状语从句翻译练习题

状语从句翻译练习题（精选8篇）

1.状语从句翻译练习题 篇一

考研英语翻译：状语从句翻译技巧

状语从句时考研翻译中很重要的一部分，几乎涉及到每一个长难句，所以我们有必要把状语从句单独拿出来解决。一般来讲状语从句的翻译相对简单，顺着句子的顺序去翻译就好了，但我们有时候还是会发现有些问题不是很好处理。

首先我们先看一下状语从句的特点。1.一般情况下，引导英语状语从句的从属连词，基本可以在汉语中找到相对应关联词，但有时不必翻译，因为引导汉语状语分句的关联词时常省略，有近50%的汉语复句中并不使用关联词语而且省略关联词的汉语句子更为精练。

2.英语状语从句的位置颇为灵活，置于主句之前或主句之后均可。汉语状语分句一般位于主句之前，只有偶尔才位于主句之后。

这是在翻译状语从句时总体来讲应该注意的问题，下面我们从状语从句的几个分支分别来看一下翻译。

(一)时间状语从句的翻译

1.译成与汉语完全对应的表示时间的状语

例：When they approached Trenton， lights were still burning in many of the houses and Christ mas parties were still going on.

当他们逼近屈兰敦时， 许多房子里仍然灯火通明，圣诞晚会还未结束。

由于英汉语言表达的习惯差异，通常汉语的状语从句位于句首，而英语的状语从句可前可后， 以后为多。汉语是一种意合的语言，汉语句子较少使用关联词。

2. 翻译成固定(常规)句型

一般像由 hardly (scarcely)…。 when (before)… no sooner… than… as soon as … the moment(the instant )… just as…等短语连词引导的时间状语从句翻译成汉语时， 主句与从句通常要互换， 常常译成包含“刚(一)……就……”这种结构的句子。同样，包含该结构的汉语句子亦应翻译成英语中相对应的固定句式。

例：计算机刚一启动，就发现有病毒。

Hardly had the computer started working when viruses were found.

As soon as she heard the news， she fainted.

3.译成并列分句

例：I was going home when I met Mary.

我正要回家， 就在这个时候，我碰到了玛丽。

4.转译为其他状语从句

英语状语从句有时它们的深层意义互相渗透，可以互相替换，需要转译。有些时间状语从句虽然形式上是由表示时间的.引导词(如

when， before， until 等)引导，但根据句子逻辑意义来判断，应灵活翻译成表因果关系的从句，或者翻译为表条件的状语从句或表目的的状语从句。

When winds blow particles against a large rock for a long time， the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away.

由于风把砂粒刮起来， 碰撞大岩石，久而久之，较松软的岩石层就被慢慢地磨损。(――表原因的偏句)

(二)原因状语从句的翻译

英语原因状语从句通常由从属连词 as， because， since 引导。所有的英语原因状语从句在汉语译文中通常位于句首，偶尔亦置于句末。汉语的原因状语从句翻译成英语时可位于译句句首，也可置于译句句末。

原因状语从句的翻译

1.译成表示原因的分句

例：It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are “programmed” to do so.

人们常说，电脑之所以能解决问题， 只是因为电脑给输入了解决问题的 “程序”。

2.译为不带关联词、因果关系内含的并列分句

As families move away from their stable community， their friends of many years， and their extended family relationships， the informal flow of information is cut off.

众多家庭搬出安定的社区，离开交往多年的朋友，远离大家庭的其他成员， 日常信息来源就此切断。

(三)条件状语从句的翻译

1.译成相对应的表条件的分句

If the epidemic cannot be controlled effec tively， the whole country will come into chaos.

如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制， 整个国家将会陷入一片混乱之中。

2.译成不含关联词、内含条件关系的句子

If you melt two or more metals together， you can get a new metal.

将两种以上的金属熔化在一起就可产生一种新金属。

3.译成补充说明情况的分句

Be respectful to your superiors， if you have any， also to strangers， and sometimes to others.

要尊重你的上司，如果你有上司的话。对待陌生人，有时还有别人，也要尊重。

4.译成特定的条件分句

They might be prepared to trim production―but only if they are convinced it will firm prices

它们可能准备削减产量――但条件是必须先使这些产油国确信， 石油价格将保持稳定。

(四)让步状语分句的翻译

1.译成表示 “让步”的分句

Although there are these cultural differences，the main engine propelling the separatist cause is economic.

尽管有文化差异，但是推动分裂主义进程的主要动力是经济因素。

2.译成表 “无条件”的条件分句

汉语里有一种复句，前一分句排除某一方面的一切条件，后一分句说出在任何条件下都会产生同样的结果，也就是说结果的产生没有什么条件限制。这样的复句里的前一分，称之为 “无条件”的条件分句，通常以whatever， wherever， whoever， whenever， no matter wh-为引导词， 通常翻译为以 “不论” “无论” “不管” 等关联词。

Yet whenever I stopped by his hospital bedside， he was surrounded by visitors from his church， singing and praying.

然而，无论我何时来到他的病床边，他总是被来自他奉职教堂的人所包围，他们又唱又祷告。

2.状语从句翻译练习题 篇二

1 转换成原因状语从句

英语的定语从句如果在意义上具有说明主句原因的含义, 在翻译时可以加上汉语表示原因关系的词语, 如“因为”、“由于”等词, 并转译成汉语相应的从句。例如:

He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.

因为他三岁就死了父亲, 所以记不起他父亲了。

We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.

我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线, 所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。

Wells, who had spent years studying science, used to consider the future of man in the light of scientific knowledge.

由于威尔斯花了多年时间研究科学, 因而他经常根据科学知识考虑人类的未来。

2 转换成结果状语从句

英语的定语从句如果在意义上具有说明主句结果的含义, 在翻译时可以加上汉语表示结果关系的词语, 如“因此”、“从而”、“所以”等词, 并转译成汉语相应的从句。例如:

Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance.

铜的阻力很小, 因此被十分广泛地用于输电。

There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.

这个方案富于创造性, 独出心裁, 很有魄力, 所以使他们都很喜欢。

Scientists have developed a second generation of the blood substitute that solves the problems of blood storage.

科学家们已经成功研究出了第二代血液代用品, 从而解决了血液的贮存问题。

3 转换成目的状语从句

英语的定语从句如果在意义上具有表明主句目的的含义, 在翻译时可以加上汉语表示目的关系的词语, 如“为了”、“以便”等词, 并转译成汉语相应的从句。例如:

Some nuclear reactors are used to produce the heat that runs machines for ships and for electric power plants.

有些核反应堆是用来产生热能的, 以开动轮船和发电厂的机器。

He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.

他想写一篇文章, 以便能引起公众对这件事的注意。

I have not given up my effort to get a passport, that will enable me to visit China.

我并没有放弃努力去争取一张护照, 以便访问中国。

4 转换成让步状语从句

英语的定语从句如果在意义上具有表明主句让步的含义, 在翻译时可以加上汉语表示让步关系的词语, 如“虽然”、“尽管”等词, 并转译成汉语相应的从句。例如:

Electronic computers, which have many advantages, can not carry out creative work and replace man.

电子计算机虽然有许多优点, 却不能进行创造性的工作, 代替不了人。

He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.

他坚持要再造一幢房子, 尽管他并无此需要。

Frictions, which is often considered as a trouble, is sometimes a help in the operation of machines.

虽然摩擦力常被认为是一种麻烦, 但有时却有助于机器的运转。

5 转换成“条件”、“假设”状语从句

英语的定语从句如果在意义上具有表明主句条件或假设的含义, 在翻译时可以加上汉语表示条件关系或假设关系的词语, 如“如果”、“只要”等词, 并转译成汉语相应的从句。例如:

Those who are in favour please hold up their hands

如果赞成, 就请举手。

Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.

人们极其迫切地要求工作, 不管什么工作, 只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。

Any parts of a plant which are found to have been discoloured or attacked by insects must not be used as medicinal herbs.

植物的任何部分, 只要发现已经变色或已受虫蛀, 就不得入药。

6 转换成时间状语从句

英语的定语从句如果在意义上具有表明主句时间的含义, 在翻译时可以加上汉语表示时间顺序关系的词语, 如“起初”、“一旦”等词, 并转译成汉语相应的从句。例如:

You, who are in the prime of your life, come forth with greater contributions for the benefit of the people!

趁你年富力强的时候, 为人民做出更多的贡献吧!

It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.

我原先打算元月份访华, 后来不得不推迟, 这使我深感不快。

Electrical energy that is supplied to the motor may be converted into mechanical energy of motion.

电能一旦供入电动机, 就转换成运动的机械能。

在以上例句中, 通过将起状语作用的定语从句先转换成相应的状语从句再进行翻译处理, 我们不难发现, 如果按常规的定语从句的翻译方法翻译以上定语从句, 译文会比较死板生硬, 翻译效果较差。在翻译具有状语职能的英语定语从句时, 首先应摆脱英语形式的束缚, 把握其各个部分含义的内在关系, 对定语从句的外在形式进行重组, 判断主、从句之间的逻辑关系, 然后再按照汉语的行文习惯, 将形式上的定语从句转换成适当的状语从句后再进行翻译。这样翻译可使译文流畅晓白, 逻辑严密, 取得令人满意的翻译效果。

摘要：英语定语从句主要采用“前置法”和“后置法”2种翻译方法。但是, 有些英语定语从句兼有状语从句的职能, 使用常规定语从句的翻译方法往往达不到理想的翻译效果。翻译这些定语从句时应先仔细分析主句和从句之间的逻辑关系, 再加上表示汉语偏正关系的各种关联词后译出。

关键词：状语职能,定语从句,翻译处理

参考文献

[1]张培基, 喻云根, 李宗杰, 等.英汉翻译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1983.

[2]王泉水.科技英语翻译技巧[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社, 1991.

3.中考状语从句考点聚焦跟踪练习 篇三

advice can help.

A. to， asking B. in，ask C. to，to ask D. in，asking

2. While Helen _____ along the river after supper， she

a wallet lying on the roadside.

A. was walking； was finding B. walked； found

C. walked； was finding D. was walking； found

3. —Do you know if ________ tomorrow morning？

—No. I will call you if she ________ back.

A. she will come； comes B. she comes； will come

C. will she come； comes D. will she come； will come

4. We’ll go to the park if it_____ rain tomorrow.

A. don’t B. doesn’t C. won’t

5. We are not sure if it tomorrow. If it ， our sports

meeting will be put off.

A. rains； rains B. rains； will rain

C. will rain； will rain D. will rain； rains

6. —I hope to make decisions by myself.

—OK. But remember you do， you should think

about the results.

A. whenever B. however C. whatever D. wherever

7. — If my uncle next weekend， we with him.

— Sounds great！

A. will come； will go skiing B. will come； goes skiing

C. comes； will go skiing D. comes； goes skiing

8. —I don’t know when ______ tomorrow.

—I will call you as soon as he ______.

A. will he come； arrives B. he will come；arrives

C. he will come；will arrive D. he comes；will arrive

9. He go to bed until he his homework.

A. will not； finishes B. not；finishes

C. will not； will finish D. not；will finish

10. I wonder when they for Beijing. I will go to the train

station to see them off when they ___.

A. leave， will leave B. will leave， leave

C. will go， leave D. go， leave

11. —What will you do if it _______ tomorrow？

—I will stay at home and watch the match on TV.

A. rain B.rains C.will rain D.is raining

12. If he_______ harder， he’ll catch up with us.

A. work B. works C. worked D. will work

13. —Mary， could you tell me if your mother our school

sports meeting tomorrow？

—I think she will come to school if she is free.

A. take part in B. takes part in C. will take part in

14. I’m sorry I’m very busy now. If I time， I come to

see you.

A. have， would B. had， will C. were， will D. have， will

15. James with the Greens the White Tower Park if it

tomorrow.

A. are going to； isn’t rainy B. are going to； doesn’t rain

C. is going to ； won’t rain D. is going to； isn’t rainy

16. If you to the Palace Museum next week， I will go

with you.

A. go B. will go C. went D. goes

17. —Do you know when ____？ I miss him very much.

—Don’t worry. I will tell you as soon as ____.

A. will he come； he comes B. he will come； he comes

C. he comes； he will come D. he will come； he will come

18. —How’s the weather tomorrow？

—I don’t know if it ____ tomorrow.

—Well， if it ____， I won’t go out with you.

A. will rain； will rain B. rains； rains

C. rains； will rain D. will rain； rains

19. I’ll go there if it tomorrow.

A.not rain B.not rains C.doesn’t rain

20. —Will you come to the dinner party？

— I won’t come unless Jenny____.

A. will be invited B. can be invited

C. invited D. is invited

4.考研英语翻译 状语从句指导 篇四

Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is increasing.(完型)

[结构分析]

这个句 子的 结构比 较清晰 ，这是 一个 复合句 。

analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is increasing是主句，翻译为分析家们对另外一个问题的意见却是一致的：无家可归者的人数正在增长 。

5.状语从句教案 篇五

定义：在复合句中作状语的从句

（2）as “一边一边”“随着”引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生 I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.He sang as he walked.（3）While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比.He is tall while his brother is short 注意：如果同时出现，用when 位置：状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。

分类：按意义可分为时间、条件、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步.方式、比较等状语从句。一 时间状语从句(主将从现)before用法（1）在…之前(2)“就”、“才”

1.基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as

it is/will be +一段时间+before+句子“还要多久才，多久之后才/就”

2.名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）：the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant, till和until用法

(一…就…);every time, each time, the last time, the first time, by the time，（1）都可以用于肯定句，译为“直到。才”

3.副词类（由副词充当引导词）：immediately, directly, instantly,(一...就...)soon after, shortly after

4.句型类no sooner…than…, hardly… when…, scarcely…when/before.(一…就…)

用法:（1）中间用过去完成时，后面用一般过去式。

（2.）no sooner/hardly/scarcely放在句首时,过去完成时句子部分倒装，后面不倒装。No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.（必背）

1、连接词when、while、as ⑴when①“正当…时候”，即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。

可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如： When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同时）When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（从句动作在前）When 的四个短语 be about to do sth when … 正要做。。这时

be doing sth when …正在做。。这时

be on the point of doing sth when …正要做。。这时

just …when …正。。这时

(2)否定句不用till，用until，短语“not …until..”直到。才。（3）放在句首表示强调时一般用until不用till

eg Until he returns,nothing can be done

（4）倒装句：not until 放句首，后面第二个句子部分倒装。

（5）强调句：结构 it is not until +被强调部分+that + 其他since 用法

since结构 现在完成时+since+过去时 since强调句 it is +一段时间+since +过去时

二 条件状语从句（主将从现）

引导词: if（如果）, unless=if…not（除非,如果不）, as long as =so long as（只要), in case(that)(以防,万一), on condition that(只要，条件是), if only(要是...多好), only if(只要), supposing/ suppose(假设，如果)provided that /providing(如果)，assuming that（假设）seeing that（考虑到，鉴于）,considering that（考虑到）, given that（假设）

三 地点状语从句

常用引导词：where，wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.eg It is such an interesting book that she has read it twice.注意：1不可数名词一定与such连用 2可数名词复数一定与such连用 3 little译为“少的”与so 连用，译为“小的”通常与such 连用。

七 让步状语从句（主将从现）

引导词：though, although, as(尽管，虽然), even if, even though（即使）, while（然

四 原因状语从句

而，尽管，一般用在句首）wh-ever, no matter wh-, whether…or…(不管。还是。。)常用引导词：because（因为）, since（既然）, as（由于）, now that（既然），注意：1.although,though.不与but连用，可与still，yet连用

in that（因为）,.2.as/though引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。

because, since，as的区别：

结构：n.(无冠词)/adj./adv./v +as/though +主语＋谓语(时态)

eg：Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages.五 目的状语从句

Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）

引导词：so that（以便于）, in order that（以便于，为了），lest（以防）, in case3、no matter wh-…只用于让步状语从句，wh+ever用于让步状语从句和名词性从句,同（以防，万一）, for fear that（以防，担心，害怕），in the hope that（希望能）, for the

时出现用wh+ever

purpose that（为了）, to the end that（为了）

八 比较状语从句

六 结果状语从句

常用引导词：as(同级比较):as…as..(和…一样)not as/so as(不如…)

引导连词有so that（以便于）, so….that, such….that…(如此。。以至于…)

than(不同程度的比较)1.so…that… 与such…that… 的区别 so +adj./adv.+that so +adj.+a/an +可数名词单数+ that so +many/much/few/little+名词+that eg ：It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice such +a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that such +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that such +a lot of/lots of +可数名词复数/不可数名词+that

特殊引导词：the 比较级。。，the +比较级…;（越…,越…）

越来越…（比较级and 比较级，more and more +多音节adj/adv）

just as …(正如)，A is to B what /as C is to D（A对于B就像C对于D）;

no … more than（不如。。）

九 方式状语从句

引导词: as(象….一样,正如),as if/as though(好像,似乎)

6.状语从句复习 篇六

--- 基本概念、难点和易错点

5. 目的状语从句

连接词：

in order that; so that; that; in case (以免); for fear that (唯恐);…

例句：

*Let’s hurry so that / in order that / that we can catch the early bus.

(so that = in order that, that 是so that 的省略形式)

* We all seemed afraid to say what was in our minds, for fear that it might start trouble.

(显然, for fear that 与上句中的关联词含义正好相反,表达“担心”或“不愿发生”的结果。)

* Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

(in case 意为 “以防万一”)

练习：

1. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some _____.

2. He is working hard ______ he should fall behind.

3. We sent the letter by air mail _______ it might reach them in good time.

6. 结果状语从句

连接词：

so… that; such… that; so that; that; so;…

例句：

* We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.

* He was so excited that he could hardly go to sleep.

* He didn’t plan the time well, so that (so) he didn’t finish the work on time.

* What has happened that you all look so excited?

( so that 既可引导目的状语从句又可引导结果状语从句, 一般讲,表目的状语从句中有may, might, can, could 出现, 如: We sent the letter by air mail so that it might reach them in good time. 另外, 表结果时, 还可用 that或so, 它们相当于 so that.)

练习：

1. He got up late _____ he missed the early bus.

2. This is ______ a good film _____ everybody wants to see it.

7. 让步状语从句

连接词：

though (although); 虽然

even if (even though); 即使;即便

no matter(who/ what/ where/ …); 无论谁 (什么, 哪 …)

( = whoever; whatever, wherever, …)

例句：

* Although/ though I tried several times, I failed in the end.

* Even if he comes here, he won’t help us.

* However much I tried, I failed to work it out.

* No matter where he goes, he is always ready to help others.

练习：

1. We’ll try to finish the work in time ____ we are short of manpower.

2. You mustn’t be conceited (骄傲)______ you’ve achieved great success.

3. Do what you think is right ______ difficulties you may have.

练习答案:

目的状语从句

1. in case 2. for fear that 3. so that / that / in order that

结果状语从句

1. so that / so / that 2. such … that

让步状语从句

1. though; although / even if; even though

( though; although 表示我们缺人手; 虽然缺, 也要尽力完成工作. ; even if; even though 则表示我们不一定缺人手, 即便缺,也要…)

2. though; although / even if; even though (区别同上)

7.状语从句重点、难点和热点解析 篇七

【专题导航】

状语从句是指在主从复合句中用作状语的从句, 状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、条件、结果、方式、让步和比较状语从句。状语从句是每年高考的常考考点。在高考中状语从句的考查热点有:时间、条件、地点和让步状语从句等。高考对状语从句的考查主要体现在从属连词的选择、状语从句与其它从句的辨析以及时态的正确使用上。弄清从属连词的意思, 根据语境选用合适的连词, 注意主从句时态的呼应是解题的关键。试题设问呈交叉和综合特点, 选项设计常常从定语从句和名词性从句的角度进行干扰。解题时考生要保持清醒的头脑, 要正确把握两个分句的“逻辑关系链”。

重点一:时间状语从句

1. when, while和as引导的时间状语从句

三者都可引导时间状语从句。when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可用延续性动词, 也可用非延续性动词。而while引导的时间状语谓语只能用延续性动词。as引导的时间状语从句强调主句和从句的动作都在发展变化, 强调动作同时发生, 不指先后, 常译为“随着……”。when还可用作并列连词, 表示“这时”之意。while还可用来表示对比、对照。如:

(1) It happened to be raining when we got to Beijing.我们到达北京时, 天恰好正在下雨。

(2) Don't talk too much while you are eating.吃东西时, 别说太多的话。

(3) As the children were walking along the street, they sang happily.孩子们一边沿着街道走着, 一边愉快地唱着歌儿。

2.until和before引导的时间状语从句

两者都引导时间状语从句。before强调主句动词与从句之间的先后关系。before在引导时间状语从句时, 一般不用否定式谓语, 表示“……之前;不到……就……;还来不及……就;……才……”。用在“It will be+一段时间+before”结构中, 意为“多久之后才……”。如:

until表示动作的阶段性, 主句是肯定式而且动词为非延续性动词时, 不能用until。notuntil表示“直到……才”, 此时可用非延续性动词。如:

(1) He had left before I could have a word with him.我还来不及跟他说话, 他就离开了。

(2) It will be five years before we meet again.要五年后咱们才能再相见。

(3) He worked until it was midnight.他工作到半夜。

(4) He didn't join the army until he was 20years old.他直到20岁才参军。

3.since引导的时间状语从句

在since引导的从句里, 谓语动词是非持续性动词的过去式, 从该动作发生时算起;如果是持续动词的过去式, 就从该动作结束时算起。如:

(1) He has worked hard since he entered this school.自从进校以来, 他就一直发奋学习。 (entered是非持续性词, 就从entered动作发生时算起。)

(2) We haven't seen each other since I workedin this factory.从我不在这个工厂工作以来, 我就一直没有见过他。 (worked是持续性动词, 就从worked动作结束时算起。)

(3) It's two years since he joined the army.他参军已经两年了。 (joined是非持续性动词)

(4) It's two years since he smoked.他戒烟已经两年了。 (smoke是持续性动词)

4.表示“一……就……”的时间状语从句

as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the minute, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen等可引导时间状语从句, 表示“一……就……”。其中当no sooner和hardly/scarcely置于句首时, 主句的谓语动词用倒装句结构。no soonerthan和hardlywhen引导的时间状语从句中, 主句的谓语动词用过去完成时, 从句用一般过去时。如:

(1) The moment I got off the train, I saw my father.我一下火车, 就看到了我的父亲。

(2) Every time he comes here, he asks me for money.每次来, 他都向我要钱。

(3) I had hardly got home when the phone rang.

=Hardly had I got home when the phone rang.我一到家电话就响了。

【典例1】You must learn to consult your feel-ings and your reason______ you reach any decision. (2013年湖南卷)

A.although B.before

C.because D.unless

【解析】B。考查状语从句。before在此意为“在……之前”, 引导一个时间状语从句。句意:在你做任何决定之前, 首先你必须要顾及感觉, 同时要梳理理由。

【典例2】How many years is it______ Professor Smith came to China?

A.when B.after

C.since D.before

【解析】C。考查状语从句。since引导一个时间状语从句。“It is+一段时间+since”是个常见的时间状语从句句型, 状语从句的谓语动词通常用一般过去时, 而主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时态。句意:Smith教授来到中国已有多少年了?

重点二:条件状语从句

常用if和unless引导条件状语从句, 其中unless引导条件状语从句时, 从句谓语动词只能用肯定式, 相当于ifnot。as/so long as (只要) , in case (如果) 等也可引导条件状语从句。如:

1.Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully.如果小船不细心掌控的话, 在水中很容易翻船。

2.I'll go there tomorrow unless it rains.=I'll go there tomorrow if it doesn't rain.除非下雨, 否则我明天去那里。

3.Take your umbrella with you, in case it should rain.请带上伞, 以防下雨。

4.I will lend my car to you as long as you return it on time.只要你按时归还, 我就把汽车借给你。

【典例1】She says that she'll have to close the shop______business improves. (2013年江西卷)

A.if B.unless

C.after D.when

【解析】B。考查状语从句。unless意为“如果不, 除非”, 引导一个条件状语从句。句意:她说如果生意没有起色的话, 她就会把商店关掉。

【典例2】______you drive as fast as this all the time, you'll wear out the brakes very soon.

A.Though B.Because

C.If D.Unless

【解析】C。考查状语从句。前面是一个条件状语从句, 故答案为C。句意:如果你一直像这样开快车的话, 你的刹车很快就会用坏。

重点三:地点状语从句

where引导的地点状语从句, 常译为“在……地方”, 可放在句首或句末。如:

1. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者, 事竟成。

2.We should go where we are most needed.我们应该到最需要的地方去。

3.The factory is built where two rivers come together.工厂建于两条河交汇的地方。

4.He advised me to live where the air is fresher.他建议我住在空气比较新鲜的地方。

【典例1】I can't hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise______I am sitting. (2013年上海卷)

A.before B.until

C.unless D.where

【解析】D。考查状语从句。where在此引导一个地点状语从句, 意为“在……地方”。句意:我听不清楚教授的讲话, 因为在我坐的地方实在是太吵了。

【典例2】Wind power is becoming more andmore popular.Wind turbines are often placed ______there is a lot wind.

A.when B.while

C.where D.if

【解析】C。考查状语从语。where引导一个地点状语从句。句意:风能越来越受到欢迎。风能机组通常安放在风很多的地方。

难点一:状语从句的省略

在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中, 常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词, 保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如:

1.Though tired of doing the job, he had to work hard.尽管厌烦这种工作, 他还是不得不努力工作。 (though后省去了he was)

2.When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences withoutnoticing the many similarities.当我们比较不同文化时, 我们经常注意文化的差异, 而没有注意文化的很多相同之处。 (when后省去了wewere)

3.While in Beijing, I often called on my beloved teacher.在北京期间, 我拜访了我敬爱的老师。 (while后省去了I was)

4.When a young boy, he led a hard life.还是小孩时, 他过着艰难的日子。 (when后省去了he was)

注意:

如果从句中是it is+形容词时, 也可以省略it is。如:

1. If necessary, you can turn to him for help.如果有必要, 你可以向他求助。 (If后省去了it is)

2.Unless important, you can pay little attention to it.如果不很重要, 你可以不予理睬。 (Unless后省去了it is)

【典例1】If______to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. (2013年江西卷)

A.asked B.to ask

C.asking D.having asked

【解析】A。考查状语从句的省略。主句是祈使句, 默认的主语为you, ask和主语you之间存在动宾关系, 故用过去分词形式。句意:如果有人要求你为别人照看行李, 马上通知警察。

【典例2】When______prices of thegoods, one has to take into consideration the quality of the goods.

A.compared B.comparing

C.to compare D.being compared

【解析】B。考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。逻辑主语one和动词compare间存在主谓关系, 故用现在分词作时间状语。受思维定势的影响易误选A项。弄清逻辑主语和动词之间的关系是解题的关键。句意:当一个人比较商品的价格时, 一定要考虑商品质量这个因素。

难点二:特殊结构的状语从句

主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语从句, 如no matter+疑问词, as引导的让步状语从句, the morethe more构成的比较状语从句等。如:

1.The more you listen to English, the better you will become at English.你听英语听得越多, 你的英语就越好。

2.No matter what happens, stay calm.不管发生了什么事, 要保持镇静。

3.However well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.不管你准备得多么充分, 爬山很大程度上仍然需要碰运气。

4.Young as he is, he has a good knowledge of the computer.虽然他年轻, 但他精通电脑。

【典例1】One can always manage to do morethings, no matter______ full one's schedule is in life. (2013年辽宁卷)

A.how B.what

C.when D.where

【解析】A。考查状语从句。空后面的full是形容词, 所以用how修饰。no matter how引导一个让步状语从句。句意:一个人不论他生活中的日程多么满, 他总是能够设法做更多的事情。

【典例2】______, he set aside a few hours a week for exercise.

A.As busy he is B.Is as he busy

C.Busy as he is D.He is as busy

【解析】C。考查状语从句。as引导的让步状语从句通常把表语提到句首。句意:尽管他很忙, 但他每周抽出几个小时进行锻炼。

难点三:状语从句的时态

主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句, 用一般现在时表将来, 一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。如:

1.When the meeting is over, he will come to see you.当会议结束时, 他会来看你。

2.If it is fine tomorrow, we will go shopping in the downtown.如果明天天气好的话, 我们会到商业区购物。

3.No matter whether it rains or not tomorrow, I will see the concert.不管明天是否下雨, 我都会去看这场音乐会。

4.He said he would go to Japan for holiday when he finished writing the book.他说他写完这本书就会去日本度假。

【典例1】If we______now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it. (2013年新课标全国卷I)

A.hadn't acted B.haven't acted

C.don't act D.won't act

【解析】C。考查条件状语中的时态。在if引导的条件状语从句中, 需要用一般现在时表将来。句意:如果我们不从现在起行动起来, 我们将会有后悔的一天。

【典例2】Please remember to send a shortmessage to me when you______ at the university safely.

A.arrived B.will arrive

C.had arrived D.arrive

【解析】D。考查时态。when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时, 即我们常说的“主将从现”。句意:当你平安到达大学的时候, 请记得一定给我发短信。

难点四:状语从句与其它从句的区别

1. where引导的状语从句和where引导的定语从句、宾语从句等的区别。

(1) where引导状语从句时, 意思接近in/at the place where (可译为“在……的地方”) , 表示谓语动作发生的地点或修饰整个句子;主句谓语动词通常为不及物动词, 或谓语动词已有宾语。

(2) where引导限制性定语从句时, 前面常有表示地点的名词作先行词。where用来修饰这个地点名词并对该名词进行限定。

(3) where引导宾语从句时, 主句谓语动词通常为及物动词, where引导的从句作动词的宾语。where也可作介词后面的宾语。

试比较:

(1) I work where I was born.我工作在我出生的地方。 (where引导状语从句)

(2) He asks me where I was born.他问我在什么地方出生的。 (where引导宾语从句)

(3) This is the town where I was born.这就是我出生的小镇。 (where引导定语从句)

2.“疑问词+ever”与“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句和“疑问词+ever”引导的名词性从句的区别。

“疑问词+ever”既可引导名词性从句, 又可引导状语从句, 而“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。如:

(1) However (=No matter how) hard the question is, he can answer it.不管问题多难, 他都能回答。 (状语从句, 两者可换用)

(2) Whoever does it makes no difference.不管是谁做都一样。 (whoever引导的是主语从句, 不可换用no matter who)

【典例1】If you happen to get lost in thewild, you'd better stay______ you are and wait for help. (2012年四川卷)

A.why B.where

C.who D.what

【解析】B。考查地点状语从句。句意:如果你在野外迷路了, 你最好待在原地, 等待别人的帮助。根据句子结构可知, 这是一个地点状语从句。此句也可以转化为定语从句:You'd better stay in the place you are and wait for help。故选B。

【典例2】Nancy enjoyed herself so much______she visited her friends in Sydney las year.

A.that B.which

C.when D.where

【解析】C。考查状语从句。易误选A。后面一句并不是结果状语, 而是一个时间状语。句意:去年她去悉尼看望她的朋友时, Nancy玩得很开心。

热点一:让步状语从句

1.although与though引导让步状语从句的区别。

两者均可表示“虽然”, 一般可互换, 且可与still, yet连用, 不能与but连用。另外, though还可用作副词, 置于句末, 意为“然而”。如:

(1) Although/Though it was raining hard, they still went out.尽管雨下得很大, 他们还是出去了。

(2) She said she would come;she didn't, though.她说她会来, 然而她没有。

2. while与as引导让步状语从句的区别。

while位于句首时, 意为“虽然, 尽管”, 相当于although。as引导让步状语从句时, 通常用倒装语序。另外, though引导让步状语从句也有这种用法, 但although不能这样用。如:

(1) Teacher as/though he is, he can't know everything.虽然是老师, 他也不可能什么都懂。

(2) While the problem is very difficult, I don't think it can't be solved.尽管问题很复杂, 但我并不认为解决不了。

3.even if, even though, whetheror等也可引导让步状语从句。如:

I won't mind ever if he doesn't come.即使他不来, 我也不介意。

【典例1】He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son______he wants to. (2013年四川卷)

A.even if B.as if

C.because D.before

【解析】A。考查状语从句。此处存在让步关系, 故选A。even if意为“即使”, 引导一个让步状语从句。句意:他很忙。他不能抽出足够多的时间来陪他的儿子———即使他想那样做。

【典例2】______the city life attracts the young people, their parents prefer to live in the countryside.

A.When B.While

C.Because D.Unless

【解析】B。考查状语从句。while在此意为“虽然”, 作从属连词, 引导一个让步状语从句。句意:虽然城市生活对这些年轻人有吸引力, 但他们的父母却宁愿生活在乡下。while作从属连词, 还可以引导时间状语从句。如:

I'll take care of your children while you are away.你不在时我会照顾你的孩子。

while也可用作并列连词, 意为“而, 然而”之意, 表示“对比, 对照”。如:I like tea while she likes coffee.我喜欢喝茶, 而她喜欢喝咖啡。

热点二:原因状语从句

1.常用because, since, as, for, now that (既然) 等引导。这几个说明原因的连接词中because语气最强, 表示直接的因果关系, 回答why提出的问题。如:

(1) —Why didn't she come to school?为什么她没来学校?

—Because she was ill.因为她病了。

(2) Now that he has come, I will tell him the truth.既然他来了, 我就告诉他真相。

2.for引导原因状语从句时, for不能置于句首。它表示的是解释性、补充性的理由, 常指推测的根据。如:

The ground is wet, for it rained last night.地面是湿的, 因为昨晚下过雨。

【典例1】Mark needs to learn Chinese______his company is opening a branch in Beijing. (2013年山东卷)

A.unless B.until

C.although D.since

【解析】D。考查状语从句。since在此意为“由于, 因为”, 符合句意。since在此引导一个原因状语从句。句意:Mark需要学习汉语, 因为他所在的公司要在北京开分公司。

【典例2】—______you are free, why notgo swimming with us?

—Sounds good.

A.For B.Because

C.Now that D.If

【解析】C。考查状语从句。now that引导原因状语从句, 意为“既然, 因为”。通常放在句首。句意:———既然你有空, 为什么不与我们一起去游泳呢?———听起来不错。

热点三:目的及结果状语从句

1.so that, in order that引导目的状语从句;sothat, suchthat引导结果状语从句。如:

(1) He sat in the front of the classroom so that he might hear the professor more clearly.他坐到教室的前头, 以便把教授讲的话听得更清楚。

(2) She works hard at her lessons in order that she can get a good job in the future.她努力学习功课以便在将来找个好工作。

(3) He was in such a hurry that he forgot to take his flight ticket.他走得如此匆忙, 以至于忘了带机票。

2.in case, for fear that引导目的状语从句, 从句的谓语动词要用 (should) +动词原形。如:

You'd better take an umbrella in case it should rain.你最好带上伞以防下雨。

3. sothat与suchthat引导结果状语从句的区别。

如: (1) Jim is so clever a boy that we all like him.=Jim is such a clever boy that we all like him.Jim真聪明, 我们每个人都喜欢他

(2) It is such fine weather that we all want to have a picnic outside.天气真好, 我们都想出去野餐。

【典例1】The teacher spoke through a microphone______every student could hear him.

A.as long as B.in order that

C.in case D.even if

【解析】B。考查状语从句。从后面的情态动词could可以判断复合句后面部分是一个目的状语从句, 故选B项。in order that意为“以便, 为了”, 引导一个目的状语从句。句意:老师讲话的时候用麦克风, 是为了让每个学生都能听见。

【典例2】The two boys look______much alike______no one can tell them apart.

A.so;that B.so;and

C.as;that D.such;that

【解析】A。考查状语从句。that引导一个结果状语从句。句意:这两个男孩看起来如此相像以至于无人能把他们分辨开来。

【巩固与提高】

1.Peter was so excited______ he met Tom, his primary school classmate, on the first day on the college campus.

A.where B.that

C.why D.when

2.According to China's environmental laws, a power plant has to pass an environmental impact assessment______ construction starts.

A.before B.since

D.unless D.though

3.you pay by credit card, please pay in cash.

A.If B.Unless

C.When D.Though

4.______ Mark Zucherberg runs theworld's biggest social network, Facebook, he's a very private person.

A.In case B.As though

C.The moment D.Even though

5. Write the telephone number down______you forget.

A.the momentB.even though

C.in caseD.on condition that

6. If______to a high temperature, water will change into vapour.

A.heatingB.heated

C.being heatedD.having heated

7.______ is responsible for the accident will be punished.

A.No matter whoB.Anyone

C.WhoeverD.No matter whoever

8. I had a snack before I got into the car, just ______there was no time to eat during the trip.

A.in caseB.even though

C.as ifD.on condition that

9.—What time did he come back yesterday?

—It was not yet twelve o'clock______he arrived home.

A.since B.that

C.when D.before

10.Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster, ______we thoroughly change the way we live.

A.althoughB.but

C.unlessD.before

11.Yaan is seeing improvements in life after the earthquake, ______life is still far from normal.

A.though B.because

C.unless D.lest

12.______the Internet is an anonymous (匿名的) electronic system, consumers want to feel as if the website owner knows about and cares about them as individuals.

A.As ifB.In case

C.Even ifD.As long as

13.—Every bird likes its own nest.

—Yes.A nest is to a bird______a house is to a man.

A.asB.that

C.whatD.which

14.______I know, the computer can never take the place of the human brain.

A.Even ifB.In case

C.As long asD.As far as

15.______he comes back, I'll go to pick him up at the airport.

A.BeforeB.Instantly

C.SinceD.While

16.—Mary looks so excited and happy.

—So will you if you______the first prize in the next English speech competition.

A.will winB.win

C.wonD.had won.

17.When______with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn't seem big at all.

A.comparedB.comparing

C.to compareD.being compared

18.I was so tired that I fell asleep______ my head touched the pillow.

A.the immediately B.the moment

C.as soon soD.moment

19.I thought her nice and honest______I met her.

A.first timeB.for the first time

C.the first timeD.by the first time

20.______asks her for advice, she is always ready to help.

A.No matter who

B.Whomever

C.No matter whoever

D.Any one whoever

21.Fewer visitors invited by him came______I expected.

A.as ifB.so that

C.asD.than

22.It will not be long______we can have a trip to the moon.

A.afterB.that

C.untilD.before

23.______the days went on, the weather got worse.

A.WithB.When

C.WhileD.As

24.If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ______great it is.

A.whatB.how

C.whateverD.however

25.She is always listening to music______ doing her homework.

A.while B.as

C.as soon as D.as if

26.They caught the thief.Then they bound his legs______he couldn't escape.

A.as long asB.so that

C.in caseD.even if

27.He had to be called two or three times______he would come to his dinner.

A.until B.unless

C.beforeD.that

28.______bad weather stops me, I jog every day.

A.UnlessB.Since

C.LestD.If

29.Take a hat with you during the trip______the sun is very hot.

A.the moment B.as if

C.in case D.even if

30.There are various things on sale, so you can choose ______interests you.

A.whoever B.no matter who

C.whatever D.no matter what

【答案与解析】

1.D。本题考查状语从句。when引导一个时间状语从句。本题易错选that。要注意分清主从句的关系。后面应该是一个when引导的时间状语从句, 而非结果状语从句 (这样不合逻辑) 。句意:Peter在大学校园的第一天碰到他的小学同学Tom时, 他很兴奋。

2.A。考查状语从句。before在此引导一个时间状语从句。句意:根据中国的环境法规, 在电站开工前必须要通过环境影响评估。

3.B。考查状语从句。unless意为“除非, 如果不”, 引导一个条件状语从句。句意:如果不用信用卡付账, 就请付现金。

4.D。考查状语从句。even though是“尽管, 即使”之意, 引导一个让步状语从句。in case“万一, 唯恐”;as though“好像, 似乎”;the moment“一……就”。句意:尽管Mark Zucherberg经营着世界上最大的社交网站:脸谱网, 但他本人却是一个十分内敛的人。

5.C。考查状语从句。in case意为“万一, 以免, 唯恐”, 引导一个条件状语从句。句意:把电话号码写下来以免忘了。

6.B。考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略形式。heat和water之间存在动宾关系, 故用过去分词形式表条件状语。这实际上是状语从句的省略形式, 相当于:If it is heated to a high temperature句意:如果加热到很高的温度, 水就会变成水蒸汽。

7.C。考查名词性从句。whoever相当于anyone who, 引导一个主语从句。容易误选A项。注意no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。句意:不管是谁对这起事故负责, 都会受到处罚的。

8.A。考查状语从句。in case是“万一”之意, 引导一个条件状语从句。even though“即使”;as if“好像是, 似乎是”;on condition that“条件是”。句意:我在上车前吃了些小吃, 担心万一在旅行中没有时间吃饭。

9.C。考查状语从句。when引导一个时间状语从句。句意:———他昨晚是什么时候回来的?———他到家时还不到12点。

1 0. C。考查状语从句。unless引导一个条件状语从句。句意:很多人相信我们正在陷入环境灾难之中, 除非我们彻底改变我们的生活方式。

1 1. A。考查状语从句。though引导一个让步状语从句。句意:在地震之后, 雅安的生活有了很大的改善, 虽然生活远没有恢复正常。

1 2. C。考查状语从句。even if意为“即使”, 引导一个状语从句。句意:即使互联网是一个匿名的电子系统, 然而, 客户同样非常希望网站的所有者能够非常清楚地了解他们所关心的东西。

1 3. C。考查句式A is to B what C is to D, 意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样。”在此句式中, what引导表语从句, 作从句谓语动词第二个is的表语。句意:鸟巢对鸟而言正如房子对人一样。

1 4. D。考查状语从句。根据句意判断选D, as far as引导状语从句时, 意为“就……, 尽……”, as far as I know意为“就我所知”。句意:就我所知, 电脑永远也代替不了人脑。

1 5. B。考查状语从句。instantly相当于as soon as, 在此用作连词, 引导一个时间状语从句。句意:他一回来, 我就去机场接他。

16.B。考查时态。if引导一个条件状语从句。条件状语从句要求用一般现在时表将来。句意:———Mary看起来很兴奋和高兴。———如果你在下次的英语演讲比赛中得了一等奖的话, 你也会这样的。

17.A。考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。动词compare和逻辑主语the biggest ocean之间存在动宾关系, 故用过去分词作时间状语。句意:当与整个地球大小相比较的时候, 最大的海洋似乎显得一点也不大。

18.B。考查状语从句。the moment用作连词, 意为“一……就”, 引导时间状语从句。句意:我是如此疲劳以至于我的头一挨枕头我就睡着了。

19.C。考查状语从句。the first time引导时间状语从句。句意:我第一次见到他, 我就觉得他好心, 诚实。

20.A。考查状语从句。no matter who引导让步状语从句, 相当于whoever。句意:无论是谁向她请教, 她总是乐意帮忙。

21.D。考查状语从句。根据fewer可以判断这是一个比较状语从句。句意:被他邀请的来宾来的比我预料的要少。

22.D。考查状语从句的固定句型。“It will not be/was not long before”, 意为“不久就……”。句意:不久我们就可以去月球旅游了。

23.D。考查状语从句。as引导一个时间状语从句。as引导时间状语从句强调两个动作的发展变化。句意:随着时间的推移, 天气变得越来越差。

24.D。考查状语从句。however引导一个让步状语从句。句意:如果我们意志坚强, 我们就可能克服任何困难, 不管困难多大。

25.A。考查状语从句。状语从句采用了省略形式, 后面可补充为:while she is doing her homework。

26.B。考查状语从句。从后面的情态动词couldn't可以判断这是一个目的状语从句, 故选B项。so that意为“以便, 为了”, 引导一个目的状语从句。句意:他们抓住了那个小偷, 然后他们把他的双腿绑起来使他不能逃跑。

27.C。考查状语从句。before引导一个时间状语从句。

28.A。考查状语从句。unless意为“除非”, 引导一个让步状语从句。句意:除非天气太差, 我每天都坚持慢跑。

29.C。考查状语从句。in case意为“万一, 以防”, 引导一个条件状语从句。句意:在旅游过程中要带上帽子, 以防太阳光太强。

30.C。考查名词性从句。whatever引导宾语从句, 相当于anything that。A不符合该题语境。句意:有各种各样的物品出售, 所以你可以选择你感兴趣的任何东西。容易误选D。关键问题是要弄清楚choose是个及物动词, 后面接的是宾语从句, 而no matter what只能引导让步状语从句, 故D项错误。

8.状语从句的省略 篇八

状语从句同时具备下列两个条件时，从句中的主语和be动词常可省略：①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。例如：

She stood at the gate as if （she was） waiting for someone.

她站在门口好像在等人。

The woman teacher hurriedly left the classroom as though （she was） angry.

这位女教师匆匆忙忙离开教室，好像生气了。

The man， while （he is） over eighty， can walk faster than I.

这人虽年过八十，却比我走得快。

Don’t speak until （you are） spoken to.

有人对你说话时你才说。

Be careful while （you are） crossing the road.

过马路时要当心。

When （it is） heated， ice can turn into water.

冰经过加热能变成水。

If （it is） possible， he will help you out of the difficulty.

如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。

You must attend the meeting unless （it is） inconvenient to you.

除非情况对你来说不方便，否则你必须出席这次会议。

另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：

I’m taller than he （is tall）.

我比他高。

The higher the temperature （is）， the greater the pressure （is）.

温度越高，压力越大。

He has no money. If （he has） any，he will give us.

他没有钱，如果有，他会给我们的。

Some flowers shut up at night as if （they did this in order） to sleep.

有些花夜间收拢，好像为了睡眠一样。

在使用条件、让步、时间、地点、方式、比较或原因等类型的状语从句时，如果其中谓语部分含有to be的任何一种形式，而主语又与主句的主语相一致或主语为it时，为避免重复，使语言生动、自然、简洁，常可以省略从句的主语和谓语的部分，特别是动词be。这就是状语从句的省略。状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下几种状语从句中。

[条件状语从句的省略]

即主要由if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。例如：

She won’t go to his birthday party unless （she is ） invited.

The news is quite important to us， if （it is） true.

但如果if引导的是表示假设的虚拟条件句，虽具备条件，也不能用于这类省略。这时如果if从句的谓语动词中含有were，had，should，则可以用倒装省略，即将were，had或should提到句首，而将连词if省略。例如：

Were it not for you， I would also go there with them.

Had you come here earlier， you would have met him.

Should it be fine tomorrow， we would go for an outing.

另外，当once作“一旦，一经”解释，连接时间或条件状语从句，其主语与主句的主语相同或其主语为it+be时，常省略从句中的主语或it+be。例如：

Once （it was） published， his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.

Once （you） lose confidence， you can never expect to do your work well.

例1 Unless to speak， you should remain silent at the conference.

A. invited B. inviting

C. being invited D. having invited

解析 A。“Unless to speak”是条件状语从句的省略，它们之间省略了you are， 原句可变为：Unless you are invited to speak， you should remain silent at the conference.

例2 If the same treatment again， he is sure to get well.

nlc202309081939

A. giving B. give

C. given D. being given

解析 C 。“If the same treatment again”也是条件状语从句的省略，它们之间省略了he is，原句可变为：If he is the same treatment again， he is sure to get well.

例3 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise， if regularly， can improve our health.

A. being carried out B. carrying out

C. carried out D. to carry out

解析 C。句子的主语是the experiment；谓语动词是shows；that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主干是：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health；if regularly是插入的条件从句， 从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise， 此时应用it代替前面提到的主语， 条件句的主语与主句的主语一致， 并且含有is， 故省略了it is， 完整形式是：if it is carried out。句意：这项实验表明， 适当的运动， 如果有规律的进行， 能够有助于我们的身体健康。

[让步状语从句的省略]

即主要由though，although，however，whatever，even if，even though，no matter how/what引导的让步状语从句。例如：

Though （he had been） defeated many times， he didn't lose heart.

They worked very hard， though （he was） still rather weak.

与if引导的虚拟条件从句不能用这类省略一样，as引导的让步状语从句同样不能省略。不过如果让步状语从句由as引导时，从句中的表语（一般是形容词或名词）或状语必须提前到as前，构成倒装。如果作表语的是单数可数名词，则还须省略不定冠词。例如：

Poor as he was， he was honest.

Hard as he tried， he still failed.

Much as I like her， I won’t marry her.

Child as he is， he can express himself in good English.

例4 She stopped to help the boy .

A. although being in a hurry

B. although be in a hurry

C. although be hurry

D. although in a hurry

解析 D。although是从属连词，故只能接从句，A选项不是从句，而是非谓语doing结构，故不能选。D选项是although接的从句，也是省略句，省略了主谓，补充完整是：although （she was） in a hurry。

[时间状语从句的省略]

即主要由when， while， as， before， after， until/till等引导的时间状语从句。例如：

When （he was） still a boy of ten， he started working to support himself.

Don’t leave the machine till （you are） told to.

I’ll let you know as soon as （it is） arranged.

但要注意，before和after虽然也可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，却不能用于这类省略主语和be的结构。例如：

The plan should be discussed once again before it is carried out.

上句不能改为：The plan should be discussed once again before carried out.但可以改为：The plan should be discussed once again before being carried out. 句中before不是连词而是介词，后面的being carried out是V-ing形式短语作介词的宾语，整个句子是简单句，而不是复合句。

例5 When ， the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed B. completing

C. being completed D. to be completed

解析 A。“When completed”是时间状语从句的省略，其之间省略了it is， 原句可变为：When it is completed， the museum will be open to the public next year.

例6 It shames me to say it， but I told a lie when at the meeting by my boss.