广东版必修2:《逍遥游》教案

2024-06-21

广东版必修2:《逍遥游》教案(5篇)

1.广东版必修2:《逍遥游》教案 篇一

6.*逍遥游

教学目标

1.了解庄周及其作品《庄子》和道家学派的思想体系,积累“若、是、斯、之、特、修”等词语。2.理解庄子在《逍遥游》中表达的思想,并进行现代审视。3.领略《庄子》浪漫主义的奇丽色彩和汪洋恣肆的艺术风格。教学重点

1.了解庄周及其作品《庄子》和道家学派的思想体系,积累“若、是、斯、之、特、修”等词语。2.理解庄子在《逍遥游》中表达的思想,并进行现代审视。教学时间:2课时

第1课时

教学目标

1.了解庄子与他的思想。2.了解课文大意。教学内容与步骤

一、情景激趣 ㈠创设情景。

庄子(约前369年—前286年),名周,字子休,一字子沐,战国时代宋国蒙(今河南商丘东北,另一说是今安徽蒙城县)人,曾任蒙之漆园吏。贫而乐道,不慕富贵。他是庄子学派的创始人。

庄子,名周,约生于公元前369年,死于公元前286年,战国时宋国人,著名的哲学家、文学家。道家学派的代表人物,与老子并称为“老庄”。庄子生活在一个社会矛盾极其复杂的时代,做过漆园吏。他对现实不满,不与统治阶级合作。相传楚王曾经用千金聘礼请他为相,被他拒绝。“我宁可游戏污渎之中自快,无为有国者所羁,终身不仕,以快吾志焉”(《史记.老庄申韩列传》)一语可见其性格特点。庄子是继老子之后,战国时期道家学派的代表人物。著名思想家、哲学家、文学家,老子哲学思想的继承者和发展者。代表作《庄子》(又被称为《南华经》)阐发了道家思想的精髓,发展了道家学说,使之成为对后世产生深远影响的哲学流派。

他的学说涵盖着当时社会生活的方方面面,但根本精神还是归依于老子的哲学。后世将他与老子并称为“老庄”,他们的哲学为“老庄哲学”。

《史记.老庄申韩列传》载:庄子学无所不窥,著书十余万言,其要本集於老子之言,继承与发展老子的“道”,道法自然,故道无所不在,强调事物的自生自化,否认有任何主宰,提出“通天下一气耳”“人之生,气之象也;聚则为生,散则为死”。经两晋南北朝的演变,老庄学说为为道家思想的核心内容。庄子并被认为神人。唐玄宗天宝元年(公元724)二月封南华真人,所著书《庄子》奉诏称为《南华真经》。宋徽宗时封庄子为“微妙元通真君”。

庄子的生平事迹流传下来的不多,我们仅能从《史记》和《庄子》中了解一点零碎的东西。他对后人的影响主要是《庄子》一书。

《庄子》具有极高的文学价值。文笔汪洋态肆,想象奇特丰富,气势波澜壮阔。《庄子》共33篇、内篇7篇是庄子所作,外篇15篇和杂篇11篇学术界认为是他人伪作。《庄子》善于虚构,十有八九是寓言作品。庄子的想象力十分丰富,语言运用自如,灵活变化,能把一些微妙难言的哲理说得引人人胜。鲁迅先生说:“其文汪洋辟阖,仪态万方,晚周诸子之作,莫能先也。”(《汉文学史纲要》)郭沫若说:“以思想家而兼文章家的人,在中国古代哲人中,实在是绝无仅有”(《庄子与鲁迅》)。也有人称他的作品是“文学的哲学、哲学的文学”。

庄子的主要思想有“天道无为”,相对的认识论,无条件的精神自由等。他的思想属于唯心主义体系。他片面夸大一切事物的相对性,否定客观事物的差异,否定客观真理,在认识论上走向相对主义。从这种认识论出发,他对待生活的态度是:一切顺应自然,安时而处顺,知其不可奈何而安之若命。在政治上,他主张无为而治,反对一切社会制度,摈弃一切文化知识。

《庄子》散文最富有想象力和浪漫主义色彩,擅长用寓言故事来说明道理,《史记》载:“其著书十余万言,大抵率寓言也”。如丑女效颦、望洋兴叹、鲲鹏展翅、不龟手之药等,都是巧妙隽永、妙趣横生的寓言。

庄子天才卓绝,聪明勤奋,“其学无所不窥”(《史记·老子韩非列传》),并非生来就无用世之心。但是,“而今也以天下惑,予虽有祈向,不可得也”(《庄子·天地》)。一方面“窃钩者诛,窃国者为诸侯”(《胠箧》)的腐败社会使他不屑与之为伍,另一方面,“王公大人不能器之”(《史记·老子韩非列传》)的现实处境又使他无法一展抱负。人世间既然如此沉浊,“不可与庄语”(《天下》),他追求自由的心灵只好在幻想的天地里翱翔,在绝对自由的境界里寻求解脱。正是在这种情况下,他写出了苦闷心灵的追求之歌《逍遥游》。

㈡提出目标。

学习本课,我们的共性目标是: 1.了解庄子与他的思想。2.了解课文大意。

下面再请同学们结合课文内容、你自己的学习或思想状况自主设定一个个性学习目标:

二、探索生趣

㈠阅读指导:速读课文,请用序号(一,二……)标出意义段落,要求能体现刺秦的过程,请用序号(1,2……)标出段内层次,请用“

”标出关键句或主旨句,请用着重号标出关键词语,请在相关的文字旁批注你的阅读感受,如对内容、主旨、语言、表现手法等的看法等,请结合学习目标、课后练习,将不能解决和有不同见解的问题逐一列举出来:

在阅读程中,掌握下列加点字的读音:

鲲鹏(kūn)

北冥(míng)

抟(tuán)

坳堂(āo)

天阏(è)

决起(xuè)

榆枋(fāng)

舂粮(chōng)

蟪蛄(huì)

斥鴳(yàn)

泠然(líng)

数数然(shuó)

㈡课堂探索: 探究本文结构:

方法指导:精读课文,并与同学商讨,根据文体特征、文中表现思路的语句或词语,探讨本文的结构,体会其妙处,并从整体上理解课文:

1.划分段落,归结段意:

第一段:世间万物皆有所待(不自由)

第二段:世间万物皆有所待,又有“小大之辨(亦不自由)第三段:社会的人,无不有所待,真正的逍遥者换所待

一、万物有待:鲲鹏、野马、尘埃、大舟、草芥、蜩与学鸠 小知不及大知

万物有局限 小年不及大年 物

大小的分别

知、行、德、征(耐)四种人

人亦有所待:宋荣子、列子——仍有未树,犹有所待者 人

二、逍遥无待:至人—神人—圣人—— 无己、无功、无名—逍遥者

2.本文的结构有何妙处?

层层排除,卒章显旨。作者要阐明什么是逍遥,先说什么是不逍遥。

第一段先以大鹏南飞作比喻,说明世上万物无论大小,都受到不同的限制,处在不同的束缚之中,皆有所“待”,而不能达到真正的逍遥。我们一般所认为的大小远近都是相对的,万物都处在各种相对的关系之中,都受到各种条件的限制。

第二段紧承上文说明“小知不及大知,小年不及大年”,即小与大的区别。中心意思还是说明小与大等一切关系都是相对的。

第三段作者由物及人,列举三类人,他们在利禄面前不同表现,但皆有所“待”,都没能达到逍遥,最后作者水到渠成地指出:真正的逍遥即是“无待”。

3.本课的结构对你的写作有何借鉴作用?

探究文意:

方法指导:结合注释,基本疏通文意,对不懂之处,先查工具书或问同学,实在不能独立解决的,课堂上提出,师生共同解决。

三、总结固趣 ㈠自主归结。

1.归结应掌握的基础知识: 2.归结应积累的思想材料: 3.归结应形成的能力: 4.归结应掌握的学习方法: 5.归结学习的作用:

⑴学了本课对积累语文基础知识的有何作用?对学习写作有何作用?对提高阅读能力与掌握阅读技巧有何作用?

⑵本文有哪些思想或作者及文中的人物有哪些思想品质或生活态度值得我们学习借鉴?我们如何用现代观念来审视这些思想行为或生活态度使之成为我们的行为指南?

㈡自主反思 1.反思学习效果

⑴本课哪些学习目标已经达成?哪些还似是而非?哪些尚未达成? ⑵对于掌握得似是而非、尚未达成的目标应怎样弥补? 2.反思学习态度

学习本课你的学习态度怎样?如果学习态度不够积极,是什么原因造成的?应怎样改进?如果学习态度积极,是由于什么原因?将来如何保持积极的学习态度?

3.反思学习方法

学习本课你运用的学习方法是否恰当?为什么?学习本课你学了新的学习方法了吗?如果学到了,那是什么方法?你将怎样运用于将来的学习中?

㈡学习体验

1.学习本课能引起你对社会生活的哪些联想? 2.学了本课你在思想情感上有何体验? ㈢老师总结。

四、布置作业: 1.完成课后练习。

2.完成对本课应掌握的文言基础知识的梳理归纳。

3.思考本文是如何写人的?我们应如何评价荆轲刺秦王的行为?

第2课时

教学目标

1.重点积累积累“若、是、斯、之、特、修”等词语,及文中的名言。2.理解庄子在文中表达的思想。3.了解本文的艺术特色。教学内容与步骤

一、情景激趣 ㈠创设情景。

先秦诸子中能自成一家,别树一帜的就是庄子。鲁迅称其文章“汪洋辟阖,仪态万方,晚周诸子之作,莫能先也”(《汉文学史纲要》)。作为先秦道家学派的代表—庄子,以其思想、哲学等影响着后世,今天我们学习他的《逍遥游》,看看从中可得到什么启示。

㈡提出目标。

本节课我们学习本课,其共性目标是:

1.重点积累积累“若、是、斯、之、特、修”等词语,及文中的名言。2.理解庄子在文中表达的思想。3.了解本文的艺术特色。

请同学们结合自己的实际拟一个个性目标:

二、探索生趣 ㈠积累语言:

1.学生交流整理的文言知识: 2.在老师指导下归结强化: 词语释义

1《齐谐》者,志怪者也

(记载)

志 2 寻向所志,遂迷,不复得路

(标志)人之立志,顾不如蜀鄙之僧哉

(志向)

而御六七之辩,以游无穷者

(尽,止)

2复前行,欲穷其林

(走……尽头)

3穷且益坚,不坠青云之志

(境况艰难)

4穷根问底

(穷追)

1适莽苍者,三餐而反

(到,往)

2始适还家门

(女子出嫁)

3处分适兄意

(适宜,适合)

4适得府君书,明日来迎汝

(刚才)

1化而为鸟

(动词,成为)

2以五百岁为春

(动词,当作)

3奚以之九万里而难为

(语气词,“呢”)

4有鸟焉,其名为鹏

(动词,叫做)

5若属皆为所虏

(介词,“被”)

1鲲之大,不知其几千里也

(代词,它)

其2其皆出于此乎

(副词,表揣测语气)

3且行千里,其谁不知

(副词,表反问语气)

4其自视也,亦若此矣

(代词)

3.特殊句式

⑴奚以知其然也

(宾语前置)⑵背负青天,而莫之夭阏者

(宾语前置)⑶而彼且奚适也

(宾语前置)⑷覆杯水于坳堂之上

(状语后置)⑸翱翔蓬蒿之上

(状语后置)完成课后第二题 若:

1.像,好像。例句:背若泰山,翼苦垂天之云。(《逍遥游》)

2.假如,如果。例句:若能以吴、越之众与中国抗衡……(《赤壁之战》)3.你。例句:若毒之乎?(《捕蛇者说》)

表对称时,除了有“你”“你们”之意,也有“你的”之意。例句:更若役,复若赋。(《捕蛇者说》)此外,“若”字还有以下用法或意思:

① 及,比得上。例句:徐公不若君之美也。(《战国策·邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)② 表他称,他,他的。例句:孔子生不知其父,若母匿之。(王充《论衡·实知》)③ 表近指,这,这样,如此。

例句:南宫适出,子曰:“君子哉若人!”(《论语·宪问》)

④ 表选择,或,或者。例句:以万人若一郡降者,封万户。(《汉书·高帝纪》)

⑤ 与“夫”“至”等结合,组成“若夫”“至若”,用在一段或另一层意思的开头,表示语气。例句:若夫乘天地之正……(《逍遥游》)至若春和景明……(《岳阳楼记》)

是:

1.代词,这。例句:是说也,人常疑之。(《石钟山记》)2.动词,表判断。例句:巨是凡人,偏在远郡……(《赤壁之战》)此外,“是”字还有以下用法或意思: ① 形容词,正确。

例句:实迷途其未远,觉今是而昨非。(《归去来兮辞》)

意动用法作动词时,有“以……为是”“认为……正确”之意。例句:是己而非人,俗之同病。(《问说》)② 助词,与“惟”构成“惟……是”结构,“是”表宾语前置。例句:吾少孤,及长,不省所怙,惟兄嫂是依。(《祭十二郎文》)

斯:

1.副词,则,就。例句:夫天下之道,理安,斯得人者也。(柳宗元《封建论》)2.代词,此。例句:予为斯序,既痛逝者……(《〈黄花岗七十二烈士事略〉序》)

“斯”字本义为“劈”,如《诗经·陈风·墓门》中的“墓门有棘,斧以斯之”。另有一种用法是用作句中、句末语气词,如《诗经·豳风·破斧》的“哀我人斯”。

之:

1.助词,的。例句:若能以吴、越之众与中国抗衡……(《赤壁之战》)2.代词,这,此。例句:均之二策。(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)

3.助词,用在主语与谓语之间,无实义。例句:师道之不传也久矣!(《师说》)

“之”字的用法或意思还有:“到……去”,如《汉书·高帝纪》中的“沛公引兵之薛”;第三人称代词,如《汉书·高帝纪》中的“贤士大夫有肯从我游者,吾能尊显之”等。

特:

1.形容词,独,独特。例句:而彭祖乃今以久特闻。(《逍遥游》)

2.副词,只。例句:然建特不与皓和好往来。(《三国志·蜀书·诸葛亮传》)

“特”字有“公牛”之意,引申为“雄性牲畜”,也可泛指“牲畜”,另有“配偶”之意,用作副词有“特此,特别”之意,用作形容词可表“杰出的、独特的”。

修:

1.长。例句:盖简桃核修狭者为之。(《核舟记》)

2.修饰。例句:何者,严大国之威以修敬也。(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)

“修”字主要用作动词和形容词,用作动词时有“修建”“修理”“治理”“修养”“修订、修改”“编写”“学习、研究”等意思,用作形容词时还有“善、美好”之意。

三鲲、鹏的形象在后世诗文中经常出现,如“大鹏一日同风起,扶摇直上九万里”(李白《上李邕》),“鲲鹏水击三千里,组练长驱十万夫”(苏轼《催试官考较戏作》)等。再找出几例,体会其中鲲、鹏的形象所蕴含的象征意义。

㈡课堂探索: 1.探究主旨

方法指导:精读课文,并与同学商讨,通过抓文章中表现主旨的语句(主要表现为抒情或议论的语句),结合本文背景、作者写作意图理解文章的主旨有何深度或新意,对你有何启发,体会文章的主旨是如何体现的,对你有何借鉴作用等:

1.本文的主旨是:

“逍遥”也写作“消摇”,意思是悠游自得的样子;“逍遥游”就是没有任何束缚地、自由自在地活动,指无所依赖、绝对自由地遨游永恒的精神世界。“逍遥”一词除了用作题目外,在原文文末还出现过:“今子有大树,患其无用,何不树之于无何有之乡,广漠之野,彷徨乎无为其侧,逍遥乎寝卧其下。”这里,“逍遥”与“彷徨”对举,根据文意,“彷徨”所表达的意思侧重于“身游”,与之相对,“寝卧其下”的“逍遥”应该是指“心游”“神游”了。在本文中,“逍遥”指的是无待的自由,即圣人的精神境界。逍遥和游是分不开的,在一定程度上,逍遥就是游,逍遥的本质和意义由“游”来表述,游是逍遥的式样。“逍遥游”就是没有任何束缚地、自由自在地活动,指无所依赖、绝对自由地遨游于永恒的精神世界。

2.本文的主旨在文中是如何体现的?

本篇是《庄子》的代表篇目之一,充满奇特的想象和浪漫的色彩,寓说理于寓言和生动的比喻中,形成独特的风格。文章先以“鲲鹏”和“野马”作比,说明世上万物无论大小,都是有所“待”的,即都要受到不同的限制和束缚,接着,仍通过比喻,阐明万物都处在各种相对的关系中,因而都不能达到真正的逍遥状态。最后作者由物及人,说明真正的逍遥是“无待”,即通过精神的修养,达到无知无欲,恬淡宁静的境界。

3.本文的主旨对你有何启发?

㈡探究技巧

方法指导:精读课文,并与同学商讨,探讨本文最主要的写作技巧有哪些,作者运用这些写作技巧对表现内容、表达主旨增强表达效果等方面有何作用:

1.本文最主要的写作技巧是什么?作者运用这些写作技巧对表现内容、表达主旨、增强表达效果等方面有何作用? 完成课后第一题:

一是在想象中夸张,如在想象鲲、鹏形象时,作者极写鲲、鹏之大:“鲲之大,不知其几千里也。”“鹏之背,不知其几千里也。怒而飞,其翼若垂天之云。”写寿之长,曰冥灵:“以五百岁为春,五百岁为秋。”曰大椿:“以八千岁为春,八千岁为秋。”都极尽想象夸张之能事,造成浩大的声势和广阔的意境。

二是在想象中进行对比,极写鲲、鹏之大,与之相对应的,明说斥安鸟之小,暗指人的渺小。大如鲲鹏尚不能逍遥,何况渺小之人呢;写冥灵、大椿之长寿,也暗喻了人生短暂,连长寿之人彭祖也只能算“小年”。这种“小知”与“大知”、“小年”与“大年”的对比都是在想象中完成的。

三是在想象中寄寓了自己的情感。作者如此醉心于“逍遥”境界的想象和创造,并将这种想象具体化、形象化,实则是蕴含了自己对理想的热烈追求。作者否定争名夺利的世俗之人,追求逍遥,但自己也摆脱不掉人生的羁绊,在这种矛盾的情感之下,就借着这种大胆夸张的想象来寄寓自己的理想。

2.作者运用的写作技巧对你在写作中有何借鉴作用?

㈢自由探究

回顾本文学习目标和课文内容,探究自己尚未掌握的内容;根据自己的兴趣,探究自己感兴趣而尚未解决的问题:

讨论完成课后第三题:

如李白的《大鹏赋》、西汉贾谊的《鹏鸟赋》等,都是以鹏鸟为主题的作品,此外还有毛泽东的词《蝶恋花·从汀州向长沙》:“六月天兵征腐恶,万丈长缨要把鲲鹏缚”等。

这些文学作品大多深化了庄子笔下高大雄伟的鲲鹏形象,人们习惯于将鲲鹏与斥鴳对比,突出大与小的形象之分和优与劣的境界之分。在这些作品中,作家往往为鲲、鹏的伟大形象所倾倒,从而将自己的愿望和志向寄托在鲲、鹏身上,可以说鲲鹏意象是人们志向高远、充满希望和力量的一种象征,是一种很高的境界,人们对鲲鹏形象也倾注了自己的思想感情。

但事实上,在庄子的思想中,尽管鹏、鴳有别,尽管鲲鹏的形象确实比斥鴳高大,境界也比斥鴳高,但它们同样是“有所待”的,同样达不到“逍遥”的境界。庄子反复描绘大鹏的雄伟形象,还是能看出作者在向往逍遥却无法逍遥的大鹏形象里是寄寓了自己的感情的。

三、总结固趣 ㈠自主归结。

1.归结应掌握的基础知识: 2.归结应积累的思想材料: 3.归结应形成的能力: 4.归结应掌握的学习方法: 5.归结学习的作用:

⑴学了本课对积累语文基础知识的有何作用?对学习写作有何作用?对提高阅读能力与掌握阅读技巧有何作用?

⑵本文有哪些思想或作者及文中的人物有哪些思想品质或生活态度值得我们学习借鉴?我们如何用现代观念来审视这些思想行为或生活态度使之成为我们的行为指南?

㈡自主反思 1.反思学习效果

⑴本课哪些学习目标已经达成?哪些还似是而非?哪些尚未达成? ⑵对于掌握得似是而非、尚未达成的目标应怎样弥补? 2.反思学习态度

学习本课你的学习态度怎样?如果学习态度不够积极,是什么原因造成的?应怎样改进?如果学习态度积极,是由于什么原因?将来如何保持积极的学习态度?

3.反思学习方法

学习本课你运用的学习方法是否恰当?为什么?学习本课你学了新的学习方法了吗?如果学到了,那是什么方法?你将怎样运用于将来的学习中?

㈡学习体验 1.学习本课能引起你对社会生活的哪些联想? 2.学了本课你在思想情感上有何体验? ㈢老师总结。

四、布置作业

预习《陈情表》,结合注释,基本读懂课文,完成课后练习。

趣味教学资料

1.惠子相梁

惠施做了梁国的国相,庄子去看望他。有人告诉惠施说:“庄子到梁国来,想取代你做宰相。”于是惠施非常害怕,在国都搜捕三天三夜。庄子前去见他,说:“南方有一种鸟,它的名字叫鹓雏,你知道吗?从南海起飞飞到北海去,不是梧桐树不栖息,不是竹子的果实不吃,不是甜美如醴的泉水不喝。在此时猫头鹰拾到一只腐臭的老鼠,鸟从它面前飞过,猫头鹰仰头看着,发出‘吓’的怒斥声。现在你也想用你的梁国来‘吓’我吧?”

2.庄子与惠子游于濠梁

庄子与惠施在濠水的桥上游玩。庄子说:“白鱼在河水中游得多么悠闲自得,这是鱼的快乐啊。”惠施说:“你不是鱼,怎么知道鱼的快乐呢?”庄子说:“你不是我,怎么知道我不知道鱼的快乐呢?”惠施说:“我不是你,固然不知道你;你本来就不是鱼,你不知道鱼的快乐,是可以肯定的!”庄子说:“请从我们最初的话题说起。你说‘你哪儿知道鱼快乐’的话,说明你已经知道我知道鱼快乐而在问我。我是在濠水的桥上知道的。”

3.庄子与惠子

庄子送葬,经过惠子的坟墓,回头对跟随他的人说:“楚国郢人捏白土,鼻尖上溅到一滴如蝇翼般大的污泥,他请匠石替他削掉。匠石挥动斧头,呼呼作响,随手劈下去,把那小滴的泥点完全削除,而鼻子没有受到丝毫损伤,郢人站着面不改色。宋元君听说这件事,把匠石找来说:‘替我试试看。’匠石说:‘我以前能削,但是我的对手早已经死了!’自从先生去世,我没有对手了,我没有谈论的对象了!”(《徐无鬼》)

4.庄子的故事

战国时,宋人曹商出使秦国,秦王赏给他兵车百辆。回国后,曹商向庄子炫耀,庄子很讨厌他,讽刺说:“听说秦王有病求医,能吮吸痈疮使它破头的赏车一辆,能舔痔疮的给车五辆,越不怕脏,赏赐的车就越多。你大概去舔的痔疮吧?不然,为什么得到如此之多的车呢?”(《庄子·列御寇》)

有一人去拜见宋王,宋王一高兴就赐给他十辆车,这人为此在庄子面前炫耀。庄子说:“从前有户贫苦人家,靠编织苇席为生。一次,这家的儿子潜入深渊,得到一枚价值千金的宝珠。他的父亲说:‘拿块石头把这宝珠捶碎!价值千金的宝珠,一定出自深潭底黑龙的下巴下边,你能轻易地获得,必定是正赶上黑龙睡着了。倘若黑龙醒来,你还想活着回来吗?’如今宋国政局险恶,远超过深深的潭底;宋王的凶残,也远超过潭底的黑龙。你侥幸碰上宋王睡着了,才能获得十辆马车;倘若宋王一旦醒过来,只怕你难免要粉身碎骨!”(《庄子·列御寇》)

战国时,楚王派两个大夫去请庄子做楚国之相。两个大夫找到庄子时,他正在濮水边钓鱼。两人讲明了来意,庄子继续钓鱼不理,并说不愿像神龟那样供在庙堂上受礼遇,而愿活着在泥涂上摇动尾巴(曳尾于涂中)。(《庄子·秋水》

庄子的妻子死后,惠子前去吊丧,看见庄子正两脚伸直岔开敲击瓦盆唱歌,就责备他过于不近人情。庄子回答说:“人从生到死如同四季的运行变化一样,她已静静地安息在大自然中,而我还哭哭啼啼的,这难道不是不通情理吗?”

庄子家贫,到监河侯处借粮。监河侯说:“等秋后我把采邑的税金收齐后,借你三百金,怎么样?”庄子生气地说:“我来时见路上车辙里有条鲫鱼,自称是东海的波臣,求我用斗升之水救他。我说等我去把西江之水引来救你。鲫鱼愤怒地说:‘我只求斗升之水活命,你这么说,不如早点到干鱼市场上找我吧!”(《庄子·外物》)

庄子的生活十分清苦。有一次,庄子穿着一件补丁的粗布衣服去见魏王,魏王见他用破麻绳绑着破草鞋,便问他说:“先生怎么这样疲困呢?”庄子回答说:这那里是疲困而是贫穷啊!读书人有理想而不能施行,这叫做疲困;衣服旧鞋子破了,这叫贫困不是疲困。我现在处于昏君乱相的时代,要想不疲困怎么可能呢?

教学反思:

2.广东版必修2:《逍遥游》教案 篇二

广东版必修2:《菱角的喜剧》精品教案

《菱角的喜剧》教学设计 教学目标: 1.知识和能力目标:学习本文由日常生活写起、悟出哲理,并展开想象,广征博引,来进一步说明这一道理的写作方法。 2. 过程和方法目标:注重应用,学会用学过的知识来解决现实中的问题;关注学生创造的能力,注重学习探究的方法,使本文学习的过程成为积极主动探索未知领域的过程。 3. 情感态度与价值观:引导学生对自然、社会等进行更深刻的思考和的认识,从而提高自身的思想道德境界和哲学理论水平,培养探索精神和创新能力。 教学重点: 1.学习作者是怎样通过菱角的“喜剧”一步步引入正题的,学习作者运用事例和事理进行正反论证深化论点的方法。 2.根据自己的日常生活和学习经历,来讨论 “复杂性、多样性,总是贯穿于一切事物之间”这个问题。 教学难点: 根据自己的日常生活和学习经历,来讨论 “复杂性、多样性,总是贯穿于一切事物之间”这个问题,并掌握这样一种解决问题的道理和方法。 教学设想: 本文文字明快晓畅,具有趣味性,基本上无文字理解障碍,方法上准备采取“自读理解,引导体会”模式来学习本文。教学时数:一课时 课前准备: 1.以学习小组为单位研究作者,并为作者设置简历表。 2.思考课文后面的练习,完成本课学案。 教学过程: 课前:播放《采菱曲》创设情境 一、导入 老船工故事导入(略) 二、走近作者 学生展示研究成果和作出个人评价。(提问学习小组,教师补充) 三、整体感知,初步探究。 1.速读课文,以小组合作形式探讨分析:作者从认识菱角的过程中,悟到了什么道理? 明确:事物具有复杂性、多样性。 2.文章论证的层次是什么?请填写提纲表: 第一部分(1~6):叙述对菱角的认识过程,提出观点: 。 第1层( ): 。 第2层( ): 。 第二部分(7~12):讲述怎样认识复杂多样的事物。 第1层( ) 论述认识事物的两种不同方法 。 第2层( ) 证明认识事物胜利与失败的.原因 。 第3层( )认识复杂多样的事物方法: 一是 。 二是 。 四、自主研讨,深层探究。 1.这是一篇议论性散文,其实秦牧最初发表这篇文章时所定的题目是《复杂》,大家认为与《菱角的喜剧》相比那个题目更好一些,为什么? 明确:《菱角的喜剧》更加好一些,因为这个题目更有针对性,选取日常生活中的平凡事物入题,赋于新的情感体验,也与哲理性散文的文体和笔调更一致,“喜剧”一说也让人充满阅读期待。而“复杂”这个题目看起来很公式化,宽泛抽象,很乏味,容易使人觉得文章可能要说教什么大道理。 (作文拟题借鉴:文题是文章的窗户,拟题应注意题目与文章内容、主题、笔调以及阅读吸引力的关系。) 2.本文的开头很有特点:先从自己认识菱角的亲身经历谈起,从中引出论点。大家想想,这样开头好不好?为什么不先提出观点,再写经历呢? 明确:开头作者巧妙地写了一个真切而发人深思的的事例,显得别开生面,既生动形象,又蕴含深刻的哲理,体现了哲理散文的艺术性。这种用事例开头的写法,就叫做“故事开头法”,它特别适合于提出新的、人们不易接受的观点。 3.深化论点的论证技巧研讨:作者用了哪些材料来论证自己的这个观点?围绕着这个观点作者用什么方法将道理讲得如此浅显又令人折服的? 明确:(1)事例 (2) 聪明人认识事物的方法(合理、科学的) 正面论证 对 自己认识菱角甚至蝴蝶、蝗虫的方法(片面性) 反面论证 比 农民掌握下雨的条件“黑云、风势、昆虫动态” 正面论证 良种变劣、养猪不活 反面论证 (作文写作借鉴:事例论证、正反对比论证的方法。) 五、走进文本,再读置疑。(自主、合作、探究) 略 六、延伸拓展探究 引入:请同学们在课文中找观点,用课文中的话来来分析老船工故事中人们错在哪里? 1.讨论:在你们的学习和生活中也一定存在着对事物的复杂性、多样性的认识缺乏问题,请你们谈谈。 教师示例“苏轼续诗”例引入 2.下面几则精彩事例,请大家试着将事例放到课文中去,你认为放在哪一段最好?为什么? ①苏轼续诗例 ②老船工例 ③战国年间公孙龙白马非马例 ④商人常被认为奸诈,有“无奸不商”之说 ⑤“橘生淮南则为橘,橘生淮北则为枳” ――《淮南子》 六、教师小结 本文主要通过对菱角的认识等事例说明一切事物是复杂性,多样性。我们要正确认识事物就必须掌握事物的一般性,更要掌握事物的特殊性,避免绝对化简单化地认识事物。作者通过从个人生活的体验和延伸中提炼论点,从事例和事理的正反对比中深化论证的方法,值得我们在写作实践中去学习和借鉴。 七、布置作业:完成资料“优化设计”中与课文有关题目.

3.广东版必修2:《逍遥游》教案 篇三

陕西省佛坪县中学王宝杰辑

教学要点:巩固本课文言知识,拓展文言阅读能力。

一、本课文言知识归纳:

(一)、一词多义

去以六月息。风

以息相吹。气息

贱息舒祺。子女

偃旗息鼓。停止

苏武气绝,半日复息。呼吸

北冥有鱼,其名为鲲。名词,名称。

圣人无名。名词,名望。

今将军外托服从之名,而内怀犹豫之计。名词,名义。

名之者谁。动词,命名。

人虽有百口,口有百舌,不能名其一处也。动词,说出、说明。

燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉。名词,志向。

《齐谐》者,志怪者也。动词,记载。

博闻强志。动词,记住。

便扶向路,处处志之。动词,做标记。

图穷匕首见。地图

乃强起扶杖,执图谐寺后。图画

而后乃今将图南。打算

如有离违,宜别图之。谋划、筹划。

无使滋蔓,蔓难图也。谋取、设法对付。

置杯焉则胶。放上、安放。

郑人有且置履者。购置、添置。

沛公则置车骑,脱身独骑。放弃、放下。

若夫乘天地之正,而御六气之辨,以游无穷者。形容词,穷尽。

子孙习其家风,今多穷困。形容词,生活困难。

复前行,欲穷其林。动词,走到尽头。

穷不失义,达不离道。不得志,仕途不顺。

适莽苍。到、往。

始适还家门。出嫁

适得府君书。刚才

处分适兄意。依照

少无适俗韵。迎合

而吾与子之所共适。享有、享受。

先主斜趋汉津,适与羽船会。恰好、刚好。

苍苍

天之苍苍,其正色邪。深蓝色

两鬓苍苍十指黑。灰白色

其:

其翼若垂天之云。代词,鲲。

则其负大舟也无力。代词,水。

彼其于世。代词,宋荣子。

其正色邪,其远而无所至极邪。连词,表选择。

而:

化而为鸟。连词,表承接关系。

抟扶摇而上者九万里。连词,表承接关系。

水浅而舟大也。连词,表并列关系。

举世非之而不加沮。连词,表转折关系。

其远而无所至极邪。连词,表因果关系。

之:

鹏之徙于南冥也,水击三千里。助、插、取。

汤之问棘也是已。助、插、取。

穷发之北。结构助词,的。

而莫之夭阏者。代词,鹏。

之二虫又何知。指示代词,表近指,这。

奚以之九万里而南为?动词,到、往。

(二)、古今异义

虽然,犹有未树也。即使这样

众人匹之。一般人

腹犹果然。食饱之状

穷发之北。毛,指草木。

(三)、古字通假

北冥有鱼。“冥”通“溟”,大海。

三餐而反。“反”通“返”,返回。

小知不及大知。“知”通“智”,智慧。

此小大之辩也。“辩”通“辨”,区别。

而征一国者。“而”通“能”,能力。(一说通“耐”,能耐。)

旬有五日而后反。“有”通“又”,又。“反”同前。

而御六气之辩。“辩”通“变”,变化。

(四)、词类活用

水击三千里。名词作状语,在水面上。

而后乃今将图南。名作动,南飞。

而征一国者。使到用法,使……信服。

(五)、特殊句式

南冥者,天池也。判断句

《齐谐》者,志怪者也。判断句

莫之夭阏者。宾语前置

奚以知其然也?宾语前置

彼且奚适也?宾语前置

彼且恶乎待哉?宾语前置

去以六月息者也。状语后置

(六)、固定句式

奚以之九万里而南为?表反问,“哪里用得着……呢?”

天之苍苍,其正色邪?其远而无所至极邪?表选择,“是……呢?还是……呢?”

(七)文化常识(关于纪日法)

晦:农历每月的最后一天。

望:农历每月的十五;十六为既望。

朔:农历每月的第一天。

二、达标训练:

(一)填空:

1、庄子,战国时期著名的----家,-----家。-----家学派的代表人物。

2、《庄子》一书共-----篇,本文可以看成其中的------。

3、《逍遥游》在写作上的特点是-------------,------------。

(二)、解释句中加横线的词:

1、是鸟也,海运则将徙于南冥:

2、《齐谐》者,志怪者也:

3、奚以之九万里而南为:

4、腹犹果然:

5、众人匹之

(三)、下列句中“之”的用法为代词的项是()

A、其翼若垂天之云B、生物之以息相吹也

C、覆杯水于坳堂之上,则芥之为舟D、奚以之九万里而南为

E、之二虫又何如

(四)、结合《逍遥游》,谈谈你对庄子思想及作品风格的认识。

(五)、拓展训练:阅读下面的文言文,完成1~5题。

子墨子言曰:“仁人之所以为事者,必兴天下之利,除去天下之害,以此为事者也。”然则天下之利何也?天下之害何也?子墨子言曰:“今若国之与国之相攻,家之与家之相篡,人之与人之相贼,君臣不惠忠,父子不慈孝,兄弟不和调,此则天下之害也。”?

既以非之,何以易之?子墨子言曰:“以兼相爱交相利之法易之。”然则兼相爱交相利之法将柰何哉?子墨子言:“视人之国若视其国,视人之家若视其家,视人之身若视其身。是故诸侯相爱则不野战,家主相爱则不相篡,人与人相爱则不相贼,君臣相爱则惠忠,父子相爱则慈孝,兄弟相爱则和调。天下之人皆相爱,强不执弱,众不劫寡,富不侮贫,贵不敖贱,诈不欺愚。凡天下祸篡怨恨可使毋起者,以相爱生也,是以仁者誉之。”?

然而今天下之士君子曰:“然,乃若兼则善矣,虽然,天下之难物于故也。”?

子墨子言曰:“天下之士君子,特不识其利,辩其害故也。昔者晋文公好士之恶衣,故文公之臣皆羊之裘,韦以带剑,练帛之冠,入以见于君,出以践于朝。是其故何也,君说之,故臣为之也。昔者楚灵王好士细腰,故灵王之臣皆以一饭为节,胁息然后带,扶墙然后起。比期年,朝有黧黑之色。是其故何也?君说之,故臣能之也。昔越王句践好士之勇,教训其臣,和合之焚舟失火,试其士曰:‘越国之宝尽在此’。越王亲自鼓其士而进之。士闻鼓音,破碎乱行,蹈火而死者左右百人有余。越王击金而退之”。?

是故子墨子言曰:“乃若夫少食恶衣,杀身而为名,此天下百姓之所皆难也,若苟君说之,则众能为之。况兼相爱,交相利,与此异矣。夫爱人者,人亦从而爱之;利人者,人亦从而利之;恶人者,人亦从而恶之;害人者,人亦从而害之。此何难之有焉,特士不以为政而士不以为行故也。”今天下之君子,忠实欲天下之富而恶其贫,欲天下之治而恶其乱,当兼相爱,交相利,此圣王之法,天下之治道也,不可不务为也。”?

(《墨子兼爱中》,有删节)

1.对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是()

A.家之与家之相篡:劫夺?

B.人之与人之相贼:偷窃?

C.何以易:改变?

D.胁息然后带胁:收敛

2.下面句子中加点的词的意义和用法,不相同的一组是()

A.仁人之所以为事者,必兴天下之利,除去天下之害?强秦之所以不敢加兵于赵者,徒以吾两人在也

B.凡天下祸篡怨恨可使毋起者,以相爱生也?洎牧以谗诛,邯鄣为郡,惜其用武而不终也

C.昔者晋文公好士之恶衣?王无异于百姓之以王为爱也

D忠实欲天下之富而恶其贫?夫赵强而燕弱,而君幸于赵王

3.下面各项中每句话都能体现本文主旨的一项是()

①君臣相爱则惠忠,父子相爱则慈孝,兄弟相爱则和调。?

②强不执弱,众不劫寡,富不侮贫,贵不敖贱,诈不欺愚。?

③天下之士君子,特不识其利,辩其害故也。?

④夫爱人者,人亦从而爱之。?

⑤欲天下之治而恶其乱,当兼相爱,交相利。?

⑥此圣王之法,天下之治道也,不可不务为也。?

A.①②⑥B.①④⑤

C.②③⑤D.③④⑥

4.下列对本文的理解和分析,不正确的一项是()

A.文中的“仁人”主要是指那些对他人怀有仁爱之心、实施仁政的人。

B.本文借第三自然段士君子的质疑展开论说,阐述了“兼爱”的可行性,说理严密具有说服力。

C.“兼爱”的好处远大于迎合君主所得到的好处。士君子没有认识到这一点,这是识小利而不识大利。

D.本文第四自然段列举事例进行论证,夹叙夹议,说理深入浅出。

5.把文言文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(8分)?

(1)比期年,朝有黧黑之色。是其故何也?君说之,故臣能之也。?

译文:。

(2)利人者,人亦从而利之;恶人者,人亦从而恶之。?

译文:。

(3)此何难之有焉,特上不以为政而士不以为行故也。?

译文:

[参考答案]

当堂达标:

一、1、哲学家文学家道2、33代表作3、鲜明的对比奇特的想象

二、1、这(只)2、记载3、奚以……为?哪里用得着呢?或:何必……呢?4、饱的样子5、比

三、CE

四、(略)

五、拓展阅读

1.B2.A3.B4.C

5.(1)等到一年,朝廷的臣子饿得面有黑黄色。这是什么缘故呢?君主喜欢这样,所以臣子能这样做。

(2)有利于别人的人,别人也跟着做有利于他的事;憎恶别人的人,别人也跟着憎恶他。

(3)这样有什么困难呢?只不过是君王不用这样的方法施政而士人不用这样的方法行事的缘故。

文言文翻译参考:

墨子说:“仁人处理事务的原则,一定是为天下兴利除害,以此原则来处理事务。”既然如此,那么天下的利是什么,而天下的害又是什么呢?墨子说:“现在如国与国之间相互攻伐,家族与家族之间相互掠夺,人与人之间相互残害,君臣之间不相互施惠、效忠,父子之间不相互慈爱、孝敬,兄弟之间不相互融洽、协调,这就都是天下之害。”

既然如此,那么考察这些公害又是因何产生的呢?是因不相爱产生的吗?墨子说:“是因不相爱产生的。”现在的诸侯只知道爱自己的国家,不爱别人的国家,所以毫无忌惮地发动他自己国家的力量,去攻伐别人的国家。现在的家族宗主只知道爱自己的家族,而不爱别人的家族,因而毫无忌惮地发动他自己家族的力量,去掠夺别人的家族。现在的人只知道爱自己,而不爱别人,因而毫无忌惮地运用全身的力量去残害别人。所以诸侯不相爱,就必然发生野战;家族宗主不相爱,就必然相互掠夺;人与人不相爱,就必然相互残害;君与臣不相爱,就必然不相互施惠、效忠;父与子不相爱,就必然不相互慈爱、孝敬;兄与弟不相爱,就必然不相互融洽、协调。天下的人都不相爱,强大的就必然控制弱小的,富足的就必然欺侮贫困的,尊贵的就必然傲视卑贱的,狡猾的就必然欺骗愚笨的。举凡天下祸患、掠夺、埋怨、愤恨产生的原因,都是因不相爱而产生的。所以仁者认为它不对。既已认为不相爱不对,那用什么去改变它呢?墨子说道:“用人们全都相爱、交互得利的方法去改变它。”既然这样,那么人们全都相爱、交互得利应该怎样做呢?墨子说道:“看待别人国家就象自己的国家,看待别人的家族就象自己的家族,看待别人之身就象自己之身。”所以诸侯之间相爱,就不会发生野战;家族宗主之间相爱,就不会发生掠夺;人与人之间相爱就不会相互残害;君臣之间相爱,就会相互施惠、效忠;父子之间相爱,就会相互慈爱、孝敬;兄弟之间相爱,就会相互融洽、协调。天下的人都相爱,强大者就不会控制弱小者,人多者就不会强迫人少者,富足者就不会欺侮贫困者,尊贵者就不会傲视卑贱者,狡诈者就不会欺骗愚笨者。举凡天下的祸患、掠夺、埋怨、愤恨可以不使它产生的原因,是因为相爱而生产的。所以仁者称赞它。 然而现在天下的士君子们说:“对!兼爱固然是好的。即使如此,它也是天下一件难办而迂阔的事。”墨子说道:“天下的士君子们,只是不能辨明兼爱的益处、辨明兼爱的.原故。现在例如攻城野战,为成名而杀身,这都是天下的百姓难于做到的事。但假如君主喜欢,那么士众就能做到。而兼相爱、交相利与之相比,则是完全不同的(好事)。凡是爱别人的人,别人也随即爱他;有利于别人的人,别人也随即有利于他;憎恶别人的人,别人也随即憎恶他;损害别人的人,别人随即损害他。实行这种兼爱有什么困难呢?只是由于居上位的人不用它行之于政,士人不用它实之于行的缘故。”从前晋文公喜欢士人穿不好的衣服,所以文公的臣下都穿着母羊皮缝的裘,围着牛皮带来挂佩剑,头戴熟绢作的帽子,(这身打扮)进可以参见君上,出可以往来朝廷。这是什么缘故呢?因为君主喜欢这样,所以臣下就这样做。从前楚灵王喜欢细腰之人,所以灵王的臣下就吃一顿饭来节食,收着气然后才系上腰带,扶着墙然后才站得起来。等到一年,朝廷之臣都(饥瘦得)面有深黑之色。这是什么缘故呢?因为君主喜欢这样,所以臣下能做到这样。从前越王句践喜爱士兵勇猛,训练他的臣下时,先把他们集合起来,(然后)放火烧船,考验他的将士说:“越国的财宝全在这船里。”越王亲自擂鼓,让将士前进。将士听到鼓声,(争先恐后),打乱了队伍,蹈火而死的人,近臣达一百人有余。越王于是鸣金让他们退下。所以墨子说道:“象少吃饭、穿坏衣、杀身成名,这都是天下百姓难于做到的事。假如君主喜欢它,那么士众就能做到。何况兼相爱、交相利是与此不同的(好事)。爱别人的人,别人也随即爱他;有利于别人的人,别人也随即有利于他;憎恶别人的人,别人也随即憎恶他;损害别人的人,别人也随即损害他。这种兼爱有什么难实行的呢?只是居上位的人不用它行之于政,而士人不用它实之于行的缘故。”

然而现在天下的士君子们说:“对!兼爱固然是好的。即使如此,也不可能行之于事,就象要举起泰山越过黄河、济水一样。”墨子说道:“这比方不对。举起泰山而越过黄河、济水,可以说是强劲有力的了,但自古及今,没有人能做得到。而兼相爱,交相利与此相比则是完全不同的(可行之事)。

古时的圣王曾做到过。”怎么知道是这样呢?古时大禹治理天下,西边疏通了西河、渔窦,用来排泄渠水、孙水和皇水;北边疏通防水、原水、}水,使之注入召之邸和滹沱河,在黄河中的}柱山分流,凿开龙门以有利于燕、代、胡、貉与西河地区的人民。东边穿泄大陆的迂水,拦入孟诸泽,分为九条河,以此限制东土的洪水,用来利于冀州的人民。南边疏通长江、汉水、淮河、汝水,使之东流入海,以此灌注五湖之地,以利于荆楚、吴越和南夷的人民。这是大禹的事迹,我们现在要用这种精神来实行兼爱。从前周文王治理西土(指岐周),象太阳象月亮一样,射出的光辉照耀四方和西周大地。

他不倚仗大国而欺侮小国,不倚仗人多而欺侮鳏寡孤独,不倚仗强暴势力而掠夺农夫的粮食牲畜。上天眷顾文王的慈爱,所以年老无子的人得以寿终,孤苦无兄弟的人可以安聚于人们中间,幼小无父母的人有所依靠而长大成人。这是文王的事迹,我们现在应当用这种精神实行兼爱。从前武王将祭祀泰山,于是陈述说:“泰山!有道曾孙周王有祭事。现在(伐纣的)大事已成功,(太公、周、召)一批仁人起而相助,用以拯救商夏遗民及四方少数民族。即使是至亲,也不如仁人。万方之人有罪,由我一人承当。”这是说周武王的事迹,我们现在应当用这种精神实行兼爱。

所以墨子说道:“现在天下的君子,(如果)内心确实希望天下富足,而厌恶其贫穷;希望天下治理好,而厌恶其混乱,那就应当全都相爱、交互得利。这是圣王的常法,天下的治道,不可不努力去做。”

4.广东版必修2:《逍遥游》教案 篇四

人教版必修3

一、目标导航:

1.文化对人影响的表现 2.文化对人影响的特点 3.文化对塑造人生的作用

二、问题导学:

1.文化对人的影响具体体现在哪些方面? 2.文化对人的影响的特点具体有哪些? 3.文化从哪些方面塑造人生的?

4.当前,我国人民精神世界的主流思想是什么?

三、疑难点拨: 1.文化有独立性吗?

a.文化作为社会精神现象,离不开经济、政治。但文化一旦产生,就具有相对的独立性,有自身产生和发展的规律。

b.同时,正因为文化独立存在,才有可能与经济、政治相互影响、相互交融。2.文化发达,综合国力一定强盛吗?

a.文化在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用越来越突出,成为综合国力的重要标志。

b.我国要在激烈的综合国力竞争中立于不败之地,就要大力加强社会主义文化建设。但是,认为文化发达,综合国力一定强盛,则是绝对化了。综合国力是各种力量的合力,仅有文化发达是不够的。

3.面对精美的文化产品,人们的感慨既有差异,又有共同之处。你能否解释这是为什么吗? a.文化影响人们的实践活动、认识活动和思维方式。不同的文化环境、不同的知识素养、不同的价值观念,都会影响人们认识事物的角度以及认识的深度和广度。b.具有共同的兴趣和相同的知识水平的人对事物有着相似的看法或认识,而具有不同的文化背景或价值观的人,对事物则有着不同的看法和认识。因此,面对文化产品,人们的文化素养不同、思维方式不同,对文化产品认识的角度不同,就会得出不同的结论。4.文化对人的影响不是有形的、强制的。人能不能超脱文化的影响?

文化对人的影响一般不是有形的、强制的,但不能认为人可以超脱文化的影响。人总是生活在一定的文化氛围中,文化是一种精神力量,文化总是会对人发生潜移默化的影响。

五、过关检测:

(一)单项选择题

1.文化的影响是多种多样的。从人的发展看(B)

A、一定的文化给予经济和政治重大的影响和作用 B、文化影响人们的思维方式和交往方式

C、一定的经济和政治决定一定的文化 D、文化与经济政治 相互交融

2.文化影响人们的交往方式和思维方式,但不管哪种影响都具有以下的特点(C)①潜移默化的影响 ②深远持久的影响

③文化影响人们的实践活动和认识活动 ④文化能丰富人们的精神世界

A、①②

B、③④

C、①③

D、②④

3.文化是人创造的,文化又影响着每个人。文化对人的影响来自于(A)

①特定的文化环境 ②一定时期的政治生活

③各种形式的文化活动 ④一定阶段的经济活动

A、①②

B、①③

C、②④

D、①④ 4.文化影响着人们的实践活动和思维方式。其中实践活动、认识活动和思维方式的关系是(B)

A、文化环境和知识素养影响认识的广度和深度 B、价值观影响着人们的思维方式

C、思维方式在认识和实践的过程中形成,反过来又影响人们的认识和实践活动 D、体现各种文化影响的思维方式具有相对稳定的特点 5.文化对人的影响具有潜移默化的特点,一般不是(A)

A、有形的、强制的B、经济的、政治 的 C、潜在思维方式

D、看不见、摸不到

6.游览泰山时会发出“泰山真壮美”的感慨,对这句话的认识正确的是(A)

A、是一种文化体验

B、世界观、人生观和价值观 C、是一种知识积淀

D、是一种主观想象 7.漫步华盛顿唐人街,在华人开的餐馆里,经常会看到“生意兴隆通四海,财源茂盛达三江”的对联。这说明(A)

A、文化习俗对人的影响是深远持久的 B、文化对人的影响是潜移默化的 C、是为了吸引华人做生意 D、是一种经济现象

8.下列对文化塑造人生的理解正确的是,文化能(A)

①丰富人的精神世界

②增强人的精神力量

③促进人的全面发展 ④影响人的交往方式和交往行为

A、①②③

B、②③④

C、①③④

D、①②④

9.范仲淹遥想洞庭湖气象万千的景致,挥笔写下了“先天下之忧而忧,后天下人之乐而乐”的志向。这种诗句之所以会代代相传,是因为(B)

A、文化能影响人们的交往行为和交往方式

B、文化能丰富人的精神世界,增强人的精神力量

C、文化能影响经济和政治生活

D、凡是文化,都能促进人的全面发展 10培养健全人格的重要途径是(A)

A、积极参加健康有益的文化活动,不断丰富自身的精神世界 B、培养自主意识和竞争意识 C、思想解放和观念更新 D、增强感染力和感召力 11.下列能表现我国人民精神世界主流的是(C)①爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想 ③丰富 精神世界 ②科学文明、开拓进取 健康向上的思想观念和道德风尚 ④促进人的全面发展 A、①③ B、②④ C、①② D、①④

12.文化之所以能增强人的精神力量,是因为其(C)A、使人深受震撼、力量倍增 B、成为心灵的火炬、前进的旗帜 C、具有特殊的感染力和感召力 D、激励人们不断创造美好的生活

13.《义勇军进行曲》中“中化民族到了最危险的时候”是在鼓励人们(B)A、丰富精神世界 B、增强精神力量 C、促进人的全面发展 D、促进社会的全面发展 14.对人的全面发展的理解正确的是(A)A、是指人的思想道德素质、科学文化素质和健康素质等各个方面得到全面提高

B、是指人的精神境界的提高 C、是指人的道德品质的提高 D、是指经济社会的全面发展

15.文化影响人们的交往行为和交往方式,是因为(B)①价值观念不同 ②风俗习惯不同 ③文化程度不同 ④人们有不同的喜怒哀乐 A、①③④ B、①②③ C、①②④ D、②③④

16.秦始皇陵兵马俑被发掘后,美术家庆幸这一发现填补了秦代美术史的空白。将军们由此研究中国古代的兵法、兵器和军阵,冶金家感叹古代冶金技术的高超。不同人对此持有不同的反映,因为他们(C)A、时代和民族不同

B、地域和阶级不同

C、价值观和文化程度不同 D、使用的语言、符号、器物不同

17.中国人的名字是姓在前,名在后,而欧洲人的名字是名在前,姓在后.这是属于(B)的不同

A、交往方式的不同

B、思维方式的不同 C、实践活动的不同

D、感觉不同 18.在封建社会,君臣之间、主仆之间等,必须遵循封建等级制度,不可能采取平等的方式交往。这主要因为(C)

A.知识素养不同 B.风俗习惯不同 C.不同时代占统治地位的价值观不同 D.经济文化不同

19.文化影响是潜移默化的,但也不都是消极被动的接受的。这是因为,人们接受健康向上的文化时,往往是(B)

A、积极从事社会创造性活动

B、自觉学习、主动感悟文化熏陶的过程 C、展开丰富的主观想象

D、积极地道听途说

20.下列关于一个人的世界观、人生观和价值观的形成的说法,正确的是(B)①是在长期的生活和学习过程中形成的 ②是各种文化因素交互影响的结果

③是创造性思维

④是主观想象

A、①③

B、①②C、①④D、②④

(二)材料题

1.十八界三中全会指出,进入新世纪新阶段,面对改革发展稳定的繁重任务,面对世界各种思想文化的相互激荡,我们要更好地把全国各族人民的意志和力量凝聚起来,万众一心地为实现小康社会的宏伟目标而奋斗,就必须大力加强社会主义文化建设。

结合材料分析,当前我国为什么要大力加强社会主义文化建设?

第一,加强中国特色社会主义文化建设,能够为改革开放和现代化建设提供强有力的思想保证、精神动力和智力支持。

第二,文化对人的成长和社会发展具有重大影响。先进的健康的文化会促进社会的发展,中国特色的社会主义文化,开阔了人们的视野,促进了思想解放和观念更新。文化塑造人生,优秀文化能丰富人的精神世界,增强人的精神动力,促进人的全面发展。

第三,大力发展社会主义文化,是贯贯彻和落实“三个代表”重要思想的必然要求。

2.材料一,在一次评选20世纪对中国影响最大的文学作品的活动中,鲁迅的《呐喊》曹禺的《雷雨》雷锋的《雷锋的日记》和奥斯特洛夫斯基的《钢铁是怎样烧成的》等榜上有名。材料二,巴黎公社失败后,公社会委员欧仁.鲍狄埃写出了《国际歌》歌词。列宁说:一个有觉悟的工人,不管他来到哪个国家,不管命运把他抛到哪里,不管他怎么样感到自己是异国人,语言不通,举目无亲,远离祖国,他都可以凭这首歌的熟悉的曲调,给自己找到同志和朋友。

材料三,结婚送礼,以表达祝贺,这是民间的一种风俗。江西南部一个小山村有个习俗,无论是谁家办喜事,都会用一坛酒酿蛋,表示对最贵重贺礼的答谢。在最近一次的婚礼中,两本实用的农业科技忘本及10盘光盘却独占鳌头。当客人们表示诧异时,新娘回答说:现在大家都富裕起来了,科学技术、精神享受才是我们最大的追求。依据上材料,运用本课的内容,说说你对上述问题的看法。

答: 材料一说明:文化能丰富人的精神世界。人创造了文化,文化也在塑造人。同时也体现了人们对真善美的追求,积极学习这些 进步的文化,进行文化赏析,也是塑造健全人格的过程。

材料二说明:文化对人的塑造还表现在优秀文化作品总能以其特有的感染力和号召力,使人深受震撼、力量倍增、成为照亮人们心灵的为炬、引信人们前进的旗帜。而由此产生的精神力量,往往历久不衰,激励人们不断创造美好的新生活。

5.广东版必修2:《逍遥游》教案 篇五

Period 1: A sample lesson plan for Reading

(IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM)

Aims:

To read about cultural relics

To learn about The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause

I. Warming up

Warming up by defining

Good morning, class. This period we are going to read about IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM. Before our reading, I’d like to know:

A. What kind of old things are cultural relics?

B. Are all the old things cultural relics?

C. What is the definition and classification of cultural relics?

D. To whom do cultural relics belong?

Keys for reference:

A. Cultural relics are physical remainders of what different peoples valued in the past and continue to value now. It can also be said that cultural relics are more than works of art, they are symbols of history and the people who lived in the past.

B. No, not all the old objects are cultural relics.

C. Each kind of relics preserves some aspect of cultural heritage and each relic is still a unique cultural expression and contributions.

D. In a larger sense, it can be said that all the cultural relics belong to all peoples and whole societies, not a certain individual.

Warming up by presenting

Hi, everyone. Let’s look at the screen. I’ll present you some pictures. They all belong to cultural relics. Some of them are cultural sites. Some of them are natural sites. Please think these over:

A. Can you name them out?

B. Who have the right to confirm and classify them?

Keys for reference:

A. They are cultural sites: The Great wall; The Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang; The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors; The Mogao Cave. These are natural sites: The Jiu Zhai Gou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area; The Huang Long Scenic and Histioric Interest Area. The following are cultural and natural sites: Mount Taishan; Mount Huangshan; Mount WuYi.

B. Only an international professional organization from UN has the authority to confirm and classify them.

Warming up by discussing

Now, boys and girls, I met a “moral dilemma”. That means I must make a choice between the interests of the family and the interests of the society. Things are like this: My old granny happened to find an ancient vase under the tree in the earth of our garden. It’s so beautiful and special. Now, my family fell into a moral dilemma. Can you help us to make a decision:

A: What should we do?

B: Can we keep it for ourselves or report it to the government?

C: Have you come across such a situation - to make a difficult choice?

Keys: ABC questions can be answered in all kinds of ways. The answers are flexible.

II. Pre-reading

1. Looking and saying

Work in pairs. Look at the photos on the screen. All these relics are quite beautiful. But some of them were lost and ruined in history,such as Yuan MingYuan and the Amber Room. Please guess:

A. What kinds of things can result in their disappearing?

B. Why do they come into being once again?

Keys for reference:

A. Maybe wars, natural disasters, and time have damaged or destroyed them, getting them lost and changed. Many of them were even stolen and hidden while nobody knows who, where and how.

B. People get to know these. If these relics could not be found again, they would be rebuilt by people.

2. Explaining and sharing

Work in groups of four. Tell your group mates:

A. What do you know about the substance of “amber”?

B. What do you know about the cultural relics “the Amber Room”?

Keys for reference:

I am from group 2. From the knowledge we got from biology and chemistry, we know “amber” is a semi-precious stone used in jewelry and art world. Amber is really the fossil form of resin from trees. It has got its shape after a process that has taken millions of years to complete. Trees in very ancient forests produced this resin, which slowly dropped from trees and was buried. Trees use resin to protect themselves from disease and harm caused by insects and fungi.

I am from group 6. From the information of history legends and news reports, we know the Amber Room is a room built by lots of ambers. It was a gift given to Peter the Great, the King of Russia, by the King of Prussia, Frederick William I. It was given the name because almost thousand tons of natural ambers were used to make it. But during the second world war in 1941, the Nazi German army secretly stole the Amber Room and sent boxes of the Amber Room on a train to a German city. After that, what really happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.

III. Reading

1. Reading aloud to the recording

Now please listen and read aloud to the recording of the text IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM. Pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence. I will play the tape twice and you shall read aloud twice, too.

2. Skimming and identifying the general idea of each paragraph

Now please skim the text to get the key words and general idea of each paragraph.

1st paragraph the introduction about the Amber Room: design, colour, shape, material

2nd paragraph the present to the Czar: a part of winter palace in St. Petersburg, a reception hall for important visitor

3rd Paragraph the relocating of the Amber Room in Catherir Ⅱ times: moved into Summer Palace, more added to its design

4th Paragraph the missing of the Amber Room: the two countries were at war, Nazi German army stole the Amber Room, 27 wooden boxes were trained to a German city, Nobody knew it from then on

5th Paragraph the rebuilding of the Amber Room: a new one but the same as the old built by the two countries, for celebrating the 300th birthday of Peterburg

3.Scanning and analyzing the characteristics of the text.

Since you have got to know the general ideas of each paragraph, can you tell me the characteristics of the passage, such as, the type of writing, the way of narrating, and the tense?

Keys for reference:

This piece of passage is a narrative prose or non-fiction article written in a narrating style. It tells the history of Amber Room in the order of time so that we can clearly learn about what happened to it. The tense used in the text is past tense.

4.Reading and understanding

Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.

Collocations from IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM

look into…, be used to…, make the design for the room, in fact, as a gift of…, add more details to…, remove… from the search for…,belong to…, feel as hard as stone, the fancy style, be made for…, in return, one of the great wonders, art objects, look much like…, give the name, be made into any shape, be made with gold and jewels, be made to be a gift, serve as…, at war, remain a mystery, be ready for…

5. Reading and transferring information

Read the text again to complete the table, which lists all the numbers in the text.

NUMBER MEANING

1716 Frederic William gave the Amber Room to Peter the Great as a gift.

1770 Catherine Ⅱ had completed the adding to the Amber Room in this year.

1941 The Nazi German army stole the Amber Room in this year.

The rebuilding of the Amber Room was completed in this year.

7000 Tons The total weight of the ambers used to make the room.

55 The number of soldiers given to the king of Russia in return.

600 The number of the candles lighting the Amber Room.

2 The two countries: German and Russia.

2 In two days the Amber Room was removed to a German city.

100,000 The Amber Room was dismantled into 100,000 pieces

27 27 wooden boxes were used to contain the pieces of Amber Room.

300th The newly rebuilt Amber Room was ready for the 300th birthday of St Peterburg city

6.Reading and learning

Read the text and learn more about the following proper nouns. You can surf on the website after class:

Names of people Names of places

Frederick Ⅰ Prussia

Frederick William Ⅰ St.Peterburg

Peter the Great Konigsberg

Catherine Ⅱ Winter Palace

Summer Palace

Ⅳ Closing down

Closing down by doing exercises

To end the lesson you are to do the comprehending exercises No. 1 and No. 2.

Closing down by having a discussion

A. Can you imagine the fate of the Amber Room? What is it?

B. Do you think if it is worthwhile to reproduce the Amber Room? Why?

Keys for reference:

A. I have no idea about the fate of the Amber Room. Because anything can happen to it. Maybe it was destroyed at war in the fighting fire. You see, ambers can be melted easily. Maybe it was kept secretly by somebody who had died without telling about it to anyone else. So maybe it is lying somewhere quietly.

B. I think it is worthwhile to reproduce the Amber Room. Because it represents the culture and a period of history in St. Petersburg. It is a trace and feature surviving from a past age and serving to remind people of a lost time.

Closing down by retelling the story of the Amber Room

Well, all of us have learned the history of the Amber Room. Let’s recall some key words and expressions on the board. You are to retell the story of the Amber Room:

Colour Style Shape

owner present move to winter palace

add to more details remove to pieces

put on trains remain a mystery 300th birthday

Period 2: A lesson plan for Learning about Language

(The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause)

Aims:

To learn about the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause

To discover some useful words and expressions

To discover some useful structures

Procedures:

I. Warming up

Warming up by discovering useful words and expressions

Please turn to page 3. Do exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4 first. Please check your answers against your classmates’.

Warming up by explaining

Now, class, since you’ve read the passage, could you explain to me how to use the phrase “belong to”? The word “to” here is a preposition, indicating the possession, and is always followed by nouns or pronoun. Look at Ex 3. The preposition “at” indicates a state, condition or continuous activity. So we can replace them or express them by using a present-continuous tense.

II. Learning about Attributive Clause

1. What is an adjective Clause?

An adjective clause is a dependent clause which takes the place of an adjective in another clause or phrase. Like an adjective, an adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun, answering questions like “which?” or “what kind of?” Consider the following examples:

Adjective

the red coat

Adjective clause

the coat which I bought yesterday

Like the word “red” in the first example, the dependent clause “which I bought yesterday” in the second example modifies the noun “coat.” Note that an adjective clause usually comes after what it modifies, while an adjective usually comes before.

In formal writing, an adjective clause begins with the relative pronouns “who(m),” “that,” or “which.” In informal writing or speech, you may leave out the relative pronoun when it is not the subject of the adjective clause, but you should usually include the relative pronoun in formal, academic writing:

informal

The books people read were mainly religious.

formal

The books that people read were mainly religious.

informal

Some firefighters never meet the people they save.

formal

Some firefighters never meet the people whom they save.

Here are some more examples of adjective clauses:

the meat which they ate was tainted

This clause modifies the noun “meat” and answers the question “which meat?”.

They’re talking about the movie which made him cry

This clause modifies the noun “movie” and answers the question “which movie?”.

They are searching for the student who borrowed the book

The clause modifies the pronoun “student” and answers the question “which student?”.

Did I tell you about the author whom I met?

The clause modifies the noun “author” and answers the question “which author?”.

2. Restrictive & non restrictive clauses

Do the following pairs of sentences mean the same thing?

1a My uncle, who lives in London, is very rich.

2b My uncle who lives in London is very rich.

2a The policies, which were unpopular, were rejected by the voters.

2b The policies which were unpopular were rejected by the voters.

3a My niece, whose husband is out of work, will inherit the house, which I have always treasured.

3b My niece whose husband is out of work will inherit the house which I have always treasured.

The first sentence in each pair has a non-restrictive clause within two commas, and the second has a restrictive clause. A non-restrictive clause simply adds more information into the sentence and does not affect the meaning of the main clause: it is therefore bracketed off with commas (1a = an uncle who happens to live in London). Conversely, a restrictive clause defines its referent in the main clause more specifically and contributes significantly to the meaning of the sentence. Thus it is that particular uncle who lives in London who is referred to (1b). In 2a, all policies were unpopular and all were rejected, whereas in 2b only the policies that were unpopular were rejected. Note that in restrictive clauses the non-human relative pronoun is either ‘that’ or ‘which’, whereas for human referents the relative pronoun can be either ‘who/m’ or ‘that’ (the man that/whom I will marry ....).

3. A test on FORMAL ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Directions: Combine the sentences. Use formal written English.

Use (b) as an adjective clause. Punctuate carefully.

1) (a) An antecedent is a word. (b) A pronoun refers to this word.

An antecedent ____

2) (a) The blue whale is considered the largest animal that has ever lived.(b) It can grow to 100 feet and 150 tons.

The blue whale ____

3) (a) The plane was met by a crowd of 300. (b) Some of them had been waiting for more than 4 hours.

The plane ____

4) (a) In this paper, I will describe the basic process.(b) Raw cotton becomes cotton thread by this process.

In this paper, I will describe ____

5) (a) The researchers are doing case studies of people to determine the importance of heredity in health and longevity.(b) These people’s families have a history of high blood pressure and heart disease.

The researchers are doing case studies ____

6) (a) At the end of this month, scientists at the institute will conduct their AIDS research. (b) The results of this research will be published within 6 months.

At the end of this month, scientists ____

7) (a) According to many education officials, ‘math phobia’(that is, a fear of mathematics) is a widespread problem. (b) A solution to this problem must and can be found.

According to many education officials, ‘math phobia’ ____

8) (a) The art museum hopes to hire a new administrator.

(b) Under this person’s direction it will be able to purchase significant pieces of art.

The art museum ____

9) (a) The giant anteater licks up ants for its dinner.

(b) Its tongue is longer than 30 centimeters (12 inches).

The giant anteater ____

10) (a) The anteater’s tongue is sticky.

(b) It can go in and out of its mouth 160 times a minute.

The anteater’s tongue ____

III. Closing down by taking a quiz

Quiz on Attributive clause

Select one answer from the choices provided after each sentence. The words you choose should fit the blank in the sentence. Don’t use the HINT buttons unless you really need them.

1. As many children came were given some cakes.

A. that B. as C. who D. whom

2. The visitors saw rows of houses the roofs are red.

A. on which B. of which C. where D. that

3. I usually take a nap after lunch, is my habit.

A. which it B. as it C. as D. that

4. Please tell me the way you did the job.

A. how B. where C. which D. in which

5 Is this museum some German friends visited the day before yesterday?

A. the one B. which C. that D. where

6. The farmer uses wood to build a house to store grain.

A. in which B. where C. that D. with which

7. I shall never forget the years I spent in the country with the farmers, has a great effect on my life.

A. when, which B. that, which C. when, that D. which, that

8. Little has been done is helpful to our work.

A. that B. what C. which D. all that

9. Perhaps this is the only market you can get such cheap goods.

A. that B. of which C. by which D. where

10. We’ll put off the outing until next week, __ we won’t be so busy.

A. when B. which C. at which D. in that

Key: 1~10:BBCDA ABADA

Period 3: A lesson plan for using language

Aims:

To learn to tell facts from opinions

To write a reply letter

To listen and speak about cultural relics

Procedures

I. Warming up

Warming up by questions

Morning, class. We always say, “We must respect facts and can’t wholly depend on one’s opinions”. But can you tell me:

A. What does it mean when you say, “It is a fact”?

B. What does it mean when you say, “It is an opinion”?

Keys for reference:

A. A fact must be real, objective and without any personal judgment. So it can be proved.

B. An option always expresses one’s own ideas. It is always subjunctive. So it has not been proved.

Warming up by questioning

Turn to page 5. Read the passage and tell me:

A. If you want to go in for law against somebody, and if you want to win, what’s the most important thing you should do first?

B. What makes a judge decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.

Keys for reference:

A. Searching for facts of course. The more, the better.

B. The evidences offered by the eyewitnesses make the judge decide which one is believable and which is not.

II. Guided reading

1. Reading and defining

Read the passage and define: What is a fact? What is an opinion? What is an evidence?

2. Reading and translating

Read the passage and translate it into Chinese paragraph by paragraph. Tom, you are to do paragraph 1, please…

3. Reading and underlining

Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the part. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.

Collocation from Using Language on page 5

in a trial, rather than, …more than…, to tell the truth, agree with, It can be proved that …, no reason to lie, a reply to a letter, think highly of, search for, return the treasure to, cost them a lot of time and money

4. Listening

Now, boys and girls, as we know, people have never stopped searching for the Amber Room. This time we’ll listen to what three people say they know about the missing Amber Room. Before we listen to them, I’ll present some related new words to you to help you understand them easily. Please look at the screen and read after me.

explode vt. 爆炸, Czch n. 捷克, mayor n. 市长, melt vt. 熔化, sub (sub marine) n. 潜水艇,水雷, survivor n. 幸存者, Titanic n. 泰坦尼克船

5. Sharing and Correcting

Well done. Now share your forms with your partner and tell me in the three forms: What are facts? What are opinions? Li Ming, do you want a try?

Keys: What they heard, saw, did are facts. And what they believe are opinions.

6. Reviewing

We often use some expressions to ask for opinions. What are they?

Oh, yes. What do you think of …?

Do you believe …?

How can you be sure of …?

How do you know that?

And we often use some expressions to give opinions. What are they? Ok, Tom, Please. Oh, yes. They are: I think… / I don’t think… I don’t agree that… / I suppose that…

7. Discussing

Please look at exercise 3, and discuss which person gave the best evidence. Use the expressions above to help you. Before we discuss, let’s deal with the following discussion:

A. What is the best evidence?

B. How can we know which eyewitness is most believable?

Keys:

A. The best evidence is factual and is given by a person who is believable.

B. The most believable eyewitness is the one who has nothing to gain from telling a lie.

Well done. Let’s come to the discussion “Which person gave the best evidence?”

Keys fore reference:

Jan Hasek is less believable because he owns a little restaurant near the mine. If the search stopped, his business would suffer.

Hans Braun is also less believable because he is working for a company trying to find the ship which carried the treasures in the Baltic sea.

Of the three eyewitnesses, only Anna Petrov has no selfish reason for saying what she has said. In particular, she is not involved in any current effort to find the treasure. Therefore she is the most believable.

8. Reading and writing

Sometimes we may fall into or face a moral choice. That is a moral dilemma. Let’s read the letter on page 7 and see what’s Johann’s choice and opinion. Ok, finished? Now answer the following questions:

A. What’s Johann’s opinion about the Amber Room?

B. What’s his father’s opinion about the things found by him?

C. What happened to Johann when she was a pupil?

Keys:

A. Johann thinks the people who find the Amber Room should keep it for them own.

B. His father thinks as Johann does.

C. She found a little money and kept it to himself.

9. Completing the letters A & B and then giving your own letters

When you write your letter, you may choose to agree or not agree with the writer.

You must give a reason why you agree or don’t agree with the writer.

Be sure to give an example from your own life so that the reader can better understand your opinion.

Ⅲ Closing down

Closing down by a debating

There is a long ancient wall around a less developed town.

It is reported it has a long history, dating back to over 5 century BC. The local government is collecting money to repair and rebuild the wall. It has cost a lot of money. Some of your classmates think it is not worth. Some think it’s a good way to develop the local economy. Now Group 1 and 2 against Group 3 and 4. Let’s have the debating.

Closing down by dictation

The design for the room was of the fancy style popular in those days.

The room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.

The man who found the relics insist that it belongs to his family.

The room was completed the way she wanted it .

It was ready for the people of St. Petersburg to celebrate the 300th birthday of their city.

After that, what really happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.

In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.

Is it something that more than one person believes?

A fact is anything that can be proved.

An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved.

Part Two: Teaching Resources (教学资源)

Section 1: A text structure analysis of IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM

I. Type of writing and summary of the idea

Type of writing This is a piece of narrative writing.

Main idea of the passage The history of the Amber Room

General idea of 1st Para The simple description of the Amber Room

General idea of 2nd Para The present sent to the Czar

General idea of 3rd Para The detail adding and relocating of the Amber Room

General idea of 4th Para The stolen of the Amber Room in World War Ⅱ

General idea of 5th Para The rebuilding of the Amber Room

II. A tree diagram

The Amber Room: the best and biggest work of country’s best Prussian artists

Para.1

Section 2: Background information on culture relics

I. What is a culture relic? 何谓 “文化遗产”?

Cultural relics are physical reminders of what different peoples valued in the past and continue to value now. Without these relics, we could not cherish cultural traditions as much or appreciate the lives of the people who practiced those traditions. Although we may not often consider it, cultural relics are not only the possession of one culture. In a larger sense, it can be said that they belong to all peoples. For these reasons, this unit describes cultural relics not from China but other places. Looking at it from another angle, it can also be said that cultural relics preserves some aspect of cultural heritage and each relic, regardless of whether the same hands created many examples of it, is still a unique cultural expression and contribution.

II. The cultural relics of China in the world heritage site list《世界文化遗产名录》中的30处中国文遗产

本单元的主题是“文化遗产”,学生很可能已经亲身接触过当地的文化遗产,或是能过电视、报纸等媒体对此有了一定的了解,因此,在课前教师可让学生列举国内外著名的文化遗产,然后对“文化遗产”给出定义、分类或划分标准。到底,我国已有30处文物古迹和自然景观被联合国科教文组织世界遗产委员会列入《世界遗产名录》,以下是这些文化遗产的名称、性质和列人《世界遗产名录》的年份:

◆Mount Taishan(泰山),listed as a world cultural and natural site in 1987.

◆The Great Wall(长城),cultural site, 1987.

◆The Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang(北京故宫、沈阳故宫),cultural site, 1987,.

◆The Mogao Caves(敦煌莫高窟),cultural site,1987.

◆The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors(泰始皇陵及兵马俑坑),cultural site,1987.

◆The Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian(周口店北京猿人遗址),cultural site,1987.

◆Mount Huangshan(黄山),cultural and natural site,1990.

◆The Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area(九寨沟风景名胜区),natural site,1992.

◆The Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area(黄龙风景名胜区),natural site,1992.

◆The Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area (武陵源风景名胜区),natural site,1992.

◆The Mountain Resort and its Outline Temple, Chengde(河北承德避暑山庄及周围寺庙),cultural site,1994.

◆The Temple and Cemeter of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu (曲阜孔府、孔庙、孔林),cultural site,1994.

◆The Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains(武当山古建筑群),cultural site,1994.

◆Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa(西藏布达拉宫),cultural site,1994.

◆The Lushan National Park(庐山),cultural site,1996.

◆Mount Emei and the Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area(峨眉山一乐山大佛风景名胜区),cultural and natural site.1996.

◆The Ancient City of Pingyao(平遥古城),cultural site,.

◆The Classical Gardens of Suzhou(苏州园林),cultural site,1997.

◆The Old Town of Lijiang(丽江古城),cultural site,1997.

◆The Summer Palace(颐和园),cultural site,.

◆The Temple of heaven:an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing(天坛),cultural site,1998.

◆Dazu Rock Carvings(大足石刻),cultural site, .

◆Mount Wuyi(武夷山),cultural and natural site,1999.

◆Mount Qincheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System(青城山一都江堰),cultural site,2000.

◆Aucient Villages in Southern Anhui-Xidi and Hongcun(安徽古村落一西递、宏村),cultural site,2000.

◆Longmen Grottoes(龙门石窟),cultural site,2000.

◆Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties(明清皇家陵寝),cultural site 2000.

◆Yungang Grottoes(云冈石窟),cultural site,.

◆Three Parallel Rivers of Yunan Protected Areas,natural site(三江并流),2003.

◆Capital cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom(高句丽的王城、王陵和贵族墓葬),cultural site,2004.

Section 3: Words and expressions from Unit I Cultural Relics

cultural

adj. 文化的 a cultural independence / cultural exchange

relic

n. sth. old that reminds us of the past遗迹;古物 unearthed cultural / a relic of early civilization

survive

vt.&vi. to continue to live, esp. after coming close to death; to continue to live after…幸免于;幸存;……之后还活着 survive the traffic accident / survive all her children

remain

vi. 1. to stay or be left behind after others have gone or been removed停留;留居;留下When the others had gone, Mary remained and put back the furniture.2. to continue to be( in an unchanged state)继续;依然remain young / remain to be uncompleted; Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman. If you won’t eat you’ll just have to remain hungry! 3. It remains to be seen: we shall know later on.情况仍未明,要看怎样发展。

state

n. 国家;政府;州;状态 state schools / state documents /in a poor state of health

look into: to examine the meaning or causes of考察,调查 look into the matter / look into the event

rare

adj. 稀罕的;稀有的;珍贵的 the rare air of the mountains / rare metals / a rare book

dynasty

n. 朝代;王朝 the Qing Dynasty / the Tudor dynasty in England

belong to

to be the property of; to be a member of; to be connected with属于;为……的一员;与……有关系belong to a club / belong to a class / belong to me

in search of 寻找 in search of the cure to the disease / in search of the lost boy

amber

n. adj. 琥珀;琥珀制的;琥珀色的 the amber traffic lights / a decoration of amber

gift

n. 赠品;礼物;天赋 birthday gifts / gift vouchers / a gift for music

melt

vt. vi. (使)融化;(使)熔化 melt the snow / melt the anger /melt in water

heat

n. vt. 热;热度;把……加热;使激动 the body heat/ the heat of a debate/ heat soup for lunch

design

n. a plan in the mind; a drawing or pattern showing how sth. is to be made设计;图案 vt. to imagine and plan out in the mind设计;构思 curious in design / make a design for a monument; design an engine / design dresses for a queen

fancy

adj.奇特的;异样的(无最高级和比较级)vt.想象;设想;爱好 a fancy price / fancy goods / fancy his coming /fancy herself still young

style

n.风格;风度;类型 do things in style / in the style of / out of style.

jewel

n.珠宝;宝石 precious jewels / a jewel necklace

in return(for): in exchange (for); in payment (for)作为交换;报答;酬谢 in return for her kindness / in return for his gilt

light

vt. vi 点火,照亮 light a cigarette / light a torch/ light sb. on his way

mirror

n. 镜子;反映 a driving mirror / look in the mirror/ a mirror of the times

wonder

n. 奇迹;惊奇 the wonders of nature/ It’s no wonder. /in wonder

at war 处于交战状态 be at war / have been at war for long

remove

vt. to take away(from a place); take off移动;脱掉;除去remove the cloth from the table / remove one’s hat; You’ve got to remove your shoes before you enter the room.

furniture

n.家具(总称)much furniture / a lot of furniture /a set of furniture/ a piece of furniture

secretly

adv.秘密地;背地里 have a talk secretly/ take an action secretly

wooden

adj. 木制的 a wooden bridge/ a wooden chair

doubt

n. 怀疑;疑惑;vt.怀疑;不信 there is no doubt about sb./ sth./ no doubt/ …not doubt that / …doubt whether

mystery

n.神秘;神秘的事物 make a mystery of matter / dive into the mysteries of

apart

adv. 分离;分别地 miles apart / stand apart / keep apart from take apart 拆开 take apart the machine / take sb. apart

trial

n.审判;审问;试验 hold a trial / trial by a military court / give sb. a trial

consider

vt.1. to think about; examine考虑;思考I’m considering changing my job. We’ve decided to move and are considering a new house in Beijing. 2. to regard as认为I consider you a fool. I consider it a great honour to be here with you today. The boss considered Tom (to be) too lazy to be a good worker. 3. to take into account顾及;考虑到;If you consider (the fact) that she’s only been studying English a year, she speaks it very well.

opinion n.意见;看法;判断 give one’s opinion / in one’s opinion / depend on one’s opinion

evidence n.根据;证据;证物 evidence for his guilt/ call sb. for evidence/ material evidence/ verbal evidence

prove vt. 证明;证实 vi. 原来是;证明是 prove its truth / prove sb to be / be proved to be

pretend vt.假装;装扮 pretend to be / pretend that

think highly of 看重;器重 think highly of his deeds / think highly of his character

treasure n.财宝;财富;珍品 a store of hidden treasure / collect many treasures

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