主谓一致讲稿

主谓一致讲稿（通用7篇）

1.主谓一致讲稿 篇一

一、含义

一）句子中谓语动词的数必须与主语的数保持一致。

二）三原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。

二、语法一致原则

主语的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。

一）主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。

The results of the research are to be published soon.His suggestion has been accepted.二）复合不定代词someone，anyone，everyone，nobody，something，anything，everything，nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数。

If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call me.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.三）each of+名词复数作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；但名词复数+each作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

Each of the students has an apple.The students each have an apple.四）代词all作主语，若指人，谓语动词用复数；若指事物或现象，谓语动词用单数。

All are equal before the law.All is well that ends well.五）不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。如：

Serving the people is my great happiness.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.三、意义一致原则

一）形式为单数但意义为复数概念的词，如police，cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数。

The police have not made any arrests.二）“the+adj/分词”或者“the+姓氏复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数。

The rich are to help the poor.The Greens are going to London.三）English, Chinese, Japanese等与the连用时表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

The Chinese are kind and friendly.四）以-s结尾名词，如news, maths, plastic及以-ics结尾的学科名称名词，如physics, politics等做主语，谓语动词必须用单数。

Physics is my favorite subject.Bad news has wings.五）单复数同形的名词sheep, deer, means, works等作主语，谓语动词的数与实际意义一致。

Three sheep are eating grass there

A sheep is lying there.六）family, class, group, team，audience, committee, government, team等有生命意义的集体名词做主语时，如强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如被看作组成该集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数。

The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.The class are doing experiments.四、就近原则

or, either… or…, neither… nor…, not only… but also…, not…but…在句子中连接并列主语的时候或者在there be句型中，谓语动词要和离它最近的主语保持一致。

eg: Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.

2.主谓一致讲稿 篇二

一、语法一致原则

语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数，谓语动词要用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。

1.当and或both…and…连接两个或两个以上名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

Tom and Mike are good friends.

Both Lucy and Lily are students.

但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式。

The poet and writer has come.

这位诗人兼作家已经来了。

2.以单数名词或不定代词、动词不定式短语，v+ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数；

Everyone is ready for the math exam.

To see is to believe.

Staying up late is bad for your health

3.在下列结构中，谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致。

together with,along with或with,

besides/but/except+B+谓语动词+其它，A+as well as,

together with,along with或with,

including,

rather than,

like

The women with two children is my aunt

注意：主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语，谓语要与主语保持一致。

Mr Smith,followed by his wife and three children,has just arrived.

二、意义一致原则

（一）谓语动词为单数的情况

1.every…and(every)…each…and(each)…

no…and(no)…many a…and(many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Every desk and every chair is made of wood

Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.

2.one/every one/each/either/the number of复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Each of the students has a book.

The number of the teachers in our school is 170.

3.clothing,furniture,traffi c,jewelery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数

Clothing is badly needed in this fl ooded area.

4.news,maths,physics,politics等词貌似复数，实为单数的名词作主语，其谓语动词用单数。

Maths is my favorite subject.

5.当表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报刊、杂志及组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

The New York Times is reading all over the United States,《纽约时报》

The United States is the second largest country in the world.

6.表示时间、距离、重量、价格、度量衡等名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.

One hundred miles was covered in a single night.

7.表示“……加（减、乘或除）……等于……”结构作主语、谓语动词用单数形式。

What’s one hundred and one hundred?

Three thousand times two is six thousand.

8.非谓语动词，名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Eating too much is bad for you health.

（二）谓语动词为复数的情况

Who will teach us English next term is important for me.

1.trousers,clothes,glasses,compasses（圆规），chopsticks,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

—what color are Jim’s trousers?

—They’re brown

注意：当trousers,clothes,compasses,chopsticks前有a pair of短语时，谓语动词则用单数形式。

This pair of glasses is Mr Green’s.

2.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

The Olympic Games are held once every four years.

3.people,police,cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

The police are looking for the missing child.

4.“the+形容词”表一类，作主语，谓语动词用复数。

The old are taken good care of.

5.English,Chinese,Japanese等与the连用时表示复数意义，作主语时谓语动词用复数。

The English speak English.

The Chinese are kind and friendly.

6.a number of/quantities of/a group of+名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。

A number of students are playing basketball now.

（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定

1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语，强调整体用单数，如果表示集体中的成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。

My family is a small one with three people

My family are music lovers.

2.不定代词由all,most,more,some any,none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。

All of the work has been fi nished.

All of the people have gone.

3.“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数、百分数+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。

Part of the work has been done by us.

Ten percent of the apples were bad.

注意：population作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants.

4.“none of+名词”作主语，名词为不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；名词为可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。

None of them has/have arrived.

三、就近邻近一致原则

1.由or,either…or,neither…not…not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的主语的名词的单复数保持一致。

Not only he but also I am invited.

Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.

注意：在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。

(1)You or he to blame.你或他有一个要受责备。

(2)you or he to blame?受责备的是你还是他？

A.is Is B.are Are C.is Are D.are is

根据以上规则正确答案为C

2.There be结构或Here be结构后跟并列主语，谓语动词be在数上应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

There are two pictures and a map of China on the wall.

There is a map of China and two pictures on the wall.

注意：由as well as,with,together with,but,except等构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数取决于前面的主语。

Mr Hu together with his friends goes shopping every Sunday.

练习：

一、改错。

1.Both paper and ink is used up.

2.Eating too much are bad for your health.

3.This pair of shoes are my brother’s.

4.Each of the boys have a dictionary.

5.Every one of the students in Class Two have two books.

6.I think maths are very diffi cult to learn.7.A large number of students has gone to work in Xingjiang.8.The mother with two children often go to the town.

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。

9._____(be)everything OK?

10.Nobody__(know)the answer to the question.

11.Ten divided by two____(be)fi ve.

12.Most of the drinking water___(be)from the Black River.

13.Not only she but also I___(do)morning exercises every day.

14.Either you or she______(have)made a wrong decision.

15.The family______(be)spending the weekend together.

16.Bread and butter_(be)her daily breakfast.

17.The police_(be)trying to catch the thief.

Keys:

一、改错。

1.is改为are 2.are改为is 3.are改为is

4.have改为has 5.have改为has 6.are改为is

7.has改为have 8.go改为goes

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。

9.Is 10.knows 11.is

12.is 13.do 14.has

3.主谓一致问题 篇三

1.语法形式上一致

主语为单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词则用复数形式。主语和谓语须在人称和数的变化上保持一致。例如：

The number of the students present is 500.

出席的学生数量为500人。

Mike and I are classmates. 迈克和我是同学。

2.意义上一致

主语形式虽为单数，但意义上为复数(如people, police, cattle等)，谓语动词要用复数；相反，主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数(如news, maths等)，谓语动词则用单数。例如：

Our family were having supper at that time.

我们家人那时正在吃晚饭。

Bad news travels fast. 坏事传千里。

3.就近原则

句子有多个并列主语时，谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。如连词or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…连接的并列主语。例如：

Not only you but also she is good at English.

不仅你，而且她也擅长英语。

Either you or your sister knows this.

或者你，或者你姐姐知道这件事。

二、主谓一致的具体情况与应用

1.名词作主语时的主谓一致

(1)family, team, class, club, company, crew, enemy, crowd, government等一些集体名词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词则用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

His family is a happy one. 他家是个快乐的家庭。(强调整体)

The whole family are watching TV. 全家人正在看电视。(强调个体)

(2)一些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。例如：

The police are searching for the thief. 警察正在搜捕小偷。

(3)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。例如：

Three years has passed since then. 此后，三年已过。

(4)不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接多个主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如：

Every boy and every girl has a book in their bags.

每个男孩和每个女孩书包里都有一本书。

(5)如果主语由more than one…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如：

More than one child has read the book. 不止一个小孩读过这本书。

Many a teacher has been there. 许多老师去过那里。

但是，“more+复数名词+than one”结构作主语时，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。例如：

More members than one are against your plan.

不止一个成员反对你的计划。

(6)一些由两个部分构成表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语由“a kind of, a pair of, a series of+名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：

A pair of trousers was on the bed. 一条裤子在床上。

(7)短语this kind of book(=a book of this kind)(这种书),其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语)(这一类人),其中this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数；all kinds of后跟复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

This kind of men is dangerous.=Men of this kind are dangerous.

这类人很危险。

(8)单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之谓语用复数。这类名词有：means(方法），works(工厂), species(种类), Chinese, Japanese等。例如：

The glass works was set up in 1998. 这家玻璃厂建于1998年。

The (These) glass works are near the railway station.

这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。

(9)如果名词词组中心词是all, most, half, rest等词语，所指的是复数意义。谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。例如：

All of my classmates like music. 我的同学们都喜欢音乐。

All of the water is gone. 所有的水都消失了。

2.代词作主语时的主谓一致

不定代词any, either, neither, none, all, some等作主语时，有以下两种情况：

(1)单独作主语时，根据在文中的意义，动词可用单数也可用复数形式。例如：

Now all has been changed. 现在一切都变了。

All are present at the meeting. 所有的人都出席了会议。

但either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。

(2)不定代词后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词要用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。例如：

Does any of them know the secret? 他们中有人知道这个秘密吗？

None of the students has/have been there before.

以前没有一个学生去过那里。

3.名词化的形容词作主语时的主谓一致

主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构充当时，谓语通常用复数，如：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the oppressed, the wounded, the unemployed等，但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个体，则谓语用单数。例如：

The rich are to help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。

The wounded was a young boy. 受伤的是一个年轻的小伙子。

4.分数、量词作主语时的主谓一致

(1)“分数或百分数+名词” 构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面表示量的词是修饰语。例如：

About three-fifths of the building’s surface is painted red.

大楼表面大约3/5的部分被涂成了红色。

Eighty percent of the students are here for a visit.

80%的学生是来此参观的。

注意：①“a number of+名词复数”作主语时谓语用复数，但是“the number of+名词复数”的中心词却是number，谓语用单数。试比较：

A number of the cars are new. 许多汽车是新的。

The number of the cars running on the streets is quite large.

在街上行驶的汽车的数量非常大。

②large quantities of 可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如：

Large quantities of food/books were put on the table.

大量的食物(书)在桌上放着。

(2)a great deal of, a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。例如：

A large amount of money was spent on books.

大笔的钱花在了书本上。

Large amounts of information were supplied to the villagers.

大量的信息提供给了村民。

(3)在表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

One and a half apples was left on the table.

桌上剩下了一个半苹果。

(4)half of, (a) part of修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时谓语动词用复数。例如：

Half of the water is polluted. 有一半的水被污染了。

Part of the students were absent. 有部分同学缺席。

5.由连接词连接的名词作主语时的主谓一致

(1)用and或both…and…连接并列主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如：

Water and bread are what I want. 水和面包是我想要的。

但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如：

Truth and honesty is the best policy. 诚信为上策。

The tenth and last chapter is the most interesting.

第十章，即最后一章是最有趣的。

(2)当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如：

The father as well as his daughters and sons was sitting in the living room watching TV.

父亲和子女们正一起坐在客厅里看电视。

(3) 以or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接的名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。例如：

Tom or his brothers are talking to the manager.

汤姆或者是他的兄弟们正在与经理谈话。

Either they or Mary is to go there. 或者他们，或者玛丽得去那里。

6.从句作主语时的主谓一致

单个从句作主语时通常用作单数；多个从句作主语时则用作复数；由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容具有复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如：

What we need is more time and more material.

我们所需要的是更多的时间和材料。

4.高中英语主谓一致 篇四

主谓一致

考点知识清单

“一致”是指句子之间或词语之间在人称、数、性等方面保持的协调关系。在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语与谓语动词之间数的一致。谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致，这就叫主谓一致。

在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。有时，主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和其最近的主语保持一致。

知识梳理

考点一

单数名词作主语时的主谓一致

单数名词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式，但是有些单数名词形式却含有复数意义，这时谓语动词要用复数形式。

1．集合名词与谓语动词的一致

(1)集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如表示成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有：army，audience，class，club，committee，company，crowd，family，group，government，organization，party，personnel，public，staff，team，union，crew等。如：

pl们a的yi足n球g 队w踢e得ll很.好。Our football team is 我n gt hbeant hcso manindg a back he．re for supperOur football team are havrie我们的足球队员们正在洗澡，然后将回到这吃晚饭。



er我y的 l家ar庭g很e大。My family is v．His family are wait．in他g的 f家o人r 在hi等m他。



The personnel are unhappy about these changes．所有职员都对这些变革不满意。

注意

若以上集合名词表示组成该集合体的分散个体时，与其对应的人称代词也应该使用they，them或their。如：

My family did all they could for me．

我的家人为我做了他们所能做的一切。

The audience were waving their hands．

观众都挥舞着他们的手。

(2)但是有些集合名词．如：cattle，folk，people，police，poultry(家禽)等作主语，总是跟复数动词形式。如：

The people hope to live a happy life．人民希望过上好日子。

The police have caught the criminal．警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。

Cattle feed on grass．牛以草为食。

(3)有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：

My luggage was sent by air．我的行李是航空邮寄的。

The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain．我们工厂的设备都是从英国进口的。

The furniture in my room is old now．现在我屋里的家具旧了。

2．单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致

单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。常见的这部分名词有aircraft，crossroads，deer，fish，headquarters。means，series，sheep，species，works等。如：

The crossroads is／are dangerous．这个(些)十字路口很危险。

Every means has been tried．各种方法都试过了。

All possible means have been tried．所有可能的方法都试过了。

A steel works has just been built there．那儿刚建了一座钢厂。

Lots of aircraft were sent there．很多飞机被派往那儿。

注意

fishes表示“各种各样的鱼”。

3．表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：

His black trousers are too long．他的黑裤子太长。Your glasses are on your nose．你的眼镜在你鼻梁上。

若这类名词与pair连用时，谓语动词往往与pair一致。如：

This pair of compasses is made in Beijing．这副圆规是北京制造的。

A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now．现在一副眼镜值很多钱。

There are two pairs of gloves on the desk．桌上有两副手套。

考点二

复数名词作主语时的主谓一致

1．以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名作主语时的主谓一致

以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名(如billiards台球)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：

Roots was a novel about a slave family．《根》是一本有关奴隶家庭的小说。

Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories．《一千零一夜》充满了有趣的故事。

2．表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词作主语时的主谓一致

表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：

The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean．菲律宾群岛位于太平洋。

Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America．

落基山脉坐落在北美洲西部。

3．以-ics结尾的名词的主谓一致

以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。但是，当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。如：

economics经济学

electronics电子学

physics物理学

politics政治学

mathematics数学

statistics统计学

His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend．

他的政治观点是他的朋友关心的问题。

Politics is his favorite subject．政治学是他最喜欢的学科。

Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the United States end in divorce． 统计数字表明，大约百分之四十的美国人的婚姻以离婚而告终。

Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn．统计学是一门很难学的课程。

注意

①plastics(塑料)作主语时，其谓语动词大都采用复数形式。如：

Plastics have taken the place of many materials now．

如今塑料已取代了许多材料。

plastics表示“塑料学”时，其谓语动词只能使用单数形式。如：

Plastics is an important branch of chemistry．塑料学是化学的一个重要分支。

②名词clothes，works(作“著作”讲)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games的谓语动词律律用复数。如：

Clothes keep people warm．衣服使人保暖。

His works have been translated into several foreign languages．

他的著作已经被翻译成了好几种外语。

若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可与不定冠词a或数词连用。

若表示“一部作品”用a work，“两部作品”用two works。

考点三

“名词(或代词)+介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致

1．有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语，该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。如：

Several theories on this subject have been proposed．

关于这个学科的几种理论已经有人提出。

The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly．

对森林大火的危险不可掉以轻心。

2．当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。如：

The rock singer，along with his bodyguard，was rushed away from the theater．

这位摇滚歌星被他的保镖保护着迅速地跑出了剧院。

Mr．Robbins，accompanied by his wife and children，is arriving tonight． 罗伯逊先生在夫人和孩子的陪伴下今晚到达。My license，rather than my credit cards，was lost．

是我的驾驶执照而不是我的信用卡丢了。

No one but your parents was there then．除了你的父母，当时那里没人。

Mr Green besides his daughters likes sports．格林先生和他的女儿都喜欢体育。

Tom，together with Mary and Alice，is going to swim this afternoon．

汤姆，玛丽和艾丽丝今天下午将一起去游泳。

考点四

“名词(或代词)+of+名词”作主语时的主谓一致

1．由“some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，part of，the remainder of或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。如：

Most of the teachers are against the proposal．大部分教师反对这个提议。

Some of the students are for the plan．有些学生赞同这个计划。

The rest of the lecture is dull．讲座的其余部分是枯燥的。

The rest of the bicycles are on sale today．剩余的自行车今天出售。

Half of the apple is rotten．这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。

Half of the apples are rotten．这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。

Masses of information has been revealed．大量的情报已被泄露出去了。Masses of books are kept in the library．图书馆里存放有很多的书。

About one third of the books are worth reading.大约三分之一的书值得一读。Over 30％ of the students were absent from the meeting．

超过百分之三十的学生没有参加这个会。

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea．地球表面的四分之三是海。

Only 40％ of the work was done yesterday．昨天只完成了百分之四十的工作。

注意

当上面有些词单独作主语时，其主谓语一致关系一般要遵循意义一致的原则。如：

All was silent．万籁俱寂。

All were silent．大家都静默着。

Thirty people in my class are Arabs and the remainder are Canadians．

我们班有30个学生是阿拉伯人，剩下的是加拿大人。

All has been tried．一切都试过了。

All are here now．大家都到齐了。

注意

population表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式，但当后面出现复数名词与其呼应时，谓语动词最好用复数形式。如：

The population of Canada is about 29 million．

加拿大的人口约为2 900万。

Just under a third of the population now smokes／smoke in this country．

在这个国家目前吸烟人数不到总人口的三分之一。

About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants．

这个国家大约百分之八十的人口是农民。

2．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词+of this kind”等，以及由与kind意义相似的type，sort，form，part，piece，section等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。如：

A kind of birds has been discovered by them．他们发现了一种鸟。A part of the book is not interesting．这本书里有一部分内容没趣。Parts of the book are very instructive． 这本书有几部分内容很有教育意义。

These are two different forms of the same thing．

这些是同一事物两种不同的形式。

This kind of apples is highly priced.种苹果定价很高。Apples of this kind are． highly priced

3．当none of后面接的是可数名词时，谓语动词用单复数都可以；如接的是不可数名词，就只能用单数形式。但是当either／neither of...构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式(在口语中也可视为复数)。如：

None of them is／are aware of the danger．他们中没有人意识到那个危险。

None of the money was paid to me．连一分钱也没有付给我。

Either of the girls is Ann’s sister．那两个女孩中有一个是安的姐姐。

Neither of them is going to give up the chance．

他们两个都不打算放弃那个机会。

4．当“a number of／a variety of／varieties of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但“the number of(表数目)和the variety of(表种类)等+可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：

A number of new houses have been built there．在那儿已建起许多新房子。

There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop． 那个商店出售各种各样的商品。

The number of the people who know the secret is very limited． 知道这个秘密的人数很有限。

The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising．

那个商店商品的品种多得惊人。

5．“a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。

“large amounts of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。

“a large quantity of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。

“a large quantity of+复数名词”作主语，谓语常用复数。

“large quantities of+不可数名词／复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。

“a good／great deal of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。

A large amount of clean water is wasted every day．

每天有大量干净的水被浪费掉。

Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market．

大量的资金投在当地的市场上。

Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year．

这个城市每年要消费大量的啤酒。

A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge．

很多钱花在建这座桥上。

A large quantity of materials were spent on the building．

建这个大楼耗费了大量的建筑材料。

A good deal of work has to be done today．今天有大量的工作要做。

考点五

由并列连词连接的名词作主语时的主谓一致

1．由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如：

Mr．and Mrs．Smith are engineers．史密斯夫妇是工程师。

Fire and water do not agree．水火不相容。

Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop，店里出售咖啡和啤酒。

注意

如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。如：

The teacher and writer is her friend．

这位教师兼作家是她的朋友。

比较

cda ucgo．hltdMy friend and lawyer has a我的律师，同样也是我的朋友，得了重感冒。a vceo ．lcdaught a baMy friend and my lawyer hd我的朋友和我的律师两人都得了重感冒。

两个名词前都加冠词或其他限定词，则谓语动词要用复数形式。

常作为一个整体概念来看待的组合有下面这些，谓语用单数。

bread and butter黄油面包

bread and cheese涂奶酪的面包

a knife and fork一副刀叉

a watch and chain一只系有表带的手表

a cart and horse一辆马车

needle and thread针线

law and order法律和秩序

Bread and butter is her favourite food.黄油面包是她最喜欢吃的食物。

Trial and error is the source of our knowledge．

反复实验(不断摸索)是我们知识的来源。

Time and tide waits for no man．岁月不待人。

The stars and stripes is the national flag of USA．星条旗是美国国旗。

2．由and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every，each，no，many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．

每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。

Every hour and(every)minute is important．每一小时或每一分钟都很重要。

No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it．

没有一位雇主和雇员知道如何处理这件事。

Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much．

许多老师和学生很喜欢这本书。

3．or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等连接的并列成分作主语时，根据就近一致的原则处理。离谓语动词近的主语部分是单数，就用单数；离谓语动词近的主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数。如：

Either the teacher or the students are to blame．或者老师或者学生们应受到指责。

Not only the students but also their teacher doesn’t know about it．

不仅学生们不知道这件事，他们的老师也不知道。He or I am to do it．这事或者他去做或者我去做。

Neither you nor I．nor anybody else knows how to do it． 无论是你，我还是其他任何人都不知道怎么做。

4．主语由肯定否定两部分构成时，谓语与肯定的一致。如：

Not you but I am to answer for it．／I，not you，am to answer for it．

对此负责的是我而不是你。

考点六

名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致

．what从句作主语时的主谓一致

what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果其后是系表结构，表语为复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

What she said is correct．她说的是正确的。

What he gave me are five English books．他给我的是5本英语书。

What he needs is money．他需要的是钱。

2．that等其他词引导的名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致

由that等其他词引导的名词性从句作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。如： That he is a spy is true．千真万确，他是一个间谍。

Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．

他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。

Who is responsible for the accident is not clear．

还不太清楚谁对这场事故负责。

考点七

动名词或不定式短语作主语时的主谓一致

单个动名词短语或不定式作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：

Playing with fire is dangerous．玩火危险。

Your giving up the chance was a great surprise to us．

你放弃这个机会使我们大家都非常吃惊。

若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：

Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit．早起早睡是个好习惯。

When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided．

何时何地建大楼还未定下来。

Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life．

犯错误和学会改正错误是生活的一部分。

What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program．你所吃的与你锻炼的量对你的减肥计划都是重要的因素。

考点八

某些表示数量的名词词组作主语时的主谓一致

1．当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，往往可根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。如：

Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt．25美元买那件衬衣太贵了。

Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test．50分钟完成这个测试是不够的。

Ten miles seems like a long walk to me．对我来说，10英里步行似乎很远。

2．在四则运算中，谓语动词多用单数，也有用复数的。减法和除法常用单数。

Two and ten is／are twelve．2加10等于12。

Two times eight is／are sixteen．2乘以8等于16。minus 12 is 6．18减12等于6。

Two hundred and sixty-one divided by nine equals twenty-nine．261除以9等于29。

考点九

名词化的形容词作主语时的主谓一致

1．当某些形容词和过去分词同定冠词the连用表示某类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；当某些形容词同定冠词连用表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

The poor live a hard life．穷人的日子不好过。

The sick and wounded were sent home．病人和伤员被送回家。

the poor穷人

the living活着的人 the rich富人

the dead死人

the wounded伤员

the young年轻人 The beautiful lives forever．美是永存的。

The old gives place to the new．新陈代谢。

但是，也有例外的情况。有些形容词加上定冠词也可指一个人。如在句中指一个人时，谓语动词用单数。如：

The accused asked the judge for mercy．被告请求法官宽恕。

2．以-sh，-ch和-ese等结尾的表示“国家的，民族的”这类形容词与定冠词the连用，表示整个民族，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类词有：the Chinese，the English，the British，the French，the Japanese，the Dutch，the Polish，the Swedish等。如：

The Chinese are hard-working．中国人是勤劳的。

The English are said to be conservative．据说英国人是保守的。

The Chinese are kind and friendly．中国人民友好善良。

比较

That Chinese is a singer．那个中国人是个歌唱家。

Chinese is a beautiful language．汉语是一种优美的语言。

考点十

there be结构中的主谓一致

there be结构中的主谓一致关系，谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致。如：

There is a book，two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk．

桌子上有一本书、两支圆珠笔和几个笔记本。

There are four chairs and a table in the room．房间里摆有4把椅子和一张桌子。

考点十一

不定代词each, one, no one, somebody等词作主语时的主谓一致

不定代词“each，one，no one，some(any，no，every)+body(one或thing)”在句中作主

语或作限定词时，谓语动词一律用单数形式。如：

Each boy gets a prize．每个孩子都得到了奖品。

Every dog has his day．人人都有得意的时候。

Someone wants to buy the house．有人要买这所房子。

Everything is ready，isn’t it?一切都准备好了，是吧?

Each of the books costs five yuan.每本书五块钱。

Somebody is using the phone．有人在用着电话。

He has two sons．One is a teacher；the other is an engineer．

他有两个儿子。一个是老师，另一个是工程师。

注意

each，all，both用作同位语时，谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致。如：

We each have an English-Chinese dictionary．

我们每人有一本英汉词典。

The students are all hardworking．这些学生都很勤奋。

They both like pop music．他们俩都喜欢流行音乐。

考点十二

其他主谓一致情况

1．倒装句中的主谓一致

在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如：

On the wall are some famous paintings．墙上有一些著名的画。

Between the two windows hangs a picture．两扇窗户间有一幅画。

2．表示数量的“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，其谓语要用单数形式。如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table．桌子上还剩有一个半香蕉。

One and a half hours is enough．一个半小时足够了。

3．“a／an+单数名词+or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：

A student or two has failed the exam．一两个学生考试不及格。

“one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：

One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon．

昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。

4．在“It+be+被强调部分+that／who...”结构中，be用单数形式is或was，如被强调部分是主语，that／who后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。如：

It is I who am a student．我是学生。

It is they who have worked there for five years．是他们在那儿工作了5年。

5．定语从句中，关系代词who，which，that等作主语时，其人称和数的变化随先行词而定。如：

Those who have seen the film please put up your hands．看过这部电影的人请举手。

The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman．

在会上讲话的人是我们的主席。

6．who，which，what等疑问代词及such作主语时，谓语动词要根据其后的名词表语来决定其单复数形式。如：

Who is the girl over there?那边的那个女孩是谁?

Who are the girls over there?那边那些女孩子是谁?

Which is your book，this one or that one?哪本是你的书，这本还是那本?

Such is my plan．这就是我的计划。

Such are his words．这就是他的话。

7．“the majority of+复数名词”作主语时，用复数谓语。the majority单独作主语时，谓语既可用单数，也可用复数形式。如：

The majority of boys like football．大多数男孩喜爱足球。

The majority was／were in favour of banning smoking．大多数人支持禁烟。

The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio．多数人喜欢电视胜过广播。

8．“an average of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“平均有……”；“the average of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“……的平均数”。如：

An average of 3，000 people come to visit this famous school every year．

每年平均有三千人来这所名校参观。

The average of 14，3 and 1 is 6．14，3和1的平均数是6。

9．“a total of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“总共有……”；“the total of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“……的总数”。如：

A total of 300 letters were received last month 上个月总共收到了三百封信。

The total of letters received last month was 300．上个月收到的信总数是三百封。

10．当man(人类)，the world(世界上的人，人类)作主语时，谓语用单数。如：

Only man knows how to cook．只有人类懂得烹饪。

Only man is capable of speech+只有人类才具有说话的能力。

All the world knows that the earth is round．世界上的人都知道地球是圆的。11．“more+复数名词+than one”结构谓语常用复数。如： More members than one have protested against the plan． 反对这项提议的会员不止一个。

12．当many a...或more than one+名词作主语时，尽管其意义是复数概念，但它的谓语动词仍采取单数形式。如：

Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose．

许多人认为没有目的的生活是毫无意义的。

More than one person is involved in the matter．不止一人卷入到这件事中。

13．在“one+of／in／out of+复数名词”结构中，一般采用语法一致的原则，即用单数动词。如果one改成two，three等数词，谓语用复数。

One of the students in our class is from Tibet．我们班有一位学生来自西藏。

One in／out of twenty was badly damaged．每二十个中有一个严重受损。

Three in／out of ten students have failed in the exam．

每十个学生中就有三个考试不过关。

方法技巧清单

方法技巧

方法一

分清主语，用准谓语

1．主语后跟with，together with，along with，but，except，besides，as well as，rather than，including，no less than，as much as等短语时，谓语应与前面的主语保持一致。

2．动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

3．确定倒装句谓语的单复数要找准主语。

[例1] A perfect gift with many flowers _______ _to the beautiful girl．

A．is sent

B．are sent

C．has sent

D．has been sent

[解析] 句子的真正主语为a perfect gift，所以谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式；根据题干大意此处要用现在完成时态。

[答案] D

[例2] In my opinion，What Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng _______ _good to our country’s international position．

A．did do does

B．did does do

C．does did do

D．do do did

[解析] 句子的主语是what引导的主语从句，即：what Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng did。谓语动词用单数，借助于助动词does强调谓语，后用动词原形do。

[答案] B

[例3] Next to me sat an old lady and a country girl who _______ __looking at the foreigners in the air．

A．are

B．is

C．were D．was

[解析] 本句是倒装句，an old lady and a country girl是主句的主语，也是who引导的定语从句的先行词。定语从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。

[答案] C

方法二

分清并列连词

1．两个单数名词(主语)用and或both...and...连接时，谓语用复数，但要注意前后两个名词都带有冠词。

2.并列主语由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...，not...but...等连接时，谓语动词常与邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致。

[例1] Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary _______ __planning to go．

A．is

B．was

C．are

D．has been

[解析] 由连接词either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词必须和紧靠它的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。此题中的谓语动词应和Peter and Mary一致，故谓语动词用复数are，因此C是正确的。

[答案] C

[例2] The writer and the educator _______ __visited our school．

A．have

B．has

C．had

D.are

[解析] The writer and the educator是两个人，谓语动词用复数。句意：那位作家和那位教育家参观了我们的学校。如果换成The writer and educator，就是一个人了，即“那位作家兼教育家”，谓语动词用单数。

[答案] A

方法三

记熟一些习惯用法

1．“many a以及more than one+单数名词”作主语．谓语用单数。

2．“a／an+单数名词+or two”作主语，谓语用单数；而“one or two+复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。3．不定代词anybody，anything，something，everybody，no one，nothing等作主语，谓语用单数。4．表示“时间、距离、价格”等复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。5．“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。

6．each...and each...；every...and every...；no...and no...；many a...and many a...等作主语时，谓语用单数。

7．“分数或百分数+of+名词”作主语，谓语与of后的名词保持数的一致。

[例1]

_______ _of the land in that district _______ __covered with trees and grass．

A．Two fifth；is

B．Two fifth；are

C．Two fifths；is

D．Two fifths；are

[解析] 首先“五分之二”应为two fifths，故答案应为C、D中的一个；当“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数要与of后的名词保持数的一致，这里的名词是the land。

[答案] C

[例2] The number of the students of this school _______ __large．

A．are

B．are not

C．isn’t

D．aren’t

[解析] 在“the number of+复数名词”的结构中，“of+复数名词”的介词短语作后置定语，the number是中心名词，所以谓语动词应用单数形式。

[答案] C

[例3] Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who _______ __to visit the museum _______ _asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning．

A．are；are

B．is；is

C．are；is

D．is；are

[解析] 本题是一个带有定语从句的复合句，定语从句修饰的是teachers，关系词在从句中作主语，应与先行词的数保持一致，故从句谓语用复数。句子主语是Every boy and every girl，当主语后面跟有with，together with，as well as等连接的词时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。every...and every...作主语，谓语用单数。

5.语法讲座之主谓一致 篇五

1、定义：所谓“主谓一致”，就是指谓语在人称和数上必须受主语的人称和数的支配。这是英语和汉语在构句里的又一迥异之处。

2、主谓一致的种类：

⑴ 语法形式上的一致

主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式，谓语动词为复数形式。如：

I often help him and he often helps me. 我经常帮助他，他经常帮助我。

We often help each other and learn from each other.我们经常互相帮助，互相学习。

⑵ 意义上的一致

a.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：

The crowd were surrounding the government official. 人群包围住了这位政府官员。

单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle等。如：

The Chinese people are brave and hard-working. 中国人民勇敢而又勤劳。

b.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：

Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860. 《远大前程》是查尔斯狄更斯1860年所著。

形复意单的单词有：news，works 和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称(如：“The Selected Poems of Li Bai”，the United States, the United Nations)以及以ics结尾的学科名称(如：physics，politics，maths，economics等)。

⑶ 就近原则

就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

a. 并列主语用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接，谓语应同相邻的主语保持人称和数的一致。如：

Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.

不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。

Are either you or he wrong? 要么是你错，要么是他错吗?

b. 在there be 表存在的句式中，主语是两个或多个名词(短语)的并列时，be 的形式与最前边的一个名词(短语)一致。如：

There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.

═ There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。

C. 副词或介词短语在句首的倒装句中，必须认准哪是主语。如：

Between the two buildings stands a monument. 两幢楼之间耸立着一块纪念碑。

On the ship were over 2,200 people. More than 1,500 people lost their lives. Among those was the young woman. 船上有2,2001人, 1,500多人丧生，这位年轻妇女也在其中。

重点疑难

名词作主语

1、某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

My family is large. 我的家庭是个大家庭。 (看作一整体)

My family all like music. 我的家人都喜欢音乐。 (指家庭中一个个成员之和)

属于这类的集体名词还有：audience, class, club, company, crew, crowd, group, government,party, public, staff 等。

名词population一词的使用情况类似。如：

The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 地球上的人口数增长很快 。

One third of the population in this country enjoy drinking coffee. 这国三分之二的人喜欢喝咖啡。

“a group(crowd) of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。

2、单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之，谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), works(工厂), Chinese, Japanese等。如：

Every means has been tried out without much result.每一种方法都试过了却没什么结果。

All means have been tried out without much result. 所有方法都试过了却没什么结果。

This shoe works was set up in 1980. 这家鞋厂建于1980年。

Those shoe works were all set up in 1980. 这些鞋厂都建于1980年。

当它们前面有a, such a, this, that修饰时，谓语用单数;有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数。

3、名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：

My doctors is not far from my home. 我的家庭医生诊所离我家不远。

My uncles is just across the street. 我叔叔家在街对面。

常见的省略名词有：the bakers, the barbers, the carpenters, the Smiths 等等。

表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但作主语时，谓语动词常常用复数。如：

Richardsons have a lot of goods to sell. Richardson的店里有许多货可卖。

4、当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。

Two hundred dollars gives Jack much help. 两百美元帮了Jack大忙。

5、如果主语有more than one… 或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍然用单数形式。如：

More than one comrade has asked to stay. 不止一位同志已经要求留下。

Many a passenger was killed in the accident. 许多乘客在这一次事故中丧生。

但是“more+复数名词+than one”结构及“more than one hundred+复数名词”结构之后，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：

More members than one are against your plan. 不止一位成员反对你的计划。

6、不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词及each…and each…, every…and every…, no…and no…, many a …and many a…结构作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：

Every man and every woman is at work. 所有男的和女的都在工作。

Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall. 许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。

7、表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如与a kind of, a pair of, the pair of, a series of 连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

The trousers are in the drawer. 裤子在抽屉里。

There is a pair of shoes under the bed. 有一双鞋在床下。

The pair of shoes is rather expensive. 这双袜子很贵。

8、this kind of book ═ a book of this kind (这种书)，其谓语动词用单数;短语this kind of books═ books of this kind═ these kind of books(口语)(这类书)，但this kind of books作主语时，谓语动词用单数;books of this kind 和these kind of books作主语时，谓语动词用复数。all/these kinds of 后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

This kind of books is very popular with young people. 这类书很受年轻人欢迎。

Books of this kind are very popular with young people.这类书很受年轻人欢迎。

These kind of parties are dangerous. 这类政党很危险。

All kinds of flowers have come out in the valley. 山谷里各种各样的花已竞相开放。

9、如果名词词组的中心词是all, most, rest, some, neither, none, no等词，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式;反之用单数。如：

Some of the pigeons have been missing. 一些鸽子已经不见了。

Some of the ice has melted so far. 迄今已有一些冰融化掉了。

All of the water in the area has been seriously polluted. 这地区所有的水都已受严重污染。

All of the books have been sold out. 所有的书都已被卖完了。

None of us have been there. 我们没人去过那里。

None of the stolen money has been found yet. 被偷的钱至今一点也未找到。

The rest of the students are watering trees. 其余的学生正在浇树。

The rest of the wine has gone bad. 剩下的酒已经变质了。

B. 由连接词连接的名词作主语

1、用and或both…and连接并列主语，表示不同概念，谓语动词常用复数。如：

You and he both stand up. 你和他都站了起来。

Water and air are both important. 水和空气都很重要。

Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不待人。

但并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时，即指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。

英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：

⑴ 相关名词并列表示整体概念。如：

iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安 bread and butter 黄油面包

⑵ 配套事物。如：

a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a needle and thread针线 a coat and tie配有领带的上衣

A knife and fork is needed for a western meal. 吃西餐时要用刀和叉。

The cart and horse is coming. 马车来了。

⑶ 表示兼职或有多个称呼的人。如：

the worker and poet 这位工人兼诗人

The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。

⑷ 两个完全重合的概念并列。如：

aim and end 目的 truth and honesty 真诚

capacity and efficiency 效能 love and affection 情感

To love and to be loved is the great happiness.爱与被爱是幸福。

Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是好习惯。

2、当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。如：

Your father as well as you is very kind to me. 不仅你而且你的父亲对我都非常好。

He, like you and Xiao Li, is very clever. 他象你和小李一样非常聪明。

Mr Robbins, together with his wife and children, is leaving London for Paris. Robbins先生明天将和妻子和孩子离开伦敦去巴黎。

C. 代词作主语

1、名词性物主代词作主语时，根据它所替代的是单数还是复数来确定谓语动词的单、复数。如：

Theirs (their classroom) is a big classroom. 他们的教室是一个大教室。

Your trousers are black and mine are brown. 你的裤子是黑色的，我的是棕色的。

2、such, the same起指示代词作用，应根据其所指的内容来确定单、复数。如：

Such is our plan. 这就是我们的计划。Such are my hopes. 这些就是我的愿望。

3、关系代词which, who, that在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与其前的先行词的数保持一致。如：

Those who want to go should sign your names here. 那些想去的人在这儿签上你们的名字。

He is one of the students who are good at maths. 他是那些擅长数学的学生中的一位。

He is the only one of the children who often speaks ill of others behind their backs. 他是这些孩子中唯一经常在背后讲别人坏话的人。

4、疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可以根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：

Who lives next door? Its Xiao Liu.

Who live next door? Its Zhang and Liu.

5、不定代词any, either, neither,none, all, some, more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：

单独作主语，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。例如：

Now all has been changed. All are present at the meeting.

either, neither单独作主语，谓语通常用单数。

但是后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，谓语动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更为常用。如：

Do (Does) any of them know English? 他们中有人懂英语吗?

None of them like (likes) football. 他们中没人喜欢足球。

D. 分数、量词作主语

1、“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, a heap of, heaps of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：

More than 70 percent of the surface of ouor planet is covered by water. 我们星球的表面百分之七十多都被水覆盖着。

One third of the students are girls in our group. 我们队三分之一的学生是女生。

注意： a large quantity of 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，其短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，而(large) quantities of修饰可数名词或不可数名词，其短语作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。如：

A large quantity of people is needed here. 这儿需要大批人。

Large quantities of food have rotten away. 大量食物都已经腐烂了。

短语in quantity, in large quanities意为“大量的”;in small quantities意为“少量的”。

2、a great deal of/ a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但large amounts of 修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：

A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway. 很多大米通过铁路从乡下运往城市。

Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 许多前都花在这座桥的建设上了。

3、a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数：the number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：

A number of students are going for a picnic this weekend. 这个周末许多学生将去野炊。

The number of days in February this year is 28. 今年二月份的天数是二十八天。

4、one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

One and a half bananas has been eaten by the child. 这孩子已经吃了一根半香蕉。

5、half of, (a) part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：

Half of the building is finished. 这幢大楼已经建了一半。

Part of the glasses in the store are made in Suzhou. 店里部分玻璃杯是苏州产的。

E. 名词化的形容词作主语

“the+形容词(或过去分词或现在分词)”如：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the wounded, the injured, the unemployed, the dying, the living 等结构担任主语表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式;但也有少数的形容词或过去分词与定冠词连用指个别或表示抽象的概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：

The young are more active than the old in the work. 做这项工作青年人比老年人积极。

The injured in the accident is an engineer. 在这次事故中受伤的那人是位工程师。

The beautiful attracts all the tourists.美景吸引住了所有的游客。

F. 动名词、不定式短语和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think. 学一门外语并不象你想象的那么难。

Smoking is bad for health. 吸烟有害健康。

That he has won the game is known to us all. 他赢了这场比赛是我们众所周知的事。

但what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：

What we need is more time. 我们需要的是更多的时间。

What we need are good teachers. 我们需要的是好老师。

专项练习

单项选择题：

1.The whole class _____ the teacher attentively.

A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening

2. The League secretary and monitor _____ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

3. He played on the _____ for two hours and when he returned he found half his goods _____ stolen.

A. sand; were B. sand; was C. sands; were D. sands; was

4. _____ can be done _____ been done.

A. All; have B. All that; have C. All; has D. All that; has

5. About 40 _____ of the population of that country _____ on farms.

A. percent; lives B. percent; live C. percents; live D. percents; lives

6. The Olympic Games _____ held every _____ years.

A. is; four B. are; four C. is; five D. are; five

7. No one but her parents _____ it.

A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing

8. The results of the examination _____ that you have all made great _____ .

A.show; progress B.shows; progress C.show; progresses D.shows; progresses

9. No bird and no beast _____ in the lonely island.

A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees

10.Here _____ a new pair of shoes for you.

A. is B. are C. have D. has

单句改错题：

1. Your family is very kind. Ill never forget the favor youve done me.

2. When and where to build the new school havent been decided.

3. Three quarters of the land is covered with green grass while the rest are covered with pine trees.

4. Not even one of the hundred students who took the test have passed.

5. On each side of the street stands a lot of trees.

6. There seem to be a knife and fork on the table.

7. The students in our school each has known the meaning of WTO.

8. The number of people who own cars are increasing.

9. Such people as he is to be punished.

10.It were Tom and John who played a trick on the old man.

(答案：一、1. A 2. B 3.C 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A

二、1. is-are 2. havent-hasnt 3. are-is 4. have-has 5. stands-stand

6.高中英语主谓一致课件 篇六

就近一致

故事：就近有一只猫和三百只老鼠在玩耍，在我看来，或者猫或者老鼠是要死的，可实际上，猫既没有把老鼠吃掉，老鼠也没有把猫整死，在长期的进化中，不仅是猫而且老鼠也知道了友善，他们彼此和谐相处了。不是猫，而是老鼠认为世界该变一变了。

译文：There is a cat and three mice playing in the yard.

解析：there be 句子是倒装结构，其中be的数的变化取决于最临近的一个主语。

例如：

Is there a banana and seven apples on the table?

译文：In my view， either cat or mice are to die in the stuggle.

解析：either…or…或者…或者…，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数随就近的一个。

例如：

Either he or I am to be responsible for the accident.

译文：But ， to my surprise， neither mice nor cat dies.

解析：neither…nor…既不…也不…，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数随就近的一个。

例如：

Neither his parents nor he is interested in swimming.

译文：In the long run， they have become friendly to each other. Not cat but mice believe the world should change.

解析：not…but….不是…而是…. ，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数随就近的一个。

例如：

Neither the students nor the teacher runs away in the earthquake.

(符合就近原则的结构有there be， not…but…， not only…but also…， or…or…， neither…nor…)

记忆：

就近有个人在叫卖，不是老头而是老太;

不仅卖瓜而且卖菜，或者现钱或者放债，

既没有车也不用秤，只要你笑她就白送。

语法一致

故事：三国时候有一套马车金壁辉煌，它的美吸引了每一个国王，每一个国王，还有他的大臣们不止一次地想拥有这套马车，很多种方法都被他们尝试过了，但艰苦努力都是徒劳，当时有99%的.人口都反对把车让给国王，因为只有勇士张飞，才是唯一有资格拥有这辆马车的人。只要这辆马车一跑，就会趟起大量的尘土。

译文：There was a cart and horse in the Three Kingdom Period， which was very splendid.

解析：

由and连接两个名词做主语，不是指同一个人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词一般用复数。当and连接两个表示同一个人，同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词常用单数形式，如果名词前要加冠词，往往在第一个名词前才用，第二个名词前不用冠词修饰。常见的有bread and butter， war and peace， a knife and fork， a cart and horse等。如：

(1)Fire and water don’t agree.

(2) The singer and dancer is popular with the young people.

(3) Bread and butter is what they usually have for breakfast.

译文：Every king was attracted by its beauty.

解析：

两个并列名词分别由every，each， many a， no等修饰，做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：

(4)Each boy and each girl has an English dictionary.

(5) Many a boy and many girrl made the same mistake in the exercise.

(6) No man and no animal is on the moon.

译文：The king， together with his ministers wanted more than once to own the horse and cart.

解析：

主语后面接有with， along with， together with， as well as， rather than， in addition to， like ， except， but， including， besides等词构成的短语修饰时，谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。如：

(7)Professor Brown with a group of students was doing experiments at that time.

(8)Our head teacher， along with his students is going to play football this weekend.

译文：Many a way was tried by them.

解析：

“more than one + 单数名词(不止一个……)”，“many a(许多)”虽然表示复数含义，但谓语动词与单数名词保持一致，习惯上用单数。如：

(9)More than one person was present at the meeting.

(10)Many a student has passed the exam.

译文：But hard working was in vain.

解析：

不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句做主语，谓语动词用单数。

(11)Seeing is believing. =To see is to believe.

(12)When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.

译文：99% of the population were against the king’s ownership of the cart and horse.

解析：

百分数(或分数) + of + 可数名词单数(或不可数名词)，谓语用单数;百分数 (或分数) + of +名词复数，谓语用复数。

(13)Twenty percent of the workers in the factory are women.

(14) More than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.

译文：Zhang Fei was the only one of the people who had the right to own the cart and horse.

解析：

在定语从句中关系代词做主语时，从句谓语动词要与先行词的数保持一致。在先行词前有one of修饰时，从句谓语动词与复数名词保持一致;在先行词前有the only one of， the very one of 等修饰时，从句谓语动词与one保持一致，用第三人称单数形式。如：

(15)The man who wants to see you is waiting for you at the gate.

(16)He was one of the men in the office who were invited to the ball.

(17)He was the only one of the men in the office who was invited to the ball.

译文：Huge quantities of dirt were raised by the cart as long as the horse ran.

large amounts of 和 huge quantities of 后即使跟的是不可数名词，谓语动词也要用复数形式。

(18)Huge quantities of good earth has been blown away in this area.

意义一致

故事：受伤的人们都戴着眼镜，正在看《一千零一夜》的故事，这时，从远处来了一群牛，牛背上驮着家具，这些家具值3万美元，这可是一大笔钱啊。

译文：The wounded were wearing glasses.

解析：

“the + 形容词或过去分词”，如：the rich， the poor， the blind， the old， the injured， the wounded做主语时，表示具体的某类人或事，谓语动词常常用复数形式。如：

The rich make the poor slaves.

The wounded were sent to the hospital at once.

.表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers， clothes，pincers， tongs 夹钳 shears，sessiors 剪子。使用这些词做主语时，谓语应该用复数。

若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers，这时，谓语动词应该用单数。

A pair of glasses is necessary to the near-sighted.眼镜对近视眼患者很有必要。

译文：They are reading “the Arabian Nights”.

解析：

以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，用在句子中做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：

a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

b. news 是不可数名词。

c.国家名称the United States，the United Nations，应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。

“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.

<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

“New York Times” is a very influencial paper.纽约时报是一份很有影响的报纸。

译文：Just then， a herd of cattle came from the distance， with furniture on their backs， which was worth 30’000 dollars.

解析：

集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如：people police cattle audience jewellery clothing 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，

英文中还有些单词，可以看作是一个整体，这时是单数，也可以看作是很多个体，这时表复数的概念。例如：class(班;全班同学)， team(队;全体队员)， family(家庭;全家人)等。

My class often wins first in the competition.

My class are all girl students.

The family lives happily.

The family all like potatoes and tomatoes.

以下一些词是不可数名词，在句子中当单数处理。furniture equipment

译文：30’000 dollars is a big sum of money.

解析：

表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词或短语做主语时，常常看作一个整体，谓语动词用第三人称单。如

(1)Another three years has passed.

7.主谓一致考点小结 篇七

一、由there或here引起的句子,谓语动词和后面的真实主语保持一致。如果主语是两个或更多个名词组成的短语,谓语动词通常和第一个名词保持一致。如:

There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

There are two rulers and a knife in the pencil-box. 铅笔盒里有两把尺子和一把小刀。

考例:——There ____ a lot of meat on the plate. Would you like some?

——Just a little, please. (08年北京市)

A. isB. areC. amD. be

解析:选A。此题的真实主语meat是不可数名词,所以应填动词is。

二、由and或both…and…连接的并列名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:

Tom and Mike are good friends. 汤姆和迈克是好朋友。

Both Lucy and Lily are students. 露西和莉莉都是学生。

考例:Both Jim and Kate ____ in Beijing now. They both ____ from America. (08年汕头市)

A. is; comeB. are; comeC. is; comesD. are; comes

解析:选B。由both…and…连接的两个名词作主语,谓语动词应用复数形式。

三、“a number of+复数名词或代词”作主语,表示“许多……”,“一些……”之意时,谓语动词一般用复数;“the number of+复数名词或代词”作主语,表示“……的数目”,“……的数量”时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:

A number of students are playing basketball on the playground.

许多学生正在操场上打篮球。

The number of the students in our school is more than two thousand.

我们学校的学生人数超过两千。

考例:The number of ____ in our class ____ fifty. (08年烟台市)

A. student; isB. the students; areC. the students; isD. students; are

解析:选C。the number of(……的数量)后接复数名词,但谓语动词应用单数。

四、当动名词、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

考例:Swimming in the pool with friends ____ very interesting. (08年攀枝花市)

A. hasB. haveC. isD. are

解析:选C。动名词短语Swimming in the pool with friends 作句子的主语,be动词与形容词interesting一起构成系表结构。

五、由either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,or连接两个名词或代词作并列主语时,谓语动词要和最靠近的主语一致。如:

Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Beijing before. 你和李华以前都没去过北京。

考例:Either Mary or he ____ going to Paris. Only one person may go there. (08年黑龙江省)

A. areB. isC. was

解析:选B。be动词就应与he在人称和数上保持一致。此外,从Only one person may go there.可知,前句应用一般将来时,而非过去将来时。

六、主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, like, but, except, besides, including, rather than, as well as等引导的短语时,谓语动词通常和这些短语前面的名词或代词保持一致。如:

Tom with his parents goes to the park every day. 汤姆和他父母每天都一起去公园。

考例:Mr. Green with his wife ____ sitting there when I came in. (08年宁夏自治区)

A. isB. wasC. areD. were

解析:选B。此句的主语是Mr. Green,所以谓语动词应用单数形式。从时间状语when I came in可推断,主句应用过去进行时。

七、“one of+复数名词”意为“……之一”,作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。如:

One of the most interesting subjects is English. 最有趣的科目之一是英语。

考例:One of my friends ____ already moved to London.(08年南宁市)

A. doB. does C. haveD. has

解析:选D。“one of+复数名词”作主语,谓语应用单数形式,且搬到伦敦是过去已经发生的事,应用现在完成时。

八、主谓一致与同位语无关。当主语后带有同位语时,谓语动词应与主语保持一致。如:

Our English teacher, Mrs Zhang, is strict with us. 我们的英语老师张老师对我们要求严格。

考例:The important sports festival, the Olympic Games, ____ held every ____ years.

(08年乌鲁木齐市)

A. is; fiveB. are; three C. is; fourD. are; two

解析:选C。此句的the Olympic Games是同位语,真正的主语是the important sports festival,所以谓语动词应用单数形式,又因为奥运会是每四年举行一次,所以应用every four years。

九、表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等名词短语作主语,表示整体概念时,其谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Two months is quite a long time. 两个月是相当长的一段时间。

考例:——Do you need more time to finish the work?

——Yes, another ten days ____ enough. (07年辽宁省)

A. are B. is C. wereD. was

解析:选B。此题中的“another ten days”“再有十天”为表时间的短语,应看作一个整体,所以谓语动词用单数形式。根据上下句可知该句应为一般现在时。

【巩固练习】

1. Dad, the phone is ringing. I guess either you or Mum ____ on the phone.

A. wantB. are wantedC. wantsD. is wanted

2. My mother ____ noodles, but my father ____.

A. likes; doesn’tB. don’t like; doC. likes; didn’tD. didn’t like; do

3. The teacher and writer ____ to give us two talks on environment tomorrow.

A. is comingB. are comingC. has comeD. have come

4. ——How many teachers are there in your school?

——About 200. One third of them ____ men teachers.

A. haveB. hasC. areD. is

5. ——How much ____ the shoes?

——Five dollars ____ enough.

A. is; isB. are; is C. are; areD. is; are

6. There ____ a football game between Italy and Germany tomorrow morning.

A. hasB. is going to beC. will have D. has been

7. None of the shops in the downtown ____ before 8 p.m.

A. are going to be closedB. will be closingC. is closingD. are being closed

8. The poor ____ to be helped.

A. amB. wasC. areD. is

9. What you said ____ wrong.

A. isB. areC. amD. be