雅思作文：科技发展

雅思作文：科技发展（共7篇）

1.雅思作文：科技发展 篇一

主体段 2：积极还是消极发展

结尾段：理由总结 + 重申观点

范文解析

开头段

交代背景“新科技影响人们之间的交流”，表明既有优点，也有缺点。

背景句：It is true that new technologies have had an influence on communication between people.

个人立场：Technology has affected relationships in various ways, and in my opinion there are both positive and negative effects.

主体段 1

科技影响着商业、教育、社会生活中的关系。

主题句：Technology has had an impact on relationships in business, education and social life.

平行列举：电话互联网→商业;科技服务→学习方式;社交媒体→沟通交流

Firstly, telephones and the Internet allow business people in different countries to interact without ever meeting each other. Secondly, services like Skype create new possibilities for relationships between students and teachers. For example, a student can now take video lessons with a teacher in a different city or country. Finally, many people use social networks, like Facebook, to make new friends and find people who share common interests, and they interact through their computers rather than face to face.

主体段 2

一方面，科技进步带来了很多好处，另一方面可能会造成孤立人和真实交往问题。

主题句 1：On the one hand, these developments can be extremely positive.

对比论证：Cooperation between people in different countries was much more difficult when communication was limited to written letters or telegrams. Nowadays, interactions by email, phone or video are almost as good as face-to-face meetings, and many of us benefit from these interactions, either in work or social contexts.

主题句 2：On the other hand, the availability of new communication technologies can also have the result of isolating people and discouraging real interaction.

举例论证 ：For example, many young people choose to make friends online rather than mixing with their peers in the real world, and these ‘virtual’ relationships are a poor substitute for real friendships.

结尾段

总结理由 + 重申观点

In conclusion, technology has certainly revolutionised communication between people, but not all of the outcomes of this revolution have been positive.

重点表达

have an influence on 对……有影响

had an impact on 对……有影响

social life 社会生活

allow people to do 允许人们做某事

create new possibilities for 为……创造新的可能性

take video lessons 上视频课

social networks 社会网络

face to face 面对面

On the one hand, On the other hand 一方面……另一方面……

be extremely positive 非常积极

Cooperation 合作

was limited to 被限制在……上

as good as face-to-face meetings 和面对面会议一样好

benefit from 从……受益

interaction 相互作用

either in work or social contexts 既在工作环境也在社会环境

have the result of … 有……的结果

mixing with their peers 和他们的同辈相处

virtual relationship 虚拟关系

雅思写作范文：网络使我们失去交流能力

Task：More people are using mobile phones and computers to communicate. Therefore, people are losing the ability to communicate with each other face to face. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Sample answer：

Now you are benefiting from the use of mobile phone and the Internet as social interaction media, could you imagine what your daily lives would be without these inventions? Some people claim that individuals are gradually losing face-to-face communication skills. Nevertheless, from personal perspective, online communication cannot make people lose the ability of offline communication.

Apparently, excessive use of the Internet and mobile phones has been undermining our interpersonal relationship offline. Even during a face-to-face conversation, it is no rare thing that everyone is busy looking at his cell phones, neglecting his friends or families across the dinner table. In addition, it has become incredibly easy to contact each other electronically and share information instantly in social community. Gone are the days when people could only communicate via fixed telephone or writing letters which took several days to reach others. So no one is not crazy about smart phones and computers which boast cutting-edge functions like sharing photos and videos with more friends simultaneously.

In spite of the popularity of technological progress mentioned above, never should we turn a blind eye to the irreplaceablity of face-to-face communication. It is common that many schools impart knowledge to students by teaching in classrooms instead of distance education. The same is true of the cooperation among companies, which needs face to face conversation to acquire trust with each other in advance. Furthermore, although online contact may possess increasing numbers of friends, the permanence of mutual relationships cannot lack face-to-face interactions, which can be confirmed by the example of the closest friends and even loving couples. Besides, solving tricky issues are generally more effective and more convenient by surrounding colleagues or friends then by those who live and work in remote places and need online communication.

As far as social interaction is concerned, although the cell phone and the Internet have updated the lives of the current generation. People cannot forget how to make offline communication with each other.

(325 words)

2.雅思作文：科技发展 篇二

雅思学术类写作考试中的Task 1 考察考生解释、说明信息的能力, 这些信息通常体现在图解、表格和插图中。考生必须用自己的话说明这些信息, 不要用注释的形式进行写作。文章字数应该不少于规定的150 字。考生在作文中无需阐述自己的意见、做出假设对所给信息做出结论性的评价。与Task 2 相比, 这一部分的模式化程度更高些。因此, 图表作文的写作可以分为以下四个步骤:

一、审题

学术类Task 1 的题目说明通常是要求考生向大学老师写一份报告, 并假定该老师没有见过图表材料, 因此, 考生作文即为提供图表数据的唯一来源。考生不能想当然地认为阅卷老师应该知道数据是如何变化的, 而应用相对专业的词汇将这些数据描述清楚。

通常, 题目会设定一个背景, 告诉考生数据的来源、内容或含义。题目往往说明该数据来自某个国家, 这只是出题者为了使数据显得真实、或者更有趣, 但考生完全无需对该国家情况进行描述。

二、构思

审题后就要对文章进行大概构思, 其一, 分析图表的主要特征, 其二, 弄清写作重点及选用适当的分析方法。分析图表的主要特征是写作的基础内容。考生需要弄清楚图表所要表达的问题、主要规律等等, 对于多个图表的组合题目还需分析各图表间的关系。图表往往有很多数据, 但不是每个数据都需要描述。然后选择分析方法: 分类法、数据比较法、平铺直叙法和显著特征描述法。

三、写作

在确定了题目要求和写作方向后就可以着手确定文章结构了, 主要包括文章分几段、每段描述哪些数据、各段间的顺序如何安排。图表作文一般可分为引言、正文和结尾三部分。

1. 开好引言段, 把握主题句的准确表达。引言段开头必须是主题句。主题句一般要开门见山、简洁明了地告诉读者你在图表中看到了什么。在引言部分应就图表的基本情况进行描述, 但无需详细说明。一般来说, 引言段中的主题句应告诉读者, 文章引用的信息出自表格还是示意图, 其内容指的是什么等等。此外, 该主题句还应说明图中数字代表什么、所指对象及相应的人和时间。这个句子信息量大, 为读者理解下文做了很好的铺垫。写作命题中可能已经提供合适的主题句。如果是这种情况, 千万不要原封不动地抄下来, 考生应重新组织一下语言, 使之与提供的命题语气稍有区别。

2. 描写图表。在描写图表时, 应着重描写体现图表主要特点或总体变化规律的数据或信息, 忽略无关紧要的变化状况或没有“特色”的数据。此外, 还应该注意使用衔接词和转承短语, 使文章显得紧凑, 逻辑性强。

3. 结尾段。与Task 2 不同, Task 1 末尾不需要加一段“单独”的结论, 因为Task 1 没有要求用一句话做出结论或评论。学术类写作Task 1 中要求考生描述图表, 作文中发表个人见解是不合适的, 反而可能导致扣分。

4. 检查。由于紧张, 考生在考场上常会犯一些写作错误。因此, 考生应尽量留出2 ~ 3 分钟时间对文章进行全面检查。以下问题需要特别注意:

( 1) 拼写错误。频繁和低级的拼写错误会使考生得高分的可能性大打折扣。因此, 考生应认真检查名词单复数、动词过去分词、过去式等形式。还应注意标点符号的使用。

( 2) 不规则书写。该大写的时候不大写, 不该大写的时候反而大写, 或者采用不正规的缩写形式。除此之外, 由于作文部分涉及大量的书写, 考生应尽量工整、清晰的完成答卷, 避免由于辨认不清而导致的扣分现象。

( 3) 语法错误。包括主谓一致、时态一致等问题。这里要提醒考生注意句子成分的完整性, 有些考生片面追求句式复杂多变, 却忽略了句子成分的完整性, 最常见的是长句子中缺少谓语、多谓语或没有连接词。考生应该明确, 高分作文句式多变是建立在准确的基础上的。

( 4) 数字表达不清。图表作文字数往往很多, 考生由于紧张, 在考场上易将数字混淆, 如抄错数字、看串行等。另外, 考生还易混淆一些有关数字的表达法, 如: “A是B的N倍”与“A比B多N倍”。

3.雅思图表类作文写作分析 篇三

Writing Task 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. (1) The charts below give information about travel to and from the UK, and about the most popular countries for UK residents to visit. (2) Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. (3) Write at least 150 words. (4)

解题技巧分析

一、认真读题，抓住题目中关键词

从上文可见，图表作文的内容要求在题目中都有体现，小作文的题目分成文字和图表两部分。文字部分每次考试都是类似的，四段话分别讲述时间要求(1)、图表信息概述(2)、内容要求(3)和文字量要求(4)。其中图表信息概述(2)是对图表内容的整体描述，是临场写作词句的极佳素材。内容要求(3)中的关键词汇：总结(summarize)、选择和报告(select and report)，主要特征(main features)和相关比较(make comparisons where relevant)会在后面内容要求分析中逐个展开。

二、掌握写作时间与写作字数

图表作文写作时间为20分钟左右，并未加以严格限制，熟练写作小作文的考生甚至还可以节省出一些时间用于Task 2。但是根据经验，考试时按照题目推荐的20分钟进行写作比较合理。对于小作文的长短，考虑到临场写作时间紧迫以及增加字数会提高考生语言错误的暴露率等客观因素，笔者建议大家把小作文字数控制在150～200之间为最佳，不必过于追求长度与细致度。纵观《剑桥雅思》系列中出自雅思考官笔下的满分范文，字数一般都是刚刚超过150。

三、注意图表部分的图名和图例

判断一篇文章的表达是否多样化，其中之一就是看其用词是否多变准确而不单一。图表部分中，图名和图例是考生临场写作时重要的同义词来源，大家一定要学会加以利用。例如第一幅图中的visit就是图表信息概述中travel的可替换同义词。另外，大家还要注意坐标轴上单位的正确使用，因为图表描述的是数字规律，而数字离开单位将没有任何意义，例如第一幅图中纵坐标人数的单位是百万(表示单位时用复数 millions)，写作中表达具体数字时，如5300万，应该是53 million，不能因为图表中单位的复数表达而误写成53 millions。

写作方法分析

图表写作的最高境界是，不看图表，只看文章，就能够让人对图表的重要特征有清晰的认识。现在就让我们按照本题中内容要求的关键词汇(题目中的黑体部分)进行逐个分析：

总结(summarize)强调我们要对图表中数字的规律进行阐释，而不是仅仅停留在对数据的具体描述上，例如无需逐年描述第一幅图中的英国居民出境或者入境旅游的人次数。

报告(report)强调客观的描述，任何具有主观色彩的观点性描写在雅思小作文中都是不妥当的。例如第二幅图中，如果出现“在1999年，最受英国旅行者欢迎的国家是法国是因为它有美丽的景色。”这样的表达就不能为雅思图表作文所接受，因为这里“它有美丽的景色”，属于考生对图表数据产生原因的一种主观猜测，属于多此一举。

主要特征(main features)即图表反映的主要数字规律，最常见的规律有趋势和极值两种。具体到第一幅图上就是英国居民出境旅游人数和海外居民到英国旅游人数从1979年到1999年都在增加。无论是出境游还是入境游，1979年人次数最少，1999年最多。而第二张图中，描述的是5个独立数字，没有趋势，只有极值。从中不难发现，法国(France)和西班牙(Spain)在1999年作为最受欢迎的英国人旅游目的地得票数，明显超过其余国家。

选择(select)强调在数字多、特征多的图表中，考生应综合考虑图表内容和文字量要求选择主要特征，忽略次要特征。所谓主要特征就是指在一组数据中所表现出来的大趋势，而不是单单一个细节上表现出来的个例特征。例如：我们很容易从第一幅图中发现，1985年到1988年英国居民出境旅游人数增加速度最快，然而这一点只是两条曲线中的一个细节特征，而不是整个上升趋势的代表性特征，所以考虑到需要在150～200字范围之内描述两幅图，这个特征就可以作为次要特征不必多加描述。

比较(make comparisons where relevant)意为不同数据组之间规律的比较，既可以在同一幅图表内部比较，也可以在图表之间进行比较。例如在第一幅图中，英国居民出境旅游的人数比外国居民到英国旅游的人数多，而且增长速度更快。又如考虑两幅图之间信息相关的部分，比如第二幅图所描述的1999年，对应第一幅图中的数字约为53 million。联系两图发现到法国(France)和西班牙(Spain)两个国家的英国旅游者人数就占了当年英国旅游者总人数的20%左右。可见这些都是一些重要信息，需要在作文中表述出来。

最后需要补充的是细节(supporting details)，因为如果文章仅仅是对主要特征的描述，则显然无法写出150字，而特征是必须有具体数字支持的。这时可以引用1979年和1999年英国居民出境旅游人次数大约12 million和大约53 million来支持英国居民出境旅游人数在1979年到1999年增加的这一现象(单调增加的曲线，趋势和极值可以写在一起)。另外还可以列举1999年最受英国旅游者欢迎的５个国家具体接待英国游客人数，来支持法国和西班牙是英国游客两大目的地国。

4.现代科技类雅思写作话题如何写？ 篇四

出国英语考试有哪些 雅思6.5是什么水平雅思阅读评分标准 托福阅读评分标准 雅思和托福的区别

科技越来越发达，我们的生活也随之发生变化，手环，可穿戴设备等等在慢慢的.改变我们的生活，在雅思写作考试中，会有哪些关于现代科技的话题呢?

话题一、现代通讯科技

母题1：People can perform everyday tasks, such as shopping and banking as well as business transactions, without meeting other people face-to-face. What are the effects of this on individuals and society as a whole? (050226, 070331)

提示：这道题目是经典的科技类话题，因为这道“无脸化交易”的题目浓缩了网络购物、电视购物、网络银行，ATM自助银行、手机银行、电话会议、视频会议等多种话题，是

第一文库网大家必写的话题之一。

母题2：Many employees may work at home with the modern technology. Some people claim that it can benefit only the workers, not the employers. Do you agree or disagree? (050716, 091212)

提示：“远程上班”telecommute也是一个重点话题，对于员工和雇主当然都有好处。

话题二、现代媒体(电视、电脑、手机)

母题

1： Some people believe that time spent on television, video and computer games can be valuable for children. Others believe this has negative effects on a child. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (080110)

提示：这道话题涵盖了电视、视频和电脑游戏的好处与坏处，可以多练习。

母题2：There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones? (060114)

提示：这道题目是手机类话题的经典题目，从社会、健康、科技三个角度来展开，范围很广。

子题：要不要鼓励儿童看电视?看电视和玩游戏对小孩、家庭和社会有什么影响，怎样解决?电脑不能帮助儿

童学习，只会造成身心伤害，你同意吗?如何鼓励老年人使用手机和电脑?手机对于个人和社会的好处与坏处是什么?

以上是雅思写作科技类话题，更多雅思信息可以关注智课教育雅思频道。

5.雅思写作：1214雅思大作文 篇五

To start with, thanks to the progress of society, the obsolete gender stereotype has gradually been removed or at least weakened. Since one century ago when women were finally entitled the right to vote, their social status has been constantly on the rise, which is manifested in both education and career. To a large extent, we today have already realized gender equality in many countries, so women begin to take on roles once dominated by men for years, vice versa. Also, as people become more tolerant and respectful to others’ personal option, males who want to stay at home and take care of children do not need to face others’ judgments or even mocks like before.

Secondly, for some families, it is a realistic and beneficial choice for the mother to work full-time and the father to stay at home. A fundamental reason is that the mother has better career prospect and hence is able to earn more money for the family. In addition, there are women who have strong career ambition and feel exhausted and frustrated to spend years at home for children. To avoid family conflicts and help the wife to restore confidence, the husband is willing to give up his own career and take the responsibility for child care. The last but not least realistic reason why the father stays at home to look after children is he wants to give himself a break in career and wants to spend more time with children.

In general, if the couple can reach agreement on who goes to work and who stays at home, it is a positive trend for more fathers to opt for family by quitting jobs, as women today are capable of doing almost all professions once taken by men and men can enjoy more happy time with children.

20171214雅思大作文题目：

In some countries, more and more fathers are staying at home to look after children, while mothers work full-time. What are the reasons and is it positive or negative?

6.雅思写作雅思考试秘笈作文 篇六

[雅思写作]雅思考试作文抢分秘笈

作文中常用句套：

下文中出现的 A,B, “...”(某事物), “sb”( somebody),

要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换.

开头：

When it comes to ..., some think ...

There is a public debate today that ...

A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?

Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.

提出观点：

Now there is a growing awareness that...

It is time we explore the truth of ...

Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.

进一步提出观点：

... but that is only part of the history.

Another equally important aspect is ...

A is but one of the many effects. Another is ...

Besides, other reasons are...

提出假想例子的方式：

Suppose that...

Just imagine what would be like if...

It is reasonable to expect...

It is not surprising that...

举普通例子：

For example(instance),...

... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)

A good case in point is...

A particular example for this is...

引用：

One of the greatest early writers said ...

“Knowledge is power”, such is the remard of ...

“......”. That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).

“......”. How often we hear such words like there.

讲故事

(先说故事主体)，this story is not rare.

..., such delimma we often meet in daily life.

..., the story still has a realistic significance.

提出原因：

There are many reasons for ...

Why .... , for one thing,...

The answer to this problem involves many factors.

Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...

The first reason can be obiviously seen.

Most people would agree that...

Some people may neglect that in fact ...

Others suggest that...

Part of the explanation is ...

进行对比：

The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...

Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...

Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.

A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...

承上启下：

To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...

A study of ... will make this point clear

让步：

Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...

I do not deny that A has its own merits.

结尾：

>From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw

the conclusion that ...

In summary, it is wiser ...

In short...

在作文中引用合适的.名言警句，会给你的文章增色许多。这里收集了我本人喜爱的一些名言，可能会对你有用。我们使用引用的位置可以在开头结尾或正文段落中，

常见的使用形式如下：

One of the greatest early writers said ...

“Knowledge is power”, such is the remard of ...

“......”. That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).

“......”. How often we hear such words like there.

Useful quotations

逆境

by Robert Collier

In every adversity there lies the seed of an equivalent advantage. In every defeat there is a lesson showing you how to win the victory next time.

努力与成功

by Ann Landers

Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them.

坚持

by Ralph Waldo Emerson

No one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves.

Confucius 孔子

Our greatest glory is not in never falling...

but in rising every time we fall.

坚持

Mother Teresa

To keep a lamp burning we have to keep putting oil in it.

Henry Ford

Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it inuo small jobs.

Winston Churchill

Never, never, never, never give up.

Albert Einstein

In uhe middle of difficulty lies opportunity.

努力与成功

by Crassus

Those who aim at great deeds must suffer greatly.

Thomas Edison

There is no substitute for hard work.

Leo Tolstoi

The strongest of all warriors are these two- Time and Patience.

Thomas Jefferson

I'm a great believer in luck,

and I find the harder I work...

the more I have of it.

Robert Collier

Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.

Ray A. Croc

Luck is a dividend of sweat. The more you sweat, the luckier you get.

实际经验与间接经验

You'll learn more about a road by traveling it...

than by consulting all the maps in the world.

动机与结果

Vince Lombardi

Winning isn't everything...

but wanting to win is.

John F. Kennedy

We choose to go!to the moon and other things , oot because they are easy, but because they are hard.

Thucydides

The strong do what they will.

The weak do what they must.

为人态度：

John Wooden

Talent is God given--Be Humble.

Fame is man given-- Be Thankful.

Conceit is self given --Be Careful.

行动：

Theodore Roosevelt

Do what you can , with what you have , with where you are.

Publilius Syrus Maxim

No one knows what he can do till he tries.

Terence

There is nothing so easy but that i

[1][2]下一页

[1][2]下一页

[雅思写作]雅思考试作文抢分秘笈

t becomes difficult when you do it reluctantly.

Thomas Fuller

A wise man turns chance into good fortune.

William Hazlitt

Prosperity is a great teacher;

adversity is a greater.

William Penn

No pains, no palm;

no thorns, no throne;

no gall , no glory;

no cross, no crown.

Will Rogers

Even if you're on the right track, you'll get run over... if you just sit there.

Opportunity rarely knocks on your door.

Knock rather on opportunity's door if you ardently wish to enter.

成功与失败

Vince Lombardi

It's not whether you get knocked down.

...It's whether you get up again.

Winston Churchill

An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity;

a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity.

热情(年轻/年老)

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.

信心

James Allen

The will to do springs from the knowledge that we can do.

Samuel Johnson

Few things are impossible to diligence and skill.

Aughey

Lost time is never found again.

Voltaire

No problem can stand the assault of sustained thinking.

Napoleon

Victory belongs to the most persevering.

细心

Euipides

Leave no stone unturned.

计划与工作

Norman Vincent Peale

Plan your work for today and every day;

then work your plan.

Henry Ford

Failure is only the opportunity to more intelligently begin again.

Thomas Edison

I start where the last man left off.

理想与现实

What the mind of man can conceive and believe,

the mind of a man can achieve.

勤奋

Benjamin Franklin

Plough deep while sluggards sleep.

目标

Henry David Thoreau

In the lone run men hit only what they aim at.

幸运

Emily Dickinson

Luck is not chance...

It's toil...

Fortune's expensive smile is earned.

勤奋

Thomas Edison

Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.

Useful Quotations

想象力

Albert Einstein

Imagination is more important than knowledge.

挑战：

Walter Begehot

The great pleasure in life is doing what people say you cannot do.

机会与准备

Abraham Lincoln

I will prepare and some day my chance will come.

信心与事实

Henry Ford

Whether you think you can or think you can't -- you are right.

English Proverb

Where there's a will there's a way.

There is no failure excepting no longer trying.

Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.

上一页[1][2]

7.用极简主义法攻克雅思大作文 篇七

学术类的雅思大作文通常有四个评分标准：写作任务回应情况（task response）、连贯与衔接（coherence and cohesion）、词汇丰富程度（lexical resource）、语法多样性及准确性（grammatical range and accuracy）。为了追求多样性和丰富性，达到内容与语言以及词汇与语法的表里如一（有思想的内容配上高档的语言，正式的词汇配上正式的语法结构），有些考生在考试中一味追求华丽的辞藻，使用复杂的长难句，往往导致词语或句型使用不当，不仅会给考官造成阅读压力，而且会有“假大空”之嫌。下面笔者将极简主义写作风格引入雅思大作文写作，这种方法在使文章符合四项标准的基础上，可以减少考生和考官的压力：考生不必使用复杂的语言，考官也不需要为理解复杂的语言表达而费脑力。笔者以一篇例文为例，从两方面分析例文的写作风格和特点：一是考生与考官的关系，二是考生与话题的关系。概括来说，前者可概括为亲切，后者可概括为醒豁。

题目与例文

题目 Some people think that instead of preventing climate change， we need to find a way to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree？

例文

It’s getting hotter. The change of climate is an undeniable fact， and it has a not-quite-pleasant effect on our life. Should we simply accept it and learn to adapt to it？ Or， should we reverse the change， turning the tide？ I think we should first learn to adapt to buy us more time to make the change.

We should make the change because it is we human beings who incurred the change. The rise of mankind is closely related to the rise of CO2 in the atmosphere. The more industrialized we are， the more fossil fuel we burn. Limiting the burn and lowering the CO2 emission can curb the change， and that has proved to be workable in many highly industrialized cities like London， which were once heavily polluted. Were it not for the century-long effort for a cleaner sky by the British， the most man-made poisonous place would probably be London. The return of the clean sky proves our capability to reclaim the better climate.

However， we need first to adapt to the current climate for it takes a considerable amount of time for us to make the change that we are fully capable of. Rome was not built in a day. Reclaiming the better climate on a global scale takes complex organization and determined execution， and it requires a transnational policy-making body， such as the UN， which is being confronted with enormous political difficulties. Also， the proper technologies to make the change but yet to be developed still ask us to be patient. Although it might seem like being a coward to wait and comply， learning to live with and bear the harsh climate ensures that we outlive the harshness and witness our success.

All in all， it is wise to adapt while set about the reclamation. After all， we the sapient， have survived the last Ice Age.

nlc202309090526

方法解析

一、保持亲切的态度

一篇雅思作文就是考生与考官的一段对话。考官期望看到考生视自己为平等对话的人，而不是计算机。要保证这种和谐的关系，考生在写作时就要力图保持亲切的态度：想象同自己的亲朋好友说话的样子。考生可以从称谓、选词、句型三方面表现出这种态度。

称谓：不怕用“我们”

通常，人称代词you、I、he/she在雅思大作文中不建议使用，但是we却可以，因为它能瞬间拉近考生与考官的距离。上述例文中出现的we暗示考生和考官命运是相连的，这在一定程度上增加了文章的亲切感。这也是美国大选演讲中常用的伎俩。相反，主语是物、语态为被动的句子往往会显得冰冷无情，比如“The change should be made”。当然，考生若要谈论常识问题，口吻需要非常客观时，最好不要用we，否则就会显得过于自大，有未经允许代表他人之嫌。

选词：措辞要简单

简单措辞指能用短词就不用长词，能用change就不用fluctuation，能用burn就不用consume。这些短词大部分是英语中最常用、最基本的单词，对于native speakers就像家乡话一样亲切。对考生来说，短词在高中阶段基本都学过，它们的搭配相对随意，意思内涵广泛，怎么用也不会错到哪里去。短词的缺点就是略显low，观点好的话又有些屈尊将贵，全看考生能不能用稍正式的句法hold住了。

句型：要从简入繁

简单句的句子成分简单，主要是主、谓、宾，通常句子较短。复杂句的句子成分除了主、谓、宾，还会有定语（形容词和定语从句）、状语（何时、何地、何原因）等，通常较长。简单句适合跟考官建立关系，留下亲切的印象，例如例文中的第一句“It’s getting hotter”就是用来“拉关系”的。复杂的句型则是用来彰显自己的实力的，例如例文第二句“The change of climate is an undeniable fact， and it has a not-quite-pleasant effect on our life”。如果考生一开始就显山露水，未免显得唐突，不如一步步地将考官带入你的论证，在考官彻底信任你之后（主体段落过半时）再开始尽情表现，这样考官也不会被开篇、开段超长的学术套话吓到。

复杂句不是不推荐使用，而是要在逻辑的推动下使用。要知道，频繁的转述（比如it is known to us all that）和厚重的定语修饰（which、that）可是典型的高规格英语行文。在例文里，这样的高规格句型直到第三段才开始出现。第三段是文章的深处，前两段的推理步步为营，雪球越滚越大，到了第三段有必要来个前情提要。把之前的观点总结出来，再连接上本段的观点，考生就可以运用一些复杂的句型了：比如“we are fully capable of”是为了重复第二段的内容（capability to reclaim），有承接的作用；之后的which引导的非限制性从句是为了精炼地举一个实例，避免段落超字数。Complex organization、determined execution、enormous political difficulties本身就是大词配搭，它们的出现正好呼应了改善气候的复杂程度。总之，大词长句要在“情到深处”时用才妙。

二、表述要醒豁

醒豁指用简单的语言把意思表达得清楚，读后让人豁然开朗。考生可以在整篇文章的层面、段落层面、句子层面和词汇层面达到这种醒豁的效果。

篇章层面：写好文章主题句

文章的主题句通常出现在文章第一段，它可以最快地给读者提供所需信息。为了减少读者的阅读压力，作者可以在三四个简单句后就推出主旨，为的就是方便读者了解全文大意。这种方法考生在写雅思大作文时可以借鉴。

此外，文章主题句还需要包含各主体段的主题词组。主题词组是每一段凝练的结果：make the change概括了第二段，buy the time概括了第三段。诚然，这种凝练的过程比较烧脑，但写作何尝不是一种思维训练呢？也有人在这句只交代了态度（同意或不同意），却没有交代持这种态度的原因，这就是在给考官添麻烦：考官想要迅速知道考生为什么同意，就必须得细读文章。考生是在给考官写文章看，最好不要增加其阅读压力。

段落层面：写好段落主题句

段落主题句是概括全段的句子。想要对读你文章的人表示出友好，考生最好在第一句就交代清楚这段的内容，方便考官预测你的思路，检测你的语言。换言之，要用旧语言（错误率少的语言）说新内容，用新语言（可能会出错但不得不说的语言）说旧内容。用新语言说新内容容易冒险，所以段落主题句就是用最简单的语言预告该段内容。考官明白你将要说什么的时候，就会继续检测段落中的语言是否提供了合适的论证：询证（主题句背后的原因）、例证（最具象的实例）、反证（若不是这样后果会怎样）。起码，就算语言有纰漏，考官也明白你要说什么。要知道最可怕的错误是不知所云！

段落主题句必须包含三个元素：what、how、why，对应中文写作中的论题、论点、论据。我们常见的错误是why的缺失。如果考生把what和how简化为A=B，那么why则是这个公式的原因，而上段提到的询证又是这个公式的原因的原因：可见我们回答了两个“为什么”，形成了一个因果链，这样可以显示出考生的深度。例如，“We should make the change”是A=B，“because it is we human beings who incurred the change”是公式的原因，“The rise of mankind is closely related to the rise of CO2 in the atmosphere”和“The more industrialized we are， the more fossil fuel we burn”是上述原因的原因。再例如，“we need first to adapt to the current climate”是公式，“for it takes a considerable amount of time for us to make the change that we are fully capable of”是原因，“Rome was not built in a day”是原因的原因。想要写出彰显深度的因果链，考生就必须在主题句写出“为什么”。

nlc202309090526

主题句必须包含“为什么”的另一个原因是它可以缩小、控制全段的话题范围。限定越多，范围越小。而一个好的段落最好保持在100～120字之间。主题句若是限定不好很容易跑题，第二句再限定又略显琐碎，辜负了考官想要一句话看懂一段的期待。

段落层面：写好段落结尾句

段落结尾句是用来给读者加深印象的。它不必像段落主题句那样严格，但也要有语不惊人死不休的气概和余音绕梁的效果。读者在进入下一段、离开前一段的时候都会下意识对这段做一个评判：这段写完没有？有没有跑题？到底表达的是什么？例如，例文第二段的capability与其第一句的should make the change呼应，第三段的live with and bear与其第一句的time呼应。如果段落中考生的论证写得好，那么结尾句可以锦上添花，不好的话也可以亡羊补牢。

句子层面：在最后一句升华

最后一段的最后一句需要有“别有洞天”的意味。如果按照“总—分”结构写，考官到了最后一段已经不期望读到任何新信息了，只期望考生不要跑题。平庸的结尾段就是个巴掌大的句号——到此为止。但若是能用一句话打开一扇天窗，指引考官进入更高层次的思考，这将有利于考官给出较高的分数。曾有个笑话：最好的结尾就是把最后一段删去三行，故意留下余音绕梁的效果。考生要做的是暗示考官：我思考了很多，只是时间有限，没写出来。上述例文最后一句提到了最后一次冰河时代，想必读到此处你脑海里会浮现那部同名电影的故事情节，会浮现所有的相关知识，会思考人既然度过了冰河时代，为何不能度过当前的气候变化。例文最后一句中，we的同位语the sapient暗示人之所以是人是因为我们有理性、科学的工具，照应之前第一段的make the change和第二段的capability，将全文再次贯穿起来。然而，考生不能也没必要把引发的思考内容全部写出来，因为引发考官去想要比平白的叙述更具说服力。

句子层面：“行句”要娓娓道来

行句即用长短合适的句子不紧不慢地向读者交代信息。合适长度的句子通常包含旧信息（什么）、新信息（怎么样），有时再搭配一个修饰语（定语、状语），可新可旧。要做到娓娓道来，考生不能每一句都是新信息，这样会令考官应接不暇。好的句子需要前一半旧、后一半新。这样“旧—新—旧—新”地延续下去，可以将考官的阅读压力降到最低。例如，例文第一段第二句的change of climate连接第一句hotter，第三句的it连接第二句的fact，第四、五句的change连接第二句的change。看似是简单句间的来回重复，实际上已完成了首段的使命。

词汇层面：慎用修饰语

修饰语指定语（类似形容词）和状语（类似副词），这些用得太多会让文章的次要信息过多，会让考官看得眼花缭乱。大部分情况下，考生用名词和动词表达主要信息，形容词和副词表达次要信息。例如“We have succeeded in reclaiming the clean sky”的重点在succeeded，而“We have successfully reclaimed the clean sky”重点就在reclaimed，successfully只是一个可有可无的信息。再如“that has proved to be widely workable in many highly industrialized cities like London”中的widely虽然炫但还是多余，因为之后有many。追求极简，考生只留下不得不交代的信息。例文第一段里的undeniable和not-quite-pleasant无法省略，否则原句意思就发生了变化。

词汇层面：不怕重复关键词

适当的关键词重复可以给考官留下深刻印象。英文书面语讲究同义反复，为了追求词藻华丽，一篇文章中可能用几个同义词或近义词相互替换，雅思阅读的许多考点就落在这个同义反复的理解能力上。例如，用societies替换countries，neighborhood替换communities，例文中的reverse、reclaim可以算是近义替换。然而，也有些词笔者不建议考生频繁替换，比如文章的关键词。Change是上述例文的关键词，它既表示努力（make the change），也表示气候变化（the change of climate）。由于change是英语中的基本词汇，搭配灵活，文章里多次出现并不会单调，同时还能保证行文切题。

诚然，极简并不简单。例文所用的词汇和语法结构固然常见，但用俗话说出不俗的话是需要一定时间的思维训练的。然而，当考生的作文由于假学术风被考官故意低判时，脱俗的极简风何尝不是另一种对策呢？