新编大学英语说课教案

新编大学英语说课教案（共6篇）

1.新编大学英语说课教案 篇一

Unit 12

Time Teaching Aims:

In this unit students are required to : 1)get to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passages in this unit and to know more about English culture;2)do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc.to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills;3)grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary;4)read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension;5)do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.;6)translate some typical sentences into Chinese or English by using some expressions learned in the reading passages to acquire some translating skills and better their translating abilities.I.Preparation 1．Proverb about time •Time is money.•Time is life.•Time and tide wait for no man.•To idle away one’s time amounts to killing oneself.•Everything can be bought except time.•Money lost, little lost;time lost, everything lost.Idioms •arrange one’s time

kill time •have a good time •afford the time •make up time •run out of time •save time •spare time •take one’s time •waste time •value time •make up lost time •at a time •ahead of time •behind time •for the time being •from time to time •in no time •against time(争分夺秒，尽快地）

2.Discuss the following questions 1.Are you often late for an appointment or for class? If so, for what reasons? •(No.I am always on time for appointments.I think it shows respect for other people.It’s rude to be late.If I am going to be late, I will try to let other person know.)•(Yes.But I am only a few minutes late.The reason may be that I don’t like to wait for someone else.Sometimes I’m late for class.That’s because I find getting up early in the morning really difficult.)2.Have you any suggestions for people who are always late? •(For people who are always late.I think first they should realize that it is impolite to keep others waiting.You are wasting other people’s time and you are giving them a bad impression.You should always pretend that the appointment is five or ten minutes earlier than it actually is.You can find someone such as a roommate to remind you of the appointment or class so that you won’t forget the time.If you find it difficult to get up in the morning, you should have an alarm clock.You might also get into the habit of getting up early to do morning exercises.II.Passage-Reading Activities 1.Finishing reading the passage within 16 minutes, and point out the main idea of the passage.2.Filling the blanks in the reading comprehension exercises.3．Language Points 1)to interact with sb/sth: to act on each other;to have an effect on each other or sth else •相互影响/作用/交流

•a scientist studying the complex way in which people interact with each other at parties(研究人们在聚会中互相交往的复杂方式的社会学家）

•All things are interrelated(相互关联的)and interacted with each other.•Help parents interact with their babies •（帮助父母与幼儿一起活动和沟通）

2)to insist on: to declare firmly(when opposed)坚持说，强调

•I insisted to everyone that he was wrong.•I insisted on my correctness.•to insist on: to order(sth.to happen)坚持要求，一定要 •I insisted on him going.•He insisted on her staying in London.•Then she insisted on John keeping silence.•to insist that…(should)do/be… •I insisted that he go with us.3)synchonize with(cause to)happen at the same time, speeds etc.使…同步

•The sound on a film must synchronize with the action.影片中的声音必须与动作配合一致。•The voyages of discovery synchronized with the emergence of capitalist economy.发现新大陆的航海与资本主义经济的出现同时发生。

4)in unison with sb/sth;in the same pitch •acting together in close agreement齐奏，齐唱，一致，协调

•The banks have acted in unison with the building societies in lowering interest rates.银行降低利率来配合房屋建筑协会的行动。

•The feet of marching soldiers move in unison.•When people sing in unison they sing the same tune at the same time---ie.They don’t sing in pairs.5)to bring back  return or cause to return •All the library books must be brought back before June 20.•Bring us back our books.[same as return]  obtain and return with 带回来

•When you go to the post office, will you please bring me some stamps back? •You bring something back from somewhere. cause to return to the mind使回想起

•Something brings back memories if it reminds you of past times.•The place brought back memories of happier times. cause to return(to health, existence etc)使恢复

•to bring back to life/health使复生/恢复健康

•And anyway he was dead, I couldn’t bring him back to life.If you say that a dead person cannot be brought back you mean they cannot be made to live again.6)to differ from…(in): to be unlike

• Things or people differ if they are unlike each other.• The twins look alike ,but differ in personality.• Wisdom differs from cunning.• John differs from his brothers in any ways.• to differ: disagree(持不同意见，有分歧）• People differ about something when they disagree.• He differed with his brother about/on a political question.7)to frown on/upon sth.: disapprove of sth不赞同，不同意，不许可

• People frown on or upon something if they disapprove of it.Smoking is frowned on at most public gatherings.• Gambling is frowned on by some church authorities.• My parents always frown on late nights out.to frown at sb./sth.: bring the eyebrows together皱眉

• You frown when you draw your eyebrows together in worry, disapproval or deep thought.• He frowned angrily at me.• She read through the letter, frowning at its contents.她把信看完一遍，从头到尾双眉紧锁。

• She was frowning with concentration.8)priority(over):right to do/have sth.before others优先（地位），更大重要性 • This project has priority over all others.• Military personnel often have priority over civilians.• The badly wounded take priority for medical attention over those slightly hurt.• One person or thing has priority when they have the right to be dealt with or be put first to get your priorities right: to understand what is most important and should be dealt with first • The health service should get its priorities right and concentrate on making people better, rather than trying to save money.9)to summon up • If you summon up your courage, your strength or the energy to do sth, you make a great effort to be courageous or have enough strength or energy to it.• I couldn’t summon up the courage to tell him.• to summon up: to gather /call together召唤，召集

• The shareholders were summoned to a general meeting.已召集股东开全体大会.10)in harmony with sb/sth.: in agreement with 和…一致，协调一致，相配 • His tastes are in harmony with mine.• He lives in harmony with his neighbors.他与邻居和谐相处。

• We must ensure that tourism develops in harmony with the environment.• My cat and dog never fight---they live together in perfect harmony.• [the opposite out of harmony]

III.Post-Reading Activities 1． Finish the reading comprehension exercises on page 2000 and 2001.2． Finish the vocabulary exercises on page 2002 and 2003.3． Translation • He insists/insisted on driving her home.• I am also aware of the importance of completing the task on schedule.• All things are interrelated and interact with each other.• I think of him as someone who will always help me.• The twins look alike, but differ in personality • We must ensure that tourism develops in harmony with the environment.• I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them.• Does it never occur to you that I might like to be on my own occasionally? 4.Writing Write a description of an event when time seemed to pass extremely fast or slow.Try to focus on your perceptions of time.Your composition should be no less than 120 words.Sample

Time Flies

There is nobody but realizes the value of time.An old Chinese proverb says,” Every second counts.” Indeed when time is lost, we can not get it back.From this we know that time is a thing of immeasurable value.Many young men and women waste their time in indulging themselves in gambling, smoking, drinking, and dancing.They do not know the value of time, but idle it away carelessly.To be sure, such people will suffer the consequences.Life is short and art is long.We must devote our time and energy to our studies, so that we may be of service to our country.We regret being unable to acquire enough knowledge on the grounds that time is limited.We have to develop a habit of saving time, instead of spending time uselessly.If it is necessary for us to do our work today, let us do it today, and not leave it till tomorrow.Laziness is the thief of time.It not only brings us failure, but does us harm as well.Remember that if a man in youth does not do his best, he will feel sorry when he is old.Time Is Money The old saying “Time is money” means that time is a very valuable thing.Many things we can obtain more than once, but wasted time can never be gained again.Thus we may say that value of time exceeds that of money.Nothing can be done without time just as no one can live without air.But time is often neglected by men, since time is invisible thing.They often waste their time unconsciously.Without anything to do, they gossip from morning till night.This is a great loss to themselves as well as to the community.Man can only live one hundred years at most.It is a very short time , and time and tide wait for no man.Hence we should use our valuable time properly to do our tasks.Never waste a bit of it!6

2.新编大学英语说课教案 篇二

关键词：教材需求模型；新编大学英语；学生为中心的主题教学

[中图分类号]H319.3

[文献标识码]A

[文章编号]1006-2831（2013）05-0078-4 doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-2831.2013.02.022

1 . 前言

新编大学英语（第二版）整套教材是由浙江大学的应惠兰教授主编，外语教育与研究出版社出版。出版后，颇受广大教师和学生的喜爱。著名的英语学者陈琳教授称赞这套教材为“我国外语教学百花园中的一朵奇葩”（牛贵霞，2000：68）。本文首先分析了这套教材的设计特点，然后从学生需求视角，借助问卷调查，就学生对该教材的满意程度进行了需求分析。通过调查，发现这本教材设计上还有一些值得商榷的地方：这套教材课后练习过多，部分阅读理解文章难度过大，教材词汇与四级考试考查词汇脱节，不能满足学生自学和备考四级的需求；删减部分课后练习，替换难度过大的阅读理解文章，减少四级考试超纲词汇后将使本教材能更好地为大学英语教学服务。

2 . 教材的设计

该教材每个单元围绕相同的主题，由“热身阶段”、“听力活动阶段”、“阅读活动阶段”、“提高阶段”四部分有机结合。“热身阶段”通过一系列精心设计的、并与主题相关的口语活动，旨在使学生积极思考、并积极投入到相关话题活动中去。“听力活动阶段”通常由两至三篇听力材料组成。听力材料形式多样，有诗歌、故事、歌曲等。这阶段还附有形式丰富的练习，如“role-play”“question and answer”“blank filling”“spot dictation”等。通过做这些练习，学生检验了自己对听力材料的理解程度并进一步获取了与主题相关的语言知识。“阅读活动阶段”一般由三篇文章组成。其中第一篇作为课堂上精读的阅读材料，第二和第三篇供学生课外阅读使用。这样安排可以给学生提供充足的语言和信息输入。“进一步提高阶段”给学生提供有关语法、词汇、口语、写作和翻译等相关的“输出型”语言训练和练习。由于该教材吸收了语言学的研究成果，所以深受老师的好评、学生的喜爱。该教材的设计主要包括下面两个方面特点：

2 . 1 学生为中心

“以学生为中心”旨在理解和体现学生在知识、智力、情感、个性等方面的需求（吴潜龙，2000：72）。《新编大学英语》每单元四个阶段的教学，都以学生为中心安排各层次的活动，力图调动学生的积极性，让学生最大程度地参与到课堂教学中。“学生交际能力的培养，语言学习能力的提高，不经过长期反复的运用和实践活动、不参加大量真实的或模拟的交际活动是绝对不可能如愿以偿的”（王惠昭，2001：36）。《新编大学英语》给学生提供大量运用语言的机会，强调学生在教学过程中的重要地位，这必定有助于学生英语水平的快速提高。《新编大学英语》每个单元多样的与学生生活息息相关的话题能激起学生极大的兴趣，学生将活跃地参与到每个部分的教学活动和讨论中去，在用中学、在学中用，增强了学生在学习过程中的“成就感”，使学生成为“自我实现者”。使用《新编大学英语》后，老师们发现，课堂成为了同学们展示自我、表达思想、应用英语的交际场所。总之，《新编大学英语》第一个编写特点是“以学生为中心”，这个特点能较好地帮助学生获得语言能力和交际能力。

2 . 2 主题教学

“主题教学”指以主题为依据，选取与学生生活和学习息息相关的最佳样本，同时向学生提供大量相互联系的、符合认知要求的语言材料和语汇（赵蓉，2001：171）。与传统的教材编撰方法不同，《新编大学英语》融合了主题教学理念而编著。传统的教材常将某一语言现象，如某个语法、某种句式、某种修辞等为线索统领语言材料，归为一个单元。《新编大学英语》的著者在编写过程中，以某一主题为线索，从不同角度、不同侧面，选取与主题相关的听、说、读、写、译等语言材料，有机结合后，列为一个单元。《新编大学英语》每一个单元都围绕一个主题展开听、说、读、写、译的活动。因为所选主题都是社会的热点话题或是与学生日常生活密切相关、感兴趣的话题，所以学生学习热情高涨，课堂气氛活跃。通过围绕这些主题的学习，同学们不仅锻炼了自己的语言交际能力，还丰富了语言知识，提高了交际话语能力。总之，该教材第二个编写特点是以主题为中心，这个特点也能极好地调动学生的积极性，促进学生的语言能力和交际能力的提高。

3 . 学生需求的分析

为了进一步了解该套教材是否在实际教学中满足了学生的学习需求，本文从需求分析的视角，对学生进行了一项问卷调查。

3 . 1 需求分析的定义和意义

需求分析（Needs Analysis）指通过内省、访谈、观察和问卷等手段对需求进行研究的技术和方法，已广泛应用于教育、经贸、制造和服务等方面（陈冰冰，2009：125）。在英语教学中，需求分析的功能类似于中医在开处方前的“望、闻、问、切”，只有做好了需求分析，才能了解当前学习中的“病根”。需求分析可以为课堂的教学内容、教学设计、教学方法提供依据，还可以评价和检查当前的教学效果。

3 . 2 主要的需求分析模型

由于研究者的研究视角、侧重点、出发点、研究对象和研究背景的不同，不同的研究者提出了各自不同的需求分析模型。Munby（1978）从语言的功能性和情境性的角度出发，提出了“目标情景分析模型”。该模型主要包括一个叫做“交际需求处理器（Communicative Needs Processor）”的学习者交际需求框架。该框架涉及交际中的如话题、参与者、功能、情景等变量。通过该框架，研究者可以发现学生在将来职业或岗位上的语言需求。总之，该模型以目标为导向，聚焦于“应该学什么”。为了了解学生目前的语言学习和将来的语言需求之间的差距，并找到解决办法，Allwright（1982）提出了目前情景分析模式（Present Situation Analysis）。这个模式首先根据经验、调查、访谈等形式确定学生语言学习的目标，然后比较分析预期目标与当前学习情况，从而发现现在学习中的缺陷和不足。Hutchinson & Water的分析模式采用以学习为中心的路径，由目标情景分析框架和学习需求分析框架两部分组成，前者主要关注语言运用，后者关注语言的学习。他们认为“目标情景分析可以决定我们的目的地，并像指南针一样指引我们到达目的地，而学习需求分析则像我们必须选择的符合现有交通工具（学习的条件）、路况（学习者知识、技能和学习策略）和动机等情况的路线”（陈冰冰，2009：128）。Dudley-Evans和St. John的分析模型（1998：125）将学生语言的发展类比作树木的成长，主要研究语言发展所需要的环境并分析如何让学生的学习特点与自身所处的学习的生态环境和谐相处，彼此促进。陈冰冰在结合了Dudley-Evans和St. John的需求分析模型和Hutchinson & Water的分析模式后，设计出了大学英语需求分析整体模型（陈冰冰，2010：121-122）。该模型由四个维度组成，分别是“学习能力差距”、“学习者个人愿望”、“学习过程需求”和“学习环境需求”。纵观以上的分析模型，可以看出，需求分析模型呈现逐渐完善成熟的态势。

3 . 3 需求分析研究设计

本研究的研究对象是我校交通工程系交通工程专业和道路桥梁专业四个班共计200名学生。其中交通工程专业0714101班46人，男生41人，女生5人；交通工程专业0714102班51人，男生46人，女生5人；道路桥梁专业0724101班51人，男生46人，女生5人；道路桥梁专业0724102班52人，男生45人，女生7人。为了了解《新编大学英语》多大程度上满足了学生对英语学习的期望，本研究采取问卷调查和访谈，封闭型问题和开放性问题相结合的方式，调查问卷根据陈冰冰的大学英语需求分析模型中的教材需求模型（陈冰冰，2010：121-122）为基础设计。陈冰冰的大学英语需求分析模型中的第四个维度“学习环境”要求关注学生对于教材的需求，具体包括以下三个方面：（1）目前教材的难易度；（2）目前教材的趣味性；（3）学生对于教材的喜好度。本调查问卷主要覆盖以下三个方面的问题：（1）从总体来看，学生是否对该教材满意？（2）学生最满意的部分是哪个？（3）学生认为，哪个部分需要改进。问卷类型采用“Likert scale”（李克特量表）模式，依次从“非常同意（1）”到“非常不同意（5）”等这五个答案进行作答。为了更全面了解学生对于该教材的看法，笔者随机从四个班中分别抽取四名同学共计16名同学进行单独访谈。学生们都诚恳地接受了访谈，并认真地回答了他们对于该教材的看法。

3 . 4 需求分析研究结果

就第一个方面来说，研究结果见下表。

从以上图表可以看出，22.90%的学生表示他们非常满意该教材，51.8%的学生表示他们基本满意该教材，5%的学生不满意该教材。因此，从整体上看，绝大多数学生还是比较满意该教材。

对于第二个方面和第三方面的问题，调查结果见下表。

可见，78.23%的同学对课堂阅读活动部分很满意，7.23%的学生对写作和翻译部分满意。然而，就第三方面而言，45.78%的学生认为应该改进阅读文章的长度；37.35%的学生认为应该调整词汇练习的部分。

《新编大学英语》主要为大一和大二的学生设计。教学目标是培养社会发展需要的学生的听说读写译的综合能力。在大学期间，学生都会参加四六级考试。在访谈中，笔者问16名学生他们目前最迫切的学习目标是什么。具体来讲，他们中55.57%的学生认为他们需要提高英语听力，32.13%的学生认为应扩大词汇量，7.27%认为应营造英语环境，5.03%认为应提高英语学习的兴趣。研究结果如下图所示

总之，研究结果表明：（1）这本以学生为中心的主题教学设计教材总体来说是令人满意的，该教材受到学生的喜爱。编者精心选择了主题，科学地设计了课堂活动，做到了以学生为中心，基本都能满足学生语言能力和交际能力的需求；（2）教材设计的四个部分都基本受到学生的欢迎，尤其是课堂阅读活动部分表现最为突出；（3）一本教材的设计不仅应该遵循全国大学英语大纲的要求和教育目标，还应适应学生的现有水平；（4）教材设计应该致力于努力提高学生的语言能力和学生的交际能力。

然而，根据问卷调查和访谈，我们发现该教材设计中还有以下几个方面需要提高：

第一，每个单元后面有过多的练习。这些练习包括一些如小组讨论、角色扮演等形式的语言输出练习，一些如扩充词汇，填空的语法知识练习。因此，教师很难在有限的课堂时间里覆盖所有的练习，这也就是为什么学生建议词汇部分改进的原因。

第二，根据调查问卷的发现，阅读材料要么太长要么太短。一位访谈者说：“这套教材课文要么太难，要么太简单，太难的课文得花很多时间才能搞明白文章的意思。”设计者也许为了保持阅读材料的权威性和原创性，所以没有对阅读材料进行改动。其实，把过长的文章缩短或者对很难的部分进行解释是应该的。

第三，通过学生的反馈，笔者发现，一些课文中出现的词汇并不是四级考试经常考查的高频词汇。尽管阅读中的这些词汇有助于学生扩大词汇量，但学生最关切的是四级考试中有无这些词汇。

4 . 结语

由于《新编大学英语》这本教材成功地设计了以学生为中心的主题教学模式，所以该教材受到学生和教师的欢迎。经实践证明，该教材对于学生英语语言能力和交际能力的提高是有利的。然而，学生的反馈也说明，该教材设计中的练习部分，文章的长度和词汇部分应该加以改进。总之，教材的设计是一项复杂而系统的工程，涉及教学中的方方面面，不可能一蹴而就，需要我们长期地、系统地关注、探索和研究。

参考文献

Allwright， R. Perceiving and Pursuing Learners Needs[A]. In M. Geddes&G.; Sturtridge （eds）. Individualization[C]. Oxford： Modern English Publications， 1982： 24-31.

Dudlley-Evans， T.&M.; St John. Developments in English for Specific Purposes： A Multi-disciplinary Approach[M]. Cambridge： CUP， 1998.

Krashen， S. D. Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition[M]. Oxford： Pergamon Press， 1982.

Lakoff. G. & M. Johnson. Philosophy in the Flesh： The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought[M]. New York： Basic Books， 1999.

Munby， J. Communicative Syllabus Design[M]. Cambridge： CUP， 1978.

陈冰冰. 国外需求分析研究述评[J].外语教学与研究，2009（2）：125.

陈冰冰.大学英语需求分析模型的理论构建[J].外语学刊，2010（2）：121-122.

郭春丽.浅评《新编大学英语》[J].鸡西大学学报，2007（4）：52.

牛贵霞.“以学生为中心”的素质教育英语教材[J].河北建筑科技学院学报，2000（1）：68.

王惠昭.以学生为中心的主题教学模式与交际能力的培养[J].外语与外语教学，2001（4）：36.

王寅.认知语言学[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2007.

吴潜龙.关于第二语言习得过程中的认知心理分析[J].外语教学与研究，2000（7）：72-73.

3.新编大学英语说课教案 篇三

Unit 1(1)Greeting and Introducing People

Teaching purposes:

1.The students should be able to understand greeting and introducing people and make a short conversation to greet and introduce other people.2.The students should be able to communicate personal information.3.The students should be able to master some words and expressions in greeting and introducing people.(Key words and expressions: welcome, present a project report, business card, on business, care for, introduce)Teaching procedures: I.Talking face to face II.Being all ears III.Assignment I.Talking Face to Face Step 1 Lead-in: business cards.1.Warm-up questions:

1)When are business cards exchanged between people? 2)What are usually written on business cards? 3)When do people use passports?

2.Students read and translate the business cards under the guidance of the teacher.Sample1:

International Exchange Section Binhai Foreign Languages School

Prof.Lu Yang

Director

Address:5 Binhai Road, Binhai City, 116000 Tel & Fax: 0411-4673289

E-mail: FLI603@pub.bl.lnpta.net.cn Sample2:

Binhai Electronics Ltd.Li Tiegang

Electronics Engineer Address: No.50Chang-Jiang, Binhai E-mail: ltg6@pub.bl.lnpta.net.cn Tel: 0411-4673289 Handphone: *** Step 2 Sample dialogue: 1.Warm-up questions:

1)How much do you know about the way Americans greet people and give responses? 2)How much do you know about the way Americans exchange their personal information? 3)How much do you know about the the Americans say good-bye to each others? 4)How much do you know about the the Americans introduce themselves to each other? Students speak out the sentences and expressions under the guidance of the teacher.2.Students read the sample dialogues after the teacher and try to find out the useful sentences and expressions for greeting people in the dialogue.Practice the following sentences:

1)Ladies and gentlemen, now let me introduce to you the renowned football star David Beckham.2)Businessmen often exchange business cards to each other when they meet for the first time.3)Would you care for a cup of coffee with me?

4)Our American English teacher told us to call her by her first name instead of her family name.Step 3 Students practice the dialogues in groups.1.Give students several minutes to prepare short conversations in pairs by simulating the five small dialogues.(P 3 in students’ book)

2.Students role-play the similar situations they create, first in groups, and then in front of the class.e.g.Please make a dialogue according to requirements.Task: Imagine you are Zhang and you meet Mr.Smith, an English teacher from the USA at the airport for the first time.The following dialogue is provided for your reference.Zhang: Hello, are you Prof.Smith from the United States?

Mr.Smith: Yes, Robert Smith.Please call me Robert.Thanks for coming to meet me at the airport.Zhang: My pleasure.Welcome to China.My name is Zhang Lin.You can call me Zhang.Here is my card.Mr.Smith: Thank you.Here is mine.And this is my wife.Zhang: How do you do, Mrs.Smith?

Mrs.Smith: How do you do? It’s nice to meet you.Please call me Mary.Zhang: How was the journey, Mary?

Mrs.Smith: Well, it was Ok, although a little tiring.Zhang: Then let’s get your luggage and go to the hotel now.Mr.Smith: Oh, thank you.It’s very kind of you.3.Students do Put-in-Use exercises in groups by reading out lout all the three dialogues they have completed.II.Being All Ears Dialogue 1：

Teaching Procedure(It aims to train the students with proper listening strategies.)

Pre-listening: provide the students with the new words and expressions;read through the questions and the chart in exercise 1 and 2, and make some predictions as to the content of the dialogue.While-listening: ask the students to listen to the dialogue for the first time and ask them just to understand the main idea of the dialogue not to finish the exercises;listen to the dialogue again and ask them to finish exercise 1;ask the students to repeat the dialogue sentence by sentence after the tape while the teacher will press the button “pause” on the tape recorder;listen to the dialogue as a whole for the last time.Post-listening: ask the students to finish exercises, i.e.answering questions.This step aims to change listening to speaking.Notes: The following dialogue and the passage listening can be done in a more or less similar procedure.III.Assignments

1)Pair work: Prepare conversations about introducing oneself to other members of the groups.2)Do all the exercises in the section.Unit1(2)The Way Americans Greet Teaching purposes: 1.Understand the two passages as a whole;

2.Learn to use the strategy of scanning to locate specific information in a passage(reading skills development).3.Master some useful expressions in Passage I(Key words and expressions: greet, speaking of , leave a …impression on, prefer…to…, get/become acquainted with)Teaching procedures: I．Passage I II．Assignment

I.Passage I: The Way Americans Greet Step 1 Warm-up questions:

1.What is the common way for Chinese people to greet others?

(In greeting people, they usually ask personal questions to show intimacy, such as: “Have you had your lunch/dinner? / Where are you going? / What did you do last night?)2.How do Americans greet each other?

(They use greeting clichés like “Hi/Hello/Good morning!/How are you?/How do you do?/ Nice to meet you!/ How is everything going on? Step 2 Students read the passage

1.Comprehension Questions(The students will be asked some compression questions after they have skimmed the passage to help them develop reading strategies.)①.What does an informal greeting really mean to Americans? ②.Why don’t most Americans like using titles in introductions?

③.What do your American friends want to show when they address you with your first name? ④.Why do Americans ask you some personal questions?

Or: The teacher asks one question for each paragraph and the students read the passage paragraph and give their answers to the teacher’s questions:（参考教参P27和ppt.）

In this step, some related information will be provided for the students.)Formation of Common English Names

A common English name is usually composed of two or three parts: the first name is also called forename.If the person is a Christian, his first name will be given at his baptism, so it is also called the given name or the Christian name.Middle name is the second given name.When written, middle name is often shortened to the initial letter.Surname is often the father’s family name, so it is also called family name or last name.For example: Anne Louise Strong, George W.Bush.Step 3 Students summarize the informal ways American use for greeting and bidding farewell in Passage 1.(参考教参Page 27 and ppt.)

Step 4 Students read Paragraph 2 loudly and then complete the following sentences without looking at the passage.(参考ppt.)

Step 5 Students do dictation practice of Paragraph 3.Step 6 Explain the passage in detail 1)Difficult sentences:

①(Title)The Way American Greet

Analysis: In this title, “in which” is omitted after The Way.“in… way” means(to do something)by means of a certain method.Translation: 美国人的致意方式

Example: I think the way she studies is worth studying.②(Para.1)Speaking of „ time, I’ve got to run.Analysis: “Speaking of” is a present participle clause used as an adverbial of cause/time.It means “when it comes to time, I’m reminded of …” Translation: 说到时间，我得赶紧跑了。

Example: a.Speaking of English, I’ve go to a class.谈到英语，我得上课去了。

b.Speaking of business cards, I’ve got to print some more now.谈到名片，我现在得再印一些。

③(Para 2)However, American introductions are usually rather simple.Analysis: However is a conjunct to denote a contrast of this sentence to the previous one.It means “然而，可是” in Chinese.Translation: 然而美国式的介绍通常相当简单。

Example: a.In China, family relationships are usually rather close.在中国，家庭关系通常都很紧密。

b.In my hometown, companies are usually rather small.在我家乡，公司通常都很小。

④(Para 2)“Glad to meet you.I’m Miller.But call me Paul.” Analysis: Miller is the family name and Paul is the given name.Addressing others by their given name usually implies a sort of informal and friendly relationship.Translation: 比起正式称呼，大部分情形下他们更喜欢直呼其名。

Example: a.These boys prefer football to basketball.比起蓝球来，这些男孩子们更喜欢足球。

b.I prefer Chinese food to Western food.比起西餐来，我更喜欢中国食品。

⑤(Para 3)But Americans do sometimes ask such questions.Analysis: Do is used here to emphasize the following verb.It means “的的确确，真的”

Translation: 但是美国人有时确实会问此类问题。

Example: I do appreciate your help.⑥(Para 3)In this way they can get better acquainted with you and have a topic for beginning a friendly conversation with you.Analysis: And is used here to introduce a coordinate clause, which further develops the topic being discussed.Translation: 他们想要得到你对这些询问的回答，这样就能更多地了解你，并以此为开端与你友好地侃上一场。

Example: In this way you can improve your spoken English and do(2)Useful Words and Expressions

①.Greet: v.say words of welcome to, express one’s feelings on receiving sb.Example: It is important for the students to learn how to greet people in English.Practice: a.我们经常用微笑表达喜悦。

We often express our happiness with a smile.b.她说话经常带浓重的乡音。

She often speaks with a strong local accent.②.Similarly: 同样

Example: Similarly, there are also many proverbs in Chinese.Practice: a.同样，格林教授也无法忍耐惰性。

Similarly, Professor Green couldn’t bear laziness.b.同样，他们也不愿意依赖他人。

Similarly, they don’t want to depend upon others.③.To sb.:对某人来说

Example: To the parents, a healthy child is the most essential thing.Practice: a.对一个商人来说，利润是最重要的事。

To a businessman, profit is the most important thing.b.对我来说，一个幸福的家庭是最有价值的东西。

To me, a happy family is the most valuable thing.④.leave an impression on/upon sb.给某人留下印象

leave a deep/good/nice impression on/upon sb.Example: 一个友好的问候会使谈话有一个良好的开端。

A friendly greeting will make a good beginning for a talk.Practice: 一个幽默的句子会给一堂课增添一股活力(lively touch)。

A humorous sentence will give a lively touch to the lesson.⑤.such: 如此的,这样的

Example: Such a life may be too hard to the little girl.Practice: a.这样的结局对我来说是太匆忙了。

Such an ending maybe too hasty to me.b.这样一种天气对游客来说是太热了。

Such weather maybe too hot to the tourists.⑥.acquaint: v.make familiar with, get to know, reveal to sb.结识，认识

Example: You should try to acquaint him with the facts of the case.Practice: a.I have become acquainted with my new duties.b.The overseas students have make themselves acquainted with their Chinese peers.⑦.prefer: v.like better, would rather do 更喜欢,宁愿

Example: I prefer to have the meeting in the morning rather than in the afternoon.Practice: Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? II.Assignments

1.Students tell the way the Americans greet.2.Recite the first paragraph of Passage I.3.Finish all the exercises in this section.Unit1(3)A Little about Me Teaching purposes: 1.Writing a business card.2.Master the basic sentence structures.3.Learn to use the strategy of scanning to locate specific information in passage II.Teaching procedures: I．Passage II II．Applied writing

III．Sentence Writing and Grammar Review IV．Assignment

I.Passage II: A Little about Me Step 1 Warm-up activity:

T: First ask the students the question “If you write a short passage to introduce yourself, which aspects should be included in it?” and then make some conclusions as follows:

Self-introduction can be made according to different requirements and should be appropriate in different situations.Generally speaking, such aspects as name, personality, interests, appearance, etc.are included.1.The teacher asks a few students to introduce some of their classmates and lets the other student guess who they are.Words for describing appearance and characteristics.(参考教材P28和ppt)Step 2 Students read the passage.T: Today we’ll read a passage concerning self-introduction from which we can get a glimpse of how to write a self-introduction.Step 3 Students try to describe Mike according to the information given in the passage.(教参P29和ppt.)Step 4 Acting out

The students work in pairs to make up and act out an interview between a reporter form the college radio station and Mike Adams about his life and work in China.Step 5 Language points:

1.move to : to go from one residence or location to another e.g.The pressures of city life forced him to move to the countryside 2.be kind to :to be friendly, generous, or warm-hearted e.g.The doctor is always kind to the patients.3.change one’s mind: to reverse a previously held opinion or an earlier decision e.g.The old man is very stubborn and it’s difficult for him to change his mind.4.have everything under control: everything is controlled by … e.g.Some parents want to have everything of their children under control.5.look neat and tidy: to be clean and in order

e.g.She spends a few hours cleaning her house everyday.So it always looks neat and tidy.II.Applied Writing Trying Your Hand

1.Sample analysis: The teacher summarizes the format and the language used in business card.2.The teacher introduce some items often included in a business card.3.Simulated writing and create exercise.III.Sentence Writing and Grammar Review.1.英语五种基本句型列式如下：

基本句型一： Ｓ Ｖ（主＋谓）

基本句型二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ（主＋谓＋表）

基本句型三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）

基本句型四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

基本句型五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

2.Students do Exercises 5,6 and 7.IV.Assignments

4.新编大学英语说课教案 篇四

Unit Goals What you should learn to do 1.Make a phone call 2.Answer the phone 3.Leave and take a passage

4.Pass the message to the person being called 5.Extend a phone call 6.Take/fill in a message What you should know about 1.Phone service in the USA 2.Benefit or trouble of cell phones 3.Business telephone etiquette for success 4.The subjective mood Section I Talking Face to Face 1.Imitating Mini-Talks 2.Acting out the Tasks 3.Studying Email Information on the Internet 4.Following Sample Dialogues 5.Putting Language to Use Section II Being All Ears 1.Learning Sentences for Workplace Communication 2.Handling a Dialogue 3.Understanding a Short Speech / Talk Section III Trying your Hand

1.Practicing Applied Writing 2.Writing Sentences and Reviewing Grammar Section IV Maintaining a Sharp Eye Passage 1 : Information Related to the Reading Passage 1.cell phone 手机，移动电话

A cell phone is a small telephone you can carry with you that operates through networks of radio antennas or space satellites.Other expressions of a cell phone:

1)a cellular phone / telephone

2)a mobile phone / telephone

3)a handset 2.ATM 自动取款机

ATM is the abbreviation for automated teller machine.ATMs are found in business districts and shopping malls.People use them to get cash from their bank accounts and in many places, to pay for gas, groceries, and other things.3.voice mail 有声邮件

A voice mail is a telephone answering system on which spoken messages are left by one person for another.Text

For Conversation Press # 1 I’ve got a cell phone, e-mail and voice mail.But why am I so lonely?

A funny thing happened on the way to the communications revolution: we stopped talking to one another.I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation.There they were, talking and talking on a beautifully sunny day and I became invisible, absent from the conversation.The park was filled with people talking on their cell phones.They were passing other people without looking at them, saying hello, noticing their babies or stopping to pet their puppies.Evidently, the cordless electronic voice is preferable to human contact.The telephone used to connect you to the absent.Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent.Recently I was in a car with three friends.The driver hushed the rest of us because he could not hear the person on the other end of his cell phone.There we were, four friends zooming down the highway, unable to talk to one another because of a gadget designed to make communication easier.Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a setback to the intimacy of human interaction.With e-mail and instant messaging over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another.With voice mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone.If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine.As almost every conceivable contact between human beings gets automated, the alienation index goes up.You can’t even call a person to get the phone number of another person any more.Directory assistance is almost always fully automated.Pumping gas at the station? Why say good morning to the attendant when you can swipe your credit card at the pump and save yourself the bother of human contact? Making a deposit at the bank? Why talk to a clerk who might live in the neighborhood when you can just insert your card into the ATM? I am no Luddite.I own a cell phone, an ATM card, a voice mail system, an email account.Giving them up isn’t an option — they are great for what they are intended to do.It’s their unintended consequences that make me cringe.Language Points 1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences 1.(Title)For Conversation Press # 1 Analysis: In this sentence, for means with the purpose of.Press # 1 is in imperative mood.# stands for No., therefore #1 is read as No.1.Translation: 通话按1号键。Example: For redialing, press the # key.2.(Para.3)I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation.Analysis: Interrupting our conversation in the sentence is a present participle phrase used as an adverbial of result.Translation: 最近我和一位朋友正在公园里散步，突然他的手机响起来，打断了我们的谈话。

Example: The child fell, striking his head against the door and hurting it slightly.3.(Para.3)There they were, talking and talking on a beautifully sunny day and I became invisible, absent from the conversation.Analysis: Talking and talking on a beautifully sunny day is a present participle phrase used as an adverbial of attendant circumstance.Translation: 在一个阳光明媚的日子，他们在那儿谈啊谈，而我却被遗忘，成了谈话的局外人。

Example: Marta sat in the armchair, reading a magazine.4.(Para.5)There we were, four friends zooming down the highway, unable to talk to one another because of a gadget designed to make communication easier.Analysis: Four friends zooming on the highway is a present participle phrase, with four friends as the logical subject of zooming on the highway.The whole phrase serves as an adverbial of attendant circumstance.Designed to make communication easier is a past participle phrase used as an attribute, modifying the antecedent gadget.Translation: 我们四位朋友坐在车里，飞驰在高速公路上，却因为有了那个被 设计来方便通信的小玩意儿而不能互相交谈。

Example: My room is on the fourth floor, its window overlooking the beach.Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.5.(Para.6)Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Analysis: In this sentence, the antecedent it stands for the subject that-clause(that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel), where the comparative...structure is used.Similar structure can be found in What is it that...? Translation: 为什么我们联系得越多，我却越感到失去了联系呢？ Example: Why is it that you know so much? 6.(Para.7)As almost every conceivable contact between human beings gets automated, the alienation index goes up.Analysis: As is a conjunction, meaning at the same time that.Translation: 随着人们之间几乎每一种可以想到的联系都变得自动化起来，疏远指数上升了。

Example: They smiled as their eyes met.As he entered, the hall burst into thunderous applause.7.(Para.8)Pumping gas at the station? Analysis: This is an elliptical sentence.The complete sentence should be

Are you pumping gas at the station? Translation: 你在加油站加油吗？

Example:(Are you)Making a deposit at the bank?(Para.9)8.(Para.8)Why say good morning to the attendant when you can swipe your credit card at the pump and save yourself the bother of human contact? Analysis: In this sentence, why is used as an interrogative adverb, followed by a bare infinitive to form a rhetorical question, which can also take a negative structure such as Why not do something? The former means why should we do something or we don’t need to do something, while the latter means the opposite: let’s do something.Translation: 既然你可以用信用卡在加油泵旁自动刷卡，免除与人打交道的麻烦，何必还要对加油站的工作人员打招呼呢？

Example: Why smoke when you know it is so unhealthy?

Why not try to train your character when you have the opportunity? 9.(Para.11)I am no Luddite.Analysis: In this sentence, no means not at all.Translation: 我并不反对自动化。

Example: Don’t cheat her.She’s no fool.She is no friend of mine.10.(Para.11)Giving them up isn’t an option — they are great for what they are intended to do.Analysis: The clause They are great for what they are intended to do serves to explain why giving them up isn’t an option.Great for means very good for.What they are intended to do means what they are designed to do.Translation: 放弃他们并不可取——人们赋予它们的功能太美妙了。Example: Going there isn’t a good idea — it’s too far away from here.11.(Para.12)It’s their unintended consequences that make me cringe.Analysis: This is an emphatic sentence introduced by it is...that.What is emphasized here is the subject their unintended consequences.The basic structure of such a kind of sentence is as follows: It + be + the emphasized part + that + the other parts of the sentence.Translation: 只是他们无意中带来的后果使我感到不寒而栗。Example: It was David that(who)did it.It was a key that I found in his pocket.It was not until last year that he came to live in this city.2 Important Words 1.lonely

a.alone and feeling sad, lonesome 孤独的，寂寞的e.g.Without friends, Selena felt lonely in the city she had just arrived in.I shall have a companion in the house after all these lonely years.He felt lonely when his best friend moved to another place.2.recently

ad.not too long ago;starting not too long ago and still going on,(syn.)currently 最近，近来

e.g.I saw my friend recently;we had dinner together last week.Recently, my brother has been working on his master’s degree at the university.I’ve only recently begun to learn German.3.evidently

ad.as it appears, seemingly,(syn.)apparently 明显，显然

e.g.Mr.Lowenberg evidently regarded this as a great joke.From the warm temperature and abundant flowers, it is evidently spring here.Evidently your sister was sensitive on the topic of operations.4.preferable

a.better or more suitable, to be preferred 更可取的，更好的 e.g.She found life in the city preferable to her quiet life in the country.Gradual change is preferable to sudden, great change.Milk is fine, but cream would be preferable.5.connect

v.to attach, join together;to reach sb.by telephone 连接，接通 e.g.The telephone operator connected me with the human resources

department.I connected the antenna to the TV set.A new road connects the two small cities.6.unable

a.not able, incapable 不能的，不会的 e.g.I am unable to cycle to school because my bicycle is broken.He is unable to walk because of a bad ankle.He is unable to do the job for lack of experience.7.advance

n.an improvement,(syn.)a breakthrough 前进，进展 e.g.There have been great advances in medicine in the last 50 years.This model is a great advance on previous ones.Under this system popular science education made great advances.in advance of: more highly developed 在⋯之前，超过

Their training facilities are far in advance of anything we have.in advance: ahead of time 预先，事先

Everything had been fixed in advance.8.deposit

v.to place sth.valuable, such as money, in a bank or brokerage account;to place valuables for safekeeping 存放，存储

n.a partial payment to hold goods or property until the buyer makes complete payment 定钱，押金

e.g.Sam deposited ten dollars in his savings account.Mrs.Heckler deposited her jewelry in a safe.She left a deposit on the coat.9.insert

v.to put sth.into, between, or among 插入，嵌入 e.g.The old lady carefully inserted the letter into an envelope carefully.The professor inserted a comment in the margin.A film of oil is inserted between the sliding surfaces of a bearing.10.account

n.money kept in a bank for present or future use;a character string that indentifies a user and is used by computer operating system in accounting or other services 账户，帐号

e.g.I have a checking account at Metropolitan Bank.The accounts were perfectly in order.He opened an account at my bank in your name.11.consequence

n.the result of doing sth.结果，后果 e.g.He drank heavily and died as a consequence.I’m quite willing to accept the consequence.He does not consider the consequences.Passage 2 :

Information Related to the Reading Passage 1.Proper phone etiquette tips

Proper phone etiquette is important at both a personal and professional level.Being polite on the telephone is just as important as when speaking with someone in person.You might be surprised at how good you feel about yourself if you use proper telephone etiquette and the positive responses received while talking on the phone.Here are a few telephone etiquette tips as an update to skills that are quite natural in many of us.Always answer the phone by saying “Hello” and not any other greeting.If the person who has been requested is not available, simply state that he or she “is not available at this time.May I take a message?” Not only does the person on the other end of the phone have a good impression about you, that feeling will apply to the person they are calling for as well.Always be quick and to the point while remaining pleasant during a phone call.Friends and family will continue with a telephone conversation if they have time, otherwise they are not likely to rush you off the phone no matter how busy they are.No one is perfect, so if you dial a wrong phone number, state your mistake, apologize and hang up the phone.2.Ways to answer a telephone at work

There are several accepted ways to answer a telephone at work.You can simply say “Hello” or you can say your name, as in “ June Johnson speaking.” You don’t need to say the company’s name if a receptionist or a secretary has already done so.Try to speak in a pleasant, unrushed voice.If you are rushed and can’t talk, it’s better to say this and make plans to call back later.Don’t rustle papers or work while you’re speaking on the phone.If you’re really too distracted to speak, then reschedule the call.It’s okay and sometimes even necessary to screen your calls.But there’s a right and a wrong way to do this.First, train your secretary to do it politely.It’s better to ask “May I know who’s calling?” than “ Who is this?” or even “ Who’s calling?” Second, don’t instruct your secretary to say you are out when you are in.It’s acceptable to be in but too busy to talk at the moment and it’s always better to be honest.Callers sense the difference, and besides, it may not look good ifyou’re always out.It’s rude not to return telephone calls regardless of whom they are from.You might be ignoring a potential customer.Many people today don’t bother to return phone calls, and if you work for someone else, it’s highly unlikely that such behavior is acceptable.When you do return calls, try to place them yourself.If you must have your secretary make the call, then get on the line immediately.It’s not polite to keep someone waiting when you’ve placed the call.Text

Business Telephone Etiquette for Success Proper telephone etiquette is more important than ever in today’s business environment.Much of our business communication takes place on the phone: in the office, at home, in the car, virtually anywhere.In various areas, proper phone technique can make or break deals or relationships.Look at these guidelines that can help you use the phone as a powerful tool.First is the greeting.When answering the phone for business, be sure to identify yourself and your company.If answering someone else’s line, be sure to include their name in your greeting, so that the other party does not think they have reached a wrong number.For example, if Bob Johnson answers Jim Smith’s line, he would say: “Jim Smith’s line, Bob Johnson speaking” and then take a message or handle the call, depending on how his office works.When you are the person making the call, be sure to use proper phone etiquette from the start.You want to be sure to be polite to the “gatekeepers” i.e.secretaries, receptionists etc.who answer the phone for your business contact, as they are the ones who have the power to put you through(or not), say, at 4:55 P.M.on Friday, when their boss is getting ready to leave the office.When you have reached the party, if your call has been expected, remind them of the prior conversation and appointment.People get busy and can seem surprised until you remind them of where they should remember you from.If your call is not expected, unless it will be a short call, ask the party if they have the time for you.If the other person does not have time, briefly state the purpose of your call and ask for an appointment to follow up at a later time.Have a phone diary.Keep a pencil and pad near the phone and jot notes during phone conversations.This will help you “actively listen” and have a reference later.Employ active listening noises such as “Yes” or “I see” or “Great”.This lets the other person know that you care about what they have to say.End the call on a positive note by thanking the other person for their time and express an interest in speaking with them again(if that is true).A gracious goodbye leaves the door open for further communication.In this global village today, you never know whom you will be doing business with in the future, so burning any bridges, or telephone lines, would be unwise.Language Points 1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences 1.(Para.2)If answering someone else’s line, be sure to include their name in your greeting, so that the other party does not think they have reached a wrong number.Analysis: This is a complex sentence.Be sure to include their name in your greeting is the main clause, which is an imperative sentence with the subject “you” being omitted;if answering someone else’s line is an adverbial clause of condition, with the subject “you” being omitted;so that introduces an adverbial clause of purpose.Translation: 如果你接的是别人的电话，一定要在问候时包含应接电话人的名字，以免对方误以为打错了电话。

Example: If answering the phone for business, be sure to identify yourself and your company.We’ll sit nearer to the front so that we can see better.2.(Para.2)For example, if Bob Johnson answers Jim Smith’s line, he would say: “Jim Smith’s line, Bob Johnson speaking” and then take a message or handle the call, depending on how his office works.Analysis: This is a complex sentence.The main clause is he would say „ and then take „ or handle the call.The subject of the main clause is he(Bob);and would say, take and handle are compound predicates.Depending on how his office works is a present participle phrase, serving as an adverbial of condition and modifying handle the call.Translation: 例如，如果鲍勃·约翰逊接的是吉姆·史密斯的电话线路，他会说“这是吉姆·史密斯的电话，我是鲍勃·约翰逊”，然后根据自己办公室的工作程序，记下留言或处理来电。

Example: The expenses you claim can vary enormously, depending on travel distances involved.3.(Para.4)If your call is not expected, unless it will be a short call, ask the party if they have the time for you.Analysis: This is a complex sentence.In this sentence, the imperative clause ask the party „ is the main clause with an if-clause;if they have the time for you as its object.Unless it will be a short call is an adverbial clause of concession.Translation: 如果你的电话不是他们期待的，除非你的电话内容很短，否则你要问问对方是否有时间和你交谈。

Example: He won’t finish his task in time unless he works hard.Unless you are trying to lose weight to please yourself, it’s going to be tough to keep your motivation level high.2 Important Words 1.virtually ad.in fact or for all practical purposes 事实上

e.g.It was reported that the city had been virtually paralyzed by the storm.Unemployment in this part of the country was virtually non-existent.2.identify

v.to establish or recognize(sb./ sth.)as a certain person or thing

辨认, 鉴别 e.g.The boy identified the bird as an eagle.The police officer refused to identify himself.They have already identified ten murder suspects.3.contact

n.the condition of being in communication 联系 e.g.We lost contact with our former neighbors after they moved.The polite was always in contact with an air traffic controller.Has your brother kept in contact with his friends from college? 4.put „ through

v.to connect(a caller)to the person they have telephoned 接通 e.g.She put the lady through immediately.Hold on, please.I’ll put you through to Mrs.Barnhart.Would you please put me through to your manager? 5.remind „ of

v.to make sure that sb.does not forget sth.提醒, 使想起 e.g.Thank you for reminding me of the meeting I have to attend.This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.The tune reminds me of the same play that we saw a few years ago.6.prior

a.coming before in time, order or importance 在前的 e.g.She denied prior knowledge of the meeting.He didn’t talk about his prior employment.7.follow up

5.大学教案说课稿 篇五

各位专家、各位老师，大家好！下面由我代表闪电联队说课，我说课的内容是“酶促反应的影响因素”，这是大学二年级生物科学专业生物化学课程中的一个内容，本节课的大目标是培养学生的辩证思维和科学研究能力，小目标有两个，一是能说出酶促反应的影响因素，二是能设计单因素试验论证酶促反应的最适反应条件，采用的课型方式是三元方式加平台互动，课时形态是联排课。

整个教学设计有六个环节，即视频导入、搭建平台、设计实验、科学论证、交流总结、拓展创新。因时间有限，下面，重点介绍设计实验和拓展创新两个环节。我们利用馒头这个素材提出问题，构建完多向度平台以后，6人组确定一个向度进行研究，在这里各组设计单因素实验方案是实现教学目标的关键一环，所以教师要引导学生充分地想，并且在设计过程中要注意控制变量，如底物浓度梯度的设定，其它因素条件的设定，为了得到更科学可行的实验方案，我们要求学生对方案进行二次排序，即重要性排序和重要性+可行性排序，并根据学生的设计情况进行反复优化，通过这样多次强化，学生的辨证思维能力得到训练。在科学论证环节，要严格按最终确定的方案科学地做，如果学生实验不成功，我们引导学生找出方案设计中的问题，进行二次实验，实验完成后各组用大卡呈现，全班浏览，教师归纳总结，确定酶促反应的最适条件。为了进一步提升学生解决问题的能力，我们提出 “设计四因素三水平正交实验，优化酶促反应的条件” 课后拓展创新课题，并组建科学研究团队，课题完成要求学生撰写论文。

在这里，我想跟大家分享一下教学成果，我们的学生在课外活动的成果参加大学生“挑战杯”课外科技论文竞赛获得国家级三等奖、省级一、二等奖。

6.新编大学英语说课教案 篇六

关键词：翻译教材，术语，理解错误

Abstract：In 獳 New Coursebook on English睠hinese Translation, a popular textbook for English majors in the university of China, there is an obvious misunderstanding in the translation of a scientific term.

Key words：translation textbook, term, misunderstanding

上海外语教育出版社出版的《新编大学英译汉教程》（华先发、邵毅，2007）中有这样一个例子：

British rail engineers at Railway Technical Center at Derby have trimmed the train餾 weight and drag substantially.（第263页）

教材提供的中文参考译文为：位于德比郡的铁路技术中心的英国铁路工程师大大削减了列车的重量，增加了牵引力。（第335页）

对比译文与原文，读者可以发现，原文中的同一个动词trim在译文中被处理成了两个意义完全相反的动词——“削减”和“增加”。把trimmed the trains weight翻译成“削减了列车的重量”，没有任何问题。但“增加了牵引力”是如何翻译出来的呢？有两种可能：第一种可能是由于粗心大意误解原文结构，把drag理解为动词，而drag确实有“拖，拉，牵引”的意思；第二可能是译文对trimmed drag作了正反转换处理。也就是说，译者认为，drag是“牵引力”的反义词，这就涉及专业科技知识问题。首先，来看drag的意义。查词典可知，该词是多义词，根据语境可以确定，该词在本句中的意思应该是：the retarding force exerted on a moving body by a fluid medium such as air or water或the force of the air that acts against the forward movement of an aircraft or vehicle，即“阻力”或“空气阻力”。因此，如果直译原文的话，应该是“减少阻力”。

解决了这个问题后，再看“阻力”与“牵引力”之间的关系。在列车运行过程中，有许多与列车运行方向相反的力，这些力是列车行进过程中必须通过机车牵引力来克服的力。这种作用在列车上阻止列车运行且不受人力操纵的外力，称为列车运行阻力，简称列车阻力。作用于列车上的阻力有许多种，一般来说，它们包括：(1)机车内部阻力，由汽缸、轴承以及机车内部各部件之间的摩擦和运行偏离产生的阻力；(2)与轴重相关的阻力，包括轴颈阻力、滚动阻力、线路阻力；(3)与速度相关的阻力，包括轮缘阻力、振荡阻力等；(4)与速度平方相关的阻力，一般称为空气阻力；(5)轨道模式阻力，与轨道形状相关的阻力；(6)风阻力；(7)外部载荷阻力，来自列车的照明与空调等；(8)曲线阻力；(9)坡度阻力；(10)加速度阻力；(11)启动惯性阻力。上述第1~5项阻力在列车行进过程中总是存在的，其他项则与列车运行状态相关。与轴重、速度和速度平方相关的阻力一般称为列车阻力。研究表明，作用在机车、车辆上的阻力与其重量成正比。所谓牵引力，一般理解为发动机产生的使交通工具前进的动力。列车牵引力是列车运行动力的来源，通过牵引机车或动车产生。从19世纪20年代火车诞生之初以蒸汽机为动力发展至今，列车已经主要由内燃机车、电力机车等提供动力。列车牵引力是由机车动力装置发出的内力经传动装置传递，在轮周上形成切线方向力，再通过轮轨间的黏着而产生的、由钢轨反作用于轮周上的外力。通过对电力机车进行分析，牵引力是由牵引电动机产生的内力传递到钢轨后得到的钢轨对机车的反作用力。

了解以上常识后，不难看出，牵引力与阻力并不存在直接的相反关系。换言之，“减少阻力”并不等于“增加牵引力”。所以上述译文是不正确的，也违背了基本的科学常识。“牵引力”的英文表达方式为traction、pulling power或pulling force。另外，把rail engineers翻译成“铁路工程师”虽然不算错，但不准确，建议译为“钢轨工程师”。全句试译为：位于德比郡的铁路技术中心的英国钢轨工程师大大削减了列车的重量和阻力。

耐人寻味的是，上述问题恰恰出现在教材中的“科技英语”翻译部分，这不能不引起对科技翻译的反思。应该说，教材对科技英语的特点及翻译时应注意的问题所作的理论阐述是很好的。为了引起读者重视，这里再对其主要观点作一概述。科技英语不同于日常英语、文学英语等语体，由于其独特的内容、使用域和语篇功能，在词汇、语法和语篇三个方面都表现出自己的特点。在词汇方面，科技英语中会出现许多专业术语，意义较为明确固定。同时，科技英语中有许多术语的词义还具有多专业化的特点，即同一术语在不同的专业中可能表达不同的专业概念。如operation在日常生活中指“操作”，在计算机科学中指“运算”，在医学中指“手术”，在军事方面指“作战”。同样地，上面提到的drag也有“锚”“摩擦力”“阻力”“拖车”等不同意思。在语法和语篇方面，主要有四个特点：第一，多用名词短语、符号、公式、缩略语或动词的非谓语形式（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）。第二，句式比较完整，变化也比较少；完全句多，省略句少；长句多，短句少；常常使用形式主语it引导的句式结构和that引导的主语从句。第三，在时态上，多用一般现在时和现在完成时；在语态上，多用被动语态。第四，讲究逻辑上的条理清晰和思维上的准确严密，基本上不使用感叹句、反意疑问句等，也很少使用各种修辞手法。

鉴于上述特点，在进行科技英语翻译时，要注意处理好三个层次的问题：第一，处理好词汇层次的问题，要求准确理解词义（注意不同的专业领域、借助语境和上下文），熟悉科技词汇的常见构词法，翻译时选词用字必须得体、规范，妥善处理术语规范。第二，处理好语法层次的问题，要求透彻分析原文句子结构，准确理解原句意义；熟练掌握常用句子结构的翻译；熟悉数量增减表达法。第三，处理好篇章层次问题，注意逻辑上的连贯性、表达上的明晰与畅达等。

上述错误的发生，说明了科技翻译的难度。善于通过查找工具书、利用信息技术来了解相关知识，弥补专业知识的不足，可以尽量避免类似错误的发生。