如何写英文摘要

如何写英文摘要（共9篇）

1.如何写英文摘要 篇一

如何写好英文摘要

收录学报文章的国外检索数据库刊登的条目内容有题名、作者、英文摘要、参考文献等等。摘要的质量非常重要。一方面检索数据库要依据摘要的质量来决定该文章是否被收录；另一方面读者要根据摘要提供的信息考虑是否阅读、引用原文，如能被利用，才能体现文章的学术价值，提高原文的引用频次。因此希望广大作者按规范认真编写英文摘要。具体要求如下：

1.英文摘要应与中文摘要相对应；

2.语言简洁。避免使用一长串形容词或名词来修饰名词。不加评论语句，如“相当满意”、“令人可喜”等。不使用多余的词语，如“据报道……”、“大量的调查表明……”等。尽量减少背景信息，如历史或其它注释。不要写作者将来的打算。应尽量删去的主要字句有：in this paper、based on the analyses conducted、on the above basis、in detail、briefly、mainly、in addition、qualitatively、furthermore等等；

3.信息量要完整，能够全面包含论文的关键信息，主要内容有：目的（主题）、研究方法（途经）、研究结果和结论；

4.首句不得简单重复题名中已有的信息，要采用简洁的被动语态或原形动词开头，如：

A mathematical model for digital closed-loop fiber-optics gyroscopes was established to get the difference equation of the model.To study…，To describe…，To investigate…，To assess…，To determine…

5.描述目的、结论等用一般现在时，说明研究的方法、过程等用一般过去时。较少采用现在完成时态、过去完成时态、进行时态等；

6.长度一般不能超过150个英文单词，但也不能太短；

7.一般情况下不能用缩写，尤其是不常用的专业词语，应使用全称，且均用小写；

8.不要有数学公式、矩阵、数列、希腊字母，不要出现角标的角标等不规范字符。

以下列出两篇文章的摘要：

飞机穿越风切变时的地速/空速控制

为解决飞机穿越风切变过程中控制系统解耦和飞行轨迹的实时/在线控制问题，对飞机纵向三自由度非线性模型，运用非线性动态逆方法，在风轴系中设计了飞行轨迹的高度变化率/空速控制模式。对两种控制模式进行比较并将其结合起来，得到更加完善的地速/空速控制率。仿真计算表明动态逆方法在飞机穿越风切变的轨迹控制过程中实用有效。

Ground-speed/air-speed control of airplane during

penetration of wind shear

To design the control logic during the penetration of wind shear, nonlinear inverse dynamics method was employed to achieve the decoupling of the nonlinear flight control system and the implementation of the real-time/on-line control for the flight trajectory.Climb rate/air speed control mode in the wind-coordinate system and climb rate/ground-speed control mode in the ground-coordinate system were developed.These two modes were integrated to form ground speed/air speed control law.The simulative calculation results show that the nonlinear inverse dynamics method works effective in the trajectory control of airplane during the penetration of wind shear.感应加热中功率延伸电缆结构形式的优选设计

在某些特殊工艺的感应加热中，感应线圈需要通过延伸电缆与电源连接。为了解决延伸电缆带来的功率损耗高的问题，分析了并行实芯导体结构、同轴空心导体结构和多束细漆包线密布结构等3种结构形式的电缆的功率损耗和回路电感储能的情况，并进行了实验测定与分析，结果表明，多束细漆包线密布结构电缆上的功率损耗最小，同轴空心导体结构电缆回路的电感量最小。据此，提出了以同轴空心导体结构为基本结构，内、外导体为多束细漆包线密布而成的延伸电缆结构形式。

Optimization design of connecting power cable in induction heating In some induction heating process, induction coil is connected with power source through connecting power cable.In order to solve the problem of lower heating efficiency brought by connecting power cable, the power loss and the energy stored in inductance during induction heating were calculated.The parallel solid cables, the coaxial hollow cables and the cables made by lots of electrically insulated slim lines were tested and analyzed.It shows that the cables made by lots of electrically insulated slim lines have the lowest power loss and the coaxial hollow cables have the lowest inductance.So an advantageous cable structure is put forward, which is arrayed around same axis by lots of electrically insulated slim lines for both inside conductor, and outside conductor, and the middle of inside conductor is hollow.

2.如何写英文摘要 篇二

摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的, 不加评论和补充解释, 简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。其基本要素包括:①目的———研究、研制、调查等的前提、目的和任务, 所涉及的主要范围;②方法———所用的原理、理论、条件、对象、材料、工艺、结构、手段、装备、程序等;③结果———实验、研究的结果, 数据, 被确定的关系, 观察结果, 得到的效果, 性能等;④结论———结果的分析、研究、比较、评价、应用, 提出的问题, 今后的课题, 假设, 启发, 建议, 预测等;⑤其他———不属于研究、研制、调查的主要目的, 但就其见识和情报价值而言也是重要的信息。

3.调查报告：用英文如何写 篇三

调查报告的特点：

1．针对性。即对新情况、新问题，有针对性地进行调查研究之后所作的书面回答。

2．真实性。调查报告是为解决实际问题的，因此，客观事实是调查报告的基础。

3．论理性。由于要对大量材料的分析与综合，遵循由事论理，寓理论事，最后引出结论。

4．典型性。选取调查对象要典型；文章所运用的材料也要典型。

5．时效性。由于是急需解决的问题，从调查研究到定稿的各个环节都要抓紧时间，否则，“时过境迁”，就失去了指导意义。

调查报告的分类：

1．按内容：基本调查报告，典型调查报告。

2．按题目：综合调查报告，专题调查报告。

3．按时间：历史性调查报告，新事物调查报告。

调查报告的结构：

调查报告一般由标题、概况、调查内容、结论和落款组成。

标题：直接了当说明调查问题。

概况：说明调查的目的、对象、时间、经过和调查的问题。

内容：是调查报告的核心，也是对调查研究结果的具体引证、说明。

结论：总结全文，提出建议或对策等，要求简明扼要，言尽即止。

落款：即调查单位或调查人的姓名。

调查报告的撰写 :

撰写调查报告要把握三个环节：一是深入调查，获取材料，对调查获取的大量原始材料，要进行筛选；二是认真分析研究，揭示客观规律，确定主旨，用事实说话，把观点和材料统一起来；三是精心谋篇布局，完成撰拟工作。

调查报告的语言特点：

要善于综合运用叙述、说明、议论的表达方式，把观点和材料紧密结合起来。以一般过去时为主，其它时态辅助。时态的多样性和多用动词，尤其是表示增减句型是调查报告常见的表达。这样才使调查报告鲜活、真实。当然其它词性和过渡词的应用也为调查报告增色。

例题分析：

最近，你作为研究性学习课题组的成员就高中英语新教材的看法在同学中间开展了一次调查，调查的结果如下：

请根据以上调查结果，写一篇120词左右的调查报告。报告的开头已给出。

I recently surveyed my classmates about their views on the new English textbook…

写前指导：

1．分析内容：真对英语新教材，就同学们的喜好程度写一篇调查报告。

2．审题定调：体裁——调查报告；主体时态——一般过去时；中心人称——第一人称。

3．确定要点：提出问题（英语新教材的看法）；调查内容（学生喜好程度）；结论（新教材帮助学生提高了英语水平）。

4．精心组句：

①…surveyed my classmates about their views on the new English textbook.

②…80% of the students were quite satisfied with it. …15% disliked it and 5% had no opinion.

③…the pictures with the texts were very attractive, … aroused their interests in learning.

④…some students complained more new words and difficult sentences.

⑤ …the new English textbook has helped most students improve their English enormously.

5．连句成文：细构思，观全局，理清顺序，巧过渡，连句成文。

范文赏析：

One possible version:

I recently surveyed my classmates about their views on the new English textbook.

According to the survey, 80% of the students were quite satisfied with it, while 15% disliked it and 5% had no opinion. Students who liked it said the pictures with the texts were very attractive, which greatly aroused their interests in learning. Moreover, the book was very interesting, covering many hot topics and providing lots of cultural knowledge of the world. However, students who disliked it complained there were too many new words and difficult sentences, making the texts difficult to understand.

In conclusion, the new English textbook has helped most students improve their English enormously.

Group 1 leader Li Ming

名师点评：

1．总体评价：结构完整，思路清晰，短文字里行间反映了英语调查报告的基本格式和要求。

2．亮点欣赏：

高级词汇：satisfy, attractive, arouse, provide, complain…

复杂句式： …while 15% disliked it and 5% had no opinion.

…which greatly aroused their interests in learning.

…making the texts difficult to understand.

恰当的过渡：while, moreover, however,…

3. 第二段的时态也可用现在时;

动手练练：

（1）下面的饼状图（pie chart）显示了你对你校学生兴趣爱好的调查结果。请你用英语给English Weekly写一篇短文，报道你的调查结果，并对此结果发表你的看法或建议。字数120词左右。首句已给出（不计入词数）。

A recent survey shows what the students of our school like to do in their spare time.

One possible version:

A recent survey shows what the students of our school like to do in their spare time.

From the pie chart, we can see 53% of the students like sports, so doing sports is the most popular activity in our school. The second popular activity for students is surfing the internet and 36% of the students have interest in it. Only a few students, about 8 percent of them, take reading as a hobby. And even fewer are fond of playing musical instruments.

In my point of view, our school should have more sports facilities built to satisfy the need of the students. Guidance should be given to students on surfing the Internet and ways must be found to arouse students’ interests in reading and music.

（2）根据下列表格内容，写一篇调查报告。

注意：1.词数120左右。2. 可适当增加细节，使短文内容完整。

One possible version:

A survey based on 1000 students finds nearly half of pupils and 80% of middle school students sleep fewer than eight hours every night. And too much homework is the main reason. Some homework is given by school teachers, and some by parents. Another reason lies in students’ bad habits. Some students, for example, are absent-minded while doing homework. Or some do not make good use of their after-class time. All this can be a great waste of time, the study said. The third reason is also worth mentioning. Some students have to get up early on weekends to get to school far away from home on time by bus or by bike.

Educational experts are calling on schools and parents to cut down the amount of homework, and students to use their time constructively, so that the children can enjoy at least 8 hours of sleep for their healthy growth. And it would be best if they could choose to study in a nearby school.

4.英文毕业论文摘要怎么写 篇四

我国大部分高校都要求英语专业的学生撰写毕业论文摘要，其作用是对所写论文进行简要概述，包括研究论题、方法、意义以及由此得出的结论。通过问阅读摘要，读者可不必浏览全文便能把损论文的主旨。内容决定形式.摘要简明扼要的特点决定其用词需要精练准确，紧扣论题。您不妨查看一下本站提供的：毕业论文摘要格式，英文摘要的书写技巧，英文摘要的写作要求，英文论文摘要常用语句，英文论文和摘要写作的一点体会。

英语毕业论文摘要和关键词

一般来说，毕业论文摘要的字数要求在100一200个单词左右。尽管摘要的具体内容因所选专业和论题而异，但其各组成部分的撰写格式还是有一定的规律可循的。

(1)主题句。

摘要的第一句话往往开门见山，宜奔主题，提出研究目的和对象。常用句式如下。

The purpose of this paper is...The primary goal of this research is...In this paper(article), we aim at...(2)主体句。

在概述了论题后接下来就要进一步以所涉及的研究方法、实验过程、调查或论证分析等具体内容来填充骨架。常用的句式如下。

The method used in this is known as...The technique we have uses is referred to as...The procedure can be described as...(3)结束句。

从某种意义上说，摘要就相当于一篇微型论文，其结束句的功能也类似本论中的结论，需要阐明结果，说明应用，点明意义或引发反思。其常用句式如下。

Ih conclusion, we state that...In summing up it may be stated that..Therefore, it can be concluded that...如果说摘要是整篇论文的缩影，那么关键词就是从中提炼出的精华，它们直指中心

论题，是论文中出现频率最高的词汇，同时也是论文论述的焦点。关键词大多为名词

形式，字数一般为4—6个，个数限制在2—10个，其问用逗号隔开，首字母不必大写。

例如，Thts thesis anempts to look into the inner 5ystem of Humourous utterances, Based on the principles of cognitive-pragmatics，this paper brings some more examples ofhummours utterances into the scope of relevance theory to explore the theoretical expLanation for humourous unerance.Key woTds;relevance theory，humourous utterance

从这篇摘要还可以看出关键词的提取离不开论文的标题，因为后者是全文主旨的高度沈缩.起着高屋建瓴的作用。

5.如何写英文摘要 篇五

1.我的修改，点击右键会出现想要的操作，接受插入，接受格式更改等。如果认同我的观点就选是，否则就选否。

2.论文中明显的抄袭现象改过来，比如标点符号，明显的网页字体都改过来。

3.论文用word排版，不要用wps，可能不能兼容 4.目录建议设两级 5.论文的序号一般

首先是章如第一章，然后是节如1.1，其次是主题如1.1.1，再次是，接着是（1），然后是①。一般正文中不会出现1.，2.这样的序号。序号是1.，（1），①时，前面要空两个字符。段落首行要空两个字符。

6.论文在修改的过程中在文件左上方标上序号，表示修改第几遍 7.给我发邮件时，文件名是姓名+文档主体（论文还是开题报告还是提纲等）

8.首行空两格，标题后面不需要标点符号。参考文献后面用句号。表的序号分割符用.，不用-；图表上下各空一行，每章开头空一行；标题直到三级，三级以下的用（1），（2）。目录中包括中英文摘要的页码。

9.设标题的方法从样式这个菜单里面找，上面有一级标题，二级标题，三家标题等。8.参考文献格式，人名的后面用点，[M]或[J]的后面用点，期刊名后面开始用逗号。引用的是书[M]标上出版年，引用的是[J]标上页码。如下：

[1] 陆勇.创新企业培训理念和工作思路[J].中国石化,2009(9):80~81 [2] 桂绍海.世界500强企业标杆员工培训理念[M].北京：中国城市出版社，2009.[3] Marcia p.miceli, Robert L.Heneman.Contextual determinants of variable pay plan design: a proposed research framework[J].Human Resource Management Review, 2000（11）:289-305.如何写摘要、总结和展望

如何写摘要（摘要部分可以在定稿的时候写）

一般分三段，第一段写你的论文的研究背景与意义；第二段写论文解决了哪些问题，围绕这些问题研究了哪些内容；第三段写你的论文的创新或贡献。

如何写总结和展望（总结和展望部分可以在定稿的时候写）

6.关于撰写英文摘要的要求 篇六

(1) 英文摘要须在中文摘要修改的基础上进行撰写, 内容应与中文摘要一致。

(2) 英文摘要应与中文摘要中的格式一致, 必须包括目的、方法、结果及结论四部分。

(3) 英文摘要的文字应注意语法严密、准确, 符合英文科技语言的语法习惯。字母拼写正确无误, 大小写、正斜体、上下角标明确, 同时附3~5个关键词 (Key words) 。

(4) 英文摘要中应尽量少用缩略语, 需要时, 必须在该缩略语第一次出现时注明全称。

7.文章英文摘要 篇七

An 80-Year-Old Artist Who Has Been Working Ceaselessly: Some Reflections on the Concert of Music by Lu Yuan

Lu Yuan and I were contemporaries in youth. A little older than me, and an old friend of mine, he had already been a renowned composer when I was still an unknown young man. Recently, for over a month, I have read news on major newspapers about his forthcoming concert to be held at the Great Hall of the People. I certainly feel glad from the very bottom of my heart at such great achievements that my old friend, the 80-year-old accomplished composer Lu Yuan has made so far.

The concert, entitled ″Our Life Is Full of Sunshine: The Concert of Works by the 80-Year-Old Lu Yuan″, features Lu Yuan's works over a period of 55 years from 1954 to 2008, many of which are so famous songs that they have been enjoying great popularity in China over these years. Being a diligent composer, he has created, apart from the works performed at the concert, many great works in forms of operas, musical and dance dramas, sound track music for films and TV dramas, and symphonies.

Lu Yuan's music is characterized by its distinctive style of vivid, ethnic melody, which forms a perfect combination of ethnic nature and modern life of social reality. ″The Bright Moon on August 15 in Lunar Calendar″ is just one of such examples.

He has shown in his works his love for his motherland. He was born in the old China, and experienced the Liberation War and witnessed the founding of the new republic. Out of his own experiences in the great changes in the country, he composed such passionate songs as ″ Song of Constructers″, ″Where Does the Street Vendor Come From″, and ″Song of Kelamayi″, all of which pay a tribute to the construction of a new nation. With his profound understandings of the new society and all the difficult historical times, he cherishes more the new life after the beginning of reforms and opening up to the outside world, and hence he uttered his eulogies in his songs such as ″Our Life Is Full of Sunshine″, ″Our Tomorrow Will Be Sweeter Than Honey″, ″Song of Peony″ and ″The Spring Water Is Tinkling″.

Lu Yuan's works were deeply based on real life. In his music career while working in the Art Troupe of the Ministry of Construction and later on in the Navy Political Department Art Troupe, he had been keen on going deep into social reality. Many of his outstanding works actually originated from his personal experience in real life. He has been doing so even after the beginning of the reform and opening drive, regardless of his old age. When I was working with the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), China's top advisory body, I often paid inspection visits to some cities and large-scale enterprises, and I frequently heard that Lu Yuan had been there and had composed suites of songs for such important construction projects as the Three Gorges Dam and Dayawan Nuclear Power Plant. This is the very reason why his works are so lively, vivid and full of vitality.

Lu Yuan is a versatile artist. In the second half of the concert I heard two Japanese songs which he translated from Japanese into Chinese, making them popular in China. This reminds me of my previous visit to Japan in 2002 with a Chinese musicians' delegation. Although we had an official interpreter, it was Lu Yuan who made the oral interpretation at the seminar on Dan Ikuma's operas and during my speech as head of the delegation. His translation was excellent, with such vivid language that won appraisal from our Japanese friends. He has excellent knowledge of Japanese language, and he is also versed in Chinese language. He had published his collections of poems and essays in his early years with considerably high artistic level. Of all the songs in this concert, 12 have lyrics written by himself. He is also a good violinist. He had once played my violin solo piece ″Yanko Dance″ that I composed in 1950. And I had no idea of that at all until he told me this during a conference of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles some years ago.

Some Thoughts on the National Competition for Composition of Excellent Popular Songs

The widely known National Competition for Composition of Excellent Popular Songs concluded with great success recently. The competition, which lasted a year and a half, has attracted numerous lyric writers and music composers from both home and abroad, with a record high participation rate and submission of over 25,000 original works. The unexpected high quantity and quality of entries have made the competition the largest one of the same kind in the history of New China. Here I would like to present from the perspective of the competition organizer my view on the significance of the event and some of my thoughts on the current situation of popular song composition.

First, in spite of the inevitably unbalanced quality level in this nation-wide competition, there do exist in some of the participating works a kind of ″consciousness stream″ style apparently with unconstrained and often obscure creation. Song writing is production of spiritual products, oriented towards the public and intended to serve the public. This is the standpoint for any song writing. And likewise, it applies to popular song writing, which should observe the artistic rules of lyric writing. In this competition, some works have shown such an unhealthy tendency that we should deal with seriously. In the present time of advanced internet technology and media, works of such kind may easily be spread by means of internet, and therefore this must be solved in effective and active ways.

Second, technical imperfection in popular song writing has been exposed in this competition. As a result of low production cost and easy access for entry works, the good and bad works are intermingled in the seemingly ″overall prosperous″ situation. In general, one may discover the following problems: too many works with similar elements or with lack of innovation in music language; insufficient delicacy in music composition, including instrumentation, post-synchronization, recording, harmony polyphony and texture application; and out-of-fashion music language and orchestration. Also, in some works one finds marginized subject matters that indulge simply in the author's own ″ego″.

Third, due to stagnant research on music theory, there has been no predictive direction in popular song writing both technically and ideologically. In recent years, no sufficient attention has been paid to the overall environment and development tendency of popular song writing while more attention has been focused on research and analysis of specific works. It is obvious that many problems that were discovered in the competition should have been dealt with and resolved theoretically.

8.英文简历如何写 篇八

出色的英语可能成为你得到梦寐以求的工作的关键，但你必须首先了解申请工作的过程。按照我们极妙的简历写作诀窍，保证使你的简历从众人中脱颖而出！

resume or CV?

一份resume是求职者的资格、技能和经验的一个摘要。在英国被称作 CV或者curriculum vitae。

Executive or entry-level?

一份简历可根据你申请职位种类的不同而被分成不同的几部分。一份executive（管理级别）的简历也可能看起来和一份entry-level（第一份工作）的简历完全不同。

Objective

这是有时加在简历开头的一部分内容，用来描述申请者的应聘目标：他或者她希望得到的具体的职位。

Personal profile

这是一个囊括了求职者主要技能、个人品质、所获成绩的概述，通常写在简历的开头处。

qualifications or education

这部分描述了你的教育和培训情况：你上了哪所大学，学了什么专业，还有你取得了哪些资格证书。

academic awards

这部分列举了任何honors你所获得的（奖励）。还包括经济上的奖励像 fellowships，scholarships和 grants。

work experience or employment history

简历的这部分是要描述你先前的工作，包括头衔、职责、雇佣的时长以及所取得的主要业绩。

certifications and publications

一份专业化的简历可能还要写上你的certifications（专业考试或执照），publications（你出版的书或文章）或affiliations（专业组织的成员资格）。

references

这部分列出了推荐人的名单，例如你的老师或以前的雇主。

cover letter

9.如何写个人英文简历 篇九

Resume Writing in the Digital Age

Writing an eye-catching resume is becoming increasingly difficult as automated search agents increasingly replace the “eyes” of recruiters. As automation advances, your resume will be read by more computers and fewer people. As a result, using the appropriate key words and proper formatting are critical to securing an interview.

The advantage of all the new technology is that you can easily and quickly submit a resume to a wide range of employers.

Follow these steps:

Your name and address, including e-mail, should appear on the top.

In the experience and achievements section, your employer's name, your title, and the dates of employment should be clearly displayed. Start with your most recent position. Choosing the appropriate keywords to describe your experience will increase the likelihood of your resume landing on the screen of the recruiter's desktop. Scan the ads posted on this site and note the language they use to describe the detail of the responsibilities and requirements. Do these words and phrases appear on your resume? You need to think like a recruiter.

In the education section, be sure to include your school's name, your degree or certificate, and your date of graduation. In addition, include any memberships in professional associations or organizations; recruiters sometimes list these organizations as variables in their queries.

Do not include a references tagline, personal data (i.e. birthday, marital status), or hobbies.

Your resume should be one or two pages in length. When submitting a paper copy, include your name on the top of the second page. Always use a second sheet of paper if your resume is longer than one page.

Use non-decorative fonts on your resume. Scanners are more accurate with clear distinct characters.

A font size of 10-14 is ideal, stick with these sizes.

Use white space to make your experiences stand out. Make it easier for the recruiter to follow your professional career.