上海大同中学高一英语

上海大同中学高一英语（精选8篇）

1.上海大同中学高一英语 篇一

上海新世纪英语高一全部课文

高一 doctor.In some countries parents often decide what careers their children will follow---especially their sons.Tchaikovsky(柴可夫斯基，1840-1893，俄国作曲家), the composer of Swan Lake(芭蕾舞剧《天鹅湖》), was asked to study law.He, however, didn‟t take an interest in it.Tchaikovsky made a great decision on his own.He gave up his government service later and started to study music.Some people think the young are probably going to be successful because they are doing the things they most want to do in life.Many people, however, disagree with them.3.Michelangelo Michelangelo(米开朗琪罗，1475-1564，意大利文艺复兴时期成就卓著的科学家、艺术家)was an Italian artist about 500 years ago.Today he is still remembered as a great sculptor, painter, and architect.Michelangelo came from a poor family.He was trained at an early age like any other craftsman in Italy.At thirteen, he started to work and learn in a workshop.The workshop belonged to one of the leading masters at that time.In the workshop Michelangelo was able to learn all the skills of sculpture.However, he wasn‟t satisfied, and went on to study the work of the great masters of the past.Michelangelo worked hard and he mastered one problem after another.By the time he was 30, he was generally regarded as one of the outstanding sculptors of the age.In 1508, Michelangelo was given a task---to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel(位于罗马梵蒂冈的西斯廷教堂).At first, he tried to turn down this job, saying that he was not really a painter, but a sculptor.Finally, he agreed to do it.He then shut himself up in the chapel, let no one come near him, and got ready to work alone.It took him four years to complete the paintings on the ceiling.Any ordinary person would find it hard to imagine what Michelangelo had gone through in those four years of hard and lonely work.Michelangelo, while working, had to lie on his back and paint.As a result, he became so used to looking upward that when he received a letter during that period, he had to hold it over his head to read it.Finally, the paintings were completed.The great and huge paintings on the ceiling and walls of the chapel have ever since become a fascination to people in Italy and all over the world.Michelangelo left us with a great number of sculptures and paintings.Today his works are still examples for art students to study and follow.Home and overseas visitors can‟t help but admire these masterpieces.4.Jim Corrigan Jim Corrigan, a well-built man in his late 20‟s, works in a large hospital.Jim is an X-ray technician.It is his job to develop the many X-ray films that are taken of people‟s lungs, stomachs and other body parts.Jim works in a darkroom, a room that is specially equipped for developing film.First he removes the film from the lead plates(金属片)that are used to hold it.Then he feeds the film into a developing machine.It takes about 90 seconds for it to develop.The film is then ready to be examined by a doctor.Jim‟s work is important, and both doctors and patients eagerly, often worriedly, wait for the results of his work.Jim doesn‟t keep them waiting too long.He is quick and orderly at his job.This would not be unusual except for the fact that Jim Corrigan is blind.“In the beginning it was tricky,” Jim explains, “The film comes in five different sizes.And

sometimes I would get them mixed up.But I have never let a mistake get out of the darkroom.” After some time, Jim learned to measure the film by running his fingers over the edges.“I have a system,” explains Jim, “so that I can find things easily in the darkroom.It‟s a simple system.I just keep my materials in order and put them back in the same place after I use them.I don‟t have to search for anything.”

“Jim is quite capable and can be trusted,” says his boss, “I wouldn‟t have him working here if he weren‟t.And that brings me to the question of handicapped people.You can‟t let yourself get upset about them.They want to be treated just like anybody else---and they should be.They don‟t want you to fell sorry for them.”

No one has to feel sorry for Jim Corrigan.5.Starting a conversation with a foreigner in English As you rode on the bus one day, a foreigner sat down beside you.Finally, here was a perfect opportunity for you to practice speaking English with a foreigner, you thought to yourself.But no words came into your head.You were tongue-tied!After 15 minutes, the foreigner got off the bus and you didn‟t utter a word!“What a shame!” you said to yourself.If you have had such an experience, don‟t feel bad.You‟re not alone.What you need is a lesson in small talk.Here are some tips that will show you how to get started.“HELLO”---A STARTER First, exchange a “Hello” or “Hi” with the foreigner, but at the same time, pay close attention and see if he feels like chatting.Watch his facial expression and body language for cues.Having said his “Hello” or “Hi” in return, does he just stare out of the window or keep reading the book in his hand? That‟s the cue for you to stop moving on.Don‟t force a conversation on someone who wants to be left alone.But what if the person stops whatever he is doing and looks back or smiles at you? These are positive cues, indicating you can keep talking and start a conversation!SMALL TALK---THE MAIN COURSE To start a conversation, you should choose a suitable topic.Then, what are the rules for choosing a suitable topic? Perhaps the most universal topic of any conversation is the weather.Everyone has an opinion to share about the weather!Don‟t immediately launch into serious topics like politics or religion.And don‟t talk about personal matters, either.Stick to familiar subjects of a casual nature such as movies, music, sports, favourite things, or one‟s likes and dislikes.Small talk flows naturally.Raise open-ended questions rather than yes-no questions to keep the conversation going.Try to find points of connection between you and the person you are chatting with.Offer short comments on what the other person says, and listen attentively when what you say is being commented on.If you get such comments as “That‟s interesting.”, “I agree.”, or “Me too.” then you know you‟re on the right track.You can have a lot of fun chatting in English with foreigners.They will, too.Try it!Making small talk can be one of life‟s pleasures.6.Never too busy for social manners So you forgot to answer that party invitation you received.Now, the day has come and gone, and you‟re feeling guilty because you never told the host you couldn‟t attend.“Don‟t allow this oversight(疏忽)to ruin your relationship,” says R.Thomas Boone, a US social psychologist.“I would show up with a bottle of wine and say, „I owe(感激，亏欠)you one.I‟m really sorry‟,” Boone says.Send an e-mail, make a phone call or reach out to the host another way.Whatever the method，do it as soon as possible.If guests don‟t answer the invitations on time, the host cannot possibly plan for the correct amount of food and drink.This may lead to hundreds or even thousands of dollars of waste.“Everybody has a busy schedule now,” Boone says.If you know you are forgetful when it comes to making phone calls, try emailing your RSVPs as soon as the invitation arrives.RSVP is the short form of the French phrase “répondez s‟il vous plaît”, meaning “Reply, if you please”.The following are some commonly used terms in invitation letters and their meanings.Be sure to know these and answer invitations properly.RSVP, REGRETS ONLY Only guests who can‟t attend need reply.You need to give a proper reason why you can‟t attend.RSVP BY… Guests should respond with yes or no by the date indicated on the invitation.Setting a date gives guests a deadline.It is also a deadline for the host to connect guests who haven‟t reply.RSVP BY E-MAIL Guests can respond by e-mail.Unlike phone calls, e-mails can be sent without regard to time of day or location.7.Holidays and festivals in the United Kingdom There are many national holidays in the United Kingdom.Among them, Easter, and Christmas are two of the most famous.EASTER The date of Easter varies each year.It usually falls in March or April.During the Easter holiday, people give each other chocolate Easter eggs.The eggs are opened and eaten on Easter Sunday.On Good Friday(the day before Easter, when Christians observe the day on which Christ died), hot cross buns(复活节前一个星期五吃的十字面包)are sold.They are toasted and eaten with butter.Easter Monday(the day after Easter)is a Bank Holiday.On that day, banks and other major businesses are closed;people may enjoy a trip to the seaside or watch an exciting sports game, such as football, or horse-racing.CHRISTMAS For most British families, Christmas is certainly the most important holiday of the year.Families decorate their houses in bright colours.Usually a Christmas tree is placed in the front room, shining with coloured lights and interesting decorations.On the morning of Christmas Day(December 25), many people go to church to celebrate the birth of Christ(耶稣基督).In the afternoon, they stay at home and open the gifts that were gathered around the tree.Later, they may watch the Queen appear on television to deliver her traditional Christmas message to the whole country.In the evening, the families sit down to a big goose(sometimes turkey)dinner.They round off the meal with pudding, a Christmas specialty.Many traditions are connected with Christmas.For children, the most important one is that of receiving gifts.On Christmas Eve(December 24), they usually leave a long stocking hanging by the bed or by the fireplace.They hope that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and bring them small presents.They are usually not disappointed!December 26, Boxing Day, is also a public holiday.This is the time to visit friends or watch football.Students have several weeks off school for Christmas.8.How do different cultures around the world celebrate the New Year? Get ready to say good-bye to the old, hello to the new!What‟s the occasion? The coming of the New Year.Many Western cultures measure their days with the solar calendar.Therefore, they observe the coming of New Year on January 1.Cultures in Asia and Middle East use other calendars, such

as the more ancient lunar calendar.They celebrate the New Year at other times.Events and ceremonies vary from country to country.But in each places, New Year celebrations are a big meal.Most world cultures have been celebrating the New Year for centuries.The earliest New Year celebrations took place during spring or harvest time.With better weather ahead, or plenty of food to eat in winter, people naturally felt like having a party!As the days became longer and as nature renewed itself, people also felt like they could have a new start.Past disappointments could be forgotten.The New Year could bring better fortune, more opportunities and new challenges.Such universal themes remain the same today.Some cultures have unusual New Year traditions.Italians throw old things out of their windows at midnight, symbolizing the departure of the old.Mexicans fire guns into the air to keep away misfortunes.New Year celebrations also involve having fun.Some cultures view the New Year as an opportunity to let off fireworks.In New York City‟s Times Square, thousands gather on December 31 to count down the last seconds of the year.A giant silver ball is lowered at the stroke of midnight.London, England, hosts an annual New Year‟s Day parade that draws nearly a million spectators.The largest parade in Europe, it features bands and enormous balloons.These balloons are so huge that they tower over nearby buildings!How will you celebrate the New Year? Think about the themes you find meaningful during this season.Do you hope for a new start or a chance to turn over a new leaf? whatever the case, we wish you well.Happy New Year!9.Man’s four-legged friend The sun was shining and it was warm.Robin, a shepherd, was lying on the grass, enjoying the beautiful sunshine.His guard, a sheepdog, was standing next to him, looking at the flock of sheep.This is only a scene in a movie, but it does give us a real picture showing man‟s relationship with dogs.For a long time in history, dogs were not only being raised to work as man‟s guards, but they were also being trained to do many other jobs.Some were made to pull carts;others were bred to smell out enemies or track the scent of big animals.In addition to these hunting and working dogs, other breeds came to be used in sports, police work and as pets as well.In a way dogs have become man‟s friends and working partners.If you have a dog you love as a pet, you share some of your life with it.The dog lives in your home, keeps you company and goes on trips with you.Dogs rely on their excellent sense of smell to tell things apart.This sharp sense helps man and dogs themselves get over a lot of difficulties.A detective once trained a dog---Sauer.In 1925 while he was thinking hard about how to catch a thief.Sauer worked alone and tracked the thief after covering a distance of 160 kilometres.Sauer did this by scent alone.In 1923 a couple lost their dog Bobbie while they were travelling.Six months later Bobbie turned up at the family house.He had covered a distance of some 3,200 kilometres.The dog had travelled back through the Rocky Mountains in the depths of winter.Dogs are indeed man‟s best friends.Yet sometimes even the friendliest dog can bring death with its bite!This is not because it has changed in character, but because it has been infected with a terrible disease---rabies(狂犬病).The disease is passed on by a bite from an infected dog at any stage.When an infected person shows symptoms, death is certain to follow shortly after.So, in

order to prevent the disease, a person should go to a doctor at once if he has been bitten by a dog.Dogs remain man‟s best friends, but we should also try our best to guard against the horrible disease that can be carried by these friends.10.Well done, Spotty!We were walking alone when we saw the Wilkins‟ children playing in their yard.The three girls were taking turns pushing a cart.Their one-year-old twin brothers and a big doll were in it.Just as we walked by them, a wheel came off.Freckles, my friend, fixed it for them.Then they all went upstairs to play some games.After a while Mrs Wilkins went out, and left the twins with the girls.Well, it wasn‟t much fun for me, and soon I went to sleep.I must have slept pretty hard and pretty long.All of a sudden I woke up and could hardly breathe.Everybody was gone.The room was full of smoke!The house was on fire!I started down the stairs and stumbled over a gray bunch.“That belongs to Freckles,” I thought.“It‟s the gray sweater that he likes so much.I might as well take it down to him.”

I took the sweater in my mouth and started down again.It weighed so much.So I dropped it on one of the stairs.Then I went back up to look out of a window.I wanted to see why there was so much noise.The whole town was in the front yard and in the street!In the middle of the crowd was Mrs Wilkins, who was carrying on like a mad woman.Mr.Wilkins was jumping up and down and shouting loudly, “I‟ve got the babies!I‟ve got the babies!” He had a real baby in one arm and the big doll in the other.He was so excited that ha thought he had both babies.Later I heard what had happened.The kids had thought they were escaping with both twins.But one of them had saved the doll and left a twin behind.“Well,” I decided, “I‟d better get out of here fast.This place is really beginning to burn!” As I ran down the stairs, I knocked into the gray bunch again.So I picked it up.I got out the back way with that package swinging from my mouth.I walked round to the front yard and set it down very quickly.It let out a cry!“My baby!” shouted Mrs Wilkins.And she started to kiss me and the babies.“Three cheers for Spotty!” everyone shouted at the top of their voices.The butcher made his way through the crowd and gave me a large piece of hamburger and said, “It‟s got chicken livers mixed in it.”

I liked the way things were, so I wagged my tail.11.Cartoons and comic strips People often find it hard to put their feelings into words.So they keep hunting for new means of expressing their feelings other than words.Cartoons, as such a means, were thus born.Old cartoons, however, did not attract many people until cartoonists had expanded their topics by the end of the 19th century.At around the same time, comic strips came into being.A cartoon is an amusing drawing that deals with something of interest in the news.Comic strips are a set of humorous drawings that tell a funny story.They make a story appear as a picture in the reader‟s mind by showing one or two aspects of an event.There is a cartoon that shows a father and his son.The boy is showing his father his school report, which, unfortunately, gives a very poor grade---2 out of 5.So he does it in a quite unusual way: the report is fastened to one end of a pole while the boy is holding the other and.With the long pole between them, any punishment from the father is out of the question.For the moment, at

least, the son is safe.Readers can‟t help laughing at the cartoon.But they may also find some food for thought in addition to being amused.Reading cartoons and comic strips had long been a favourite pastime for adults until the beginning of the 20th century.Then some business-minded people found that there might be a good market for children, too.With the improvement of printing and drawing techniques, modern cartoons and comic strips had become children‟s favourites by the early 20th(around the 1920s).Since then they have become popular reading materials for people of all ages.Today the characters in cartoons and comic strips range from children to adults, pets to fancy animals, and ordinary people to superheroes.Micky Mouse and Garfield the Cat make children think and imagine actively.Superman and Batman bring villains of all sorts to justice.Father and Son expresses human love and sympathy in lively comic strips.Their names have become household words.They are only a few outstanding products in the field.Today the digital revolution has brought new life to the making of cartoons and comic strips.Therefore many people think that computer-made comics will in the end replace hand-drawn ones.However, just as the human mind will never give way completely to the computer, hand-drawn comics will never die, but will remain a special means of expressing human feelings.12.Rockwell and his works Norman Rockwell was a famous American illustrator and cover artist.Many of his works had become well-known by the middle of the 20th century.Critics spoke highly of his works.For example, according to one critic, “Most artists affect us by surprising us.Rockwell affects us by giving us exactly what we expect.” The following are just a few examples of his magazine covers.Cover one One of the best-known of all Rockwell‟s covers!This painting is made up of two parts: the upper and the lower.Each detail in the lower picture is carefully matched with something in the upper part, so the result is kind of humorous.In this way, the painting presents the children‟s moods in a sharp contrast: very happy when setting out and very tired and bored when coming back.Cover two This painting shows Rockwell‟s skills as a story teller.It tells an ordinary story about a school boy.The boy is busy with his studies.Outside the window a fishing pole is ready, and the boy‟s dog is waiting impatiently.To the boy, these last days of schoolwork before the summer vacation seem the longest.They appear more so as the final examination is drawing near.This is an old story of school children, but Rockwell tells it vividly in a simple way.Cover three In this painting, a young mother is trying hard to make up her mind: to spank or to spare her naughty child.The broken clock on the floor suggests that the child has behaved in an entirely natural manner.When a hammer is within his reach, he breaks something with the hammer!At the time the painting was completed, the Rockwells were already parents.So the cover story perhaps describes the artist‟s own life experience.With this experience, Rockwell could make every detail come alive in this painting.13.A brief look at two metropolises NEW YORK In the 19th century, a businessman predicated that New York was going to become the centre of the world.His prediction has partly come true.Today, New York is often regarded as one of the financial and cultural capitals of the Western World.The United Nations has its headquarters in the city as well.New York, where the world-famous twin towers of the World Trade Center were once located，is known as a city of skyscrapers.There are parks, great museums, art galleries, grand theatres and cinemas for visitors as well.However, like many other cities in the world, New York also has its own problems---noise, air pollution, crimes, traffic jams, and slums.Still, the fast, exciting pace of life in New York City is fascinating and this may be a reason why the city continues to fascinate more and more people.LONDON London was once known as a city of fog.At that time, many Londoners did not expect that their city would change for the better.However, heavy fog is now rarely seen in London.As a city with a long history, London has also gone through many changes.The days are gone when horse-drawn carriages were a common sight in the street.Now London is famous for its excellent underground service and the red double-deckers have become a symbol of the city.The second half of the 20th century saw great changes in the city.Skyscrapers have sprung up;business centres for the 21st century are also growing fast.However, London has kept its heart.People can still enjoy themselves with a cup of tea in Convent Garden(科文特加登广场).Some of the narrow roads that lead to churches are still there, taking people back to London‟s old days.Although there are such concerns as heavy traffic, crowded shops and dirty streets in some areas, to many people, London remains the most interesting and wonderful city in the world.14.The time capsule of Colorado Springs In 1901, the citizens of Colorado Springs(科罗拉多泉市)in the USA decided to collect everyday items and to seal them in a steel box.The box was marked “To be opened after midnight, December 31st, AD 2000”, and was stored in the Colorado College Library.One hundred years later, on the appointed day, 300 people gathered to watch the opening of the box.Many in the crowd were in very good condition.There were newspapers, photographs, diaries, name cards, family trees, books and dozens of letters, including one written by Theodore Roosevelt(西奥多·罗斯福，美国 the proposal was discussed and revised, which resulted in the programme called the World Wide Web.In 1992, its browser software was introduced to the public.The early browsers functioned well but were not “user-friendly”.In 1993, a group of graduated students in the USA created Mosaic---a “browser” programme.Mosaic was pleasing to the eye and easy to use---just point and click.Netscape(美国网景公司)and then Microsoft followed with browsers that greatly simplified the process of surfing the Internet in search of information.Today, the Internet is changing our life style, cultural patterns, business practices, and ways of learning and doing research.It helps people keep up to date on world events, find a cheap flight, play games, and discuss everything from apples to space technology.An increasing number of people shop and bank on the Internet;many do business online.It enables people to browse online hundreds of thousands of magazines and books in libraries worldwide.The Internet is not owned or controlled by any company or nation.People can use the Net at home, in offices, at schools and universities, in public libraries or “cyber cafes”.It connects people in different countries instantly through computers, satellites, and phone lines.It is making our life easier and more efficient.“The Global Village” was coined to describe how radio and television had changed the world in the 20th century.In the 21st century, it seems the Internet is sure to have an even greater influence.16.Hacking By the end of 1946, technology had advanced so greatly as to make the electronic computer a part of life.The year 1976 saw the appearance of a more advanced type of computer, which was performing 100 million calculations a second.This record, however, was quickly rewritten.The fast development of computer speed brings endless benefits to human life.There are always two sides to a thing, though.There are problems with using computers and storing useful data in them.In 1988, a US official said that a German student had been regularly reading their top secret papers.That student had been able to carry out his break-ins without leaving home.That was a typical example of “hacking”.A “hacker” is a highly skilled computer user who spends his free time reading the secret files of others.A hacker needs only to discover the password that gives entry to a network.With clever guesswork, this can be done simply by trying again and again.A lot of hackers are only in it for fun---like Robert Schifreen and Steve Gold, who had read all the data in Prince Philip‟s electronic mailbox before the police discovered the hacking.The possibility for hackers to commit crimes is great.In the 1980s some experts pointed out that American banks were losing up to $5,000 million a year to computer crimes.Once a hacker gained entry to a bank‟s system, he could order it to move large sums of money to another bank in a foreign country---just what a traditional robber would do.Today computers are making life easier and far more comfortable.The evils, however, are also growing with the development of computer knowledge and techniques.It seems that the struggle against computer crimes will continue into the future.高一 Travelling around China can be tiring but fun as well.However, how you travel often determines whether your travel will be a success or a failure.Here is some information about how it can be done.BY TRAIN Most parts of China can now be reached by rail.Generally speaking, the train service is efficient.However, the trains are sometimes overcrowded, especially on national holidays.The kind of ticket you need depends on the distance of your journey.A hard or soft seat is fine for a short journey.For long journeys, a sleeper ticket is a better choice.BY SHIP A number of sea routes exist that can take you from one seaport to another along the coast of China.There are also a few inland waterways.The most attractive one is that from Chongqing to Shanghai.Along this route ships pass through the famous Three Gorges(长江三峡)and stop at many beautiful towns and historic sites.BY AIR This is often the first choice for those who have limited time to spend on a journey.But, of course, this time-saving advantage has to be paid for---tickets are more expensive.While CAAC(中国民用航空总局)used to be the only airline service in the country, there are now a number of regional airlines.The safety record has also improved much over the past decades.Air tickets are available through CITS(中国国际旅行社), at hotel travel desks or in air ticket offices.Most large cities and many popular tourist destinations have their own airports.BY BUS Highway networks in China are developing very fast.There are both inner-and inter-city bus services, they are well managed and cheap.State-owned long-distance bus services operate on schedule and are inexpensive.There are also private buses.They run mainly on local routes, and often will not depart until they are completely filled up.BY BICYCLE Besides what is mentioned above, cycling is also one of the best ways for traveling around town, unless you are in Chongqing---the only city with very few bicycles because of its steep streets.If you plan to stay in China for sometime, buy one as the natives do.Hope you will find this information helpful during your stay in China.18.The Ocean Park---A page from a travel brochure of Hong Kong, China Duration: Approx.(approximately的缩写形式)4 hours or 7 hours(daily morning departure)Not only is it the largest in Asia, but it is also rated as one of the most spectacular oceanariums(海洋水族馆)in the world.It offers the best family outing place to observe marine life as well as to experience a fun ride on a roller coaster(过山车).PANDA HABITAT Loved by many for their unusually cute look, the two darling pandas, An An and Jia Jia, can now be sighted at their permanent habitat in Ocean Park.SHARK AQUARIUM Through the underwater viewing tunnel, you seem to enter the mysterious deep ocean, surrounded by countless sharks and rays(鳐鱼)of over 30 species, all swimming within arm‟s reach.OCEAN THEATRE With a panoramic(全景的)background and hosted by a marvelous master of ceremonies(节目主持人), the Ocean Theatre stages entertaining performances by its great and small marine stars.When time permits, visit a jewelry factory workshop to observe the art of handicraft(手工艺).NOTE This is a half day guided tour.However, passengers may stay behind to explore more features in the Ocean Park.Return trips on our afternoon coach can be arranged with your tour guide.19.The Sydney Harbour Bridge There‟s no feeling quite like seeing Sydney from the top of the Harbour Bridge.There I stood, looking up at Sydney‟s Harbour Bridge---one of the most famous bridges in the world.Located near the magnificent Sydney Opera House, the 40-storey bridge towers over Australia‟s largest city.The bridge was certainly beautiful to look at.But who in their right mind would want to climb it? Me, of course!Climbing the bridge is not such a crazy thing to do, in fact.Tourists started climbing the bridge in 1998.Now it‟s one of Sydney‟s most popular attractions.To prepare for the climb, our group of 12 climbers had to take a special class.First, we stored all our personal belongings and changed into special bridge climbing clothes.Then, the climb organizers showed us how to use the safety belts and climb the steep ladders.We were even given little personal radios to receive instructions from our guide during the climb!Our expectations began to build and our group became excited.One hour later, we were ready to go!We first crossed some catwalks below the road part of the bridge.I was glad I wasn‟t afraid of heights.Looking down through the catwalk I could see the ground 50 meters(164 feet)below!Next we climbed the ladders leading up, up, up to the bridge‟s arch.Cars sped by on the road below.The wind blew more fiercely the higher we climbed.More and more of the city slowly came into view.Soon we were approaching the very top of the bridge!What a scene it was at the top!Clear, bird‟s eye views of the city extended in all directions.Looking south we saw the city skyline, the famous Opera House and the ocean.It was just like looking at a postcard, except that we were really part of the picture!Everyone felt proud of having reached this spot in the city.No one was ready to leave when it was time to go down.The two hours we had spent on the bridge seemed to pass in an instant.But the memory of having seen such a unique scene will stay with us for a lifetime.20.Travelling in the land of smiles Thailand uses the phrase “Land of Smiles” to describe itself in tourist brochures and advertising campaigns---and rightly so.Visitors to Thailand can expect to be greeted with a smile when they leave the airport, get into a taxi or rental car and again when they enter a hotel.What makes it so easy for the Thai people to smile at their visitors? The head of Thailand‟s tourist bureau says that it is “in the nature of the people.” The Thais are naturally happy, he says with a smile, and they are glad to share that happiness with others.This attitude seems to be very much appreciated by the more than five million tourists who visit Thailand each year.The country ranks high on the list of places to which visitors want to return.The reason most often stated is that the people are friendly and polite.Some other Asian destinations are not as well received.Bali in Indonesia ranks high on the list, with Japan somewhere in the middle.These reports raise the question of whether certain nationalities are naturally more courteous than others.People may experience more friendliness in Thailand than in other countries.This may have more to do with the place than the people.Travel writers point out that cities are always stressful, hurried places, with little to offer in the way of smiles and welcome.Bangkok is not as friendly as other places in the surrounding Thai countryside.Remote towns and villages in China, for example, offer visitors a warm welcome, with smiles(and giggles)from children.Perhaps it should also be pointed out that polite, patient, smiling visitors will most often be greeted similarly，no matter which country they are in.21.Using English properly If you don‟t want to offend someone, you‟d better know which English words to use---and which to avoid.Imagine that you‟re in a restaurant in America.You want some water, so you called out “Waitress!” A waitress comes to your table, but she‟s clearly unhappy.What did you do wrong? You may have offended her by calling her a “waitress.” Today, many people prefer the word “server” to “waitress.”

Why? As society changes, so does our language.Today the word “server” is more appropriate.It gives the person a sense of being respected.Using English properly is an attempt to make language more respectful to all people.Words that put too much emphasis on gender are carefully avoided.These include words that end in “-ess” or “-man.” For example, people who serve passengers on airlines are now called “flight attendants,” not “stewardesses.” In the past, only women could be flight attendants;today, many men have entered the profession.“Flight attendant” is a better expression because it includes both men and women.Many women are entering jobs that were once only occupied by men, so words like “policeman” and “chairman” are being replaced.Now “police officer” and “chairperson” are the preferred terms.Unfortunately, English has no singular pronoun that can be used to replace either “he” or “she.” This creates some problems.How do we treat both genders fairly without such a pronoun? One way is to use the plural structure.So instead of saying “If a person wants to learn English, he should study every day,” many people would prefer “If people want to learn English, they should study every day.”

Using English properly extends further than gender.It also includes issues of race and disability.For example, some people prefer the term “people with a disability” to “handicapped.” The word “handicapped” can be considered disrespectful because it implies that a person is helpless.However, there are people who don‟t like being told what words they have to use.And they insist on not changing their way of talking---they don‟t think they are obliged to make others feel better.But most people agree that making language respectful to all is fair.So people do change with the times.22.Tips for English learning Language letter-boxes in quite a few English newspapers are often filled with letters complaining about such problems as “I don‟t know to improve my pronunciation and intonation.The English vocabulary is too large to handle.” Or “I find my spoken English most worrying.Please tell me how to improve my communication skills!”

At the same time, in some newspapers, there are ads for “Shortcuts in Mastering English,” “A 24-hour Programme of Success in Spoken English” or “Recipe for English Fluency,” and so on.A lot of teachers of English try to help fight learners‟ worries by saying that the road to successful communication is clearly signposted---practise, practice and practice.If there are few such opportunities in your day-to-day life, make them up: form clubs or learning groups, and practise talking to each other.Expose yourselves to an English radio broadcast, a tape recording, a film or a video: let it be a topic or a context for discussion.Even when you are alone, try to have some practice.You can

never lay too much emphasis on the importance of “input” for language learning, so reading newspapers and listening to the radio are good habits to cultivate.One thing, however, is very important: the “input” must be appropriate for your level.Something too difficult is useless, while spending time on something too easy will be pointless.And remember this: there isn‟t a cure-all for all of you.One shortcut may work for some of you, and another probably has a positive effect on others.Only one method works for everybody---and that is, to use English!23.Eye contact Lunch was now over, and I offered to drive James back to his hotel.He said he had walked over to my place but politely accepted the lift.We drove the few blocks back to his hotel and pulled into the driveway.I got out, went quickly to his side of the car, opened the door, and started to lean forward with one hand reaching out.Then my eyes met his.Not a word was spoken, but the message I got was clear, “Don‟t you dare try to help me out of this car!”

I backed off.James got out and then gave me a big smile---his way of saying, “No harm done.All is well.”

If we pay enough attention, we‟ll see our audience is often communicating with us without words.It is important to read these silent signals in one‟s eyes.If you introduce a subject that causes much movement in the audience, you know that you have aroused their attention.They are shifting in their seats or exchanging looks with their neighbours.The reaction from your audience should be your guide.When you continue your talk, you know that to drop, what to revise and what to add, all based on your reading of the eyes of the audience.If you‟ve told a joke or story that hasn‟t gone down well, the audience may be telling you that they want to hear or what they don‟t want to hear.Such information can and should lead to some change in the content, humour and style of what you still have to say.The most obvious display of an audience‟s silent communication is their lack of attention.Yawning, programme studying, chatting in very low voices or dozing, to mention the worst, are warnings.Through eye contact you will be the first to know if you have lost them.An immediate change of attitude is called for.No speaker is ever honoured for going down with the ship.Silent clues, however, may also communicate good news.Smiling, leaning forward, watching attentively---all tell you that the track is clear of obstacles;the signals are green---so go ahead.24.Understanding body language Have you ever met someone and found that you instantly liked them? You just couldn‟t put your finger on it as to why.Deep down inside yourself they gave you a strange feeling.I‟m not going to call myself a body language expert, but I think I can hive you my advice on how to read the most complicated language of all: body language.YOUR MOVES SELL YOU OUT.So for starters, think about yourself.Have you ever stopped for a moment to watch the way that you move your body? Well, believe it or not, the people you are talking to are watching your every move.They watch your eyes, your facial expressions, the way you hold your posture.In fact, the way you move can tell a lot about what kind of person you are … or what kind of person you appear to be.WHAT CAN BODY LANGUAGE TELL? In most Western countries, making eye contact with anyone you talk to is very important.If you don‟t make eye contact, you might be judged as dishonest or even rude.Then there‟s posture.If your actions are very confident, you will appear to be confident to others.And, the rate that you speak can also tell others something.If you talk too

fast, you‟re nervous, while too slow probably indicates that you are unsure of yourself, and that maybe you are shy.I‟M CONFUSED WITH “SPACE” IN CHINA.As a traveler, I have been confused time and time again with every place I visit.This is mainly because I misunderstood the body language of the people.In China, I have had many issues with the concept of “space.” As an American I need “personal space.” So, the first time I came to Shanghai I was constantly apologizing to strangers who I bumped into on the streets or even on the bus, but they just looked at me as if I were strange.Understanding body language is difficult, but it‟s important to become aware of it, and I make an effort to understand it.So my advice, watch your own actions, for they can send a message to someone that you may not even know!And when in doubt, smile!25.Arturo Toscanini

Arturo Toscanini, who conducted the first public performance of many world-famous operas(such as Othello and La Boheme), is regarded as the greatest conductor of the first part of the twentieth century.Toscanini was born in Italy on March 25, 1867.He entered a music school when he was nine and graduated in 1885 with the highest honours in cello and composition.At the age of nineteen, he joined an Italian orchestra on a tour in Brazil.During that tour, the conductor of the orchestra suddenly quit his job.Toscanini was thus called in to fill in as conductor at very short notice.It was not surprising that the audience laughed at him as he leapt onto the stage.His passionate interpretation of Aida was, however, greeted with loud cheers.What was most special about Toscanini was that he did his job without the help of a score.Having read through a score, he could recall every note many years later.However, the fact that he had a marvelous memory alone did not make him a great conductor.It was his energy, strict attitude towards performance, and loyalty to the composer‟s intention that made him outstanding.During rehearsals, to get what he wanted from his orchestra, he would sometimes stamp his feet, snap his baton and tear his store to pieces.He tried to make use of every means to interpret music.Once he found himself at a loss when trying to describe to an American orchestra a very light effect in a passage(his English was poor).After thinking hard for a while, he drew a white silk handkerchief from his pocket and threw it into the air, watching with the orchestra as it floated to the floor.“There!” he said.“Play like that!”

Toscanini drove himself as hard as he did his orchestra.If the orchestra met his demands, he would weep for joy.Otherwise, he would not spare them from punishment.If he himself made a rare mistake, he would slap his own face in front of the orchestra.He would not spare even himself from punishment.Toscanini would shout at anyone who dared talk during the performance or, even worse, arrived late.All through his life, Toscanini was anti-fascist.In1931, he was physically attacked for refusing to play the fascist anthem and for protesting against Hitler‟s ban on Jewish musicians.He dropped his baton in 1954, and died in 1957 at the age of 90.26.An interview with a pop pianist Robin Gordon(RG), a journalist, interviews a very rich and famous pianist, James Newman(JN), who has a way of playing classical music in a wildly romantic manner.He is well known for his strange clothes as well.RG: Actually, you don‟t let the chance slip through your fingers when you chose music as your

career.JN: No, the entertainment world is full of opportunities.When any of them turns up and comes to you, you must be prepared.RG: You started playing the piano as a child, didn‟t you?

JN: Yes.I‟m very competitive---that‟s the way I was brought up.I was raised in a strict traditional family.I was the oldest of us kids.In a family that size, you had to be hardworking to get noticed.My father wanted us to be aggressive, competitive and career-oriented.So, it became very important for me to be number one all the time and I did get straight A‟s at school.RG: Well, when you began as a pianist, you wore traditional clothes, didn‟t you?

JN: I did wear a black suit and a bow tie that made me look like a headwaiter, and I looked serious and miserable when I played!But not for long, I soon developed my own style.RG: Just where…and how did you begin your own style?

JN: Well…I learned the piano at an early age, and after I left music school, I started giving piano performances.Well, anyway, one evening when I was in Wisconsin(威斯康星州), something happened.My audience that evening consisted mostly of rich farmers.They were all sitting like sleeping dummies(模型)…it was really a very hot evening…I was all sweaty.They just weren‟t enjoying Bach(巴赫，1685-1750，德国作曲家)or Chopin(肖邦，1810-1849，波兰作曲家、钢琴家).They were ready to fall off their chairs with boredom.So I stopped playing and stood up.RG: You mean, you stopped in the middle of a performance? JN: Exactly.And I shouted, “Come on, folks.What would you really like to hear?” At first they looked at me as if I had gone mad, then they became all wide awake.They agreed that they wanted a change.So I played something in a kind of wild Bach style.RG: And soon after that you started your new style.JN: Yes.I decided to play Bach and Chopin in a very unusual style.Meanwhile I started wearing fancy clothes.RG: I guess your father didn‟t approve of all this.JN: Right.Dad‟s a bit old.He wanted to make a classical musician of me!He didn‟t understand me.RG: Even though you are so successful? JN: No.Many people don‟t.RG: Perhaps it takes time.Thank you, Mr.Newman.27.Stunts in movies On the screen, the US actor Tom Cruise is throwing himself through a glass window as a large car explodes behind him;the actress Helen Hunt is running from hurricanes as homes and cows are swept up.And, of course, there is Stallone doing…everything.It seems to be popular these days for actors and actresses to do their own stunts in action movies, and the fact is that the big names are indeed doing more stunts.According to a director, some actors do as much as ninety per cent of their own stunts, while the last ten per sent are generally left to stunt professionals.These are the men and women who make a living risking their lives on behalf of the big names in action movies.However, there is an exception.The only actor who does any allow anyone else to do his stunts is Jackie Chan, the Hong Kong phenomenon.He takes pride in doing all the stunts in his action movies.Jackie Chan has been doing his individual brand of dramatic martial arts for fifteen

years.He is no doubt a walking miracle of physical endurance.Of course, along with that heroism are numerous broken bones and a hole the size of a coin in his head.US action filmmakers do not want their movie stars to be injured, so stunt experts are always called in to do dangerous parts that require talent.At the same time, they also try hard to make the audience believe that the famous faces are performing every stunt.Actors and actresses would also like the fans to believe that there are no professionals doing the stunts for them.Many of them insist on doing their own stunts in the movies.Then accidents are inevitable.For instance, Helen Hunt was knocked unconscious when filming one scene---she opened the door of a vehicle and jumped off while it was speeding through a cornfield.Helen later admitted, “I have all the courage of a stunt person, but I don‟t have all the talent.”

As for the audience, there is absolutely no need for you to worry about your favourite stars, who are bragging about performing the stunts on TV talk shows.It‟s entirely possible that someone else took the fall.As Helen said, there is still a lot of work out there for stunt professionals.28.Digital actors Is it real, or is it digital? In many Hollywood movies these days it‟s sometimes impossible to tell what‟s real and what‟s not.Moviemakers create landscapes, cities and even creatures from nothing but pixels.These computer images look just as real as the world we live in.Now moviemakers are developing the final computer creation---digital humans.Developing computer images that look and act just like real humans has long been the dream of many moviemakers.Pixel by pixel that dream is gradually becoming a reality.The first attempts to create prefect digital humans began several years ago.Final fantasy(《最终幻想》), released in 2004, showed the potential and limitations of digital actors.The movie‟s digital characters looked and acted surprisingly lifelike.But somehow they still reminded audiences of cartoons, and their “acting” was less than inspiring.Final Fantasy‟s digital magic also cost moviemakers a fortune.Just creating human-looking hair cost about $20 million.And despite people‟s initial excited reaction, it performed poorly at the box office.The film, which cost $137 million to make, lost about $80 million.Moviemakers have been much more successful at creating non-human characters.The Lord of the Rings(《指环王》)trilogy features a digital creature named Gollum.Though not human, Gollum gives a very moving performance.Surprisingly, this collection of pixels manages to effectively show a wide range of human emotions.The Matrix: Reloaded(《黑客帝国Ⅱ》)features the most perfect digital humans so far.These lifelike digital creations appear widely throughout the movie.In fact, audiences can never be sure which actors are real and which are digital.So should Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman and all their Hollywood friends start looking for another line of work? Not necessarily.Many popular movie directors say digital actors will never “act” as well as humans.Digital actors must also rely on gifted human actors for their voices.29.Front page news Millions of newspapers are sold every day throughout the world.What section of the newspapers on a newsstand catches your eye? Without doubt, it is the front page.Its contents are usually about the most important happenings of the day.Besides that, it is common practice that the front page carries an index to help the reader quickly locate certain sections of the paper.A front page carries a brief weather forecast for the day as well.Much thought goes into the actual headlines themselves.A headline is like a title.People think it important that headlines should aim at being both informative and eye-catching.They should attract the reader‟s attention.The main front-page headline is, of course, the most important one.After all, it can even determine whether or not a person will be tempted to buy a particular newspaper.While the importance of the front page is obvious, there are two schools of thought over the emphasis placed on its contents.There is the school that describes the front page as a paper‟s “shop window” and therefore emphasizes the need for “window-dressing”.The trouble with this approach is that too much concentration on the “shop window” tends to reduce the value of the goods displayed inside.Others take the view that a newspaper is like a store with many windows, each of which should be dressed to the same high standard.It should have a sense of unity.Once the paper has decided the type---the style it will use for headlines---composing the front page is a fairly simple matter.The main story, called the lead, takes the prime position, usually the top left-hand corner of the page.A strong picture occupies the top center of the page;then follows the second-lead, third-lead and other stories in size-graded headings.When there is a big event, the paper uses a headline which runs the full width of the page and which is usually set in a bold type.However, a newspaper has to draw a line between being eye-catching and being sensational.A newspaper which overuses shock methods may lose its reputation.30.Two pieces of news GREAT VICTORY ENDS YEARS OF WAITING Moscow: It was Beijing‟s night yesterday in Moscow.As Juan Antonio Samaranch, president of the International Olympic Committee(IOC), announced that Beijing would be the host for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, cheering, applauding and waving of flags broke out to celebrate the victory.“Now the results of the voting---the Games of the 29th Olympiad in 2008 is awarded to the city of…Beijing,” declared Samaranch, the most famous sports figure in the world.Beijing won in the second round ballot with 56 votes from the 105 voting IOC members, while Toronto got a distant 22, Paris 18 and Istanbul 9.Osaka, which received 6 votes, was eliminated in the first round.A contract to host the Games followed after the vote.BEIJING WAS SLEEPLESS LAST NIGHT Thousands upon thousands of people gathered in squares, shopping malls, streets and millions of homes to applaud the city‟s success in its bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games.Buildings and streets were brightly lit, and heartfelt cheers and laughter filled the air.Fireworks lit up the night sky, and flags formed a sea of flowing colour.As International Olympic Committee(IOC)President Juan Antonio Samaranch announced that Beijing had won the IOC vote at 10:15 last night, the ancient capital burst into cheers and tears.The China Millennium Monument(中华世纪坛)in western Beijing, the centre of the celebration, was alive with cheerful crowds.Senior Chinese leaders joined university students and local citizens in celebrating the success in the bid with the whole nation.Tian‟anmen Square was also filled with people who poured into the city centre on learning about the news.Chanting “Beijing!Olympics!” at the top of one‟s voice seemed the commonest

means of expressing one‟s feelings.Thousands of cars waited in endless queues along Chang‟an Boulevard(长安街)and other major avenues.Wild with joy, the drivers kept blowing their horns.Messages were sent by cell phones, telephones, e-mails, etc., and popular websites were crammed with visitors.31.An added bonus Anne and Joe King sat back in their easy chairs, watching television in their cozy living-room.Anne used the remote control to find a programme of interest.“Why don‟t we watch The Family Friction(摩擦)?” said Anne.“I hate watching soap dramas,” said Joe.“Especially this one where couples argue over money.”

“Okay,” said Anne, as she switched to Channel 12.“And now,” said a good-looking announcer on the TV screen, “Round-the-World(《环球》), the magazine of the world, is proud to announce its limited offer.For the bargain price of $10, half the newsstand price, you can subscribe to one year, twelve issues, of Round-the-World.Imagine reading unusual stories with colour photos that will surprise you.And as an added bonus, if you subscribe before midnight, June 1st, we will offer, without extra cost, our World Atlas(地图).Remember, this is a limited offer.This atlas cannot be bought in stores.There are maps of every chief tourist attraction in the world, in addition to the metropolises and capitals of the countries.Won‟t it be great to have the world at your fingertips!To get this amazing offer, write to Round-the-World Bonus, Box 666, Reno, Nevada(内华达州)87870.Be sure to enclose your cheque or money order for $10.if not completely satisfied, you may keep the atlas and cancel your subscription.In that case, you can get your money back.”

“That sounds amusing,” said Anne.“In fact, it would be really handy to have an atlas, particularly when I need to locate places I plan to visit or read about in the news.”

They sent a letter of subscription and two weeks later a small package arrived in the mail.They got the atlas.“Is this our atlas?” said Joe in disbelief.“It looks like a big postage stamp.” “It looked tremendous on television,” said Anne.“It‟ll be impossible to find anything in such an atlas,” said Joe.“To find anything, we‟ll need a microscope.”

32.The history of magazines It was during the mid-nineteenth century that the magazine developed into the main source of popular entertainment for the general public.Instead of speaking mainly to the well-educated upper classes as in the past, the illustrated magazine addressed the general public.The first magazine that was born in 1665 in France was a dry and dull publication.Most publishers did not realize the significance of visuals as tools to educate, shape opinions and entertain.Nor did they know the importance of selling as many copies of their magazines as possible.It was not until the early decades of the 20th century that the magazine industry started to flourish.The main centres of the magazine industry were in America, France, Germany, and Great Britain.Many fancy and unique publications were produced there.Some publishers, such as William R.Hearst, built empires: he employed no fewer than 31,000 people by 1935.Hearst published more than nine magazines and two dozen newspapers in the first half of the century.The atmosphere of the 20th century was good for the growth of fashion and women‟s

magazines.Among them, Ladies‟ Home Journal(《妇女家庭》)and Vogue(《时尚》)in America were the most popular.In America, the biggest impact on the magazine industry in the 1930s was the publication of Life(《生活》)magazine.Its concept of instant news through pictures meant that magazines could compete with the popular electronic media.After World War Ⅱ, the magazine industry changed dramatically.Magazines were forced to become more profit-oriented and generally less attractive.The 1950s witnessed the appearance of magazine for sports, sailing, fishing, cooking, dog breeding, and stamp collecting, to name just a few.Magazines have experienced social pressures, financial and technical hardships.However, they have worked hard to meet the needs of people with a variety of interests.Magazines have indeed become a truly effective and expressive medium for the general public.

2.上海大同中学高一英语 篇二

1 项目化活动初期的学生干部构成以及管理模式以及存在的问题

英语沙龙作为上海电力学院的品牌项目, 成立之初往往是一些对英语学习特别有兴趣或者是英语学习成绩特别优异的同学构成了英语沙龙的主要发起人和管理者, 也就是沙龙的学生干部。由于仅仅是英语学习的爱好者, 故这些学生干部的其他的一些能力比如作为高校学生干部所需要的思想政治素质、团队合作素质、创新能力素质等[1]方面可能不如团学干部、班干部那么全面。这也对沙龙的的发展带来的一定的限制。其次沙龙的纳新方式往往仅限于某个学院, 也不利于沙龙向全校性的学生项目化团队发展。沙龙的初期的学生干部构成以及管理模式存在的问题可以归纳为以下几点:

1.1 项目化学生干部选拔管理机制不够完善

初期的项目化的学生干部的选拔缺乏规范性, 往往是高年级学生某个同学或者指导老师的意见会起主要作用, 没有公开选聘的机制, 在选拔上没有规范的章程, 具有很大随意性[2]。

1.2 项目化学生干部存在感不强、认可度不够

由于学生干部的选拔过程的不规范, 一些学生干部得到某个岗位之后也没有十分清晰的概念, 不清楚自己可以在这个岗位上做那些事情, 也不知道有多人会认可他来做这个职位, 所以即便成为学生干部, 其认可度和存在感也是不够的。

1.3 项目化学生干部自身问题

学生干部自身的素养不够, 沙龙招募的成员仅仅是是英语爱好者, 所以往往忽视了其他的一些基本素养包括思想政治素养、团队精神、必要的心理素质、强烈的责任感和创新精神等。以责任感为例进行分析, 由于当前高校学生以90后为主, 比较强烈的责任感往往是他们比较缺乏的[3], 由于学生干部的选拔的制度问题, 几乎没有这方面的考察内容, 故也会有一些学生干部的责任感较差。这些都对英语沙龙的后续发展非常不利。

2 项目化的学生干部构成以及管理模式的现状分析

2.1 项目化学生干部选拔和构成模式

自2012年起英语沙龙的学生干部开始进行较大调整, 设立总负责人一名, 策划部、外联部、新闻部、后勤部、财务部, 每个部门设立部长和副部长各一名。摒弃以前的老师或者总负责人任命的方式, 采取竞选上岗。每位候选人都要经过岗位申请、竞选演讲、学生干部打分等几个环节方能成为沙龙总负责人、各部门的部长和副部长。这样采取竞选的方式进行沙龙学生干部的选拔, 不仅能使当选同学得到大家的认同, 也能够增加当选同学作为学生干部的自我存在感, 提高他们的责任心。同时经过一定的挑选选举出来的干部已经能够初步具备学生干部所需要的思想政治素质、心理素质、团队精神、创新能力等。对于选举成功的同学在学院或者项目化相关活动或者会议上对其颁发聘书, 增加其作为学生干部的认可度和自我存在感。

同时沙龙的初期纳新做了相应的调整, 在开学之初即进行宣传, 广纳有兴趣的同学来参加沙龙, 增加面试的环节, 使进入沙龙的同学即对英语学习有兴趣的同时也能成为学生干部的后备人选。

2.2 加强项目化学生干部的培养

目前沙龙的学生干部的选拔和构成模式已经相对比较科学成熟, 取得的效果也比较明显。但是对于学生干部的培养工作比较缺乏, 对于学生干部只有不断的进行培养才能使其不断的提高, 培养的方式方法可以有多种[4]。首先由于是英语沙龙的学生干部所以可以开展专门针对沙龙干部的英语角活动使其英语能力不断的得到提高;其次可以通过团训、素质拓展等方式对其责任感、团队、心理素质等进行重点培养;还可以通过跟其他的项目组或者其他的学生组织的学生干部进行交流学习来提高其工作技巧、领导力等。

3 良好合理的学生干部构成和管理模式对项目具有积极推动作用

英语沙龙在对学生干部构成和管理模式的调整之后, 对沙龙起到了十分积极的推动作用。首先是沙龙自身的活跃度, 从最初的一年几次活动到现在十几次甚至是几十次活动, 良好的团队对沙龙的活跃度起到了很好的促进作用。其次是同学们的参与度, 以往的沙龙的活动参与人员往往是一到两个学院, 现在拓展到全校性质的活动, 这跟沙龙的工作团队的努力十分不开的。再次沙龙的外界的认可度也逐步提高, 2012年获得学校优秀品牌项目的荣誉。所以良好合理的学生干部构成和管理模式对沙龙的发展具有十分重要的意义。

摘要：本文以英语沙龙为例, 探讨了高校项目活动中学生干部的构成和管理模式, 从初期的任命式的不规范的选拔制度以及学生干部存在的认可度不够、存在感不强、自身基本素质不够等问题, 到现在的相对比较规范的选举制度纳新制度以及更加合理的学生干部的构成, 这对沙龙的发展起到的很好的推动作用。

关键词：学生干部,项目化,英语沙龙

参考文献

[1]王冬.论高校学生干部素质的培养[J].校外教育, 2Ol1 (6) :21.

[2]牛晓蕾.高校学生干部的素质与培养[J].河南机电高等专科学校学报, 2013 (4) :44-45.

[3]王琼梓, 李超.高校学生干部的培养与管理工作探索[J].山西青年, 2013 (20) :23.

[4]王志华.90后学生干部的责任力探讨[J].青年与社会, 2013 (24) :47.

3.上海大同中学高一英语 篇三

在外资企业担任部门总监工作的刘女士今年36岁，月入35000元，比她年长6岁的先生在大学执教，每月收入15000元。

高收入家庭即将迎来新生命

他们的宝贝儿子今年5岁了，而等到今年年底，一家人就将共同迎来第二个宝宝。“第二个宝宝出生后，家庭支出肯定会增加，我预计每月会多出5000元左右的花费。”

现在，家庭每月基本开支在16000元左右，包括伙食费4000元、儿子学费(除幼儿园)4500元、养车成本2000元、打车1500元、购物2000元、公共事业费和物业费1500元等。“因为我过去2年都有记账的习惯，所以对家庭支出比较了解。”刘女士说，等到宝宝出生，还需要增加保姆工资等多项开销，到时候21000元肯定是需要的。

另外，他们还需要每月开支300元医疗费(儿童特需挂号费用，不可报销)和1200元幼儿园学费(每学年总费用平摊)。

在扣除了所有花费22500元后，他们每月的结余有27500元。刘女士用其中6000元进行基金定投，购买2个股票型基金和1个指数型基金，这一投资已经进行了4个月了。

年度收入方面，刘女士的年终奖金有4万元，先生的兼职收入有3万元，都比较稳定。年度支出主要包括自购商业保险13000元、旅行费20000元、孝敬父母10000元及添置大件物品的费用。从刘女士近两年的记账情况看，年度性收支基本可以持平。

资产积累已过800万元

刘女士的家庭资产净值已经达到了834万元，其中资产总计851万元，房屋贷款(公积金)余额17万元。

资产项目中，占比最大的是房产。她和先生一共拥有3套房产，一套价值500万元的是一家人现在的自住房，另两套分别价值150万元和90万元，都是买给父母的。“150万元的那套位于崇明，是我爸妈平时居住的，90万元的是在三亚购买的，方便老人冬天去那里度假。”

刘女士说：“我年初的时候卖掉了父母原先的老房子，所得款一部分投资了股票后余下来一些，加上平时工资结余，家庭现金和活期现有51万元。”

股票市值22万元，其中一部分是刘女士在点位较高时购入的，也有部分是年初买进的，前后一共投入了37万元。基金市值约17万元，其中2万元是4个月定投的估值，15万元是刘女士在上证指数2800点时一次性买入的，包括2个股票基金和1个指数基金。

此外，家庭用车价值15万元，黄金和收藏品价值6万元。

在保险方面，刘女士可是花了不少心思，“我本人不仅有社保，而且公司还提供团体保险，所以基本上没有什么医疗开支，孩子50％医疗费可以社保支付，余下的50％中的90％我们公司团险也可以负担。先生有社保。”综合这些情况，她又为自己添置了一份100万元的定期寿险，年缴费2500元，受益人为刘女士父母；一份人身意外险，保额100万元，保费每年1100元，受益人为大儿子。为先生购买了保额lO万元的重大疾病险附加30万元意外伤害险和住院津贴保险，每年的保费约3500元。家庭人身险保费总支出7000多元。家庭车险费用约4500元。

买房、育儿、养老如何三管齐下

刘女士现在的理财目标主要有三项，一是在3—5年内买一套离现在自住房较近的房产，在不卖出任何一套现有房产基础上另购一套方便照顾父母。“现在父母身体都不错，所以住在崇明我也放心，但他们总有年老的一天，所以想到时可以方便照顾。按照现在的房价估计，大概需要350万元。”

第二个目标是为两个孩子各准备100万元的“成人礼”，“20岁后，他们如果需要深造或婚嫁都需要这样一笔钱，因为我现在的收入稳定而且结余不少，所以想早早准备起来。”

第三个目标是希望在55岁退休时，拥有相当于现值600万元的金融资产作养老之用。

“这三个目标都离不开投资理财，我想请理财师出出主意，比如每月多出的2万元结余该怎么用，是否要追加定投金额?现在活期存着的51万元该怎么合理分配，来保证我三个目标都能逐一实现?”

另外，刘女士表示，等到第二个孩子出生后，她想再买些儿童保险，这方面想听听理财师的建议，当然，对现有保障存在的问题，理财师也可以给出意见。

家庭资产配置与具体投资建议

冯博

客户现状分析

由各类已知数据分析，刘女士一家的年收入在上海地区属较高水平且结构较为合理。年收入约为670000元，属于高收入水平群体。其日常支出占到每月收入的45％，考虑到刘女士家庭结构和工作性质，基本在合理范围之内。但我们亦发现，夫妇的收入来源几乎均来自工资收入，在投资收益方面不是特别理想，可能是由于2008年股市下跌所致。而其投资过于集中在高风险资产上，可考虑增加风险较低资产的配置。

刘女士家庭基本完成原始资产的积累并过上了充裕的小康生活。但另一方面，现金资产占流动性资产比例过高，也反映其资金投资不足，造成资金效率利用率较低，投资收益不足。建议在保证6个月支出流动性的同时，扩大投资比例进一步优化投资资产结构。

客户理财目标分析

刘女士买房、育儿、养老三管齐下的理财目标，可以通过渣打财富管理系统的教育规划、退休规划和生活规划进行制定和实现。

具体来看，我们将刘女士的三大理财目标划分为如下4个理财子计划(假设未来的通货膨胀率保持在3.0％左右)。

购房计划考虑到刘女士目前持有的流动资产并不多，我们建议刘女士用5年时间来准备房屋3成的首付款，其余7成使用商业贷款。目标房屋现值为350万元。另外，刘女士家庭已拥有3套住房，将来其贷款的利率很有可能享受不到优惠。我们因此假设，将来如果刘女士通过商业贷款购房，其贷款利率将为基准利率，当前基准利率为5.94％，贷款年数为14年(至刘女士退休全部还清)。

为大儿子筹备“成人礼”的理财计划大儿子今年5岁离20岁还有15年，即在15年内准备100万元的资金，供其成人后深造或婚嫁使用。

为即将出生宝宝筹备“成人礼”的理财计划宝宝20岁的时候，刘女士预计已退休1年。为了不影响刘女士退休后的生活品质，我们建议该理财计划的投资年数改为19年。

刘女士夫妇的退休理财计划离刘女士55岁还有19年，准备现值为600万元的金融资产作为退休金。

理财投资资产配置与理财计划的制定：

首先，建议刘女士家庭预留相当于6

个月开支的紧急预备金，约为13.5万元左右的银行活期存款，以备家庭不时之需，可以从现有的银行存款中预留一部分资金来满足这方面的需求。

其次，刘女士已根据自身的情况配置了定期寿险、重大疾病险、意外伤害(身故／残疾)险等保险组合，基本涵盖了因人身意外而造成的各种损失。暂时不需要补充。

接下来，基于刘女士的风险偏好属性，使用渣打银行的财富管理系统来为其制定理财子计划。以购房计划为例：

第一阶段筹备首付款经过渣打银行的财富管理系统的测算，五年后刘女士需准备1217237.78的首付款。为达成这个目标，一次性投入的资金为400000，之后每月定额定投人民币7994.90。该计划的投资年数为5年。

第二阶段开始还贷款贷款金额为2840221.48，每月还款约2.5万元，占家庭月收入的50％，虽然仍在合理承受区间内，但肯定会严重影响到其他子计划的达成。如果刘女士不想出售旧房，那就应选择总价较低的新房。考虑到将来新购买的住房主要是给刘女士的父母居住，面积不需要很大。因此我们建议刘女士选择现值210万元左右的房子，贷款金额调整为1217237.78元，每月还款为10687.87元(14年)，借贷比率为21％，在合理的承受区间内，而且可以兼顾其他的家庭目标。另外，刘女士购房之后，父母在崇明居住的房屋可考虑出租以增加收入，预计月租金为3000元。

通过测算，刘女士可以通过每月的储蓄和剩余的流动资产来完成其他的子计划。具体的资金配置如下：成人礼1每月投资2708元，成人礼2每月投资1728元，退休计划每月投资14935元。

我们建议刘女士为每一个子计划配置55％左右的债券类固定收益投资，以分散投资风险，确保稳定的投资收益。同时，为达成进取的长期投资目标，可以将35％左右的资金分散投资于估值合理、增长前景较好的股票或基金上面，作为长期的投资以提升整体回报。将10％的资金分配至现金类资产，诸如活期或货币基金等资产。剩下5％分配在商品类的资产上。

通过以上的规划，刘女士家庭的每月收支基本达到平衡，而且其所订立的买房、育儿、养老的三大理财目标也都能有条不紊地进行。

为了更好地管理投资组合和实现财务目标，我们建议刘女士定期，如每隔半年或一年，回到银行由理财顾问帮助其进行投资组合的回顾。

上述信息中所使用的价值、计算和图表只供说明用途，仅作参考。请客户注意，任何具体产品是否可以由客户实际购买，不仅要签署有关的产品文件之外，还需要依据产品适合度评估的结果来确定。

保险建议

陈婷

刘女士家庭属于高收入、高资产、低负债的结构类型，现金流状况良好。

家庭保障方面，我们先来看看刘女士全家现有的保障状况，详见下面表格。

下面我们为该刘女士家庭的每一个家庭成员逐一分析他们现有的保障状况是否合理，还有哪些地方需要调整和补充。

在这里，我们提供给刘女士及读者朋友们一个估算寿险额度的方法。一类方法是“生命价值法”，另一类方法叫做“家庭需求法”。

生命价值法则是以一个人的生命价值做依据，来考虑应购买多少保险。该法则可分三步：估计被保险人以后的年均收入；确定退休年龄；从年收入中扣除各种税收、保费、生活费等支出，剩余的钱假设贡献都可以给家人——这些钱就是被保险人的生命价值。

家庭需求法则的出发点则是，当事故发生时，可确保至亲家人的生活准备金总额。计算方式是，将在生至亲所需生活费、教育费、供养金、对外负债、丧葬费等，扣除既有资产，所得缺额作为保额的粗略估算依据。

我们将生命价值法则和家庭需求法则相结合考虑，预计刘女士需要500万元左右的保额，来保障万一她身故或丧失劳动能力后，家人的生活可以保持在与目前相仿的水平(上述保额计算只是粗略估算，更精确的计算应考虑利率因素)。

现在，刘女士在公司中有团体保险，其中应该包含身故保障，再扣除她本人已购买的loo万元定期寿险、100万元意外险，预计刘女士还将需要补充300万元左右的身故保障。如果补充安排200万元的定期寿险，100万元的意外险，她的保费支出将增加6000元左右，在可接受范围之内。当然，随着生活条件和收入水平的改变，刘女士的保额今后也应随之调整。

刘女士的先生，现有保障额度与他的收入相比，也不是很充分。重疾险额度最好能再加10万元，意外险额度最好能补充到100万元，这样补充后年度保费支出预计增加4500～5000元。

4.上海大同中学高一英语 篇四

撰写人：___________

日

期：___________

2021中学高一英语教学工作总结

本学年，我依然担任高一年级一、二班的英语教学工作。在工作中，本人遵守学校各项制度，按时出勤、上课、___学生晨读，积极参加市里及学校___的各种教学活动，严格要求自己，虚心向老教师请教，结合本校的实际条件和学生的实际情况，认真备课、听课、及时反思，使教学工作得以有计划，有___，有步骤地开展。

立足现在，放眼未来，为使今后的工作取得更大的进步，现对本学年教学工作总结如下：

首先，我分析了我校学生实际情况。高一学生普遍英语底子差，基础薄，所以针对这个实际情况，决定采取坚持“夯实基础，狠抓双基，改进学法，激发兴趣，提高能力”的指导思想。以此提高学生的学习兴趣，不断提高学习成绩。

再次，我做到认真备课。作为一名新教师，我的体会是：上好一堂课很难，但是要备好一堂课更难。在备课之前，必须对所有内容进行熟悉，参考大量相关资料，认真钻研教材，确定重难点，同时，备课不仅要备教材，而且还要备教法，备教学手段；除此之外，更要备学生，根据学生的实际情况（即学情）采用适合易于他们接受的教学手段，不断培养学生的学习英语的兴趣。认真写好教案，对每一节课都做到“有备而来”，课后及时对授课做出反思，总结其中不足。并按照单元内容整理重点短语，归纳分发给学生，以便记忆。多鼓励，少批评。为了使学生更爱开口，在练习中，要重视运用鼓励性语言，不断强化学生参加交际的信心

授课之后，做到精讲精练。在每单元结束时，会针对该单元教学重点难点，精简一些习题供学生练习巩固所学知识。习题或是从调研题选择，抑或是从其它套题或网络上选择具有针对性的习题，复印后供学生演练。

认真批改作业。坚持布置适量的作业，使学生所学知识得到巩固和提高。布置作业时，坚持做到有针对性，有层次性，形式多样化。每个学生对课堂上的知识掌握程度，都会在作业中得以直接体现出来。对于难度较大的题目，学生出现错误较多的作业，课上利用时间统一详细讲评每个错误；对于学生不该出现的问题，指导学生及时纠正。每隔两天布置听写任务，对所学新单词、新短语、好句子进行听写。认真及时地批改听写。并针对学生的听写情况，认真透彻地进行讲评，根据其情况不断改进教法。从而做到因材施教，教学相长。

以上就是本人这学期的工作总结，希望能发扬优点，克服其中的不足之处，总结经验教训，以便在下个学年提高自我，共同提高所教年级的英语水平。因此，无论怎样辛苦，我都会一如既往，多学习，勤反思，多向前辈学习，以促进教学工作更上一层楼。

范文仅供参考

5.上海大同中学高一英语 篇五

申 请

尊敬的学校领导：

为提高同学们对英语书法的兴趣，从学生一进校就规范他们的英语书写，培养良好的英语书写习惯，在听、说、读的基础上，全面提高写的技能，丰富同学们的校园文化生活，营造学校的英语学习氛围，促进学生的全面发展，为同学们提供一个展示自我的舞台，高一英语备课组决定在近期组织一次高一学生英语书法比赛活动，请予以支持为谢，后附英语书法比赛活动方案。

不知当否，请批示。

高一英语组

2014年10月17日

湄潭县求是高级中学高一年级英语书法比赛活动方案

一、活动主题：高一学生英语书法比赛。

二、活动目的：

为提高同学们对英语书法的兴趣，规范同学们的英语书写，培养良好的英语书写习惯，在听、说、读的基础上，全面提高写的技能，丰富同学们的校园文化生活，营造学校的英语学习氛围，促进学生的全面发展，为同学们提供一个展示自我的舞台，高一英语备课组决定组织一次高一学生英语书法比赛活动。

二、活动时间：2014年10月30日（第十周星期四）

三、活动地点：求是楼主会议室（1-30班）、求实楼会议室1（31-42班）

四、活动对象：高一年级A班每班5人，B班每班3人，合计134人。

五、比赛方式：每位参赛选手使用统一发放的英语书法比赛专用纸，用钢笔或者签字笔书写。

六、比赛程序：

（一）预赛阶段（2014年10月22日-28日）

活动内容：各班利用课外活动时间先进行预赛，选出代表本班参与年级比赛的选手。

（二）决赛阶段（2014年10月30日下午第8节）活动内容及过程： 1.所有参赛学生进行统一现场比赛，选手自己带笔及教材必修一，书写的内容将印在竞赛专用纸上。

2.现场比赛总时间为40分钟，比赛时间到时未完成作品视为自动弃权。

3.每位参赛选手最多只能更换一次竞赛用纸，参赛作品中纸张涂改严重或撕损者视为退出比赛。

七、评委及评分细则：

1.评委组成：本着公开、公平、公正的原则，本次评委特邀请高二年级英语教师主评，评奖标准严格细致。

2.评分细则：

1）卷面整洁，书写工整，无涂改痕迹。（25%）

2）字母书写规范，单词、句子书写合乎格式及手写体要求（25%）3）字体美观、大方，标点正确，间距适中，无错别字（25%）4）倾斜度适当，结构严谨，通篇整体感强（25%）

八、评选办法：

（一）由高二英语评委小组对参赛作品进行认真评选（具体工作由李兴海老师主持）。

（二）奖项设置：

一等奖10名，二等奖20名，三等奖30名。

（三）奖励办法： 对获奖学生统一颁发获奖证书及奖品，以资鼓励。

九、经费及部门支持

1、学校备好证书及奖品，赛后由高一英语组上报获奖名单，学校教科处填写并组织颁奖。

2、请行政办于2014年10月30日下午第八节课前打开求是楼主会议室及会议室1的门，特邀请教科处领导前往指导，邀请张金平老师进行现场图片的拍摄及保存。

3、经费预算： 监考费：200元，评卷费：250元

十、作品展示：赛后将对获奖学生的作品进行班级宣传栏展示。

6.上海大同中学高一英语 篇六

一、活动主题

学生自己准备一份以健康或与健康有关为主题，约150字的英文演讲稿。要求所有稿件必须是原创的，内容积极向上。

二、活动形式与评分标准

1）、本次活动分初赛与决赛两部分。初赛在各班自行举行，最终选出一名选手代表班级参加决赛。决赛分为三组进行比赛，先进行定题演讲（限时3分钟），演讲结束后，由选手现场抽题，当场回答。分数排在前10位的选手即可获一、二、三等奖，后九名可获优秀奖，一等奖1名，二等奖3名，三等奖6名，优秀奖9名。班级相应加7分、5分、3分、1分。

2）、参赛选手的分数由两部分组成1、定题演讲部分（该部分占总分的90％）

2、回答问题（该部分占总分的10％）

评分细则为：

1、发音 20分

2、内容 30分

3、仪态仪表 10分

4、语言应用 20分

5、总体印象 10分

6、应变能力（回答问题）10分

三、工作人员安排

1、宣传发动与氛围营造：各班任课老师以及班主任。

2、通知拟定与实施细则制订：徐飞、杨凤兰

3、活动主持：杨飞、葛攀婕、两位学生

4、娱乐节目选拔、编排与化妆：仲桂芝、戚丹青、戚新青

5、参赛选手报名、抽签，评委评分标准发放以及参赛选手上场秩序安排等：

唐波、机调两个

6、音响、灯光、话筒、拍照、主席台、评委席与横幅布置等：徐飞、周捷

7、会场安排、进退场管理：胡主任、周捷以及各班班主任

8、后勤准备（奖品、荣誉证书、水果、互动小礼品、评委与特邀嘉宾牌）

以及计分统计、证书书写等：陈晶晶、戚新青、李玲

9、话筒调节以及与前台与后台联系：戚丹青

10、颁奖嘉宾与评委邀请，安排开幕式致辞，协调方面工作：陈主席11各方面调配、监督全面工作、确保本次活动顺利开展：杨凤兰。

7.上海大同中学高一英语 篇七

在农村高中多年生物教学实践中,我发现进入高中后,学生普遍存在不适应高中生物教学, 学习上普遍存在吃力的现象,学习策略欠缺,学习盲目,最后导致不爱学,不愿学生物。即便是一些将来读理科的学生也普遍反映,虽然上课很用功,而且老师讲的都听得懂,课本内容都看懂,但是一做题目却都不会。这与高中生物这门学科的特殊性有关。生物是一门以实验为基础的自然科学,一直被喻为理科中的“文科”,需要大量记忆,而且必须牢记,对学生自学、理解能力的要求较高,更重要的原因是在农村中小学重成绩轻能力。农村中学教师职称与学生学习成绩挂钩,职校工资与成绩排名挂钩,所以每年的统考排名、学校校排名、区排名、末位淘汰制导致教师不敢大意。教师课堂教学内容越来越多,学生安排学习活动的自由度越来越少,加上迫于升学率,中考试题越来越简单,难度越来越小,导致初中教学中简单、机械的重复内容越来越多,课堂中讲得多,有的教师几乎是嚼碎了知识喂给学生,导致学生养成了不需要理解,被动去接受、再现知识的学习方法与习惯。高中课程较多, 侧重在理解基础知识的水平上考查学生运用知识、解决问题、分析问题的能力,因此大部分学生学习策略不适应高中。高中学习无法适应导致学习成绩不理想,逐渐对生物学科丧失学习兴趣,最终产生畏惧心理。

以下我根据学科特点和学生特点在教学实践中探索适合学生学习生物的“三步”学习策略,以帮助学生有效学习。

一、课前预习策略

预习在学习整个过程中有不可低估的作用, 是教学中一个很重要的环节。“师者,传道授业解惑也”。“惑”是驱动学生学习的内在动力,“惑”从何而来呢? 通过课前预习,学生理清已知与未知,并标出或者记下,养成自主学习的习惯。当然,这个习惯培养不是一蹴而就的,必须假以时日,绝非一朝一夕之力, 但是一旦养成受益匪浅。这需要高一老师与学生共同努力,教师可布置预习作业,督促学生养成课前预习的习惯。要注意的是预习作业的设置重在培养学生的预习习惯, 所以设置能诱发引起学生预习的动机, 对学生思维有一定的挑战性的、能“跳一跳,摘桃子”的,不要简单的课堂习题再现。比如:在必修第一章第二节细胞多样性和统一性一节课中, 我布置学生的预习作业是:请同学小组合作,根据课本高倍显微镜的使用方法,用显微镜观察至少一种细胞,并记录观察中碰到的问题,供上课交流。当然,上课之前我会对学生进行分组,把学习较好学生与较差学生搭配。同时上课之前把先上班级和上届学生的相关预习反馈,较典型的作业链接到课件中,供学生参考,并引起注意。课后,定时开放实验室并每个班级放置一台显微镜及制作玻片标本的仪器,由专人管理,供学生在预习的时候使用,创造一个有利于学生学习的环境。下节课上课之前,全班评议,给各个小组加上不等分数并积累。有了完成的条件和完善的评价机制, 既让学生体验课前预习带来的乐趣和成功的喜悦,又促进学生养成课前预习的习惯,培养学生的合作学习和实验能力,可谓一举多得。

二、课中“三听”“三记”学习策略

所谓“三听”,是指听“重点”、“难点”、“听不懂之处”。“三记”指的是记“记重点”、“记生疏点”、“记规律”。

许多学生上课听课力求一字不落,但关键内容还是落下,埋头苦记一节课最后只是一大堆笔记,还是清处自清,惑处还惑。研究表明,一个人注意力及注意时间是有限的,一般不超过30分钟,而且因人而异。如果一节课都全神贯注听课最后当然会累,而且效率不高。所以课堂中学会“三听”、“三记”,将大大提高课堂效率。“重点”、“难点”在哪? 每节课所涉及的问题涵括本节的重点难点,课前预习中自己不会的是学生学习的难点。

三、课后“三勤”的学习策略

“三勤”即“勤复习”、“勤整理 ”、“勤练习”。

1.“勤复习”。德国心理学家艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线告诉我们,日常记忆是这样形成的:输入的信息如果有注意才能形成短期记忆, 短期记忆复习才能形成长期记忆, 否则就会被遗忘。只有不断回顾,才能温故知新。 (1)每天作业之前先复习,可以巩固和较强记忆已经学过的知识,提高作业效率,一边翻书一边做题,虽然做题正确率很高,但不能起到巩固知识的作用。经常做完作业后发现原来书上不记得的知识还是不记得,所以作业之前先复习,高效又省时。 (2)章末复习,明确每章知识的主干线,掌握其知识结构,使知识系统化。找出节与节之间、章与章之间的联系,建立新的认识结构和知识系统。既巩固和加深所学知识,又学到方法,提高能力。 (3)考试之前先复习,记忆力再好的学生考试前也要把知识复习一下。

一些学生学习生物存在听懂看懂不会做问题的现象,原因在于对知识只停留在表面,不完全理解,当然就无法应用,对于这种情况只能依靠多做题解决。教师可以引导学生多做一些典型题目,以增强对课本重难点的理解应用能力,定期复习总结“勤练习”。

2.“勤整理”。课后勤整理笔记 ,上课时来不及记得课本有的可简单做标记,课后进行认真整理便于日后查看。衡水中学学生的笔记一目了然,条理清楚,简直就是一本教材。单元速完成之后进行书面整理小结,促进知识条理网络化,考后整理纠错本,每次考后整理一下纠错本,不要让自己在同一个地方再次跌倒。

良好的习惯是成功的一半, 良好的学习策略是实现学习目标的有效方法和手段。虽然刚开始会比较累,但在对高一学生进行跟踪调查发现, 实验班与对照班级的学习能力和效果进行比较发现实验班的学生强于对照班,特别是高二高三。实验班的学生对知识的迁移,应用能力强于对照班,良好的学习策略才能更好地学好高中生物。

摘要：在农村高中多年生物教学实践中发现,许多学生进入高中后不能适应高中生物的学习,盲目学习,不会学,导致不爱学,不愿学生物。本文针对高中生物课程的特点、课程目标要求及农村中学高一新生的学生策略存在的问题等方面,提出适合高一学生学习生物的策略,从课前、课中及课后的学习策略三个方面进行论述。

8.上海大同中学高一英语 篇八

关键词：私立中学；高一；数学；教学

一、问题的提出

随着我国高中教育快速发展，公办高中因招生名额有限，已无法满足当前社会需求，不少私立中学应运而生。笔者执教的一所私立高中，由于办学规模的扩大，所招生源多来自农村学校，中考成绩在全县中游水平，生源质量与公办高中差距进一步拉大。低分学生的大幅增长，也使数学总体成绩不容乐观，很多高一学生第一个跟头就栽在数学上。根据我校2012级高一第一学期期末数学考试成绩统计显示，高一4个班220名学生，在此次考试中不及格的人数竟占■。数学成绩不高，极大地影响了学校的教学成绩，制约着学校办学水平的进一步提升。

二、学生素质差异

（一）学习被动

经问卷调查，本县城区有75.3%的公办高中高一学生在双休及节假日经常安排时间复习功课，而85.5%的私立高中高一学生，除了教师指定的作业外，极少主动地学习，对作业也是疲于应付。

（二）对数学缺乏兴趣

多数私立高一学生认为数学很难、太抽象，上课时注意力分散，发呆走神或小动作不断，对数学有抵触情绪，放任自己开小差。

（三）对数学焦虑程度很高

不少私立高一学生在数学课堂听不懂、作业做不出、计算出现错误、证明遇到阻力或考试成绩不良时，就马上表现出焦躁不安，冲动忧郁的情绪。

（四）学习方法衔接不当

许多私立高一学生还像初中那样，有很强的依赖心理，学习上不定计划，课前不预习，坐等上课，盲目跟随教师机械运转，没有把握学习的主动权。

（五）忽视基础训练

一些“自我感觉良好”的学生，常轻视基本知识、基本技能和基本方法的学习与训练，经常只是知道大概怎么做，而没去认真演算书写，到作业或考试中不是演算出错就是中途“卡壳”。

三、原因分析

（一）个人原因

1.数学基础较差。数学知识有它的逻辑性和连续性。初中数学基础不扎实，升入高中后必然会直接影响后续知识的学习，形成新旧知识的断链。

2.自卑心理。不少学生在初中因学习方法不当或主观努力不够，数学考试屡考屡败，经常被笑话和轻视。日积月累，学生就丧失了学习自信，形成严重的颓废自卑心理。

3.学习方法失当。很多学生在初中三年已养成了固定的学习方法。他们上课认真，但缺乏积极思维，科学安排时间、自学能力明显不足。而高中数学内容多、进度快、题目难，每节课的容量都较大，学生如果不能深入体会思想方法，抓住重点难点，有效地进行课后复习，前学后忘的现象比较普遍。

4.缺乏恒心。有的学生尽管知道学习数学应当勤奋，但往往只有三分钟热度，面对众多困难，无法持之以恒。

（二）外部原因

1.教材原因。（1）教材大纲要求高。我国现有基础教育的一大弊病就是教学要求偏难、偏深、偏高。数学教学内容常超阶段，超大纲，难点难题多，大多数私立高一学生能力不足，挫伤了学生学习的积极性。（2）初、高中教材间梯度过大。初中教材偏重实数集内的运算，缺少对概念的严格定义，不少数学定理没有严格论证，教材坡度较缓、直观性强。而高一教材概念多、符号多、定义严格，论证要求又高，高一新生学起来有一定的难度。（3）高中的数学语言与初中差别大。初中的数学主要是以形象、通俗的语言方式表达。而高一数学立刻就触及抽象的集合符号语言、逻辑运算语言、函数语言、图形语言等。学生一开始的思维梯度太大，难以理解，觉得似乎很“玄”。（4）高中数学的知识内容的“量”急剧增加了。高一数学每节课涵盖的知识量大幅增加，而辅助练习的课时却减少了。这也使很多学习被动的、依赖心理重的高一新生难以适应。

2.环境原因。（1）外面世界的诱惑。外面的世界很精彩，中学生对新鲜事物充满好奇，总是试图探个究竟，他们了解世界的同时，也受众多不利因素干扰。由于年龄、心理的不成熟，网吧、游戏等的吸引力常常超过他们的自我控制力，不少学生深陷其中，无法自拔。（2）家庭教育因素。不少学生家长长期在外经商打工，或因自身教育水平不够，与子女缺少沟通，对子女的学习放任自流。更有的家长认为学习是子女和教师的事，自己当起甩手掌柜。家长自身思想的偏差，在潜移默化中影响了子女的学习。

3.教师因素。教师创新意识不够，教案老化不够新颖，课堂教学中仍采用传统的“讲解—接受”模式，大容量，满堂灌，课堂教学效果差。教学方法上，不少教师刚带完高三，对新生群体消化知识能力了解不够，往往习惯性地用高三复习时的难度来指导高一教学。教学方法上提升太过突兀，缺乏平稳过渡，很多学生适应不了新的教学方法。此外，不少新聘教师教学经验不足，容易忽视学生群体差异，将他们与质优生同等对待，缺乏分层次的教学方式。

四、改进对策

如何从私立高一学生实际出发，因材施教，因生施策，调动他们的学习积极性，挖掘潜力，努力达到公立学生水准，甚至成为数学优质生，我认为可以从以下几方面努力。

（一）帮助学生树立学好数学的信心

教师在开学初提问题，要注意循序渐进，把握好梯度。章节考试可适当降低难度，让学生能取得好成绩，转变数学难学的思想定势，对差生不抛弃、不放弃，要让学生感受到“我能行”，心中有成就感。教师对学生的疑问要先耐心地帮他们找准症结，分析原因，再布置类似的习题，以熟练解题技能，增强学生自信。

（二）多样的授课计划

高中教师应结合初中教师的授课特点，根据高一教材和大纲，制定教学计划。教师还应不断探索教授的新方法，因为同样上一节课，今年的方法对路，但未必适合下年新生，适合甲班，不一定适合乙班。教师还要因生施策，对学习基础不同的学生，要有差异化的教法，分层次区别对待。

（三）科学安排教学进度

高一刚开始，教师要放慢教学进度，教学新高一第一章课时数要增加，要加强基本概念、基础知识的教学，减少学生在理解过程中的障碍，让学生逐步适应高中数学的正常教学。

（四）改进课堂教学

教师要把学生置于教学的出发点和核心地位，应学生而动，以学定教。突破传统静态课堂教学模式，增加课堂互动，增加学生到黑板上演练的次数，越是学困生越要让他们做，使他们的思维始终处于积极状态。在课堂中，教师应更多地引入多媒体辅助教学，利用多媒体技术对文本、声音、图形、图像、动画等强大的的综合处理功能制作教学课件，创造出图文并茂、有声有色、生动逼真的教学环境，让学生耳目一新，焕发课堂的生机活力。

（五）改进学习方法

很多学生在初中学数学就是用题海战术。升入高中还想“故伎重演”，但效果总是差强人意。往往花费了很多时间，做了大量的题目，成绩就是上不去。不可否认，做题是数学学习中必不可少的环节，但是如果掉到题海里，单纯地做题，既浪费了时间，又难有理想的成绩。因此，教师要改进学习方法，让每一分钟都产生学习效益，须注意以下几点。

1.先预习，后听讲。教师应让学生进行课前预习，熟悉课上将要学习的知识，做好上课的知识准备和心理准备；明确课堂重点，找出自己理解上的难点，做到有的放矢地去听课，变被动为主动，提高听课效率。

2.先复习，后做作业。知识在学习最初的几天内遗忘是最快、最多的，及时地复习是战胜遗忘的法宝。只有经过反复的遗忘、记忆之后，知识才能入脑入心。因此，及时复习是高效率学习的重要一环。作业是对课堂知识的反馈与小结，教师可以让学生温故而知新，认真对待作业中出现的错误，仔细思考并认真改正，不要应付了事。

3.做好课堂笔记。学习高中数学一定不要轻视课堂笔记。俗话说：“好记性不如烂笔头。”教师讲课时间有限，内容转瞬即逝，学生对知识的瞬时记忆容易消退模糊，没有笔记课后就无法有效复习。但课堂笔记要学会记出“门道”，应该做到有摘要、有重点地记，而不是全抄全录。

4.及时总结。教师应建议每位学生都准备一个“错题本”，专门记录、收集自己的疑难问题和典型错误，认真梳理自己对这道题的理解与做法，经常把易错的地方作适当的强化练习。有量的积累，就会有质的飞跃，还为今后复习准备了高效的素材。

5.举一反三。数学中许多题目解题思路都相近，学生在解题过程中要用心体会，总结规律，解题时就会起到举一反三、融会贯通，彻底弄懂一道题，胜过盲目地做100道题。