必修一集合讲课教案

2024-09-25

必修一集合讲课教案(8篇)

1.必修一集合讲课教案 篇一

教学目标: 1、理解集合的概念和性质.

2、了解元素与集合的表示方法.

3、熟记有关数集.

4、培养学生认识事物的能力.

教学重点: 集合概念、性质

教学难点: 集合概念的理解

教学过程:

1、 定义:

集合:一般地,某些指定的对象集在一起就成为一个集合(集). 元素:集合中每个对象叫做这个集合的元素.

由此上述例中集合的元素是什么?

例(1)的元素为1、3、5、7,

例(2)的元素为到两定点距离等于两定点间距离的点,

例(3)的元素为满足不等式3x-2> x+3的实数x,

例(4)的元素为所有直角三角形,

例(5)为高一·六班全体男同学.

一般用大括号表示集合,{ ? }如{我校的篮球队员},{太平洋、大西洋、印度洋、北冰洋}。则上几例可表示为??

为方便,常用大写的拉丁字母表示集合:A={我校的篮球队员} ,B={1,2,3,4,5}

(1)确定性;(2)互异性;(3)无序性.

3、元素与集合的关系:隶属关系

元素与集合的关系有“属于∈”及“不属于?(? 也可表示为)两种。 如A={2,4,8,16},则4∈A,8∈A,32 ? A.

集合的元素通常用小写的拉丁字母表示,如:a是集合A的元素,就说a属于集A 记作 a?A ,相反,a不属于集A 记作 a?A (或)

注:1、集合通常用大写的拉丁字母表示,如A、B、C、P、Q??

元素通常用小写的拉丁字母表示,如a、b、c、p、q??

2、“∈”的开口方向,不能把a∈A颠倒过来写。

4

注:(1)自然数集与非负整数集是相同的,也就是说,自然数集包括数0。

(2)非负整数集内排除0的集。记作N_或N+ 。Q、Z、R等其它数集内排除0

的集,也是这样表示,例如,整数集内排除0的集,表示成Z_

请回答:已知a+b+c=m,A={x|ax2+bx+c=m},判断1与A的关系。

1.1.2 集合间的基本关系

教学目标:1.理解子集、真子集概念;

2.会判断和证明两个集合包含关系;

3.理解“? ”、“?”的含义; ≠

4.会判断简单集合的相等关系;

5.渗透问题相对的观点。

教学重点:子集的概念、真子集的概念

教学难点:元素与子集、属于与包含间区别、描述法给定集合的运算 教学过程:

观察下面几组集合,集合A与集合B具有什么关系?

(1) A={1,2,3},B={1,2,3,4,5}.

(2) A={x|x>3},B={x|3x-6>0}.

(3) A={正方形},B={四边形}.

(4) A=?,B={0}.

(5)A={银川九中高一(11)班的女生},B={银川九中高一(11)班的学生}。

1.子集

定义:一般地,对于两个集合A与B,如果集合A中的任何一个元素都是集合B的元素,我们就说集合A包含于集合B,或集合B包含集合A,记作A?B(或B?A),即若任意x?A,有x?B,则A?B(或A?B)。

这时我们也说集合A是集合B的子集(subset)。

如果集合A不包含于集合B,或集合B不包含集合A,就记作A?B(或B?A),即:若存在x?A,有x?B,则A?B(或B?A)

说明:A?B与B?A是同义的,而A?B与B?A是互逆的。

规定:空集?是任何集合的子集,即对于任意一个集合A都有??A。

(2)除去?与A本身外,集合A的其它子集与集合A的关系如何?

3.真子集:

由“包含”与“相等”的关系,可有如下结论:

(1)A?A (任何集合都是其自身的子集);

(2)若A?B,而且A?B(即B中至少有一个元素不在A中),则称集合A是集合B的真子集(proper subset),记作A≠ B。(空集是任何非空集合的真

子集)

(3)对于集合A,B,C,若A?B,B?C,即可得出A?C;对A? B,B? C,同样≠≠

?有A≠ C, 即:包含关系具有“传递性”。

4.证明集合相等的方法:

?

第3 / 7页

(1) 证明集合A,B中的元素完全相同;(具体数据)

(2) 分别证明A?B和B?A即可。(抽象情况)

对于集合A,B,若A?B而且B?A,则A=B。

1.1.3集合的基本运算

教学目的:(1)理解两个集合的并集与交集的的含义,会求两个简单集合的并

集与交集;

(2)理解在给定集合中一个子集的补集的含义,会求给定子集的补

集;

(3)能用Venn图表达集合的关系及运算,体会直观图示对理解抽

象概念的作用。

教学重点:集合的交集与并集、补集的概念;

教学难点:集合的交集与并集、补集“是什么”,“为什么”,“怎样做”;

【知识点】

1. 并集

一般地,由所有属于集合A或属于集合B的元素所组成的集合,称为集合A与B的并集(Union)

记作:A∪B 读作:“A并B”

即: A∪B={x|x∈A,或x∈B}

Venn图表示:

第4 / 7页

A与B的所有元素来表示。 A与B的交集。

2. 交集

一般地,由属于集合A且属于集合B的元素所组成的集合,叫做集合A与B的交集(intersection)。

记作:A∩B 读作:“A交B”

即: A∩B={x|∈A,且x∈B}

交集的Venn图表示

说明:两个集合求交集,结果还是一个集合,是由集合A与B的公共元素组成的集合。

拓展:求下列各图中集合A与B的并集与交集

A

说明:当两个集合没有公共元素时,两个集合的交集是空集,不能说两个集合没有交集

3. 补集

全集:一般地,如果一个集合含有我们所研究问题中所涉及的所有元素,那么就称这个集合为全集(Universe),通常记作U。

补集:对于全集U的一个子集A,由全集U中所有不属于集合A的所有元素组成的集合称为集合A相对于全集U的补集(complementary set),简称为集合A的补集,

记作:CUA

即:CUA={x|x∈U且x∈A}

第5 / 7页

补集的Venn图表示

说明:补集的概念必须要有全集的限制

4. 求集合的并、交、补是集合间的基本运算,运算结果仍然还是集合,区分

交集与并集的关键是“且”与“或”,在处理有关交集与并集的问题时,常常从这两个字眼出发去揭示、挖掘题设条件,结合Venn图或数轴进而用集合语言表达,增强数形结合的思想方法。

5. 集合基本运算的一些结论:

A∩B?A,A∩B?B,A∩A=A,A∩?=?,A∩B=B∩A

A?A∪B,B?A∪B,A∪A=A,A∪?=A,A∪B=B∪A

(CUA)∪A=U,(CUA)∩A=?

若A∩B=A,则A?B,反之也成立

若A∪B=B,则A?B,反之也成立

若x∈(A∩B),则x∈A且x∈B

若x∈(A∪B),则x∈A,或x∈B

¤例题精讲:

【例1】设集合U?R,A?{x|?1?x?5},B?{x|3?x?9},求A?B,?U(A?B). 解:在数轴上表示出集合A、B

【例2】设A?{x?Z||x|?6},B??1,2,3?,C??3,4,5,6?,求:

(1)A?(B?C); (2)A??A(B?C).

【例3】已知集合A?{x|?2?x?4},B?{x|x?m},且A?B?A,求实数m的取值范围.

_且x?N}【例4】已知全集U?{x|x?10,,A?{2,4,5,8},B?{1,3,5,8},求

CU(A?B),CU(A?B),(CUA)?(CUB), (CUA)?(CUB),并比较它们的关系.

2.必修一集合讲课教案 篇二

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1.1-2集合的概念及其表示

(二)教学目标:掌握表示集合方法;了解空集的概念及其特殊性,渗透抽象、概括思想。教学重点:集合的表示方法

教学难点:正确表示一些简单集合 课

型:新课 教学手段:讲授

教学过程:

一、创设情境 复习提问:

集合元素的特征有哪些?怎样理解,试举例说明,集合与元素关系是什么?如何用数不符号表示?

那么给定一个具体的集合,我们如何表示它呢?这就是今天我们学习的内容—集合的表示(板书课题)我们可以用自然语言来描述一个集合,但这将给我们带来很多不便,除此之外还常用列举法和描述法来表示集合

二、新课讲解

1、列举法:把集合中的元素一一列举出来,写在大括号内表示集合的方法。例:“中国的直辖市”构成的集合,写成{北京,天津,上海,重庆} 由“maths中的字母” 构成的集合,写成{m,a,t,h,s} 由“book中的字母” 构成的集合,写成{b,o,k} 注:

(1)有些集合亦可如下表示:从51到100的所有整数组成的集合:

{51,52,53,„,100}所有正奇数组成的集合:{1,3,5,7,„}(2)a与{a}不同:a表示一个元素,{a}表示一个集合,该集合只有一个元素。

比如:与 不同,∈

(3)集合中的元素具有无序性,所以用列举法表示集合时不必考虑元素的顺序。例1(P4)

2、描述法:用确定的条件表示某些对象是否属于这个集合,并把这个条件写在大括号内表示集合的方法。

格式:{x∈A| P(x)} 含义:在集合A中满足条件P(x)的x的集合。

例:不等式x12的解集可以表示为:{xR|x12}或{x|x3,xR}

“中国的直辖市”构成的集合,写成{xx为中国的直辖市};

第 1 页(共 3页)

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“maths中的字母” 构成的集合,写成{xx为maths中的字母};

“平面直角坐标系中第二象限的点”{(x,y)| x<0且y>0} 22“方程x+5x-6=0的实数解” {x∈R| x+5x-6=0}={-6,1} 注:(1)在不致混淆的情况下,可以省去竖线及左边部分。如:{直角三角形};

4{大于10的实数}(2)错误表示法:{实数集};{全体实数} 例2(P5)

3、图示法:

文氏图(Venn图):用一条封闭的曲线的内部来表示一个集合的方法。

边界用直线还是曲线,用实线还是虚线都无关紧要,只要封闭并把有关元素和子集统统包含在里边就行,但不能理解成圈内每个点都是集合的元素.数轴法:{x∈R|3

连续的(用不等式表示的)实数集合可以用数轴上的一段封闭曲线来表示

三、例题讲解

例1解不等式2x35,并把结果用集合表示.解:由不等式2x35,知x4

所以原不等式解集是xRx4xx4,xRxx4 例2 求方程x2x10的解集 解:因为x2x10没有实数解,所以xx2x10,xR

例3用描述法分别表示

2(1)抛物线y=x上的点.2(2)抛物线y=x上点的横坐标.2(3)抛物线y=x上点的纵坐标.四、课堂练习

练习:P5 2、3.五、回顾反思

1.描述法表示集合应注意集合的代表元素

{(x,y)|y= x2+3x+2}与 {y|y= x2+3x+2}不同,只要不引起误解,集合的代表元素也可省略,第 2 页(共 3页)

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例如:{整数},即代表整数集Z。注意:这里的{ }已包含“所有”的意思,所以不必写{全体整数}。写法{实数集},{R}是错误的。

2.列举法与描述法各有优点,应该根据具体问题确定采用哪种表示法,要注意,一般无限集,不宜采用列举法。

3.本节课在教学时主要教会学生学习集合的表示方法,在认识集合时,应从两方面入手:(1)元素是什么?

(2)确定集合的表示方法是什么?表示集合时,与采用字母名称无关。

六、作业布置

作业:P6 A组题:1,2,3,4,5 思考:P6 B组题

3.必修一集合讲课教案 篇三

教学目标:

1.通过观察、操作,使学生体会所学平面图形的特征,并能用自己的语言描述长方形、正方形的边的特征。

2.通过观察、操作,使学生初步感知所学图形之间的关系。

3.通过学生大量拼摆图形,发现图形可由简单到复杂的变化及联系,感受图形美。

4.拼一拼讲课教案:通过数学活动,培养学生用数学进行交流、合作探究和创新的意识。

教学重难点:

体会所学平面图形的特征,能用自己的语言描述长方形、正方形的边的特征。

拼一拼讲课教案

教法设计:

引导观察,动手操作,体验知识的形成过程。

教学过程:

一、创设情境,谈话导入

教师出示一个风车,并以谈话引入:同学们看,这是什么

?

你们喜欢风车吗?谁动手做过这样的风车?给大家介绍一下做这样的风车要用哪些东西?

二、感受新知,观察比较

1.提问:你们说得很对,作风车的风叶要用一张正方形的纸,正方形上个学期跟我们见过面了,是个老朋友了,回忆一下,上学期除了正方形你还认识哪些图形?

在这些图形中,哪些图形和正方形最相似?为什么?

2.提问:它们都有四个角,四条边,先来看看长方形,它的四条边有什么特点?

上面的边对着下面的边,这样相对的边我们把它叫做对边。

3.引导学生继续观察长方形的边。

提问:我们能想办法证明长方形对边相等吗?

生可以自由选择证明方法,如对折、测量等,并请用不同的方法的学生上台演示。(教师板书:对边相等)

4.引导学生观察正方形的边,有什么发现?

你能证明正方形的四条边都相等吗?

5.小朋友们真了不起,通过你的观察,动手验证了两种图形边的特点,那你能不能利用手中老师发给你的长方形的纸做一个风车呢?(全班同学动手做风车,教师给有困难的学生进行指导)说一说你在做风车的过程中发现了哪些图形?

6.一个简简单单的风车,就让我们发现了这么多的图形,你能试着用这些图形来拼更多的图形吗?大家来试试!

三、动手实践

1.学生独立完成第3页的“做一做”。

2.第6页的第4题。

3.第6页的第5题。

四、小结

这节课我们进行了图形的拼摆,同学们学得很投入,课下请大家留心观察生活中有哪些基本的图形拼成的图案,说不定会有更多更好的发现。

4.必修一集合讲课教案 篇四

永春桃城中心小学

许丽春

教学目的:

1、能通过语言描写表现人物特点,学习用加一加、减一减、挪一挪、换一换的方法描写人物的语言,使之生动活泼。

2、能在相互评价中学会欣赏他人的长处,并能为我所用。

教学重点:学习用加一加、减一减、挪一挪、换一换的方法描写人物的语言。教学难点:能在相互评价中学会欣赏他人的长处,并能为我所用。教学时间:2011年11月24日上午第二节 教学过程:

一、导入新课

上一次,老师让大家写自己熟悉的一个人,59篇作文收上来了,老师惊喜地发现,同学们能紧扣题目要求来写,有的朴实,有的幽默,有的感人,当然也有不尽人意的地方。不过,老师知道每一篇习作都是你们用心的结果。

(一)欣赏好题目

1、读了大家的作文,有几个题目令我眼前一亮,《“神眼”老爸》——林泽宇

《“淘气”妈妈》——叶慧珊 《臭美老妈》—— 郑思琪

《“三好”妈妈》——陈佳璐

这几个题目,把人物的特点用一个词语概括,传神!泽宇,你是写爸爸什么特点?(泽宇说)思琪,你的妈妈很——(思琪说)哦,知道了,是爱打扮,爱美之心,人皆有之,可以理解。大家说,慧珊的妈妈怎样?那少真的妈妈呢?我还喜欢这样的题目——

《我的秒针妈妈》——苏静蕾

《母老虎》——章舒亭

《多功能妈妈》——林少真

《野蛮女孩》——杨凌珊

我还喜欢这样的题目——

《四眼小才女》——郑银屏

《捣蛋大王》——林晨昕

《书痴》——林睿思

《蘑菇头》——林思萍

好题目,吸引人,像这个——

《牛皮筋》——肖彤

不是要求写人吗,怎么写牛皮筋了?读了肖彤的习作,我发觉特别贴切。请大家看看下面的题目:

《我的妈妈》

《我的爸爸》

《我熟悉的一个人》 怎么样,逊色多了吧?

小结:要给作文取个好题目,就像你们的爸爸妈妈绞尽脑汁,给你们取个好名字,你的作文就是你的孩子。给文章取个好的标题,才能吸引读者的眼球,产生阅读的兴趣。

(二)欣赏好句子

导语:有了好题目,还得写出好句子。感谢以下同学,你们的作文给我们带来了阅读的愉快。让我们带着欣赏的目光好好品一品咱们班同学的好词佳句吧。

1、爸爸盯着我,眼睛好像要喷出火来,继而发出狮子般的怒吼:‚你怎么又玩电脑了?‛——林泽宇《神眼老爸》

(1)泽宇读。

(2)好一个“喷火”,好一个“怒吼”,真吓人!泽宇,犯了什么错,让爸爸这么生气?

2、野蛮女孩见了,一个箭步冲上去,大喝一声:‚不许欺负女生!‛说着,一把揪住他的衣领,像拎小鸡一样,把他押到回座位。——杨凌珊《野蛮女孩》

(1)凌珊读。

(2)看完句子,你有什么感觉?

(3)“冲、喝、揪、押”几个简简单单的动作,一个野蛮女孩的形象跃然纸上,高!

3、见我胜利在望,妈妈撅着嘴,撒起娇来:‚不玩了,不玩了,反正你肯定赢!‛哦,天哪,又这样!这到底谁是谁的女儿呀!——叶慧珊《娇气妈妈》

(1)慧珊读。

(2)撅嘴,撒娇,这不是小孩的专利吗?可慧珊就有这样一个童心未泯的妈妈,幸福啊!(3)你觉得哪句话更有意思?

4、在回家的路上,弟弟念念有词:‚一号附加题……二十九号菜放叶……三十三号黄金爷……‛——颜纾语《我的弟弟》

(1)纾语读。

(2)真的纾语的弟弟在说什么了吗?让纾语来揭晓答案吧。(3)把“念念有词”换成“说”,试试看。指名读。这样好吗?

5、一次,我在做作业,堂弟一直在我旁边叽里呱啦地讲个不停,我不耐烦了,气呼呼地说:‚真烦人!‛堂弟并不生气,反而嬉皮笑脸地说:‚嘿嘿,说对了,加一千分!我不是神仙,我的的确确是‘真——凡——人’!‛—— 李世杰《我的堂弟》

(1)世杰读

(2)这句话跟纾语的那句话有异曲同工之妙——利用谐音。不过这句话更吸引我的却是“嬉皮笑脸”这个词,去掉它,试着读一读,效果一样吗?

(3)一个“嬉皮笑脸”,把堂弟的调皮表现得淋漓尽致。好!

6、自习课上,我在做数学作业,前桌转过身来问:‚肖彤,这道题怎么做?‛ ‚别吵,没看见我正忙着吗?‛我朝她翻了个白眼,接着埋头计算。

‚拜托啦,就一题。‛她满脸堆笑,‚呵呵,不会耽搁你太多时间的。‛ ‚哎呀,你可以去问别人呀!‛我叹了口气说。心楠可怜巴巴地看着我:‚求你啦,教教我吧!‛。

‚我真的没空!‛

‚哼,什么没空,你不教我,说明你也不会做!‛说着,扭过头去,不理人了。‚行啦行啦,我教你就是了。‛我经不起的她的百般折磨,只好举手投降。

——肖彤《牛皮筋》

(1)情景再现(请肖彤、心楠表演当时的)

小结:细心观察,认真倾听,用心捕捉,细细琢磨,才能把人物语言写活,让读的人如见其人,如闻其声。

三、挑刺

1、导语:在欣赏同学的好词佳句的同时,老师也带着挑剔的眼光在寻找,寻找你们写得不恰当的地方。请看下面一段话:

有一次,我在家做作业,突然遇到一道题:‚把342个鸡蛋平均分成3份,每份是几个?‛。我算不出来,去问新鸿。新鸿想都没想,就说:‚114个。‛我用计算器算了一遍,果然不错。我说:‚好厉害!‛新鸿说:‚这没什么。‛我说:‚711除以3等于多少?‛新鸿说:‚237。‛我说:‚你怎么知道。‛新鸿说:‚我算出来的。‛我说:‚好厉害。‛新鸿说:‚以后不懂的尽管问我。‛我说‚好。‛

2、指名读,其他同学边听边想:上面这段话存在什么问题?怎样修改才好?

3、指名说存在的问题。

4、怎么修改才好呢?(学生自由发言)

5、归纳一下,大致可以改为:

一次,我在家做作业,突然遇到一道题;‚把342个鸡蛋平均分成3份,每份是几 个?‛。我算不出来,去问新鸿。

他想都没想,张口就说:‚114个。‛

‚真厉害!‛我不禁赞叹道。‚这没什么。‛新鸿倒很谦虚。

我想再试试他,又问:‚711除以3等于多少?‛ ‚等于 237。‛。新鸿脱口而出。‚你怎么知道?‛ ‚我算出来的呀!‛

‚你真了不起!‛我佩服得五体投地

‚别夸我了。‛新鸿说,‚以后不懂的尽管问我。‛ 我高兴地说:‚好。‛

请三位同学朗读修改后的语段,指名说发现了什么。

教师小结:是啊,写对话的时候,可以加一加,加上人物的神态和动作;减一减,把说话人省去;挪一挪,让说话人走起来;还可以变一变,把“说”字变成其他的词语。这样可以让你笔下的人物活过来,动起来。

四、总结

1、通过这节课的学习,你有哪些收获?(学生自由谈)

2、同学们,“改”比“写”更重要。作文是写出来的,好作文是改出来的。请大家跟我读这一句话:作文是写出来的,好作文是改出来的。

板书:

我熟悉的一个人”评讲

加加减减更生动

挪挪换换更活泼

5.高中数学集合部分教案(一) 篇五

教学目标

1、集合的概念和性质.2、集合的元素特征.3、有关数的集合.教学难、重点

1、集合.的概念.2、集合.元素的三个特征..教学过程 Ⅰ 复习回顾

回顾初中代数中涉及“集合”的提法.一般地说,一个含有未知数的不等式的所有的解,组成这个不等式的解的集合,简称这个不等式的解集.不等式的解集中涉及到“集合”.Ⅱ 新课讲授

实例

⑴数组 1,3,5,7.⑵到两定点距离的和等于两定点间距离的点.⑶满足的全体实数3x-2> x+3.⑷所有直角三角形.⑸高一(3)班全体男同学.⑹所有绝对值等于6的数的集合.⑺所有绝对值小于3的整数的集合..⑻中国足球男队的队员.⑼参加2008年奥运会的中国代表团成员.⑽参与中国加入WTO谈判的中方成员.通过以上实例.教师指出:

1、定义

一般地,某些指定对象集在一起就成为一个集合(集).集合中每个对象叫做这个集合的元素.上述集合的元素是什么? 例⑴的元素为1,3,5,7.例⑵的元素为到两定点距离的和等于两定点间距离的点.例⑶的元素为满足不等式3x-2> x+3的实数x.例⑷的元素为所有直角三角形.例⑸的元素为高一(3)班全体男同学.例⑹的元素为-6,6.例⑺的元素为-2,-1,0,1,2.例⑻的元素为中国足球男队的队员.例⑼的元素为参加2008年奥运会的中国代表团成员.例⑽的元素为参与WTO谈判的中方成员.请同学们举出三个例子,并指出其元素.一般地来讲,用大括号表示集合.例⑴{1,3,5,7}.例⑵{到两定点距离的和等于两定点间距离的点}.例⑶{3x-2> x+3的实解}.例⑷{直角三角形}.例⑸{高一(3)班全体男同学}.例⑹{-6,6}.例⑺{-2,-1,0,1,2}.例⑻{中国足球男队的队员}.例⑼{参加2008年奥运会的中国代表团成员}.例⑽{参与中国加入WTO谈判的中方成员}.2、集合元素的三个特征 问题及解释

⑴A={1,3}问3,5哪个是A的元素? ⑵A={所有素质好的人}能否表示为集合? ⑶A={2,2,4}表示是否准确?

⑷A={太平洋,大西洋},B={大西洋,太平洋}是否表示为同一集合? 教师指导

例⑴3是集合A的元素,5不是集合A的元素.例⑵由于素质好的人标准不可量化,故A不能表示为集合.例⑶的表示不准确,应表示为A={2,4}.例⑷的A与B表示同一集合,因其元素相同.由此可知,集合元素具有以下三个特征: ⑴确定性

集合中的元素必须是确定的,也就是说,对于一个给定的集合,其元素的意义是明确的.⑵互异性

集合中的元素必须是互异的,也就是说,对于一个给定的集合,它的任何两个元素都是不同的.⑶无序性

集合中的元素是无先后顺序,也就是说,对于一个给定集合,它的任何两个元素都是可以交换的.如上例⑴

元素与集合的关系有“属于∈”及“不属于∈”(∈也可表示为∈)两种.如A={2,4,8,16} 4∈A 8∈A 32∈A.请同学们考虑:A={2,4},B={{1,2},{2,3},{2,4},{3,5}}.A与B的关系如何? 虽然A本身是一个集合.但相对B来讲,A是B的一个元素.故A∈B.3、常见数集的专用符号

N:非负整数集(或自然数集)(全体非负整数的集合)N*或N+:正整数集(非负整数集N内排除0的集合)Z:整数集(全体整数的集合)Q:有理数集(全体有理数的集合)R:实数集(全体实数的集合)请同学们熟记上述符号及其意义.Ⅲ 课堂练习:课本P5

1、(口答)说出下面集合中的元素.⑴{大于3小于11的偶数} 其元素为4,6,8,10 ⑵{平方等于1的数} 其元素为-1,1 ⑶{15的正约数} 其元素为1,3,5,15

2、用符号∈或∈填空

1∈N 0∈N-3∈N 0.5∈N 2∈N 1∈Z 0∈Z-3∈Z 0.5∈Z 2∈Z 1∈Q 0∈Q-3∈Q 0.5∈Q 2∈Q 1∈R 0∈R-3∈R 0.5∈R 2∈R Ⅳ 课时小结:

1、集合的概念中,“某些指定的对象”,可以是任意的具体确定的事物,例如数、式、点、形、物等.2、集合元素的三个特征:确定性、互异性、无序性,要熟练运用之.Ⅴ 课后作业:

一、课本P7习题1.1 1

二、预习内容:

1、课本P5~P6

2、预习提纲

⑴集合的表示方法有几种?怎样表示?

6.必修一教案 篇六

必修一教案

Unit 1 friendship 1.Teaching aims and demands 类别 课程标准要求掌握的项目 话题 Friends and friendship; interpersonal relationships 词汇 Add point upset ignore calm concern loose cheat reason list share feeling Netherlands German outdoors crazy nature purpose dare thunder entirely power according trust indoors suffer teenager advice questionnaire quiz situation editor communicate habit add up calm down have got to be concerned about walk the dog go through hide away set down a series of on purpose in order to face to face according to get along with fall in love join in 功能 1. 态度(attitudes) Are you afraid that---? I’ve grown so crazy about--- I didn’t dare--- 2. 同意和不同意(agreement and disagreement) I agree. I think so. Exactly. I don’t agree. I don’t think so. I’m afraid not. 3.肯定程度(certainty) That’s correct. Of course not. 语法 直接引语和间接引语(1): 陈述句和疑问句 1. 陈述句 “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.” Said Anne. -----Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary. 2. 一般疑问句 He asked, “Are you leaving tonight?” ---He asked us whether we were leaving that night. 3. 特殊疑问句 “When did you go to bed last night?” father said to Anne. --- Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before. 2. Suggested teaching notes 1). Analyses of the teaching contents This unit is about friendship, and nearly all the teaching materials center on it. Warming up---The questionnaire leads students to think and talk about friendship, get to know the problems between friends and seek solutions, which makes preparations for the further teaching in topics, background and vocabulary. Pre-reading---The questions prompt students to think critically about friends and friendship in reality, alerting them to the fact that besides people, a diary can be a friend, too. Reading--- The diary by theJewish girl Anne gave a glimpse of her life during her family’s shelter in Amsterdam from the German Nazis’ killing in world war 2. she treats the diary as her best friend, and in it reveals her longing for a normal life and close contact with nature, which helps her get through the days. Comprehending---It helps students further understand the text by doing multiple choices, questions and answers, and matching. Learning about language---It teaches the important expressions and structures and grammar: direct and indirect speeches. Using language---The two letters, listening, questionnaire design, letter writing and fun writing prepares students to further talk about friendship, especially the problems with misunderstanding, and unfriendliness, thus strengthening students’ abilities to practice language, discover, and solve problems. Summing up---It summarizes the whole contents of this unit from the aspects of topics, vocabulary and grammar. Learning tip--- This part encourages students to form the habit of writing a diary. Integrating skills--- The text introduces the way Hawaiians express friendship, to get students to realize the cultural differences in the values of friendship in addition its importance in all cultures. 2) Making of the teaching plan This unit centers on friends and friendship, exploring different types of friendship with particular attention to that one can develop with oneself, i.e., the comfort and support one seeks from an imaginary friend. Students are expected to come to be truly aware of the qualities and conducts that make a good friend, display and develop the ability to cope with misunderstanding, conflicts and problems related to friendship, and give advice on it. The concept that even an ordinary thing can be a friend should break down the traditional belief in the interpersonal nature of friendship. Also, the comparison of similarities dissimilarities in friendship comprehension between the East and the West leads students to know better the values of friendship in Westerns’ eyes. All in all, this unit promises to unveil the true essence of friendship and helps students to lead a more friendly and harmonious life. Thus, based on the theme, contents and teaching objectives, the whole teaching procedures can fall into five periods as follows: Period 1 Warming up and speaking Period 2 Reading Period 3 Grammar Period 4 Integrating skills (WB) Period 5 Using language 3. Teaching plans for each period Period 1 Warming-up and Speaking 1. Teaching objectives: 1) Target language I (don’t) think…… I (don’t) think so. I (don’t) agree. I believe…… That’s correct. In my opinion, …… 2) Ability goals a. Describe your friends in English b. Figure out the problems between friends and then find different ways to solve the problems. 3) Learning ability goals a. To encourage students to think and talk about friends and friendship by using some phrases and structures. b. To learn to solve problems that may occur between friends. c. To cultivate the students to form the good habit of learning English in Senior Middle School. 2. Teaching important points: a. Use the given adjectives and sentence structures to describe one of your friends. b. Learn to evaluate friends and friendship. 3. Teaching difficult points: a. Work together with partners and describe one of your good friends. b. Discuss with partners and find out ways to solve the problems. 4. Teaching methods a. Task-based teaching and learning b. Cooperative learning c. Discussion 5. Teaching aids: CAI 6. Teaching procedures and ways: Step 1 Lead-in and Warming-up Before the lesson, the teacher can arouse the students’ interests by showing a video of Auld Lang Syne . At the beginning of the first class, we can get the students to talk about their summer holidays. The students can talk freely as they like. 1. How did you spend your summer holidays? How did you feel? What did you do in your summer holidays? What did you do in your spare time? 2. What do you think of our new school? Do you like it? Could you say something about it? 3. Do you like making friends? How do get in touch with your friends? Do you have many friends? Where are they now? Do you have any old friends in our school? Have you made any new friends in our class? Step 2 Think it over 1. Give a brief description of one of your friends. The following phrases and structures may be helpful: His/Her name is …… He /She is …… years old. He /She likes …… and dislikes …… He /She enjoys …… and hates…… He /She is very kind/friendly/…… When /Where we got to know each other. 2. What types of friendship do you have? Please tick them out. Then fill in the blanks. girl friends boy friends pen friends long -distance friends friends of the same age e-friends (friends over the internet) friends across generations unusual friends like animals, books…… 1).______ is /are most important to you. 2). You spend most of your free time with ____. 3). You will share your secrets with _____. 4). When in trouble, you will first turn to _____. Step 3 Make a survey 1. List some qualities of a good friend or your ideal friend. Have the students get into groups of four to find out what each has listed. Tell your partner your standards of good friends by using the following structure: I think a good friend should (not) be…… In my opinion, a good friend is someone who…… 1. Have a member of each group report on what their lists have in common and list them on the board. 2. Ask the class whether or not they agree with all the qualities listed. 3. Then have the students

7.高中语文必修一教案 篇七

本单元训练的重点是“分析评价,借鉴吸收”方面的能力。分析评价就是对文章语言、风格、构思、作者观点及艺术技巧等进行分析、比较、认识优劣。分析评价的目的是借鉴吸收。根据每篇课文的实际情况,可集中分析某一、两个方面,目的要明确。

二.能力要求与学习方法:

鉴赏能力是阅读能力的重要组成部分。阅读包含理解和鉴赏这两个层次。理解,就是前面所讲的要读懂文章的词义、句意、段意,乃至整篇文章的意思。鉴赏,指鉴别和哲学文章的语文、写作方法、布局谋篇的表现力量,鉴别和哲学文章的思想感情、主题的社会意义,并能对之作出恰当的评价。即体现它写得怎样、内容和形式是完美统一,如何达到这种统一的,品味作品的艺术魅力。鉴赏和评价文章,可注意以下几方面的内容。

1.联系写作背景和作者的情况进行鉴赏

文章是现实生活在作家头脑中反映的产物。不同的时代作品具有不同的特色,同一时代的作品,由于作家风格、思想的不同也具有不同的情调,即使是同一乳可以由于社会生活的变动、个情感的变化,写出不同情调的作品。

2.立足整体,鉴赏局部。

文章是由各个局部构成的,而各个局部又都是为整篇文章服务的,不能脱离局部而鉴赏文章,也不能脱离整体,鉴赏局部。

3.遵循文道统一原则,鉴赏表达技巧。

任何文章,都是内容和形式的统一体。内容决定形式,形式反映内容。鉴赏文章,不能割裂它的思想内容来鉴赏表现形式,要通过鉴赏艺术形式来体会思想威武不屈。刘勰曾说过,“缀文者,情动而辞发;观文者,披文以入情”,足见内容和形式在鉴赏时的重要关系。鉴赏表达技巧主要包括以下几方面内容:

(1)鉴赏文章词句的表现力。语言是文章的外壳,作家根据表达的需要进行遣词造句。因而培养从关系词句鉴赏入手,来体会文章的魅力的能力十分重要。

(2)鉴赏文章修辞的表现力。

(3)鉴赏文章的写作方法的表现力。

(4)鉴赏文章的布局谋篇。

8.高一英语必修一教案 篇八

1. 能力目标:

① Listening: gain useful information and clear views from the listening material;

② Speaking: express one’s attitude or views about friends and friendship in appropriate words.

③ Reading: let Ss summarize the main idea

④ Writing: write a letter about how to make friends

2. 知识目标:

① Talk about friends and friendship; how to BE friends; how to gain friendship

② Use the following expression:

so do I / neither do I

I think it is a good idea

All right

Yes,but…

③ to get the Ss to master direct speech and indirect speech

④ vocabulary and phrases: upset, calm, concern, careless, loose, cheat, list, share, German, series, outdoors, crazy, purpose, thunder, entirely, power, trust, suffer, teenager, advice, quiz, editor, communicate, situation, add up, calm down, have got to, be concerned about, walk the dog, go through, hide away, set down, a series of, on purpose, so as to, face to face, according to, get along with, fall in love with, join in, be upset about, for once

3. 情感目标:

① To arise Ss’ interest in learning English;

② To encourage Ss to take part in the activities and make Ss confident;

③ To develop the ability to cooperate and communicate with others.

4. 策略目标:

① To develop Ss’ cognitive strategy: making notes when listening carefully;

② To develop and improve Ss’ communicative strategies.

5. 文化目标:

To enable the Ss to come to know different opinions about making friends from different countries.

6. 现实目标

① To make Ss respect each other and friendship

② To make them get well with one another in society

Teaching steps:

Period one

Step 1. warming up

1. Ss listen to an English song AULD LANG SYNE.

2. Brainstorming: let Ss say some words about friendship:careful, warm-hearted, honest, friendly, brave, humorous, funny, smart, kind, open-minded, responsible….

3. To let Ss make a correct choice about their questions that they meet in warming up.

Step 2. practice speaking

1. Ss talk about their old friends in Junior Middle School, talk about their appearance, personality, hobbies, etc.

2. Self-introduction or work in pairs

3. Ss can ask some questions about life or learning

Step 3. Make new friends

1. Ss go around and ask their new friends some information and fill in the following form name age/hobbies/favorite sports, books …

2. Report to the class: who will probably be your friend why.

Step 4. Do a survey

Ss do the survey in the text on P1

Step 5. Listening and talking

Do Workbook on P41 (Talking). While Ss listen to the material, ask them to take notes about the speaker’s views of making friends.

When Ss make their conversation, ask them to try to use the following expressions.

I am afraid not exactly I agree I think that is a good idea of course not

Step 6. Discussion

Divide Ss four in one group and each group choose a topic to discuss. There are four topics.

Topic 1: Why do you need friends? Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you.

Topic 2: There is a saying “to have a good friend, you need to be a good friend.” What do you think of the saying and how can you be a good friend?

Topic 3: Does a friend always have to be a person? What else can be your friend? Why?

Topic 4: List some qualities of a person who does not make friend easily.

Step 7. Summary

1. Ask Ss themselves to summarize what is friendship and what is the most important in making friends.

2. T shows more information about friendship and a poem about friendship.

What is friendship?

I want to find the answer to the question

What is friendship?

When it rains, I think friendship is a small umbrella.

It can give me a piece of clear sky.

When I’m crying, I think friendship is a white handkerchief.

It can wipe my tears dry.

When I am sad, I think friendship is a warm word.

It can bring me happiness again.

When I am in trouble, I think friendship is a strong hand.

It can help me escape my troubles.

When I sit in a quiet place, I think friendship is a very wonderful feeling.

It can’t be pulled and torn, because it is in everyone’s heart.

It is there from the beginning to the end of our lives.

3. Tell Ss: make new friends and keep the old; one is silver and the other is gold.

Step 8. Evaluation

Ss finish the following evaluation form. Standard: A, B, C

Contents 自评 他评

1. I’m active in talking with others.

2. I’m active in cooperating with others.

3. I can express myself fluently, accurately and appropriately.

4. I know more about friendship after the lesson…

5. Do you think you need to improve yourself in some ways? Which ways?

Homework:

1. Look up the new words and expressions in warm-up and pre-reading in a dictionary.

2. Write a short passage about your best friend.

Period two

Step 1. Warming up

Activity 1: Suppose you have to stay indoors to hide yourself for a whole year. You can never go outdoors, otherwise you will be killed. You have no telephone, computer, or TV at home.

How would you feel?

What would you do?

Four students a group discuss with each other for 2 minutes.

Activity 2: Play a short part of the movies

Step 2. Predicting

Students read the title of the passage and observe the pictures and the outline of it to guess:

Who is Anne’s best friend?

What will happen in the passage?

Step 3. Skimming

Students skim the passage in 2 minutes to get the main idea:

Who is Anne’s best friend?

When did the story happen?

Step 4. Scanning

Students work in pairs to find the information required below:

Anne in World War Ⅱ

Step 5. Intensive reading

Students work in groups of four to discuss the following open questions:

1. Why did the windows stay closed?

2. How did Anne feel?

3. What do you think of Anne?

4. Guess the meanings of “spellbound”, “ hold me entirely in their power” from the discourse(语篇,上下文).

5. Which sentences attract you in the passage?

Step 6. Activity

Four students a group to discuss the situation:

Suppose you four have to hide yourselves for 3 months. During the three months, you will be offered the basic food, water and clothes. Your group can take 5 things with you.

What will you take? Why?

How will you spend the 3 months?

How will you treat each other and make friends?

Step 7. Assignment

Task 1. Surf the internet to find Anne’s Diary and read some of it. Print out a piece of the diary and write down your feelings after reading it on the page. We will share the pieces and your feelings with the whole class.

Task 2.Ex 2.3 on Page3

Period three

Step 1. Warming up

Check the Ss’ assignment: task 2

Step 2. Language points:

1. add (v.)

1). To put together with something else so as to increase the number, size, importance, etc.增加,添加

Please add something to what I’ve said, John.

2). To join numbers, amount, etc so as to find the total 相加

Add up these figures for me, please.

add to something: to increase 增加

The bad whether added to our difficulties

add up to总计、加起来共是

Having a big breakfast adds up to 112

add…to…把…加到…

Please add the names to your list

2. Cheat v.

1). To act in a dishonest way in order to win 欺骗;作弊

2). (of, out of) to take from (someone) in a dishonest way 骗取

The boss has cheated out of his money

1). an act of cheating 作弊行为

2). one who cheats 骗子

3. Go through

1).To examine carefully 仔细阅读或研究

I went through the students’ papers last night.

2).To experience 经历,遭受

They went through the terrible earthquake at night

4. Crazy (adj.)

1). mad, foolish 疯狂的,愚蠢的`

It’s crazy to go out in such hot weather.

2). wildly excited; very interested 狂热的,着迷的

She is crazy about music

5. Lonely (adj.) unhappy because of being alone or without friends 孤独的,寂寞的

He has been very lonely since his wife left him.

Lonely/alone

alone

1). without or separated from others单独的

She lives alone.

2). only 仅仅,只有。用于名词或代词之后。

The gloves alone cost $ 80.

Leave/let sb. or sth. alone: not take, touch or interfere with sb or sth 不带走,不触摸,不干涉某人或某事

Leave that alone. It’s mine.

She has asked to be left alone.

6. be concerned about/for: be worried about 担心

We’re all concerned about her safety

Concern oneself in something 从事或参与某事

He concerned himself in the case

Be concerned with… 与…有关

The car accident was concerned with my carelessness

7. upset:

1). Adj. worried; sad; angry; not calm 不安,心烦意乱, 生气

He is upset about the little things。

2). V. cause to worry, to be sad, to be angry, not to be calm 使不安,使生气

His cheating on the exam upset his mother

8.well n.井 adj. 身体好 adv. 好 Int. 噢,

George was well and truly drunk.

I couldn’t very well say no when there was no one else she could ask.

9. spellbind: to hold the complete attention of 吸引人,迷人,是入迷

The children watched spellbound as the magician took rabbits from his hat.

Step 3. Learning about language

1. Finish Ex.1, 2 and 3 on Page 4.

2. Direct speech and indirect speech: Ss do Ex.1 and 2 on Page 5. Then let the Ss themselves discover the structures.

Step 4. Practice

Using structures on Page 42: ask the Ss to use indirect speech to retell the story.

Step 5. Assignment

Finish Workbook. Ex, 1 and 2 on page 41 and 42.

Period four

Step 1. Revision

Check the Ss’ assignment.

Step 2. Reading

Ss read the letter on page 6 and tell each other how to help the student named Lisa

Notes:

1. get along with

2. fall in love with

Step 3. Listening

Ss should take notes while they are listening.

1 .first listening: Ss listen and answer the questions of part 2 on page 6.

2. second listening: Ss listen again and finish part 3 on page 6.

Step 4. Listening

Ss listen to a story about Anne and try to finish Workbook. Ex 1 and 2 on page 43 and page 44.

Step 5. Speaking

Ss work in groups of four, design a questionnaire to find out what kind of friends your classmates are. They can use the quiz in the warming up to help them.

Step 6. Assignment

1. Ss prepare the reading task on page 44.

2. Surf the internet and find some material about friendship in different countries.

Period five

Step 1. Warming up

Ss say something about making friends and how to maintain friendship.

Step 2. Listening

Ss listen to a short passage and fill in the blanks on page 41 (listening).

Step 3. Reading

1. first reading: Ss read the passage about friendship in Hawaii and finish Workbook.Ex1.on page 45.

2. second reading: Ss read again and discuss the questions on page 45.

3. Ss share their material about friendship in different countries in groups, and then choose some groups to show theirs in class.

Step 4. Discussion

What do you and your friends think is cool?

Ss look at the photos on page 46 and in groups of four talk about whether what they are doing is cool or not.

Ask Ss to use the following sentences while they talk:

I think that… is cool/ isn’t cool because ….

I think so.

I don’t think so.

I agree with you.

I don’t agree with you.

Step 5. Assignment

Ss collect some proverbs about friendship.

Period six

Step 1. Pre-writing

1. Read a letter from a student called Xiao dong.

2. Go over the advice on page 7 and be ready for writing.

Step 2. While-writing

Ask the Ss to write a letter to Xiao dong as an editor and give him some advice.

1. Ss make a list of the important information they can need

2. Ss begin to write the letter to Xiao dong.

3. Ss revise their letters by themselves.

4. Ss exchange their writing paper with their partners and correct the mistakes (tense, spelling, letters, structures….)

5. Ss get back their own writing paper and write the letter again.

Step 3. Post-writing

Choose some students’ writing paper and show in the class. Ask the Ss to correct the mistakes together and also learn from some good writings.

Step 4. Writing for fun

1. Ss read the passage on page 7 by themselves.

2. Ss try to write a few lines to describe their best friends or a person they know.

3. Show some Ss’ writings in class.

Step 5. Assignment

Do Workbook. writing task on page 46.

Period seven

Teachers can use this period freely.

Suggestion: Teachers can use this period to let Ss sum up what they have learned and explain what Ss couldn’t understand very well in this unit. Teachers can also add more practice in this period to consolidate what the Ss have learned. Finally, ask the Ss to finish checking yourself on page 47. It is very important to improve their learning interests and abilities。

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