhou VI?
四、重点语法:
宾语补足语: 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语,与宾语一起构成复合宾语。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词和动词不定式等。
(一)、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语。如:
1.We call him Jim.(名词)我们叫他吉姆。
2.We must keep our school clean every day.(形容词)我们必须每天保持校园清洁。
3.Call him in, please.(副词)请叫他进来。
4.Leave it on the desk.(介词短语)把它留在课桌上。
(二)、动词不定式作宾语补足语可分为三种情况:
1.跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有:ask, tell, get, teach, want, invite, like, allow, wish, encourage等。如:Tell Jane to sing us a song.叫简给我们唱支歌。
2.跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有“一感(feel)、二听(listen to, hear),三让(make, let, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice)如:Let’s have a rest.让我们休息一会儿。
但这种结构变成被动语态时,to必须加上。如:
He was seen to leave the room with a book in his hand.有人见他手拿着一本书离开这个房间。
3.跟带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词只有help。如:
Can you help me(to)wash my clothes ? 你能帮我洗衣服吗?
(三)、分词作宾语补足语可分为两种情况。
1.现在分词作宾语补足语,经常表示正在发生的动作。可跟这类补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear等。如:
I hear somebody singing in the next room.我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。
2.过去介词作宾语补足语,经常表示被动。如:
You need to have your hair cut.你需要理发了。
Topic 2
一、重点词汇:
1.be used for +ving 被用做……
2.come true 实现
3.It’s said that 据说
4.during/in one’s life 某人一生
5.be known as 以……(身份)而著名
6.know/say for certain 确切知道/肯定地说
7.all the time 一直、总是
8.no longer=not…any longer 不再
(no more, not…any more)
9.as long as 只要
10.as far as 就……,尽……
11.make a great contribution 对…作出巨大贡献
12.the rest of the time 在其余地时间里
13.at any time 在任何时候
二、重点句型:
1.Because I’m not allowed to play computer games.因为我不可以玩电脑游戏。
allow “允许、准许”的意思。常用于以下几种形式:
(1)allow +n./prep 如: We can’t allow such a thing.我们不容许这种事情发生。
(2)allow sb.to do sth 允许某人做某事 如: She allowed me to go fishing.她允许我去钓鱼。
(3)allow +doing sth 允许做某事 如: We don’t allow smoking in the reading-room.我们不允许在阅览室吸烟。
(4)be allowed to do sth 如:被允许做某事
The students are allowed to play games on the play ground after school.放学后学生们被准许在操场上做游戏。
2.How do you say this in English? 这用英语怎么说?
其意思与What’s this in English相同。
3.It’s made from wood.它用木材做的。
(1)be made in 在……地方制造,后接表示地点的名词。
(2)be made of 用……制造的,表示原材料未经化学变化,仍可看得出原材料。
(3)be made from 用……制造的,表示原材料经过化学变化,已看不出其原样。
(4)be made by 由(被)……(人)制作,后接表示人的名词或代词。
(5)be made into(某物)被制成……
(6)be made up of 由……组成 如:
The TV set is made in Japan.这台电视机是日本生产的。
These houses are made of stones.这些房子是由石头建造的。
Paper is made from wood.纸是木头造的。
Was this cake made by your mother? 这蛋糕是你妈妈做的吗?
Metal can be made into all kinds of things.金属可以制成各种各样的物品。
The medical team is made up of ten doctors.这支医疗队由10位大夫组成。
4.It’s used for helping us to improve our English.它用来帮助我们提高英语水平。
(1)be used for+ving be used to do(被)用来做…… 强调用途或作用
(2)be used as(被)作为……而用,强调被当作工具或手段来用。
(3)be used by 被……使用,by后跟人/物,强调使用者。如:
Pens are used for writing.钢笔被用来写字。
Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。
English is used as a foreign language in China.英语在中国被当作外语使用。
Recorders are often used by English teachers.英语老师经常使用录音机。
5.People are surprised at the rapid development of robots.人们为机器人的飞速发展感到惊讶。句子中be surprised at…是一个系表结构,表示“对……感到惊讶”。而be surprised by…是一个被动语态形式,表示“被……所惊讶”。如:I am surprised at you.我对你的举动感到诧异。
The manager was surprised by what he saw on the computer.那位经理被眼前出现在电脑屏幕上的东西所惊讶。
6.They will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.它们将不再愿意做我们的人,而要做我们的主人。
no longer(通常在动词前),not…any longer;not…any more(用于非正式文体中)都可表示“(过去曾……)现在不再……” 如:
She no longer lives here.She doesn’t live here any longer(或 any more).她不在这儿住了。(过去她曾住这儿)
7.This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen.在夜间只要天气晴朗,能看见星星,这种方法就能很好地发挥作用。
work well 有效 as long as 只要
三、日常交际用语:
What’s it made of from? When/where was it made?
It was invented in 1879.What will our future be like?
I hope your dream will come true.四、重点语法:
1、一般过去时的被动语态
谓语部分的基本形式是be的过去式was/were+及物动词的过去分词。如:
When was it made? 它是什么时候制造的?
It was made in 1980.它是1980年制造的。
When was the digital camera invented? 数码像机是什么时候发明的?
It was invented in 1975.它是1975年发明的。
2、时间前所用介词的速记歌
年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。
要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也不错。
at也用在时分前,说“差”可要用上to。
说“过”只可使用past,多说多练牢牢记,莫让岁月成蹉跎。
Topic 3
一、重点词汇:1.travel by spaceship 乘宇宙飞船旅行
2.in the future
3.in order to 为了
4.on the radio 通过收音机
5.take part in 参加
6.grow up 成长、长大
7.prefer…to 喜欢……胜过……
8.What’s worse 更为糟糕的是
9.be worth it 有好处,值得一干
10.at a distance of 相隔
11.send sb a message 给某人发送信息
二、重点句型:
1.I don’t think aliens can be found in space.我认为外星人不可能出现在太空里。
(1)当think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后的宾语从句含有not的否定词时,该否定应移至主句,即否定主句的谓语动词。如:
I don’t think it will rain tomorrow.我认为明天不会下雨。
如果主句的主语是第二、三人称,否定式一般不转移。如:
He supposes they won’t win the game.他猜想他们赢不了比赛。
(2)can +be +过去分词,是情态动词构成的被动语态。如:
This can’t be done in a short time.这不是短期内能完成的。
2.It has been two days since we landed on Mars.自从我们登上火星以来已经两天了。
it用作主语谈论时间,常与since连用。
如:It is(或has been)three years since we left school.自从我们离开学校以来已经三年了。
3.What’s worse, our water supplies were very low.更糟糕的是,我们的水供给是非常有限的。
What’s worse 更糟糕的是。类似结构还有:What’s more 更有甚者;更为重要的是。
4.It’s a quarter as big as the earth.它是地球的四分之一大。
倍数表示法:倍数+as+形容词/副词+as
如:This box is three times as heavy as that one.这只箱子是那只箱子的三倍重。
5.Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers.恒星在相隔大约228000000千米的地方绕着太阳转动。
(1)at a distance of 相隔
(2)at a distance 在远处。如:
The moon goes around the earth at a distance of 380000km.月球在距地球38万千米的地方绕地球旋转。
The police followed him at a distance.警察远远地跟着他。
三、日常交际用语:
Sound great!What is it about?
What fun!I can’t wait.You think man can live in space one day?
I Think so.I hope I can live there one day.四、重点语法:
情态动词的被动语态:是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。如:Aliens can not be seen on the earth.在地球上不可能见到外星人。
Other planets may be visited soon in the future.将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。
Scientific research should be done carefully.应该认真地进行科学研究。
These trees must be watered in time.这些树应该及时浇水
2.英语知识点汇总 篇二
1 现状分析
随着课程改革的深入, 虽然英语教学的重要性日益明显, 但基础教育不尽如人意, 应试教育的诸多弊端没有得到纠正。英语教学还是把英语作为一门知识来传授, 课堂教学被看成是一个由教师向学生传授知识的过程。传统的英语教学方式即教师讲、学生听, 搞填鸭式、满堂灌等依然不绝于耳。这些课堂不能巧妙而有针对性地运用多种教学方式, 无法充分调动学生的积极性、主动性和创造性, 难以激发学生的学习兴趣。同时, 教师在教学过程中重知识轻能力, 重语法轻交际, 重文字轻口语, 重培养学生的读、写能力, 特别是注重传授语言知识和讲解语法规则, 而忽视了听说水平的训练, 使学生在日常生活中缺乏运用语言的能力, 导致学生的英语多带有“聋哑症”。这种教育培养出来的学生一定时期适应了应试教育的需要, 也会考出不少高分, 也能围绕词汇和句法结构学英语, 但这些学生缺乏语言交际能力和语言运用能力, 也缺乏终身学习的能力。《新课程标准》强调课程在进一步发展学生综合语言运用能力的基础上, 着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力, 并提出以学生语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识的发展为基础, 培养学生综合语言运用能力。基于此, 在教学过程中, 探索有效提高促进英语知识向英语能力的策略显得尤为重要。
2 知识与能力的形成过程
英语知识的内容包括语音、语法、词汇、句型结构、功能的知识、社会语言学方面的知识、交际策略、资源策略等知识以及各种有关世界的知识。学习外语的人有两种知识, 一是记忆了的知识 (memorized knowledge) , 这些知识是有意识的知识。记忆的知识通常是通过书本和教师讲解语言的知识, 如语音、语法、词汇、句型结构、功能的知识获得的。另外还有非语言的知识, 如交际策略、背景知识、跨文化交际的知识等。当然也可以是学习者通过反思、总结经验或自学等获得的知识。学习者可能会陈述这些知识, 但并不一定会在真正交流时使用。也就是说, 这类知识并没有转化成为能力。只有通过一定的真实的语言使用, 通过大量的互动活动, 才能使这类知识转变为能力。另一类知识可以称为内化了的 (internalized) 知识。这类知识可能是通过有意识的语言学习之后, 又通过大量使用语言的机会, 最后被 (无意识地) 存储在语言习得机制中 (LAD) 。这一类知识实际上已经变为能力。
能力并非仅仅包括语言方面的成分, 实际上还包含许许多多其他方面的成分, 除了将知识内化过程需要的能力外, 还有情感与个性, 如本人原有的个人交往能力, 冒险精神, 以及其他各方面的知识, 如推断能力、评判性思维能力等。换句话说, 有些能力是通过学校的正式学习培养出来的, 而有些则是学习者本人特有的, 或在其他环境中获得的。可以说, 能力不仅包括各方面的知识, 也包括各方面素质以及天资。
知识与能力的掌握不是同步的, 他们的发展也不是成正比或反比的关系。知识是可以传授并记住的, 而能力则需要通过实践活动及教师指导由学生自主掌握。即使学习者有了各方面的能力, 还需要把各种能力与知识集合起来用于交际活动, 这就需要运用能力或交际语言能力。最后, 还需要通过适当的活动, 即能力表现, 使学习者展现出自己的能力。只有当学习者能够融会各方面的知识、贯通各方面的能力, 调动情感因素、素质以及天资并将其运用于创造性的语言交流活动, 用于解决交际时的各种问题, 完成各种任务, 能力才可被称为“运用能力”。应该说, 通过让学生完成各种各样的任务, 是培养学生综合运用各种能力与知识, 将能力转化为语言运用能力的最佳途径。学生在完成任务的过程中, 需要达到语言的准确性、流利性与复杂度的综合目标, 需要运用各种功能、词汇、语法、文化的知识, 也需要利用情感、态度等其他非语言的因素。就是说, 假如单纯传授有关语言知识而没有提供给学生足够运用语言知识的机会, 学生难以真正运用所学的知识进行听、说、读、写的实际交际活动。
3 提高英语知识向英语能力的策略
1) 教师要解放思想, 彻底领悟课标精神
教育教学理念是支配一切教育教学行为的指导思想。新课程要求教师树立“以学生发展为本”的理念, 换言之, “培养能在当代社会中实现主动、健康发展的一代新人”的教学理念。为此教师应把“激发和培养学生学习兴趣、树立信心, 形成有效的学习策略, 养成良好的学习习惯”的教育观念放在教学的首位。教师在选择教学策略时, 应有计划、有目的、有系统地培养学生的外语思维能力, 交际能力, 推动学生整体外语素质的发展与提高。新课程下的教师不仅要重视知识的传授, 更重要的是激发和培养学生的兴趣, 通过英语教学着重提高学生用英语获取信息, 处理信息, 分析和解决问题的能力, 以及用英语进行思维和表达的能力, 培养学生的创新意识和能力, 使学生获得会学习的基本能力、参与社会生活的积极态度和与人合作的能力, 以及通过英语进行交际的能力。
2) 教师要创造性使用教材, 灵活运用任务型的教学方式
新课标版的高中英语课本给学生提供了丰富多样的话题, 但某些话题过难或要求过高。地区差异导致一些学生对一些话题无话可说, 对英语学习的兴趣逐日减少, 对英语课堂的参与也会日渐稀少, 直至放弃对英语的学习。因此, 教师应创造性地使用教材, 根据实际情况对教材的内容进行适当补充与拓展, 注意与其它学科进行适当的相互渗透, 以改变传统的按部就班地使用教材的教学模式。课堂教学过程中, 教师可以以任务型的教学方式取代传统的纯灌输式的教学模式;由过去的以教师的教为主转变为以学生的学为主;由教给学生学转变为教给学生会学;由要学生学转变为学生要学;由注重知识的传授而忽视学生能力的发展转变为注重学生综合语言运用能力的培养;由教师居高临下的权威性讲解转变为师生之间的平等融洽的互动交流;由师生之间的教师讲、学生听的单向信息交流转变为多向信息交流, 体现学生是学习的主人, 发挥学生的聪明才智。
3) 开创学生自主、探究、合作的学习方式
著名教育家叶圣陶曾说过:“教是为了培养学生有一辈子的自学能力”。所谓学习方式, 是指学生在完成学习任务过程中基本的行为和认知取向。学生的学习方式有接受和发现两种, 这两种学习方式相辅相成, 缺一不可。而传统学习方式强调接受, 建立在人的客观性、依赖性上, 从而导致人的主动性、能动性、独立性的不断消失, 窒息了学生的思维和能力, 消灭了学生的学习兴趣和热情, 阻碍了学生的发展。转变学习方式就是要转变这种被动性的学习态度, 把学习转变成人的主动性、能动性、独立性不断生成、张扬、发展、提升的过程, 使学生学习的过程成为发现问题、提出问题, 分析问题、解决问题的过程。转变学生的学习方式, 促进学生发展, 关键是让课堂教学真正成为学生自主、合作、探究学习的天地。自主、合作、探究三者相辅相成, 水乳交融, 有机结合。学生采用这样的学习方式, 在学习过程中有情感的投入, 能获得有效的情感体验, 有利于学生良好的价值观的形成。同时也发展了学生的能力, 使知识文化得到积累。只有在自主、合作、探究的过程中, 学生的积极性才能得到充分调动, 潜能才能得到开发, 主动的地位才能得以真正体现, 从而促进学生的共同发展, 达到提高学生英语能力的目标。
4) 多创设语境, 提供学生参与实践机会
杰斯珀森说道:“教好外语的首要条件是尽可能多地让学生接触和使用外语。学外语就像学游泳一样, 学生必须泡在水中, 而不是偶尔沾沾水, 学生必须潜入水中, 并感到得其所在;这样, 他最后才能够像一个熟练得游泳者那样乐在其中。”英语教学是一个师生共同参与的过程。其中, 学生是主体, 教师要舍得花时间让学生在课堂里多练。教师在充分发挥学生主体作用的同时, 更要保证学生积极参与语言学习的交际活动, 想方设法把学生吸引到语言学习的交际活动过程中来, 从而培养学生的实际运用运用能力。通过不断实践认识再实践再认识的反复过程, 学生掌握了学习英语的规律, 就能提高英语的运用能力水平。教师可以创设问题情景, 让学生独立思考、实践或探究发现, 在做好准备的基础上, 开展结对子或小组讨论或其他活动, 进行交往合作学习。结对子活动能给予学生面对面交谈和独立运用语言的机会, 产生信息的交流, 并且在双方的交互活动中获得反馈, 给予修正。小组活动能使班上更多的学生在同一时间内投入到活动中去, 更能营造一种互动的课堂效果和交互的情感气氛, 题材更多样, 使学生觉得更自由, 有更多的选择、更好的机会说他们想说的话, 也就更有责任感, 更能发挥自主性。结对子或小组等学习方式可提高学生在教学活动中的参与率。所以, 教师要设法为学生创造交际活动情境, 开展多种形式交际活动,
4 结束语
总之, 高中英语课程的目标是使学生明确英语学习的目的, 发展自主学习和合作学习的能力, 形成有效地英语学习策略, 培养学生的综合语言运用能力。教师必须紧紧围绕这一根本目的, 有效实施教学策略, 并最终实现把学生的英语知识转向英语能力的目标。
摘要:该文从当下英语教学现状入手, 依据《新课程标准》对英语课程教育教学目的的要求, 分析知识与能力的形成过程, 提出一些有效提高教学中促进英语知识向英语能力的策略。
关键词:现状,知识,能力,策略
参考文献
[1]罗少茜, 龚亚夫.外语教学研究中的知识、能力与运用能力[J].课程·教材·教法, 2005 (6) .
[2]余宪林.谈学生实际运用英语能力的培养[C]//外语教学与研究论文集.北京:中国世界语出版社, 1996.
3.英语知识点汇总 篇三
1. 对比议论类(05全国I)假设你是李华,最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信。
2. 数字图表类(04北京)某学校对中学生课余活动进行了调查,结果如下。请根据图表1提供的信息描述学生每天的课余活动,并针对图表2中任何一个数据中反映的情况写出你的一个看法。词数不少于60。
3. 地点介绍(06全国)假定你是李华,应英国朋友Bob的要求,写一封短信介绍你校图书馆的基本情况。内容须包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。
4. 人物类(06北京)国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平,友爱”夏令营活要求报名者提交英文个人简介。假设你是王珊,请根据下列信息写一篇个人简介。
5. 活动安排(08年全国卷Ⅱ)学习中文的各项活动安排。
6. 记叙文 (08年天津卷) 记叙乘地铁时遇到的一件事。
避免常见错误
1. My mother work in a school.(works)
2. They are worker.(workers)
3. My aunt worked hard and he was busy.(she)
4. His parents are all from London.(both)5. They get up early yesterday.(got)
掌握地道的英语 (括号中的句子更好)
1. My money is very little.(I have little money.)
2. My money is more than yours.(I have more money than you.)
3. People in my family are more than those in yours.
(There are more people in my family than in yours.)
4. I teach better than he.(I am a better teacher than you.)
5. I think the plan is not good.(I dont think the plan is good.)
学会变换句型
1. I was too excited to go to sleep.
I was so excited that I couldnt go to sleep. (用从句替换)
2. They got married five years ago.
They have been married for five years. (用完成时替换)
3. He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.
He got up early so as to catch the first bus. (用不定式替换)
4. Try again and you will succeed.
If you try again, you will succeed.(用条件句替换)
5. I am sorry I missed the bus.
I wish I had caught the bus. (用虚拟语气替换)缤 纷 世 界Bin Fen Shi Jie缤 纷 世 界Bin Fen Shi Jie
BEIJINGThe National Peoples Congress (NPC), Chinas top legislature, concluded its annual session Wednesday morning.
“The session was successful, with the further accumulation of common understanding,clarification of goals and reinforcement of confidence,” said Wu Bangguo, chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, in a speech delivered at the sessions closing meeting.
The session resulted in a full representation of the will of the people and the main concepts oft he Communist Party of China (CPC), he said.
NPC deputies, with a strong sense of responsibility and commitment to their mission, exercised their duties as entrusted by the Constitution and law, he said.
At the session, the NPC adopted a number of important documents, including the governments work report, central budget and national economic and social development plan for 2012.
While deliberating the governments work report, deputies agreed that the country made progress in economic, political, cultural, social and environmental arenas in 2011, making for agood beginning for the 12th FiveYear Plan period (20112015), Wu said.
This year will be an important year for China, as the 18th CPC National Congress will be heldlater this year, Wu said.
The NPC will work for the steady growth and stability of the country as it welcomes the 18th CPCNational Congress, he said.
The NPC also adopted several decisions on deputy elections for the 12th NPC and methods fort he election of deputies to the 12th NPC from Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, as well as work reports for the NPC Standing Committee, the Supreme Peoples Court and the Supreme Peoples Procuratorate.
This year, the country will carry out elections for deputies to the next NPC using the same ratio for rural and urban areas for the first time, Wu said.
He pledged to ensure stable and orderly elections in line with relevant laws.
At the closing meeting, lawmakers adopted an amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law.
The revision embodies the constitutional principle of respecting and protecting human rights and is a key improvement to the current legal system of criminal prosecution and litigation, Wu said.
The NPC will work to educate the public about the revised law and prepare for its implementation, he said.
Since this year marks the last session of the 11th NPC, Wu said the NPC will learn from the experience gained in previous years and improve the quality of its work, he said.
Top CPC and state leaders Hu Jintao, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, LiKeqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang attended the closing meeting.
Less than half of the free umbrellas taken by commuters on rainy days as part of a Shanghai Metro project have been returned, according to the citys transport agency.
Passengers have been able to borrow the“Umbrellas for Love”since 2008, with all 280 stations initially issued with a stock of 100.
However, as the city is enduring daily deluges, staff at some stations say their stocks have run dry.
At South Huangpi Road Station on Monday, a sign stated that all umbrellas had been loaned out. A passing service center worker said:“Nobody gives them back.”
An employee at Lujiabang Road station gave the same answer, saying they were waiting for anew batch to arrive.
“Due to public demand and the high rate at which the umbrellas disappear, we have had to distribute extra batches at least three times over the past few years,” said Fan Wenjun, a media officer at Shanghai Metro operation management center.
Data provided by the center showed that of the 88,000 umbrellas allocated to stations, less than half are still in circulation. The return rate was 47.5 percent for the entire metro network in February.
Passengers can borrow an umbrella after writing down their name and phone number at the service center. Usually passengers will be reminded to return the umbrellas within a week to where they were borrowed. Each umbrella is numbered and belongs to a specific station.
“But we dont require passengers to show their IDs or verify their contact information. These umbrellas are loaned out of love. We hope people can cooperate with us,” said a subway worker at Lujiabang Road Station.
A metro employee surnamed Fan at Peoples Square Station, the busiest in the city, estimated that at least half of passengers give false information, which they discover when they call to remind them to return the umbrella.
China Daily talked to eight Shanghai residents. All said they would return the umbrellas.
4.看完秒懂的最全英语知识汇总课件 篇四
中考英语必背词语辨析20组
1.after, in
这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思?
after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中?如:She went after three days.她是三天以后走的?
in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中?如:She will go in three days.她三天以后要走?
2.how long, how often, how soon
how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问?如:How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了?
how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问?如:—How often does he come here? —Once a month.他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次?
how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如:How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来?
3.few, a few, little, a little, several, some
few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”? few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词?
several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思? some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量?
4.the other, another
the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指?如:We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other.我们站在街这边,他们站在那边?
another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个?如:She has taken another of my books.她已经拿了我的另外一本书?
5.spend, take, cost, pay
spend的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语?如:She spent the whole evening in reading.她把整个晚上用来读书?
take常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如:How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?
cost 指花费时间?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态?如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?
pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?如:I pay for my rooms by month.我按月支付租金?
6.speak, say, talk, tell
这四个动词都有“说”的意思?speak的意思是“讲话;演讲”,着重指说话的动作,指开口说或连续不断地说,多用作不及物动词;用作及物动词时,其宾语是语言名称?如:He can speak Japanese.他会说日语?
say的意思是“说;讲”,一般用作及物动词,着重指说话的内容?它的宾语可以是名词?代词或直接引语等?如:She says, “Don’t draw on the wall!”她说:“别在墙上画画!”
talk的意思是“说;讲;谈话”,与speak意义比较接近,但不如speak正式,着重强调两人之间的相互谈话,也可指单方面的谈话?如:She is talking with John in English。她正在和约翰用英语交谈?
tell意为“告诉;讲述;吩咐”,多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人,常接双宾语?除了 story, news, truth, joke, lie(谎言)等直接宾语外,还可以接人等间接宾语?如:She is telling the children a story。她正在给孩子们讲故事?
7.among, between
between 的意思是“在……中间,在……之间”,一般指在两者之间?如:There is a table between two windows.在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子?between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间?如:the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)
among 的意思是“在……中间?在……之中”,一般指在三个或三个以上的同类事物之中?如:The teacher distributed them among the students.老师把这些东西分给了学生?
8.beat, win
这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同?beat是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人或队?如:We beat them.我们打败了他们?
win指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛?名次?如:We won the match/game/race/the first place.我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)?
9.agree with, agree on, agree to agree on表示“就……取得一致意见”?如:We all agree on(making)an early start.我们一致同意及早出发?
agree with表示“与……意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见?看法的名词或what引导的从句?如:I agree with you without reservation。我毫无保留地同意你的意见?We agree with what you said just now。我们同意你刚才所说的意见?
agree to后面不能接人,只能接“提议,计划,方案”等词句?如:I agree to the terms proposed.我同意拟议的条件?
10.bring, take, carry,fetch
这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同? bring作“带来,拿来”解?如:Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work.下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我?
take是bring的对语,作“带去,拿去”解?如:Take the box away, please.请把盒子拿走?
carry表示“运载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车?船,也可以用手甚至用头?如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers.这辆巴士准载一百人? fetch则表示“去拿来”的意思?如:Please fetch me the documents in that room.请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我?
11.each, every
两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同?each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有“所有的”的意思?如:She knows each student of the class。她认识这个班里的每一个学生?She knows every student of the class。她认识这个班所有的学生?
12.no one, none no one指“没有人(只能指人,不能用来指物)”,意思与nobody相同,作主语时不必跟of连用,如:No one believes him since he is not honest.没有人相信他,因为他不诚实?No one else but I went.除我以外,谁也没去?
none指“一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单?复数都可以?但在 “主+系+表”结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式?如:None of us are(is)afraid of difficulties.我们谁也不怕困难?
13.go on doing, go on to do, go on with
这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思,其区别如下:go on doing表示“继续做,一直在做某事(中间无间断)”;go on to do表示“接着做某事”,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事;go on with也表示“继续做某事”,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去?
14.too much, much too
二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词?副词,不可修饰动词?如:It’s much too cold。天气实在是太冷了?
too much作“太多”讲,有以下三种用法?
(1)作名词词组?如:You have given us too much.你给我们的太多了?(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词?如:Don’t drink too much wine.不要饮太多的酒?(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词?如:She talks too much.她说话太多?
15.lonely, alone
二者都可表示“孤独,独自”,alone指客观存在的“孤独”,而lonely更偏重一种主观
感受上的“寂寞”?如:I went alone.我是一个人去的?Mary lived alone, but she didn’t feel lonely.玛丽孤身一人生活,但她并不感到孤独?
16.happen, take place与occur
happen有“偶然”的意思,多用于客观事物?情况的发生?如:Whatever has happened to your arm? It’s all swollen.你的手臂怎么了?肿得好历害, 本空间名为腾讯认证(蔡章兵主编QQ757722345)空间,本空间每天都有5篇左右资源更新,你只须点击空间顶部“关注”并设置为特 别关心,就会收到每天更新的信息,欢迎加微信czbqsyy收听更多信息。
occur 指有计划地使某些事“发生”?有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中?如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?
具体事物?事件作主语时,happen和occur可以通用?如:The accident happened/occurred yesterday.事故是昨天发生的?
take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示“举行”的意思,带有非偶然性?例如:The meeting took place last night。会议昨晚举行?
17.in front of, in the front of
in front of的意思是“在……前面”?如:There is a tree in front of the house。房子前面有一棵树?
in the front of的意思是“在……前部”,指在某个空间范围内的前面?如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室里前部有一块黑板?
18.find, find out
两者都有“发现”的意思,但语义有差别?find有偶然发现某物的意味?如:He found a bag on the floor.他发现地板上有个书包?
find out指“经过,探听,询问”,指调查之后的“发现”或“弄清楚”?如:Please find out who took my book by mistake。请查清楚谁错拿了我的书?
19.noise, voice, sound
这三个词都作“声音”解,在表示“听到声音”这个意思时,三者可以通用?但它们又各有特定的含义?
sound 作“声音”解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,如:a weak sound 微弱的声?
noise作“噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声”解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音?它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词?如:Another kind of pollution is noise.另外一种污染是噪音?
voice 作“声音”解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声?歌声和笑声?如:He shouted at the top of voice.他高声呼喊?有时也用于引申意义,作“意见?发言权”解?如:I have no voice in the matter.对于这件事,我没有发言权?
20.arrive, get, reach
三者均可表示“到达”,arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)?如:We arrived at the station five minutes late.我们晚了5分钟到车站?又如:They will arrive in Paris next Monday.他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎.
get之后通常接介词to?如:When we got to the park, it began to rain.我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了.
reach是及物动词(较 get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)?如:He reached Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。
中考必考词组、句型100例
1.want to do sth.想做某事
eg.I want to go to school.2.want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事
eg.I want my son to go to school.welcome to sp欢迎到某地
3.be different from 与---不同
eg.The weather in Beijing is different from that of Nanjing.4.be the same as 与……相同
eg.His trousers are the same as mine.5.be friendly to sb.对某人友好
eg.Mr.Wang is very friendly to us.6.welcome to
eg.Welcome to China.7.What’s the matter with sb./ sth? 出什么毛病了?
eg.What’s the matter with your watch?
8.what to do 做什么
eg.We don’t know what to do next.9.let sb.do sth.让某人做某事
eg.Let him enter the room.10.let sb.not do sth.让某人不做某人
eg.Let him not stand in the rain.11.why don’t you do sth? 怎么不做某事呢?
eg.Why don’t you play football with us?
12.why not do sth.? 怎么不做某事呢?
eg.Why not play football with us?
13.make sb.sth.为某人制造某物
eg.My father made me a kite.14.make sth for sb.为某人制造某物
eg.My father made a kite for me.15.What …mean by …?做……是什么意思?
eg.What do you mean by doing that?
16.like doing sth.喜爱做某事
eg.Jim likes swimming.17.like to do sth.喜爱做某事
eg.He doesn’t like to swim now.18.feel like doing sth.想做某事
eg.I feel like eating bananas.19.would like to do sth.愿意做某事
eg.Would you like to go rowing with me?
20.would like sb.to do sth.愿意某人做某事
eg.I’d like you to stay with me tonight.21.make sb.do sth.逼使某人做某事
eg.His brother often makes him stay in the sun.22.let sb.do sth.让某人做某事
eg.Let me sing a song for you.23.have sb.do sth.使某人做某事
eg.You shouldn’t have the students work so hard.24.be far from sp离某地远
eg.His school is far from his home.25.be near to sp离某地近
eg.The hospital is near to the post office.26.be good at sth./doing sth.擅长某事/做某事
eg.We are good at English.They are good at boating.27.It takes sb.some time to do sth.某人花多少时间做某事
eg.It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful horse in five minutes.28.sb.spends some time/money(in)doing sth.某人花多少时间做某事
eg.I spent twenty years in writing the novel.29.sb.spends some time/money on sth.某事花了某人多少时间/金钱
eg.Jim spent 1000 yuan on the bike.30.sth.costs sb.some money.某物花了某人多少钱
eg.The bike cost Jim 1000 yuan.31.sb.pays some money for sth.某人为某物付了多少钱
eg.Jim paid 1000 yuan for the bike.32.begin/start with sth.开始做某事
eg.The started the meeting with a song.33.be going to do sth.打算做某事
eg.We are going to study in Japan.34.call A B叫A B
eg.They called the village Gumtree.35.thank sb.for sth./doing sth.感谢某人做某事
eg.Thank you for your help.Thank you for helping me.36.What ……for? 为什么
eg.What do you learn English for?
37.How/ what about doing sth.?做某事怎么样?
eg.How about going fishing?
38.S +be+ the+最高级+of/in短语
eg.Lucy is the tallest in her class.39.S + be +比较级+than any other + n.eg.Lucy is taller than any other student in her class.40.have to do sth.不得不做某事
eg.I have to go home now.41.had better do sth.最好做某事
eg.You’d better study hard at English.42.had better not do sth.最好别做某事
eg.You’d better not stay up.43.help sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事
eg.Lucy often helps Lily to wash her clothes.44.help sb.do sth.帮助某人做某事
eg.He usually helps me learn English.45.help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事
eg.I sometimes help my mother with the housework.46.make it +时间把时间定在几点
eg.Let’s make it 8:30.47.take sb.to sp带某人到某地
eg.Mr.Wang will take us to the Summer Palace next Sunday.49.have nothing to do(with sb)与某人没有关系
eg.That has nothing to do with me.50.主语+ don’t think + 从句 认为……不……
eg.I don’t think it will rain tomorrow.51.It’s + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样
eg.It is lucky for you to go to London.52.How + adj/ adv + 主+ 谓!多么……啊!
eg.How beautiful the flower is!
53.what + a/an + adj + [ ] + 主+ 谓!
eg.What an beautiful flower it is!
54.What + adj+ pl./[u] +主+ 谓!
eg.What bad weather it is today!
55.find it + adj+ to do sth.发现做某事如何
eg.I find it hard to speak English well!
56.ask sb.for sth.向某人要某物
eg.They often ask me for money.57.need to do sth.需要做某事
eg.You need to study hard.58.need sth需要某物
eg.I don’t need your money.59.use A to do B用A来做B
eg.We use pens to write.60.show sb.Sth给某人看某物=
eg.Please show me the map.61.show sth.to sb.把某物给某人看
eg.Please show the map to me.62.pass sb.sth.把某物递给某人
eg.Pass me the cup of tea.63.pass sth.to sb.把某物递给某人
eg.Pass the cup of tea to me.64.buy sb.sth.为某人买某物
eg.Mother bought me a bike.65.buy sth.for sb.为某人买某物
eg.Mother bought a bike for me.66.give sb.sth把某物给某人
eg.Jim gave me an English dictionary.67.give sth.to sb.把某物给某人
eg.Jim gave an English dictionary to me.68.get to sp达到某地
eg.I got to Beijing on the morning of May 1st.69.arrive at /in sp 达到某地
eg.I arrived in Beijing on the morning of May 1st.70.reach sp达到某地
eg.I reached Beijing on the morning of May 1st.71.hope to do sth.希望某人做某事
eg.I hope to see you soon.72.there is sth.wrong with sth./sb.某物出设么毛病了=
eg.There is something wrong my car.73.sth.is wrong with ……某物出设么毛病了
eg.Something is wrong with my car.74.How do you like sth? 你认为……怎么样?
eg.How do you like Beijing?
75.What do you think of sth.? 你认为……怎么样?
eg.What do you think of Beijing?
76.start doing sth.开始做某事
eg.I started learning English in 1983.77.start to do sth.开始做某事
eg.I started to watch TV after finishing my homework.78.finish doing sth.完成作某事
eg.I finished cleaning my car just now.79.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
eg.They all enjoy living and working in China.80.What / when / where / who / something / anything / nothing else ……别的什么/何时/何地/谁……
eg.What else do you want to buy?
Where else have you gone?
Who else have you played with?
I have nothing else to tell you.Would you like something else?
81.forget doing sth.忘记做过某事了
eg.I forgot turning off the lights.Look, it is dark in the room.82.forget to do sth.忘了做某事了
eg.I forgot to turn off the lights.Could you go back and shut the off?
83.remember doing sth.记得做过某事了
eg.I remembered returning your money.You are so forgetful.84.remember to do sth.记住做某事
eg.Remember to bring me some money.I’ve run out of it.85.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事
eg.He stopped to talk with Mary when she enter the office.86.stop doing sth.停止做某事
eg.The students stopped talking when the teachet came in.87.watch/see/hear sb.do sth.观看/看见/听见某人做某事
eg.I saw you pick an apple just now.88.watch/see/hear sb.doing sth.观看/看见/听见某人在做某事
eg.I saw you playing basketball with your classmates on the playground last Sunday.89.go on doing sth.继续作谋事
eg.He went on reading after a short rest.90.go on to do sth.继续作谋事
eg.He went on to read after finishing wash the dishes.91.go on with sth.继续某事
eg.He went on with his work after a short rest.92.say hello/goodbye to sb.向某人告别
eg.I came to say good-bye to you.93.be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
eg.They are busy planting trees on the hill.94.be interested in sth.对某事感兴趣
eg.English is very interesting.We are all interested in it.95.tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事
eg.Mother told me to go shopping with her.96.ask sb.to do sth.请某人做某事
eg.Jim ask me to go rowing with him.97.call/ring sb.up给某人打电话
eg.I will call you up tommow.98.be ready to do sth.准备做某事
eg.We are ready to have lunch.99.go doing sth.去做某事
eg.Let’s go fishing.100.prefer A/doing A to B/doing B 喜欢A/做A而非B/做B
5.英语知识点汇总 篇五
词组及短语:
1.want to learn about 想要学习……
30.have fresh air
有新鲜空气
2.wait and see 等等看 31.Yellowstone National Park 3.find out about this country(美国)黄石国家公园
发现这个国家
32.fair view 美丽的风景
4.before the lessons 上课前 33.the Great Barrier Reef 5.ask my e-friend
问我的网友
(澳大利亚)
大堡礁
6.have an e-friend in Australia 有一个澳大利亚的网友 7.come from Australia来自澳大利亚
8.look for books and magazines about Australia找关于澳大利亚的书和杂志
9.read about ….on the Internet 在网上阅读关于…
10.send me some photos 寄给我一些照片 11.many interesting things 许多有趣的事
12.like animals喜欢动物
13.sport lovers体育运动爱好者
14.Australian Football澳式橄榄球
15.very exciting非常令人激动
16.a beautiful city一个美丽城市
17.many people许多人
18.every year每年
19.welcome visitors欢迎参观者
20.read books about读有关……的书
21.parks for plants and animals 动植物公园
22.interesting places有趣的地方
23.sometimes rainy有时下雨
24.interesting cities有趣的城市
25.in the country在这个国家
26.for example
例如
27.Big Ben
大本钟
28.London Eye
伦敦眼
29.Tower Bridge(伦敦)塔桥
34.Stonehenge(英国)巨石阵
35.make a potato salad做份土豆色拉
36.What do you think?
你觉得呢?
37.want to be a cook想当一名厨师
38.cook fish for me 为我做鱼
39.make some sandwiches 做一些三明治
40.wait to have the picnic等着野餐 41.an interesting country
一个有趣的国家
42.learn about cooking 学习烹饪
43.tell you about the UK
告诉你有关英国的知识
44.love our kangaroos and koalas
喜欢我们的袋鼠和考拉
45.know a woman from Australia.认识一个来自澳大利亚的女士。
46.find the Great Wall in China
找到中国长城。
47.find more information about these places 找到关于这些地方的更多信息 48.like eating nice food.喜欢吃美食
49.read newspapers 读报纸 50.be very busy in the kitchen
在厨房里忙碌 51.can
’t wait to have the picnic 迫不及待去野餐
52.next month 下个月
句型
1.The children will learn about Australia next week.孩子们下周要学习有关澳大利亚的情况。
2.I’ll ask my e-friend in Australia.我要询问在澳大利亚的网友。3.I’ll ask Mr Green.He comes from Australia.我要询问格林先生。他来自澳大利亚。
4.I’ll read about Australia on the Internet.我要在网上阅读有关澳大利亚的知识。5.I’ll go to the library and look for books and magazines about Australia.我要去图书馆查阅有关澳大利亚的书籍杂志。
6.You will find many interesting things in Australia.在澳大利亚,你会找到许多有趣的事情。7.You will love our kangaroos and koalas.你会喜欢我们的袋鼠和考拉。
8.Sport lovers will like Australian Football games because they are very exciting.体育爱好者会喜欢澳式橄榄球赛因为它们实在是令人兴奋的比赛。9.You will also like Sydney.你也会喜欢悉尼。
10.I’ll do many things tomorrow.我明天会做许多事情。
11.You’ll find interesting places like Big Ben, London Eye and Tower Bridge.你会找到有趣的地方如大本钟,伦敦眼和塔桥。
12.Billy likes eating nice food.比利喜欢吃美味的食物。
13.Billy wants to find out about cooking.比利想要查阅如何烹饪。
14.I’ll read newspapers too.我也要读报纸。
15.Billy will cook dinner for Sam and Bobby.比利要为萨姆和鲍比做晚饭。16.What will you cook?你要烹饪什么?
17.Will you cook fish for me?你会为我做鱼吗? 语法知识
1.一般将来时第二种结构:
6.数电知识点汇总 篇六
第一章:
1,二进制数、十六进制与十进制数的互化,十进制化为8421BCD代码 2,原码,补码,反码及化为十进制数 3,原码=补码反码+1 重点课后作业题:题1.7,1.10 第二章:
1,与,或,非,与非,或非,异或,同或,与或非的符号(2种不同符号,课本P22,P23上侧)及其表达式。
A☉A☉A„„A=?(当A的个数为奇数时,结果为A,当A的个数为偶数时,结果为1)A⊕A⊕A„„A=?(当A的个数为奇数时,结果为A,当A的个数为偶数时,结果为0)2,课本P25,P26几个常用公式(化简用)3,定理(代入定理,反演定理,对偶定理),学会求一表达式的对偶式及其反函数。
4,※※卡诺图化简:最小项写1,最大项写0,无关项写×。画圈注意事项: 圈内的“1”必须是2n个;“1”可以重复圈,但每圈一次必须包含没圈过的“1”; 每个圈包含“1”的个数尽可能多,但必须相邻,必须为2n个;圈数尽可能的少;要圈完卡诺图上所有的“1”。
5,一个逻辑函数全部最小项之和恒等于1 6,已知某最小项,求与其相邻的最小项的个数。
7,使用与非门时多余的输入端应该接高电平,或非门多余的输入端应接低电平。8,三变量逻辑函数的最小项共有8个,任意两个最小项之积为0.9,易混淆知识辨析:
1)如果对72个符号进行二进制编码,则至少需要7位二进制代码。
2)要构成13进制计数器,至少需要4个触发器。3)存储8位二进制信息需要8个触发器。4)N进制计数器有N个有效状态。
5)一个具有6位地址端的数据选择器的功能是2^6选1.重点课后作业题:P61 题2.10~2.13题中的(1)小题,P62-P63题2.15(7),题2.16(b),题2.18(3)、(5)、(7),P64题2.22(3)、2.23(3)、2.25(3)。
第三章:
1,二极管与门,或门的符号(课本P71,P72)
2,认识N沟道增强型MOS管,P沟道增强型MOS管,N沟道耗尽型,P沟道耗尽型的符号,学会由符号判断其类型和由类型推其符号。(课本P79)3,CMOS反相器的符号(课本P80)4,噪声容限(课本P82)
5,CMOS与非门和或非门的符号(课本P92)
6,CMOS类型的OD与非门符号,功能。CMOS类型的OD线与符号及功能(课本P94,95)
7,CMOS类型的传输门,三态门功能及符号。(课本P97,P99)
8,TTL门电路中的三极管反相器符号(课本P114)。关于三极管,当Vbc<0,三极管处于放大状态,当vbc>0,三极管处于饱和状态。
9,TTL门电路中的OC门和三态门(课本P132,P134)
10,会分析TTL门电路中RP的作用,当RP≤0.7KΩ,相当于输入低电平;当RP≥1.5KΩ相当于输入高电平。而CMOS的无论通过接地的电阻为多大,只要接地,都视为输入低电平。11,CMOS电路不允许悬空,必须接高电平。TTL或非门多余的输入端接低电平,CMOS或非门多余的输入端接低电平。
12,N型半导体是在本征半导体中掺入五价元素形成,其多子是电子。13,若要三极管工作在放大状态,发射结应该正向偏置。14,了解扇出系数的概念。
扇出系数就是一个门电路驱动同类型门电路的个数。也就是表示门电路的带负载能力。(详情请查看数电课件“第三章 门电路(5)(2)”的28~32页,有详细介绍)
第四章:
1,组合逻辑电路:任意时刻的输出仅仅取决于该时刻的输入,与电路原来的状态无关。组合逻辑电路通常由门电路组合而成。
组合逻辑电路常见类型:编码器,译码器,数据选择器,数值比较器,加法器,函数发生器,奇偶校验器、发生器。2,学会由逻辑函数得其真值表。3,普通编码器(任何时刻只允许输入一个编码信号);优先编码器,例如74HC148,输入输出均以低电平为有效信号。I7’的优先权最高,I0’的优先权最低。具体原理见课本P171。
4,用3线-8线译码器(74HC138)实现要求的逻辑功能。5,用4选1选择器,8选1选择器实现要求的逻辑功能。6,了解半加器,全加器的真值表,逻辑图及符号。
7,典例:当编码器74LS148的输入端I1’,I5’,I6’为低电平,选通输入端S’为低电平,其余输入端为高电平时,输出信号Y2’Y1’Y0’为001。
第五章:
1,SR或非,与非锁存器符号及其功能
2,电平触发触发器:带置位,复位端的SR触发器;D触发器。3,脉冲触发触发器:主从SR,JK触发器。4,边沿触发触发器 5,课本P237-P239各触发器的符号及其表达式。6,RS触发器有约束条件。
重点课后作业题:5.9 5.10 5.12 5.15 5.16(画波形)
第六章:
1,时序逻辑电路:任意时刻的输出信号不仅取决于当时的输入信号,而且还取决于电路原来的状态。时序逻辑电路的电路结构是组合电路和存储电路组成。2,时序逻辑电路的类型:寄存器,移位寄存器,计数器,顺序脉冲发生器。3,时序电路可以分为米利型和穆尔型。(课本P261)
4,时序逻辑电路解题注意驱动方程,特性方程,状态方程,输出方程。状态转化图和状态转化表的书写。5,学会设计同步时序逻辑电路。(课本P317-P319)(例题:课本课后作业题P353,题6.31)
6,次态卡诺图的书写及其应用。
7,掌握160,161芯片的异步清零和同步置数法。例如题目要求显示“1—7”,则必须使用同步置数法,因为起始值为“1”。
当题目要求显示“0-7”时,用置数法时,D0-D3引脚必须接在一起之后接地,而用清零法时则不必。
8, 8位序列信号发生器的题,当输出Y那里没有圈时,输出照D0~D7的顺序原样输出;当输出Y那里有圈时,输出照D0~D7的顺序反相输出。
第十章:
1,脉冲整形电路:施密特触发器,单稳态触发器。
2,脉冲振荡电路:对称式和非对称式多谐振荡器、环形振荡器以及用施密特触发器构成的多谐振荡器。
3,了解用门电路组成的施密特触发器同向输出和反向输出的电压传输特性图。4,回差电压的概念:用555定时器构成的施密特触发器,当Vco悬空时,△VT=vcc/3
5,掌握用555定时器接成的施密特触发器,单稳态触发器,多谐振荡器的周期。单稳态触发器:tW(输出脉宽)=RCln3=1.1RC 多谐振荡器:充电时间T1=(R1+R2)*Cln2,放电时间T2=R2 *Cln2,电路的振荡周期T=T1+T2=(R1+2R2)*Cln2,输出脉冲的占空比q=T1/T=(R1+R2)/(R1+2R2)施密特触发器,单稳态触发器,多谐振荡器的一些区别: 施密特触发器:
2、6引脚接在一起,引入输入VI。(图上没有R1,R2)单稳态触发器:
2、6引脚不接在一起。
7.学习英语要重视背景知识 篇七
例如关于方位次序, 汉语是“东南西北”, 英语常是north (北) , south (南) , east (东) , west (西) 。在汉语中, “北”居末位, 英语“north”居首位。汉语尊“东”, 放在首位;英语“east”排第三, 还在“south”后。汉语和英语对于方位次序之争, 又可见于:东北 (northeast) , 西北 (northwest) , 东南 (southeast) , 西南 (southwest) 。
语言表达的差异, 源于看问题的角度的差异。汉语尊东, 因为日出于东。英国人和航海渊源很深, 以北为方位之首。听说有这样一个故事:一个青年人陪美国游客到一所绿化很好的大学校园时说:“This campus is filled with trees.”这位美国人却补充:“Yes, filled with trees and shrubs.”因为呈现在眼前的, 不只是trees (树) , 还有shrubs (灌木) , 二者在英语中有别。然而某种灌木达到一定的高度, 具有通常所说的“树”的外形时, 他们往往混称。如一棵直立的蔷薇, 既称为rose bush, 也可称为rose tree;甚至香蕉是草本植物, 由于外形似树, 英美人也叫它banana tree。这样, 既有一般的习惯, 又有偶然的例外。
可再举一例:“葡萄树”在汉语是现成的说法, 所以英语vine在一些英汉词典中就有“葡萄树”的译法。不要以为“葡萄树”的“树”相当于tree, 在英美人看来, 任何植物尽管有相当的高度, 但如果需要攀缘而上, 不能自己直立, 终究不能成为tree。葡萄藤正是这类植物, 因此不应进入tree的行列。
撇开自然, 谈到社会关系, 另有许多值得注意之处。现举几个例子说明。
先说关于亲属的称呼。众所周知, 中国历史上封建时期特别长, 形成了浓厚的“家族”的观念, 因而亲情称呼较为繁复, 分得比较细致。汉语有姨母、姑母、婶母、舅舅, 英语则笼统称之为aunt。汉语中各有所指的伯父、叔父、舅你、姑丈、姨丈, 又都可译成英语的uncle。问题在于, 当我们在英语作品中遇到aunt或uncle这两个词要译成汉语时, 如不查清在原书中二者和当事人是什么样的亲属关系, 就可能错译。
从家庭进入广大的社会, 是另一个更为广阔的世界, 不妨先举一个常用词作说明。在涉及人和人的关系时, 我们如用considerate这个词形容某人, 在英美人听来, 这是有浓厚的涵义的, 诸如善于体贴、关怀等意义都在其中了, 其他国家的人却未必体会如此深刻。
再则, 社会情况并不是一成不变的。过去英国人认为美国人把家庭女工或非全日帮工称为ladyhelp或help之类不妥当。今天, 英国人也把help用于这个意义了。原来, 英国人喜欢在信封上男性收信者姓名后用Esq.这个尊称略语, 现在则很少用到。若不对时刻演变的风俗习惯多多留心, 将会墨守成规, 难以适应新情况, 而造成用语不当, 甚至有误。
8.英语知识点汇总 篇八
◆in order to 为了……
课文原句:In order to survive, Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend — a volleyball he calls Wilson.
In order to后接动词原形,多在句中作状语,表目的。这个词组经常和so as to放在一起考查,所以一定要弄清二者的区别与联系。In order to 和so as to 都表示“为了”,都作目的状语,都有时态和语态的变化:其一般现在时或将来时的主动语态为to do;完成时态则用to have done;一般现在时和完成时的被动语态则分别用to be done和to have been done。二者的区别在于:so as to一般不放于句首,而in order to 放在句首、句中和句尾均可。
真题演练:
All these gifts must be mailed immediately ____ in time for Christmas. (2005辽宁)
A. in order to have received
B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received
D. so as to be receiving
解析:本题考查的是in order to和so as to作目的状语时的语态。很明显句中“礼物是被收到的”,应使用被动语态,而A、B、D三个选项都不是被动语态,只有C选项正确。整句话的意思是:所有这些礼物必须马上寄出去,以便(收件人)圣诞节时能及时收到。
◆should have done 本应做(某事)
课文原句:He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.
Should have done表示“本来应该做某事但实际没有做”,含有责备的意味。在这里的意思是:他认识到他本来应该多关心他的朋友,但事实上他没有做到。其否定形式shouldn't have done则表示“本不该做某事,却做了”,如:I feel sick. I shouldn't have eaten a lot. (我觉得难受。我本不应该吃那么多)。此外,情态动词may/must/can后接完成时态,也可表推测,如:have done表示对过去的推测;may have done表示过去可能做了某事;must have done表示过去肯定做了某事,语气较may have done更为肯定;can't have done表示过去不可能做了某事。使用时一定要注意区分。
真题演练:
Mr. White ____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up. (2004全国)
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrivedD. should be arriving
解析:本题考查的就是should have done的用法,这句话的意思是:怀特先生本来八点半就应该到会场的,但是他没有出现。整句话用的是一般过去时态,表示过去应该做某事,但实际上没做,用should have done暗含一定的责备意味,选A。
◆so... that + 从句如此……以至于……
课文原句:Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.
这是结果状语从句最典型的句型之一,原文中定语从句的意思是:他这么忙,很少有时间和朋友们交流。其实在高考中经常考到的结果状语从句除了such... that,还有so...that。二者引导结果状语从句有所不同,要注意区分。
So引导的结果状语从句有:
1) So + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + that从句,如:He is so good a student that all teachers like him. 他是这么好的一个学生,所有的老师都喜欢他。
2) So + many/much/few/little(表数量) + 复数可数名词或不可数名词 + that从句,如:There is so much water in the bucket that he can hardly lift it out of the well. 桶里有这么多水,他几乎无法从井里把水提上来。
Such引导的结果状语从句有:
1) Such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that从句,如:It was such a moving film that he burst into tears. 这部电影如此感人,他的眼泪夺眶而出。
2) Such + 形容词 + 名词复数/不可数名词 + that从句,如:It's such fine weather that most of us want to go on an outing. 天气这么好,我们大多数人都想出去玩。
总之,判断到底是由so还是由such引导结果状语从句,关键是要抓住紧接so/such后的词是形容词(副词)还是由形容词修饰的名词,前者用so引导,后者由such引导。
真题演练:
We were in ________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2003上海)
A. a rush so anxious
B. a such anxious rush
C. so an anxious rush
D. such an anxious rush
解析:本题考查的就是so和such引导的结果状语从句,要注意so和such后面的语序,so后面紧接形容词构成so + adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数,而such后的语序则为:such+ a/an + adj. + n.,只有D选项的语序是正确的,符合语法结构。
[Unit 2]
◆except for 除了……以外
课文原句:In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong, where many people speak English as a first or a second language.
Except for 意思是“除了”,后面一般接名词。在这句话中,except for后面的those指代的是香港学生。Except for从“中国学生”这个整体中排除了“香港学生”这部分。 但“those”一般指代较近的名词,所以这句话最好改为“English is learnt as a foreign language by all the chinese students at school, except for those...”
在高考题中,要区分四个表示“除了”的词:except/but/besides/except for。Except/but用法相同,表示“除了……以外”,用于同类事物的排除,后面可接名词、介词短语或that从句,如:We have lessons every day except/but Sunday. (除了周日,我们每天都有课)。Except for是从整体中排除,但排除的是不同类的事物,后面接名词,如:I like your apartment except for the decoration. (我喜欢你的公寓,除了装修)。Besides意思是“除了……之外还有”,包括所排除的部分,后面多接名词,如:She helps to cook and wash besides looking after the child. (她除了要照看小孩,还要帮着做饭和洗衣)。
真题演练:
The suit fitted him well ____ the color was a little brighter. (2005 上海)
A. except for B. except that
C. except when D. besides
解析:本题考查的是except和besides的用法,空格后面是一个完整句子the color was a little brighter,只有except后面可以接that从句,besides不可以接从句,因此只有B选项正确。同样,A选项错在except for后面多接名词,不接句子。
◆come about 出现,发生,产生
课文原句:How did this difference come about?
Come about表示“出现”或“产生”时,相当于happen,是一个不及物动词,后面一般不接宾语。与come有关的词组还有很多,如:come across突然想起来,偶遇;come along一起来,跟着来;come back回来,苏醒;come by从旁走过,得到。
真题演练:
It's already 10 o'clock, I wonder how it ____ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. (2006 湖北)
A. came overB. came out
C. came aboutD. came up
解析:本题考查的就是come组成的短语。根据题意:现在已经十点了,我想知道她怎么走如此短的路程要迟到两个小时。How it come about意思是“怎么发生的?”“怎么可能?”;come about作不及物动词,相当于“happen”,表示偶然发生;it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句。其余几项意思分别为:come over过来,顺便来访;come out结果是,出版;come up 走近,显现,出现,均不符合题意。选C。
[Unit 3]
◆see sb. off 为某人送行
课文原句:Is anybody seeing you off?
See sb. off 意思是“为某人送行”,如果sb. 是代词,则放在see和off之间;如果sb. 是名词,则既可放在see和off之间,也可放于off之后。易混淆的词组有see about(料理)、see to(照料)。
真题演练:
John is leaving for London tomorrow and I will ____ him ___ at the airport. (2005 广东)
A. send away B. leave off
C. see offD. show around
解析:根据语境暗示:约翰明天就要离开伦敦了,那我去机场自然应该是送他。为某人送行用see off。A选项是“派遣,打发”之意;B选项是“从……中去除”,D选项的意思是“带领某人参观”,均不符合题意。选C。
◆unless引导的条件状语从句
课文原句:You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket.
Unless意为“除非,如果不”,引导条件状语从句,相当于“If...not...”,后接表示条件的句子,且所接的句子要用肯定形式(不能用包含not的双重否定),翻译为“如果不……就不……”,或者“除非……才能……”,如:You will miss the bus unless you get up early. (除非你早点儿起床,你才能赶上公交车)。另外,这句话中的should表示一种警戒或劝告。
真题演练:
We won't keep winning games ____ we keep playing well. (2006 浙江)
A. becauseB. unless
C. when D. while
解析:本题考查的是连词的用法。根据语境,这句话要表达的意思是:如果不继续好好打下去,我们就不会在比赛中一直赢。“如果不……就不……”,应选用B项unless,引导条件状语从句。Because引导原因状语从句;when多引导时间状语从句;while多引导时间状语从句或让步状语从句,均不符合题意。
◆that引导的同位语从句
课文原句:The name "whitewater" comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.
That引导的同位语从句多作fact/news/explanation等抽象名词的同位语,即that后面用一个完整的句子来说明前面那个名词的具体内容,此时,that在句子中不作任何成分且不可省略。需要注意的是,that也可以引导定语从句。判断that引导的是同位语从句还是定语从句,要看that在从句中是否作成分:如果没作成分则引导的是同位语从句,如果作成分则引导的是定语从句。同时还需注意:that引导定语从句时,若作从句的主语则不可省,但作从句的宾语时,可省。
真题演练:
Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (2004上海春)
A. which B. thatC. whatD. whether
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