大学英语四级真题考试

大学英语四级真题考试（8篇）

1.大学英语四级真题考试 篇一

2016年大学英语三级考试真题-英语三级考试A级及答案

Part II Structure(15 minutes)第二部分结构（15分钟）

Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences.It consists of 2 sections.方向：这部分是测试你的语法正确的句子的能力建设。它由2个部分组成。

Section A 第1课时

Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences.You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.方向：在这一节，有10个不完整的句子。您需要完成每一个决定的最适当的词或词的4个选择标记为A，B），C和D）。这个你应该在答题纸上用中间一行标出相应的字母。

16.We must find a way to cut prices ________ reducing our profits too much.A)without

B)despite

C)with

D)for 16。我们必须找到一个方法来降低价格________减少我们的利润太多。a)没有b）尽管c）与d）

17.She didn’t know ________ to express her ideas in English clearly in public.A)which

B)why

C)what

D)how 17。她不知道________表达自己的想法用英语清楚的公共。A）B）为什么C）什么D）如何

18.________ the weather improves, we will suffer a huge loss in the tourist industry.A)As

B)Since

C)While

D)Unless 18。________天气好转，我们会在旅游业的巨大损失。a）作为b）由于c）d，除非

19.We are happy at the good news ________ Mr.Black has been awarded the Best Manager.A)that

B)which

C)what

D)whether 19。我们很高兴听到这个好消息，________布莱克先生被授予“最佳经理。A），B），C）D）是什么

20.It is important that we ________ the task ahead of time.A)will fish

B)finished

C)finish

D)shall finish 20。我们________任务的时间是很重要的。一）将鱼B）C）D）应完成完成完成 21.Would you please pass me the book ________ cover is black?

A)which

B)whose

C)that

D)its 21。请你把我的书________封面是黑色的吗？a）哪一个B)谁的C）那个，那D）(it的所有格形式)它的

22.________ in the company for three years, Mark has become experienced in business negotiations.A)Having worked

B)Have been working

C)Have worked

D)Worked 22。三年来，在公司________，马克已成为商务谈判经验。A）工作过B）一直在工作。

23.Not until she arrived at the meeting room ________ she had forgotten to bring the document.A)she realized

B)did she realize

C)she did realize

D)does she realize 23。直到她到达会议室________她忘了带文件。她意识到）她意识到她意识到了）她意识到了吗？

24.John had never been abroad before, ________ he found the business trip very exciting.A)because

B)though

C)so

D)while 24。约翰从未去过国外，________他发现商务旅行非常激动人心。a）因为B）虽然c）所以d）

25.________ some students are able to find employment after graduation, others will have to return to school and earn an advanced degree.A)Since

B)While

C)Because

D)If 25。毕业后________一些学生能找到工作，其他人会重返学校，获得高等学位。一）由于B），C），D）如果

Section B

Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements here.You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets.Write the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.B节方向：这里有10个不完整的陈述。你应该用括号里给出的词的适当形式填空。把单词或单词写在相应的空格上。他的答案纸上。

26.Employees are not allowed(make)________ personal phone calls in the office.26。员工不可以（使）________私人电话在办公室。

27.The shop assistant priced the goods before(put)________ them on the shelf.27。店员价格的货物前（放）________在架子上。

28.The purpose of new technology is to make life(easy)________, not to make it more difficult.28。新技术的目的是使生活________（容易），而不是使它更难。

29.The proposal about the annual sales(discuss)________ at the next board meeting.29。对销售方案（讨论）在下一次董事会会议________。

30.Since we work in different sections of the company, we see each other only(occasional)________.30。因为我们在公司的不同部门工作，对方只看到我们（偶尔）________。

31.Some domestic manufacturers are busy increasing production, losing the chance to develop more(advance)________ technology.31。国内的一些厂商正忙着增加生产，失去发展的机会更多________技术（提前）

32.I shall appreciate your effort in(correct)________ this error in my bank account as soon as possible.32。感谢你在我（正确的）________这个错误在我的银行帐户尽快。

33.If your neighbors are too noisy, then you have a good reason to make your(complain)________.33。如果你的邻居太吵了，然后你有一个很好的理由让你________（抱怨）。

34.30 percent of the students who(interview)________ yesterday believe they should continue with their education until they have a university degree.34。30%的学生（采访）________昨天认为他们应该继续他们的教育，直到他们有一个大学学位。

35.Measures should be taken to avoid the negative effect(bring)________ about by unfair competition.35。应采取措施避免负面影响（带来）________关于不正当竞争。答案：16-20:ADDAC

21-25:BABCB

26.to make 27.putting 28.easier

29.will be discussed / is to be discussed / should be discussed

30.occasionally 31.advanced 32.correcting

33.complaint 34.were interviewed 35.brought Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)第三部分阅读理解（40分钟）

Directions: This part is to test your reading ability.There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill.You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.指导：这部分是测试你的阅读能力。有5个任务要你去完成。你应该仔细阅读阅读材料并完成任务。当你被指示时。

Task 1 任务1

Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40.For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C)and D).You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.方向：读完下面这一段，你会发现5个问题或未完成的语句，编号为36到40。对于每一个问题或陈述，有4个选择标记A，B，C）和D）。你应该做出正确的选择，并在答题纸上用中间一行标出相应的字母。

Google, the Internet search-engine company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollars in money and investments to help the poor.The company says the effort involves using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives.互联网搜索引擎公司谷歌宣布将提供超过二千五百万美元的资金和投资来帮助穷人。该公司说，这项工作涉及使用P信息和技术来帮助人们改善他们的生活的力量。

Aleem Walji works for Google.org--the part of the company that gives money to good causes.He said the company’s first project will help identify where Aleem Walji的作品为Google.org，给钱的好公司的部分原因。他说，该公司的第一个项目将有助于确定在哪里。

infectious(传染性的)diseases are developing.In Southeast Asia and Africa, for example, Google.org will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats.传染性疾病（传染性的）。在南洋和非洲，例如，该公司将与合作伙伴一起加强早期预警系统并采取行动对付日益严重的健康威胁aats[医][=American Association for Thoracic Surgery]美国胸外科协会

Google.org’s second project will invest in ways to help small and medium-sized businesses grow.Walji says microfinance(小额信贷)is generally small, short-term loans that create few jobs.Instead, he says Google.org wants to develop ways to bring investors and business owners together to create jobs and improve economic growth.谷歌的第二个项目将投资于帮助中小企业成长的方法。Walji说，小额信贷（小额信贷）一般较小，短期贷款，创造的就业机会较少。相反，他却YS Google.org希望发展使投资者和企业家一起创造就业机会、促进经济增长的途径。

Google.org will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year.One of these programs studies ways to make renewable(再生的)energy less costly than coal-based energy.The other is examining the efforts being made to increase the use of electric cars.Google.org也将提供资金帮助今年早些时候宣布的两个气候变化项目。一个是研究如何使可再生能源（再生的）成本低于煤基能源。T他正在审查为增加电动汽车的使用所作的努力。

The creators of Google have promised to give Google.org about one percent of company profits and one percent of its total stock value every year.Aleem Walji says this amount may increase in the future.谷歌的创始人已经答应给的公司利润和每年的股票总价值百分之一百分之一谷歌。Aleem Walji说，这个数量可能在未来增加[医]屈光正常； 正视眼； 眼； 实验者； 能量

36.The purpose of Google’s investments is to ________.A)help poor people

B)develop new technology

C)expand its own business

D)increase the power of information 36。谷歌投资的目的是________。a）帮助穷人b)开发新技术c）扩大自己的业务d）增加信息的力量

37.According to Aleem Walji, the company’s first project is to ________.A)set up a new system to warn people of infectious diseases

B)find out where infectious diseases develop

C)identify the causes of infectious diseases

D)cure patients of infectious diseases 37。据Aleem Walji说，该公司的第一个项目是________。一）建立一个新的系统来警告人们传染病B）找出传染病开发C）找出原因传染病d）治愈传染病患者

38.What kind of businesses will benefit from Google.org’s second project?

A)large enterprises

B)cross-national companies

C)foreign-funded corporations

D)small and medium-sized businesses 38。什么样的企业将受益于谷歌的第二个项目？a）大型企业B（跨国公司C）外商投资企业D）中小企业

39.From the fourth paragraph, we learn that Google’s money is also invested to help ________.A)start more research programs

B)make more advanced electric cars

C)develop renewable and coal-based energy

D)conduct studies related to climate changes 39。从第四段，我们了解到，谷歌的资金投入也是帮助________。A）开始更多的研究计划B）制造更先进的电动汽车C）发展可再生能源和煤基能源D）能源与气候变化有关的行为的研究

40.From the last paragraph we learn that the investments by Google.org come from ________.A)Google’s profits and stock value

B)some international IT companies

C)the company’s own interests

D)local commercial banks 40。从最后一段我们知道，Google.org的投资来自________。一）谷歌的利润和股票价值B）一些国际IT公司C）公司自身利益D）禄商业银行等

Task 2 任务二

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1.The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45.方向：此任务与任务1相同。5个问题或未完成的语句编号为41到45。

Your boss holds your future prospects in his hands.Some bosses are hard to get along with.Some have excellent qualifications but no idea when it comes to dealing with people.Of course, not all bosses are like that.你的老板认为你的前途掌握在手中。有些老板很难相处。一些优秀的资格，但却不会与人打交道。当然，并不是所有的老板ES是这样的。

The relationship you have with your boss can be a major factor in determining your rise up the career ladder.Your boss is not only your leader, he is also the person best equipped to help you do the job you are paid to do.He can inform you of company direction that may affect your professional development.你和老板的关系可能是决定你晋升职业生涯的一个主要因素。你的老板不仅是你的领导，而且是最有能力帮助你完成工作的人。你的工作是做支付。他能告诉你公司的方向，会影响你的职业发展。

Your boss also needs you to perform at your best in order to accomplish his objectives.He needs your feedback in order to provide realistic and useful reports to upper management.But how does this help you establish a meaningful working relationship with your boss? 你的老板也需要你尽最大努力去完成他的目标。他需要您的反馈，以便向高层管理层提供切合实际和有用的报告。但这是怎么做到的？帮助你与你的上司建立一个有意义的工作关系？

The key is communication.Learn and understand his goals and priorities(优先的事).Observe and understand your boss’s work style.If he has not been clear with his expectations, ask!Likewise, ask for feedback and accept criticism gracefully.And if he understands that you do not view your job as just something to fill the hours between 9 and 5, he may be more likely to help you.关键是沟通。学习和了解他的目标和优先事项（优先的事）。观察并理解上司的工作风格。如果他不清楚自己的期望，问！同样，索取铁反馈和接受批评的优雅。如果他明白你不认为你的工作只是为了填补9至5之间的时间，他可能会更愿意帮助你。

In short, getting along with your boss requires getting to know his likes and dislikes and learning to work with his personality and management style.总之，与你的老板相处需要了解他的好恶，学会与他的个性和管理风格一起工作。

41.The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________.A)bosses are hard to deal with

B)bosses have good character

C)bosses determine your career future

D)bosses must have similar personality 41。第一段的主要意思是，________。a）老板是很难对付的老板人品好的B）老板性格好C）的老板决定你的职业前途D）老板必须有相似的个性

42.In the second paragraph, “rise up the career ladder”(Line 2)means ________.A)going to work abroad

B)changing jobs frequently

C)being promoted in position

D)pursuing an advanced degree 42。在第二段，“起来的职业阶梯”（2行）意味着________。A）到国外工作（b）频繁更换工作c（职位晋升d）攻读高级学位。

43.In order to achieve his objectives, your boss expects that you will ________.A)do your best in your work

B)show your management skills

C)get along with your colleagues

D)write reports to upper management 43。为了实现自己的目标，你的老板希望你会________。a）你在工作中做最好的自己）B显示你的管理能力C）与同事相处D）写报告上R管理

44.The most important factor for establishing a good working relationship with the boss is ________.A)high expectations

B)quick feedback

C)frequent criticism

D)effective communication 44。建立与老板的良好工作关系的最重要的因素是________。a高期望b）快速反馈C）频繁批评D有效沟通

45.The best title for the passage might be ________.A)How to Take Care Of Your Boss.B)How to Get Along with Your Boss

C)How to Accept Your Boss’s Criticism

D)How to Accomplish Your Boss’s Objective 45。这篇文章最好的标题可能是________。（a）如何照顾你的老板。B）如何与上司相处C）如何接受上司的批评D）如何完成你的老板的目标客观的 答案：36-40:ABDDA 41-45:CCADB Task 3 任务三

Directions: The following is an announcement.After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it(No.46 to No.50).You should write your answers briefly(in no more than three words)on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.说明如下：公告如下。看完后，你需要完成以下大纲它（46至50号）。你应该简短地写出你的答案（不超过三个字）。在答题纸上相应地写在答题纸上。

We welcome you aboard the Eastern Flight and will do our best to make your trip comfortable and enjoyable.我们欢迎您搭乘东方飞行并将尽力使你的旅途愉快。

For your safety and convenience 为了您的安全和方便

To begin the trip, we would like to draw your attention to some safety-related details.These are also explained on the instruction card in the seat pocket in front of you.Seat belts must remain fastened while the “Fasten seatbelts” sign is on.It is advisable to keep them fastened at all times while seated.All flights are non-smoking.The use of mobile telephones is now allowed when the airplane is on the ground.During the flight the use of CD and DVD players is not allowed.为了开始这次旅行，我们想提请您注意一些与安全有关的细节。这些也解释在您的座位口袋前面的指示卡。安全带必须保持快速。要在“系好安全带”的标志是。最好在就座时随时系好它们。所有航班都禁烟。移动电话的使用现在时允许飞机E在地上。在飞行过程中，不允许使用CD和DVD播放机。

For your entertainment 为您提供娱乐

To help you enjoy your trip, we provide a range of newspapers.On our MD-11 and Boeing aircraft, we provide music and video programs.On Airbus A 321/320/319, short videos are shown.为了帮助您享受旅途，我们提供了一系列的报纸。我们的MD-11和波音飞机，我们提供的音乐和视频节目。在空中客车321/320 / 319，短视频显示。

Meals and drinks 膳食和饮料

During most flights we serve you a tasty meal and drinks.Beer, wine and other drinks are served free of charge.Coffee, tea and juice are served free of charge on all domestic(国内的)flights.On domestic flights leaving before nine and on all flights to Northern China, a snack is served.在大多数航班上，我们为您提供可口的饭菜和饮料。免费供应啤酒、葡萄酒和其他饮料。咖啡是免费的，在国内所有的茶和果汁（国内的）航班。在穹顶TiC航班离开前九和所有在中国北部地区的航班，快餐服务。

Eastern Flight Service

Safety and convenience

1)Seat belts: remain-46-while the “Fasten seatbelts” sign is on

2)Smoking: not allowed on board

3)Mobile phones: used only when the airplane is-47-

4)CD and DVD: not allowed to play-48-东方飞行服务的安全性和便利性1）安全带：保持-46-在“系好安全带”的标志是2）吸烟：不允许对板3）手机：只有飞机在使用47—4）CD和DVD：不允许播放-48—

Entertainment provided

1)newspapers

2)music and-49-on MD-11 and Boeing aircraft

Meals and drinks on board

1)meals served on most flights

2)coffee, tea and juice served free of charge

3)a snack served on all flights to-50-娱乐提供1）报纸2）音乐-49-MD-11和波音飞机餐和饮料上1）在大多数航班2服务餐咖啡、茶和果汁）提供免费3）小吃飞往50航班—

答案：46.fastened 47.on the ground 48.during the flight

49.video programs 50.Northern China

Task 4 任务 4

Directions: The following is a list of terms related to Security.After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to(与…等同)those given in Chinese in the table below.Then you should put the corresponding letters in the brackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered 51 through 55.说明：以下是与安全相关的术语列表。读完之后，你需要找到的物品相当于（与…等同）这些在下面的表中给出。那你应该P在答题纸上括号内对应的字母编号为51到55。

A-----------------air traffic control system 航空交通管制系统

B-----------------armed police [法] 武装警察

C-----------------crime prevention 犯罪预防

D-----------------entry requirement 入境要求

E-----------------international criminal police organization 国际刑警组织

F-----------------level of security 安全防护水平

G-----------------picket line 哨兵线

H-----------------police station 警察局

I-----------------patrolling vehicle 巡逻车

J-----------------safety precaution measure 安全预防措施

K-----------------safety control device 安全控制装置

L-----------------security command center 保安指挥中心

M-----------------security service 国家安全机构

N-----------------security control center 安全控制中心

O-----------------security personnel [法] 治安保卫人员

P-----------------valid documents 有效证明文件

Q-----------------security monitoring and control 安全监测与控制

Examples:(M)保安服务(G)警戒线

51.()空中交通管制系统()安全预防措施

52.()巡逻车()武装警察

53.()国际刑警组织()有效证件

54.()入境要求()安保人员

55.()安全保障级别()安全监控

答案：51.A, J 52.I, B 53.E, P 54.D, O 55.F, Q

Task 5 任务 5

Directions: The following is a business letter.After reading it, you should give brief answers to the 5 questions(No.56 to No.60)that follow.The answers(in no more than 3 words)should be written after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.说明：以下是一封商务信函。看完后，你应该简要回答5个问题（56到60号），遵循。答案（不超过3字）应写在答题纸上对应的数字之后。

Dear Mr.Smith，I am pleased to offer you the position of after-sales manager at our company starting on 16 June, 2009.I propose that the terms of employment will be those in the attached draft individual employment agreement.亲爱的史米斯先生，我很高兴向你提供我们公司从2009 6月16日开始的售后经理职位。我建议雇用条款将在附件的草图入手Idual就业协议。

Please note that you are entitled to discuss this offer and to seek advice on the attached proposed agreement with your family, a union, a lawyer, or someone else you trust.If you want some information on your employment rights, you can also contact the Employment Service Office or visit our website.请注意，你有权讨论这一提议，并向你的家人、工会、律师或其他你信任的人征求建议。如果你想要一些信息关于你的就业权利，你也可以联系就业服务办公室或访问我们的网站。

Also, if you disagree with, or do not understand or wish to clarify anything in this offer, please ring me to discuss any issue you wish to raise.另外，如果你不同意，或不理解或澄清该提供什么，请打电话给我讨论任何问题你想提。

If you are happy with the proposed terms and wish to accept this offer of employment, please sign the duplicate copy of this letter and return it to me by 1 June, 2009.In the event I have not heard from you by that date, this offer will be automatically withdrawn on that date.如果你对所提议的条件满意，并希望接受这份工作，请在这封信的副本上签字，并在2009 6月1日前把它还给我。万一我没有听到F在此日期之前，此报盘将于当日自动撤回。

I look forward to working with you.我期待着与您合作。

Yours sincerely, 你真诚的，John Brown 约翰布朗

56.What job position is offered to Mr.Smith in the letter?

___________________________________________________________.57.From whom may Mr.Smith seek advice about the proposed agreement?

His family, a union, _____________________, or someone else he trusts.58.How can Mr.Smith get information about employment rights?

By contacting the ___________________________ or visiting its website.59.When should Mr.Smith return the signed duplicate copy of this letter?

By _______________________________________________________.60.What will happen if the duplicate copy of the letter is not returned by the deadline?

This offer will be ___________________________________ on that date.答案：56.(The)after-sales manager 57.a lawyer 58.Employment Service Office

59.1 June, 2009 60.(automatically)withdrawn Part IV Translation--English into Chinese(25 minutes)第四部分翻译，英文翻译成中文（25分钟）

Directions: This part, numbered 61 through 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese.After each of the sentences numbered 61 to 64, you will read four choices of suggested translation.You should choose the best translation and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.And for the paragraph numbered 65, write your translation in the corresponding space on the Translation/ Composition Sheet.方向：这部分，编号为61至65，是测试你的能力，把英语翻译成中文。在每个句子的编号为61到64，你会读到四个选择建议的翻译等。你应该选择最好的翻译，并在你的答题纸上标上相应的字母。和段落编号65，写下你的翻译在相应空间的翻译Tion/成分表。

61.If either party wants to renew the contract, it should submit a written notice to the other party three months prior to the expiration of the contract.A)如果任何一方希望撤销合约，必须将撤销的理由在三个月内通知对方。

B)如果合同一方希望重签合同，必须在合同到期三个月内写信通知对方。

C)如果任何一方希望更改合同，必须提前三个月向对方书面提交其理由。

D)如果合同一方希望续签合同，必须在合同期满前三个月书面通知对方。

62.There is no sign that the world economic crisis will lessen in the next few months, although a certain degree of recovery is in sight.A)尽管没有人认为未来几个月内世界经济危机会消失，但是在一定程度上的复苏是肯定的。

B)尽管世界经济复苏的迹象是肯定的，但是未来几个月内经济危机缓和的现象还不很明显。

C)尽管已经显现出一定程度的经济复苏，但没有迹象表明世界经济危机在未来几个月会减缓。

D)尽管没有人承认未来几个月内世界经济危机会触底，但我们肯定会看到世界经济的复苏。

63.Most of the issues concerning personnel managementhave been solved satisfactorily;only a few of secondary importance remain to be discussed.A)多数有关人员管理的问题顺利地解决了, 仅剩下几个问题还需要进行第二次讨论。

B)大多数有关人事管理问题已经得到圆满解决，只剩下几个次要的问题还有待于讨论。

C)很多有关人员配备问题基本上都得到了答复，只有第二个重要问题还未经过讨论。

D)第二个重要问题是有关人员调动的问题，这次已经得到妥善解决，不必再次讨论。

64.Only in this way can Chinese enterprises improve their competitiveness and avoid being defeated by their foreign rivals after China’s entry into the WTO.A)只有这个方法才能帮助中国企业去参加竞争，避免在加入世贸组织后被其外国对手所击败。

B)只有这样中国企业才能提高竞争力，并且在中国加入世贸组织后不会败给它们的外国对手。

C)如果中国企业要想在世贸组织中参加竞争，必须通过这种办法才能击败它们的外国对手。

D)中国企业只有通过这种途径来击败外国的对手，才能表明它们在世贸组织中具备竞争力。

65.Thank you, Mr.Black.It’s a great honor to be appointed as Overseas Sales Manager.To be honest, this promotion came as quite a surprise to me.I’d like to think it’s mainly the contribution of the whole team.I’d like to thank all my colleagues in the company for their support and hard work.Due to their efforts, we’ve started some overseas projects successfully.Looking to the future, I’d still like to maintain contact with everyone, even though I’ll be working at the management level.答案：61-64:DCAB

65:谢谢您，布莱克先生。被任命为海外销售部经理，我感到极大的荣幸。坦白说，这次升迁令我十分意外。我想这主要是整个团队的功劳。我要感谢公司全体同仁们的支持与努力。由于他们的努力，我们海外的一些项目已经顺利的启动了。展望未来，尽管我将在管理层工作，我仍希望与大家保持联系。

2.大学英语四级真题考试 篇二

一、口语考试中出现的问题

在“描述”、“讨论”和“即席回答问题”三个项目测试的过程中，学生暴露出的问题主要可以归结为两类：语言基础方面的问题与语用方面的问题。前者体现在以下几个方面：语法错误较多、连接词单一，大部分是and, but, also, so;词汇不丰富，绝大多数是中学的简单词汇;少数语音语调不准，影响理解。后者表现为：讨论时思路窄，老是那么几句话;逻辑思维不强，连贯性差。但主要问题还是语言基础不扎实，突出表现为语法错误较多。这些语法错误可归纳如下：

1)主谓语不一致，主要表现在主语是第三人称单数时其谓语动词一般现在时形式与主语不一致;

2) there be句型错用，以及there be与have混淆不清;

3)人称代词格混乱、几个代词连用时顺序错误、单复数矛盾等;

4)名词可数与不可数混淆不清(如information, furniture)

;5) maybe与may be、people与person、either与too混淆不清;

6)错用连词though—but, because—so, such as+that clause, like+that clause;

7)词性混乱;

8)句子结构错误。

二、原因分析

1. 母语的影响。

学生用英语进行口头表达时的许多语言错误可以归结为母语的影响，即母语迁移(language transfer)造成的错误(母语迁移：学习者的母语知识影响第二语言习得和应用的过程)(Ellis, 2000:140)，如“though...but...”、“because...so”、第三人称谓语动形式、谓语动词的时态变化、名词单复数及可数与不可数形式、句子结构错误等。中文交流时我们经常用“尽管……但是……”、“因为……所以……”这样的关联词，讲英语时自然就会将其用进来，于是就出现了though...but...，because...so的现象。中文动词词尾没有时态的变化，只是通过副词“已经……了、正在、将”等体现某一动作是否发生、正在发生或将要发生，难怪学生学英语时会犯动词时态方面的错误。中文的名词没有可数与不可数之分，也没有集合名词的概念，学起英语来难免会混淆不清。母语迁移原则有利于学习母语和目的语类似的部分，但对于两种语言不同部分的学习却有很大的干扰性。在教学中，英语教师一定要弄清两种语言的异同，给学生以正确的引导，既可避免走弯路，又可防止因滥用母语迁移原则而造成的难以纠正的错误。

2. 缺乏思维能力训练和培养。

个体思维的发展必须经历三个阶段：“形象思维、逻辑思维和辩证逻辑思维”。“小学阶段以形象思维为主，中学阶段以逻辑思维为主，大学阶段以辩证逻辑思维为主”;但是，“学生思维能力的发展不一定与学历成正比”，“因为思维能力的发展不是自发的，它需要有效的训练和培养”(文秋芳，1999:179—180)。考试过程中考生表现出来的现象：讨论时思路窄，老是那么几句话;个人陈述观点时逻辑思维不强，连贯性差，这些现象反映出学生的英语思维能力与母语思维能力还有一定的差距。因此要求考生用英语进行逻辑强、连贯性好的口头表达，有针对性的训练和培养尤其必要。

3. 缺少扎实的口头训练，尤其是语篇层次的口头训练。

参加口语考试的学生笔试成绩均在良好以上，其语言基础知识应该掌握得比较好，词汇量也不应该小。口试中出现的问题说明他们在英语语言方面的认知、辨别能力较高，但由于缺少足够的输出练习，特别是语篇环境下综合运用语言知识的口头练习，因此在实际口头交际中就会采用目的语规则泛化(over generalization)，即将目的语的某一语法规则套用到错误的场合(胡壮麟等，2000:334)。例如：将名词复数“s”规则用于所有名词。

4. 口试中临场紧张，缺乏应变能力。

大学英语教学在传授英语语言基础知识方面功不可没，但是在语言应用方面还有待于进一步加强。学生平时的口头练习大都停留于句层次上，而语篇层次的语言能力有待于开发、培养。正因为如此，学生在口试时一紧张就不知如何表达，往往是顾了语言的准确性，顾不了表达的连贯性、逻辑性;或者顾了内容，忘了表达形式的正确性，有的甚至很长时间讲不出几句话来，即使讲出来，也不一定切题。自然就出现了词汇简单、思路窄、逻辑思维不强和连贯性差等问题。

三、对大学英语课堂教学的启示

前两类问题尤其是语法错误主要是母语负迁移(negative transfer)或目的语规则泛化所致。这些问题如果未得到及时纠正，就会朝语言石化或僵化(fossilization)发展(语言石化：外语学习者的语言能力尚未达到目的语的水平就停止提高这一现象)(Ellis, 2000:29)。因此对于课堂教学我们应该认识到以下几点。

1. 语言知识要转变成能力，特别是口头表达能力，就要加强语篇环境下综合运用英语的口头练习;教学中不仅要培养学生的语言能力，还应有意识地培养学生的思维能力。

2. 学习英语就是要掌握读、写、听、说四种技能，而这四种技能相互依赖，读和听是写和说的前提，写和说是读和听能力的体现，没有前者就很难有后者，要将前者转换成后者则需要相应的训练。

3. 课堂教学将潜在的语言技能转化为实际的口头表达能力是可能的，这种转换涉及多方面的因素如心理、逻辑思维、交际策略等。教学中教师既要帮助学生打下扎实的语言基础如语法、词汇、遣词造句等，合理运用语言学习策略，如分析母语与目的语的异同，恰当运用母语迁移原则，提高学习效率。当然，教师要引导学生避免滥用母语迁移原则或过度概括原则，及时分析、纠正因此而产生的语言错误，防止语言石化现象。同时还要训练学生的逻辑思维和辩证逻辑思维能力，培养学生健康的心理素质。

摘要：大学英语口语考试既是对大学英语课堂教学效果的检验, 也是对课堂教学的促进。本文根据一些教学实践, 分析大学英语口语考试中出现的问题, 探索解决其中部分问题的办法, 以期促进大学英语课堂教学。

关键词：大学英语口语考试,大学英语课堂教学,出现问题,解决办法

参考文献

[1]Ellis, R.Second Language Acquisition[M].Shanghai:Foreign Languages Education Press, 2000.

[2]大学英语教学大纲[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1999.

[3]大学英语口语考试大纲[M].上海:外语教育出版社, 1999.

[4]胡壮轔, 刘润清等.语言学教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2000.

3.大学英语四级真题考试 篇三

大部分考生对于四、六级阅读部分的选词填空向来“仇恨度爆表”，原因是此题型直指中国学生学习英语的两处软肋：词汇和语法。不过，出现在这一题型选项中的词均为大纲核心词汇，考生必须无条件掌握。下面先看看这次选词填空的选项是否都认识呢？

A. dependent

B. designed

C. fast

D. flying

E. gained

F. give

G. growing

H. launch

I. policy

J. prospect

K. rather

L. reliable

M. signal

N. successful

O. treatments

对于这一题型，考生在解题之前要做的准备工作包括两方面：①标注词性；②读文章首末句。标注词性时，考生只需标注纯名词及副词，因为诸如B （designed）之类的选项无法判断其是形容词用法还是动词的过去式/过去分词的用法。根据这一点，考生预先判断出选项I （policy）、J （prospect）、M （signal）、O （treatments）均为名词；而选项C （fast）、K （rather）为副词。接着考生阅读文章的首末句。由文章首句“Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room”及末句“Many patients also____（35） a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place”可知文章的主要内容为“电子设备对医院的影响”。

准备工作之后，考生开始正式做题。做题步骤可分为三步：第一步，根据空格前后的句法结构判断其应填单词的词性；第二步，进一步判断、确定选项的词性，并做出筛选；第三步，根据空格所在句子的上下文判断空格所在句子的含义，最终确定最佳选项。然而大多数考生都以为这一题型只考查词汇，因此一开始就从选项的含义出发来解题，如此只会走入出题人的陷阱。下面选取三个有代表性的题目予以解析。

例1 But the ____（26） popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become _____（27） on computers throughout the day.

解析：这句话有两个空。就26题而言，考生可按照上述做题步骤来完成。第一步，判断出空格处应填入形容词，用于修饰中心词popularity。第二步，在选项中找出形容词或具有形容词性的词，分别为选项：A （dependent）、C （fast）、L （reliable）、N （successful）；B （designed）、D （flying）、E （gained）、G （growing）。考生首先考虑最合适的形容词，如果不合适再考虑形容词性的词汇。第三步，从空格前后的上下文来看，该句的大意应为“但是电子医疗记录的_____（26）普及已经迫使医院的医生变得……”，考生从形容词选项中似乎找不到合适的答案，于是求助于第二类选项——形容词性选项。经过比较，考生可发现选项G （growing）符合句义，为正确答案。

27题较为简单。考生首先根据空格前的become先判断出此处应填入形容词或形容词性的单词，由此考生从上一题剩余的选项范围中挑选含义相符的选项，结合空格后的介词on，可得出本题的最佳选项为A （dependent）。

例2 Many patients also _____（35） a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.

解析：就本题而言，考生若能根据上下文来答题就可以很快得出答案。第一步，考生根据句子缺少谓语动词这一点判断出空格处应填入动词。第二步，由该句的上文“A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and _____（34） faster …”中的谓语动词found可以得出空格处应填入动词的过去式，因为35题所在的句子仍在讨论上文提到的研究（a study），由此选项范围缩小到两项：B （designed）、E （gained）。第三步，考生根据句义很容易判断出正确答案为选项E （gained）。

从这三道题的解题过程可知，考生通常经过三步即可得出最合适的选项，但具体情况还需要具体对待，某些题目考生可能并不需要完整通过这三步就能解答，或考生不幸遭遇拦路生词，此时应该先解答其他题目，进而缩小该题的答案选择范围。但鉴于选词填空的分值过低（10道题，仅占5%），笔者建议考生将此类题型安排到整场考试的最后进行。

nlc202309081249

段落信息匹配题

2013年12月之后出现的段落信息匹配题的文章一般长达1000词左右，加上十道题目的题干，考生如果按照传统思路去阅读解题会明显感到时间十分紧张，这恰恰反映了出题者的考查要求：根据关键词在文章中快速查找定位的能力。因此考试时考生对待段落信息匹配题的正确方式应该是以定位优先，切忌过度阅读。

今年的三套卷中出现了一篇标题为“Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life”的题目，其和传统的段落信息匹配题的不同在于，文章中使用了大纲式的黑体字小标题：Examine your life、Stop worrying what you cannot control、Seek true pleasure、Do good to others。这些小标题其实将文章的13个段落分成了四个部分，并归纳了每个部分的主要内容。考生如果遇到这种出题方式真是捡了大便宜了，因为这种出题方式相较没有小标题的常规题目来说更容易定位。下面以这篇文章为例，来看段落信息匹配题的正确做题步骤。

第一步，考生应该先读一下总标题“Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life”，目的是迅速把握文章主题，并防止在划题干关键词的过程中过度依赖主题词（即大标题中出现的词汇等）。然后考生再扫读各个小标题，从而判断出全文的主旨是作者根据古希腊人的智慧指导人们如何成为人生赢家。

第二步，考生阅读题干，划出题干的关键词并回原文定位。在划题干关键词的过程中，考生需要秉承“显性关键词和名词优先，谓语结构、特殊形容词、副词等为辅助”的原则，因为此类题型的重点就是快速定位，题干可能对原文进行同义改写，而显性关键词和名词较不容易改写。下面以第36题为例。

36 According to an ancient Greek philosopher， it is impossible for us to understand every aspect of our life.

解析：本题中可以划出philosopher、understand、our life作为回原文定位的关键词，之所以不将Greek作为关键词，是因为Greek属于全文的主题词，不能很好地用于定位。此外，考生在定位之前可以判断一下题干内容与哪个小标题的内容联系最紧密。就本题来说，其题干内容和四个小标题中的第二个“Stop worrying what you cannot control”联系最紧密，因此定位范围立刻缩小到D、E两段，再根据关键词定位，考生便可以轻易地找出D段中与解题相关的原文：“‘The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus，’ he says. ‘And what the Stoics say in general is simply this. There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan.’”由此作答如探囊取物。

需要指出的是，这一题型的十道题中经常会有一道题的关键词几乎全部都是对原文的改写，此时有效关键词过少，考生无法快速定位，因此这样的题目通常较难，目的就是为了考查考生同义替换词汇的掌握水平。由于此类题型会占用大量时间，可留至最后再处理。以这次考试的37题为例。

37 Ancient philosophers saw life in a different light from people of today.

解析：此题的关键词ancient philosopher、life是文章的主题词，无法用于定位，而如果使用different light定位，也无法在文章中找出对应段落，此时考生就应该先跳过此题。实际上，对于这道题，考生可以结合小标题来作答：由于题干内容似乎与上述所有小标题都没有太大关系，因此其对应的原文最有可能出现的位置应该在文章综述的部分，也就是第一个小标题之前的A、B两段。于是根据关键词ancient philosopher、life等词，考生能在B段中找到题干所对应的原文：“The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole， in a way that we tend not to see life today”，由此得出本题的答案为选项B。

仔细阅读题

尽管四、六级考试曾改革多次，但是仔细阅读这一传统题型从来没有变过，这反映了此类题型的重要性和稳定性。不过，考生如果死守着中学常用的通读全文的思路来参加四、六级考试，很容易感觉到答题时间不够用。许多没有经验的考生在阅读部分花的时间过多，导致最后的翻译题只能随便涂上两笔，草草完成。殊不知翻译与作文的分值一样，均为15%。因此，考生在解答仔细阅读时要明确一点，那就是更注重时间的把控，精准定位，理解定位处的上下文，切不可通读全文或过度推断。下面以Passage One的题目为例来讲解仔细阅读的解题步骤和技巧。

第一步，考生迅速扫读题干，由此判断文章的主旨。根据题干中的高频词driverless car和提问内容，考生可得知文章的主旨为无人驾驶车及人类对其的态度。第二步，考生划出题干的关键词。这一步的要求和段落信息匹配题类似，应优先考虑显性关键词和名词，再考虑谓语结构、特殊的形容词和副词。第三步，考生对照定位到的句子和选项，找出最佳答案。下面举例说明。

nlc202309081249

46 What happens when a new technology emerges？

A） It further widens the gap between the old and the young.

B） It often leads to innovations in other related fields.

C） It contributes greatly to the advance of society as a whole.

D） It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.

解析：考生可以划出a new technology作为题干的有效关键词。因为本题为五道题中的第一道，按照依次而下的顺序出题原则，其答案应该在文章的开头。事实上，考生很容易在开头第一句找到该题对应的原文句子：“Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines.”有些考生看不太明白这句话，此时别慌张，读后面一句：“That is， generally， younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.”考生由that is可以发现这句话是对前面那句话的进一步诠释：“年轻人倾向于outnumber老年人在一个技术变革的front end上。”看不懂outnumber和front end？首先，理解干扰词汇outnumber的关键在于理解前缀out-，其表示“在……方面超过”的含义，因此outnumber意为 “在数量上超过”。其次，理解front end的关键是理解end，end除了表示“尽头，结束”，还可以表示“末端”，因此front end是“前沿”的意思。由此考生可以判断出这句话意为：“通常来说，在新技术变革的前沿，年轻人的数量倾向于超过老年人。”再由此考生可以理解定位到的第一句，即“对待新技术的态度通常呈现世代的区别。”此时对照选项，考生可以轻易看出答案应该在选项A和D当中选，因为这两个选项都提到了年轻人和老年人。到底该选哪个选项呢？这时考生就要从题目的说明出发，题目并没有问哪一个对哪一个错，而是说需要选出最佳选项，其特点就是能够与原文的含义一一对应。从定位到的原文句子来看，Attitudes toward new technologies对应的是选项D中的reactions，fall along generational lines对应的是选项D中的第一个different及different age groups，由此考生可以判断出最佳答案为选项D。

4.大学英语四级真题考试 篇四

A 【标准版】

Man and Computer

Ever since the birth of it, the computer has largely changed human being’s life and there has been a hot debate about its effects on humans. Undeniably, computers have taken the place of humans in many areas and it seems that computers begin to think like man, but this does not necessarily lead to the danger that man will think like computers.

The reasons, in my opinion, are as follows. Firstly, when computers release human from repetitive tasks, humans themselves can spend more time on creative works, such as scientific research, which require imagination and cannot be completed by computers. Meanwhile, thanks to computers, humans get more spare time with their friends and family, which enhances their happiness. Moreover, even though computers can work automatically, the premise is that the program, which is written by humans, has been installed in it.

In conclusion, humans, unlike computers, have creative ability, emotional desires and social bounds. Thus, I don’t think that there will be the danger that man will begin to think like the computer.

【高分版】

Man and Computer

It is believed that the computer is bringing the world into a brand new era. At the time the computer was invented, scientists, marveling at its calculating speed, felt that they had created a miracle. Nowadays, the function of the computer is no longer confined to calculation; it permeates people’s daily lives and has become an inseparable part of human society.

People become so heavily dependent on computers that it is hard to imagine the life without computers. Therefore, some people are worried that “The real danger is not that the computer will think like man, but man will think like the computer.” Their concern does make sense. Indeed, some people spend such a long time working on computers that they have few interactions with people in real life. According to a research, too many hours in front of a computer may lead to a poker face and interpersonal isolation. This fact should arouse our attention, because unlike computers, human beings are social creatures that need emotional connections with others.

Yet, it is also unnecessary for us to be overwhelmed by the negative impacts of computers. After all, we humans are intelligent and will be able to figure out better ways to make improvements.

本次六级作文的题目是人与电脑，对“真正的危险不是电脑开始像人一样思考，而是人开始像电脑一样思考。”这句话发表自己的观点。题目不算新，一般考生对此都比较熟悉，所以对考生来说难度不大。写好这篇作文，需要抓住两点，一是紧跟题目要求，即对这句引言做出评论，二是在评论的基础上要亮出自己的观点。

范文第一段首先 陈述电脑自发明以来对人们生活的深刻的影响， 从而为第二段内容的陈述奠定基础。

第二段第一句话先自然地过渡，引出题干中的引言。对引言作出评价：这样的担忧确实不是空穴来风。然后用例子证明现代生活中电脑已经对人们的思维和习惯带来的负面影响。呼吁大家引起重视，因为人毕竟不同于电脑，是有情感需求的。

最后一段是一个转折， 提出对于电脑对人的影响也不用太悲观，因为人毕竟是有智慧、有主观能动性的， 一定会想出改善不足的方法。这样的转折使作者的观点更全面、有说服力。

B【标准版】

On Maintaining Trust

Trust is the most frequently used word when we are talking about interpersonal relationships. However, it is hard to build trust but easy to destroy it. Therefore, how to build and maintain trust is very important for us. In my opinion, some factors play a primary role in it.

First comes honesty. There’s an old saying in Chinese: once bitten, twice shy. Thus, never lie to your partners. If they find out you’re lying or cheating, the existing trust will be broken. Once broken, it’s always hard to rebuild it. Promise-keeping is the second one. If you always break your promise, you will not be trusted by others any more. Another important aspect is attitude. People with good attitude are always welcome. They show their good manners, patience, modesty, willingness to communicate and, most important of all, sincerity to others, which contributes greatly to eliminating apathy and coldness.

There are, still, other influential factors. However, from my perspective, honesty, promise-keeping and good attitude stand out among them.

【高分版】

On maintaining trust

Trust is a key strategy for building effective relationships with the people we come into contact with, including our team members, peers and customers. If you want to have a positive influence over anyone or anything, you need to earn trust first.

As the level of trust develops, however, there will be situations and incidents that shake the foundations that have been built. Therefore, maintain trust is even more important. There are several keys to maintain trust. First is integrity. You need to remain honest and morally upright. The second is stick to your words. If you say you would do something, then do it, otherwise never say it. For once you break your promises, you can hardly reestablish it.

5.大学英语四级真题考试 篇五

文章来源：文都教育

今天是2018年11月17日，大学英语四级口语考试也终于如期而至。口语考试的时候往往是许多考生最为紧张的时刻，不过口语考试并不是什么洪水猛兽，只要稍加练习，做到有话可说，就不会在考场上出现尴尬的场面。为了帮助大家顺利通过四级口语考试，文都四六级英语老师将会为各位考生提供最贴心的口语考试小提示，希望能够对各位同学有所帮助。

本场个人陈述的主题为“帮助他人”，生活中每个人都会遇到需要他人帮助的情况，此时伸以援手不论对自己还是对别人都是有益处的。那么接下来，我们来看一下就“帮助他人”这一主题展开的一些常用的表述：

6.往年英语四级考试真题 篇六

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.

PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1.A)Heavy floods.

B)Safety concerns.

C)Bad economy.

D)Workers’ strikes.

2.A)It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.

B)It provides many job opportunities for French people.

C)It is the biggest concern of the French government.

D)It plays an important role in the nation’s economy.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3.A)To carry out a scientific survey.

B)To establish a new research station.

C)To rescue two sick American workers.

D)To deliver urgent medical supplies.

4.A)The darkness and cold.

B)The heavy snow and fog.

C)The biting winds.

D)The ice all around.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5.A)By tying it to a door handle.

B)By shaking it back and forth.

C)With a remote control craft.

D)With a full-sized helicopter.

6.A)He has lots of fans on Facebook.

B)He has rich experience in flying.

C)He often suffers from toothaches.

D)He has learned to pull teeth from a video.

7.A)Spend more time together.

B)Tell them adventure stories.

C)Do something fun and creative.

D)Play with them in a safe place.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the news report you have just heard.

8.A)To confirm an urgent appointment.

B)To collect a package from the woman.

C)To ask the woman to sign a document.

D)To arrange the delivery of a package.

9.A)She is doing shopping.

B)She is visiting a friend.

C)She is not at home.

D)She is not feeling well.

10.A)He will be off duty the whole day.

B)He will be working somewhere else.

C)He will have to have his car repaired.

D)He will be too busy to spare and time.

11.A)Sign her name.

B)Confirm online.

C)Pay a small fee.

D)Show up in person.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the news report you have just heard.

12.A)Vacation in Italy.

B)Study abroad.

C)Throw a farewell party.

D)Go to a fashion show in Milan.

13.A)Quite sleepy.

B)Very excited.

C)Rather depressed.

D)Nearly exhausted.

14.A)He has to attend a party.

B)He has to meet a friend.

C)He has to make a presentation.

D)He has to finish an assignment.

15.A)Say goodbye to the woman at the airport.

B)Meet the woman at the Black Cat Cafe.

C)Drive the Woman to the airport.

D)Have lunch with the woman.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16.A) It has kept growing over the centuries.

B) Its top is hidden in clouds of volcanic smoke.

C) Its height changes with each volcanic eruption.

D) It has a recorded history of 1500 years.

17.A) They are now a tourist destination.

B) They attract a lot of migrating birds.

C) They provide shelter for the farmers.

D) They make good fields for farming.

18.A) They nest on the volcano’s slopes.

B) They feed on certain small mammals.

C) They compete with each other for food.

D) They match large mammals in strength.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19.A) He is self-employed.

B) He is a career advisor.

C) He studies talent.

D) He owns a magazine.

20.A) Doing what they like best.

B) Loving the work they do.

C) Making no excuses for failures.

D) Following their natural instinct.

21.A) It does not come to anything without hard work.

B) It may prove to be quite different from hard work.

C) It is a natural gift only some special people can possess.

D) It does not come to you until something special happens.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22.A) It is a bit difficult to learn.

B) It was popular in New Zealand.

C) It is a traditional type of ballet.

D) It evolved in the mid-1970s.

23.A) She wanted her to be a ballet dancer.

B) She used to be a ballet dancer herself.

C) She hated to see her idling about.

D) She was too busy to look after her.

24.A) After she started teaching English.

B) Before she left for New Zealand.

C) When she moved to New York city.

D) Once she began to live on her own.

25.A) It has renewed her passion for life.

B) It has made her happy and energetic.

C) It has helped her make new friends.

D) It has enabled her to start a new career.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Ships are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs (暗礁)perfect for scuba diving (水肺式潜泳)and preserving marine 26 Turkish authorities have just sunk something a little different than a ship, and it wouldn’t normally ever touch water, an Airbus A300. The hollowed-out A300 was 27 of everything potentially harmful to the environment and sunk off the Aegean coast today. Not only will the sunken plane 28 the perfect skeleton for artificial reef growth, tut authorities hope this new underwater attraction will bring tourists to the area.

The plane 29 a total length of 54 meters, where experienced scuba divers will 30 be able to venture through the cabin and around the plane’s 31 . Aydin Municipality bought the plane from a private company for just under US$100,000, but they hope to see a return on that 32 through the tourism industry. Tourism throughout Turkey is expected to fall this year as the country has been the 33 of several deadly terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go, this Airbus A300 is the largest 34 sunk aircraft ever.

Taking a trip underwater and 35 the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite an adventure, and that is exactly what Turkish authorities are hoping this attraction will make people think. Drawing in adventure seekers and experienced divers, this new artificial Airbus reef will be a scuba diver’s paradise (天堂).

A)create

B)depressed

C)eventually

D)experiences

E)exploring

F)exterior

G)habitats

H)innovate

I)intentionally

J)investment

K)revealing

L)stretches

M)stripped

N)territory

O)victim

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Make Stuff, Fail, And Learn While You’re At It

A)We’ve always been a hands-on, do-it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of America’s founding fathers, didn’t just invent the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.

B)Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn’t really an exception when it comes to American making and creativity.

C)The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, Which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members — including guys named Jobs and Wozniak — started making and inventing things they couldn’t buy.

D)So it’s no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren’t tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently.

E)These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which is Dewey’s phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn’t look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It’s a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what you’re learning to do.

F)Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American Contcxt, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. It’s not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense, by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It’s very individualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way, then learning by doing doesn’t really fit that mold anymore. It’s not the world of textbooks. It’s not the world of testing.

G)Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learning has grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based learning is not making. Although there is a connection, there is also a distinction. The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether it’s assigned by a teacher. We’ll all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to learn about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project-based learning.

H)I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head — or you just borrow it from someone — and begin to develop it , repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to you and you can share it with others. I’m interested in how these things are expressions of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world.

I)In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize(使变得无足轻重)making. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrating whatever concept was in the textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the cardboard tubes.

J)Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it’s boring. It doesn’t have the motivation of the student. I’m not saying that students should not learn concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to build upon their interest. It’s to let them be in control and to drive the car.

K)Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students to do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isn’t the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other students in the class to help get an answer.

L)The teacher’s role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sounds like this is a diminished rote for teachers. I think it’s a heightened role. You’re ereating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are watching them and really it’s the human behaviors you’re looking at . Are they engaged? A they developing and repeating their project? Are they stumbling (受挫)? Do they need something that they don’t have? Can you help them be aware of where they are?

M)My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it enable us to be good learners. It’s not the knowledge that is valuable, It’s the practice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interesting problems, more challenging problems—problems that require many people instead of one person, and many skills instead of one.

N) If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to be missing in school is how these subjects integrate, how they fit together in any meaningful way. Rather than saying, ‘This is science, over here is history,’ I see schools taking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support children in higher level learning?

O) I feel like this is a shift away form a subject matter-based curriculum to a more experiential curriculum or learning. It’s still in its early stages, but I think it’s shifting around not what kids learn but how they learn.

36.A maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests.

37.The teachers’ role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate during the process.

38.Coming up with an idea of one’s own or improving one from others is key to the concept of making.

39.Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized.

40.America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself.

41.Making will be boring unless students are able to take charge.

42.Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students themselves.

43.The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum.

44.The maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas.

45.Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make something meaningless to them based on textbooks.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls. But it might be time to unlearn that training—this summer, group of culture addicts, artists and community organizers are inviting New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor’s Island.

The project is called Writing On It All, and it’s a participatory writing project and artistic experiment that has happened on Governor’s Island every summer since 2013.

“Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island for other reasons, or they just kind of happen to be there,” Alexandra Chasin, artistic director of Writing On It All,tells Smithsonian.com.

The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by everyone from dancers to domestic workers. Each session has a theme, and participants are given a variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art. This year, the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one that explores the meaning of exile.

Governor’s Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes. Now known as “New York’s shared space for art and play,” the island, which lies between Manhattan and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay, is closed to cars but open to summer tourists who flck for festivals, picnics, adventures, as well as these “legal graffiti(涂鸦)” Sessions.

The notes and art scribbled(涂画) on the walls are an experiment in self-expression. So far, participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85. Though Chasin says the focus of the work is on the activity of writing, rather than the text that ends up getting written, some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her.

“One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls,” says Chasin, explaining that in one room, people wrote down the names of those killed because of it.“People do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages.”

46.What does the project Writing On It All invite people to do?

A) Unlearn their training in drawing.

B) Participate in a state graffiti show.

C) Cover the walls of an old house with graffiti.

D) Exhibit their artistic creations in an old house.

47.What do we learn about the participants in the project?

A) They are just culture addicts.

B) They are graffiti enthusiasts.

C) They are writers and artists.

D) They are mostly passers-by.

48.What did the project participants do during the 2016 season?

A) They were free to scribble on the walls whatever came to their mind.

B) They expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session.

C) They learned the techniques of collaborative writing.

D) They were required to cooperate with other creators.

49.What kind of place is Governor’s Island?

A) It is a historic site that attracts tourists and artists.

B) It is an area now accessible only to tourist vehicles.

C) It is a place in Upper New York Bay formerly used for exiles.

D) It is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year round.

50.What does Chasin say about the project?

A) It just focused on the sufferings of black females.

B) It helped expand the influence of graffiti art.

C) It has started the career of many creative artists.

D) It has created some meaningful artistic works.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound efficient and cost-saving, a recent study reports that they are not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.

The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive(认知的) behavioral therapy(CBT) and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor.

Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.

A team of researchers from the University of Y ork conducted a randomized(随机的) control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药).

After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors.

“It’s an important, cautionary note that we shouldn’t get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists, ” says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. “We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed.”

Being depressed can mean feeling “lost in your own small, negative, dark world,” Dowrick says. Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in combating that sense of isolation. “When you’re emotionally vulnerable, you’re even more in need of a caring human being ,” he says.

51.What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?

A)Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure.

B)Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer.

C)They can save patients trouble visiting physicians.

D)They have been well received by a lot of patients.

52.What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular?

A)Their effectiveness in combating depression.

B)The low efficiency of traditional talk therapy.

C)Their easy and inexpensive access by patients.

D)The recommendation by primary care doctors.

What is the major finding by researchers at the University of York?

Online CBT programs are no more effective than regular care from physicians.

The process of treating depression is often more complicated than anticipated.

The combination of traditional CBT and computerized CBT is most effective.

Depression is a mental condition which is to be treated with extreme caution.

What is Professor Dowrick’s advice concerning online CBT programs?

They should not be neglected in primary care.

Their effectiveness should not be overestimated.

They should be used by strictly following instructions.

Their use should be encouraged by doctors and therapists.

What is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?

A positive state of mind.

Appropriate medication.

Timely encouragement.

Human interaction.

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2 000多年历史。在狮子舞中，两位表演者同披一件狮子服，一个舞动头部，另一个舞动身体和尾巴。他们熟练配合，模仿狮子的各种动作。狮子也是兽中之王，象征幸福和好运，所以人们通常在春节和其他节日期间表演狮子舞。狮子舞也可能出现在其他重要场合，如商店开业和结婚典礼，往往吸引许多人观赏。

7.英语四、六级考试与大学英语教学 篇七

关键词：英语四、六级考试,教学改革,大学英语教学

大学英语四、六级考试既是一项以检查教学工作为目的的考试，又是一项以测量学生语言能力为目标的水平考试。长期以来，人们对四、六级考试的非议不断，改革的呼声越来越大。为适应高等教育新的发展趋势，满足新时期国家对人才培养的需要，教育部适时对四、六级考试进行了改革。教育者要深刻理解新四、六级考试的具体变化，以考试改革为契机，努力推进大学英语教学改革，使考试对教学的正面导向作用得以真正发挥。

一、改革前四、六级考试的弊端

1. 忽视英语应用能力的培养，能力教育演变成应试教育，迫使教学目标错位。

我国大学英语教学的目标是培养英语综合应用能力的人才，而很多院校则以追求英语四、六级高过级率为教学目标，这种行为在很大程度上削弱了《大学英语教学大纲》的指导作用。英语测试本应是为教学服务的，却变成了教学的“指挥棒”。学校和学生为了追求过级率、获得证书，将主要的精力放在了备考上，忽视了专业的学习，诱使课堂教学倒向应试教学。而原有的四、六级考试忽视语言的交际功能，考核内容不能与教学目标相统一，使得教师和学生忙于采取强化记忆和大量题海的方式应试，即使学生最后拿到了四、六级证书，但除了记住了一些语法规则和词汇外，也还是说不出地道的英语，英语水平并未得到真正的提高。

2. 扰乱了正常的教学秩序。

学生被动而消极的学习态度使得大学课堂出现了一种怪现象，即正常安排的英语课上学生拿的不是课本而是各种考级辅导材料;学生普遍有一种急功近利的思想，态度浮躁，认为只要是考过了四、六级就万事大吉了，自己的英语学习也就完成了。为了提高学生的应试技巧，教师通常专门抽出正常教学时间给学生讲解备考方法和分析历年真题，部分高校还在考前一个月内组织全校“模拟考试”，考前一周专门用来强化考试知识等。毫无疑问地讲，这些都扰乱了正常的教学秩序。

3. 导致社会权重过高。

随着考试的社会化和功利化，四、六级考试与学生的毕业、就业和进一步深造等都不合理地挂上了钩。由于过去国家教育部门每年都公布各所高校的四、六级考试通过率，并进行排名，这无形中强化了四、六级的地位，不少高校将四级证书与毕业证书挂钩。而且，四、六级证书也成为了找到一份理想工作的首要条件之一。来自社会的压力挫伤了学生学习英语的积极性，助长了部分学生一味追逐于过四、六级的功利心态，迫使学生不得不在题海中挣扎，却体会不到英语学习的真正价值和乐趣，学生往往通过考试后就过早地结束了大学英语学习。

4. 舞弊违纪现象屡禁不止。

社会的过渡渲染和客观题的易抄袭性使得不少学生为了取得一纸证书，挺而走险;也让不少人看准了商机，从中图利，“泄题”、“代考”、“手机传送答案”、“高价购买答案”等考试作弊花样层出不穷，社会丑相也蔚然成风，原本普普通通的能力测试演变成了金钱、道德、法律的征战，大大削弱了素质教育的可信度。

二、对四、六级考试改革的理解

1. 考试内容的改革。

四级考试改革后，加强了对听和写能力的测试。听力部分由原来的20%提高到了35%，听力对话部分包括短对话和长对话的听力理解，听力短文部分包括选择题型的短文理解和复合式听写，听力口音也呈现英美多元化;阅读理解由原来的40%降到了35%，仔细阅读部分降为25%，增加了快速阅读部分10%;综合部分占15%，包括完形填空或改错和短文回答或翻译;取消了词汇与结构部分。

新的四、六级考试加大了对语言输出能力的考核力度，在测试和教学上都会产生一定的效应，能够更加全面地反映考生的语言能力。改革前，近85%的题为客观选择题，由于受概率效应影响，选择题并不能准确地反映考生的真实水平。改革后的主观题比重增加了近一倍，听、写、译等应用能力的考核能比较全面地反映考生的理解能力和应用能力。而词汇与结构的取消则有助于避免局限于词汇层面的教学现象，防止学生将背单词视为主要学习任务的现象出现。随着考试重心的调整，教学安排也逐步将听、写、译等技能的培养作为重点内容，符合“培养学生综合应用能力，特别是听说能力”的教学目标。

2. 成绩报导方式的改革。

四、六级考试记分制由原来的100分改为了现在的710分计分制，而且不设及格线，成绩报道方式从原来的合格证书变成了现在的成绩报告单，其中包括单项分和总分，并且由四、六级考试委员会向学校提供分数的解释。

新的计分体制拉开了分数的差距，成绩单可以清楚地反映各个考生的英语基础能力，也可以直观地反映教学和学生的薄弱环节，从而有利于做到因材施教，教师和学生根据各项成绩的高低进行重点补习，避免盲目应试，有助于提高教学效率和教学效果。不设及格线的做法是为了避免高校盲目追求通过率的攀比现象恶化，有助于高校科学评估教学，引导大学英语教育良性发展。此外，单项成绩和总分成绩的报道方式有助于用人单位选聘人才，他们将更加准确地根据学生听、说、读、写等需要选择合适的人才。比如，对英语文笔能力要求比较高的岗位，用人单位会更加青睐于语言写作应用能力比较出色的学生，这是以往的四、六级考试证书无法体现的方面。当然，四、六级考试改革后的成绩报道方式是否能够真正发挥它的目标功能，还建立在各高校、学生及用人单位真正意会并付诸于实际教学、学习和招聘工作的基础之上。

3. 考务体制的改革。

改革后的四、六级考试启用了新的报名和考务系统，逐步将考生范围限制在高校，并由教育部高等教育司和考试中心共同管理。新的考务管理系统将有助于建立考生档案，有利于对学生的考试情况进行科学跟踪，实现教学质量的动态综合评估，体现考试真正为教学服务的理念。

三、教考结合，推动大学英语教学改革

新四、六级考试避免了一些弊端，有利于培养学生的英语应用能力。考试只是一种手段，要真正提高学生的英语水平，只能靠教师的辛勤教学和学生的努力学习。面对改革后的新形势，广大英语教师要主动调整教学思路，改进教学方法，提高教学质量，使改革思想融入教学，实现教考结合，努力推动大学英语教学再上新的台阶。

1.重视基础知识掌握，调整教学重点，树立正确的教学目标。

新的四、六级考试取消了语法与词汇的专门测试题型，并不说明语法、词汇对语言学习不重要了，而是将其贯穿整个试卷，体现在语言的具体使用中。如果没有熟练的语法和大量的词汇，考出好的成绩就比较困难，特别是改革后增加了主观题比重，学生不能带侥幸心理连蒙带猜地做题了。因此，在教学中，教师要重视学生对基础知识的掌握，帮助学生进行梳理，打好学生英语听说能力和综合应用能力提高的基础。

四、六级考试改革后，教师应树立正确的教学目标，调整教学重点，重视培养学生的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，同时提高学生阅读和写作能力。教师首先要帮助学生掌握必要的语音知识和基本的语音规则，突出重读、弱读、同化、英美发音差异知识面的讲解，培养学生正确的听力习惯，能够根据已知的语言信息，对未知的信息作出判断。提倡小班制听力课或单班隔周上课，充分利用语音室和多媒体教室，在有限的时间内最大程度地提高学生的听说能力。丰富听力素材和题型，增加一些贴近学生生活和时代特点的材料，增加复合式听写、段落背诵、复述原文、回答问题等主观性强的题型。考试增加快速阅读部分后，要求学生对整个文章的通篇理解能力和纵观全文能力有所提高。所以大学英语的阅读教学要引导学生学会识别不同题材和体裁文章的结构特点，训练学生利用主、副标提示信息，通过略读、寻读、主题句和主题段落阅读等各种技巧获取信息的技能。在教学中，要培养学生良好的写作习惯，建议每周一次，教师集中讲评，指出作文中的错误并逐步引导其改正，对于进步的学生要及时给予表扬和鼓励。

2.树立以学生为中心的教学理念，努力培养学生的学习兴趣。

以往的四、六级考试无形中迫使大学英语教学采取了以语言知识为本的应试教育模式，学生处于被动接受状态，难以掌握实际运用英语语言的能力，严重影响了学习的积极性和主动性。四、六级改革后，应倡导以学生为主体、以教师为主导的教学理念，充分调动师生的积极性，教学中根据学生的个性差异与特点分层次培养听、说、读、写、译能力，发展学生自主学习能力，帮助学生摆脱应试教育的影响。教学讲解应富于启发性，将教学的重点由“教”转移到“学”上，使学生真正成为教学活动的主体，努力培养学生的独立学习能力和学习兴趣，激发他们的求知欲，增强其学习信心和主动学习的积极性。英语教学是一门实践性很强的基础课程，教学中应多安排趣味性、形式多样、内容新颖的练习如演讲、短剧、英语角等来激发学生的学习兴趣，提高语言综合实践能力。

3.优化教学配置，创新教学模式，丰富教学内容。

四、六级考试改革后，单纯的课堂教学已难以满足培养学生英语应用能力提高的全部需要。计算机技术的飞速发展，从硬件设施、软件技术到多媒体及网络的应用，都给英语教学带来了新的方式和有效的途径。计算机和网络技术在缓解英语师资紧缺、营造语言学习环境、实现自主学习等方面能够发挥重要作用。利用多媒体教学这一先进的技术进行自主学习有着不可估量的优势。网络教学以其开放性、交互性和自主性的特点，通过音频、视频、图像等生动的方式将教学内容呈现给学生，使学生能够不受时空限制，并能够充分调动学生的积极性、主动性。因此，学校要完善教学配置，提倡学生通过网络进行自主学习和教师进行传统课堂教学结合的教学模式，利用网络资源丰富教学内容。

参考文献

[1]韩庆.浅谈四、六级改革下的大学英语教学[J].教育创新, 2007, (7) .

[2]金艳.改革中的大学英语四、六级考试[J].中国外语, 2004, (1) .

[3]曲燕.关于大学英语考试的策略探讨[J].黑龙江高教研究, 2006, (7) .

8.大学英语无纸化考试探析 篇八

关键词：大学英语；网络无纸化；考试

中图分类号：G622 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-4117（2012）02-0279-02

一、无纸化考试的内涵

（一）无纸化考试的概念

无纸化考试，是以财政部印发的《从业资格考试大纲》为依据、以优化的题库资源为基础、以现代信息技术为手段，通过随机组卷生成无纸化考试试卷进行考试，并及时生成考试成绩，集考试报名、试卷生成、上机考试、阅卷、成绩生成、合格证（单）打印等为一体的、多元化、新型的从业考试管理模式。

（二）无纸化考试的形式

总体来看，目前无纸化考试主要包括三种形式：

1、单机模式，即每个机子装一套系统及考题，考完收集成绩。

2、C/S模式，即在服务器上装题库，在每台机子上安装客户端程序，登录，抽题，考试，传回服务器成绩。

3、B/S模式，即整个考试系统全装在服务器上，考试端只需打开浏览器（Browse)即可，输入服务器URL即可调出页面登录、抽题、考试、评分、返回成绩等。

（三）无纸化考试的特点

无纸化考试具有提高工作效率、节约考试资源、规范考试管理、方便考生等优势，有效确保了考试的客观公正性和及时性，是国家倡导节约能源的良好体现，也是考试发展的必然趋势。具体考试特点体现为：

1、可操作性和通用性强。无纸化考试系统运行在局域网络环境中。系统包括题库建设模块、考试服务器模块、考生客户端模块和试题抽取模块等主要子系统，实现了网络化、无纸化考核的功能，系统具有很强的可操作性和通用性。

2、组考前期节约成本。无纸化考试一般是实行网上报名、网上考试，报名结束后将考生数据导入考试系统即可实现考试，这种操作，便于大规模的考试，节约了成本。

3、考试相对公平、公正。无纸化考試具有高标准的考试体系，从考前组织到考后评分，都很客观、公正，速度快，没有人工误差。

二、大学英语无纸化考试的好处

随着无纸化考试技术的成熟，大学英语无纸化考试已经不在局限于四六级考试，很多学校在平时的测验中也开始使用无纸化考试，给学生和教师带来了很多便利。

（一）从学生角度讲

1、减少发挥失常的几率。在传统的考试中，学生为了应付考试，常常搞题海战术，弄得身心疲惫，也不能解决一直以来的哑巴英语学习方法。而无纸化考试准备过程中，学生可以借助灵活的教学网络，进行听说读写的练习，还可以有针对性地进行听和说的练习，在熟悉电脑操作的过程中轻松学习英语，另外，无纸化考试也在一定程度上解决了笔试中学生因听力一项不好而影响其他专项考试的弊端。

2、评卷客观公正。传统的笔试，常常因为阅卷老师的笔误或者其他方面的原因，给学生带来不公正的评分，特别是在四六级考试中，由于一分之差而导致学生错失理想学校的事情时有发生。而无纸化考试具有严格的评分系统，所有操作均由计算机执行，客观公正，真正能给学生一分满意的答卷。

3、给学生创造了一个轻松的备考环境。在现代，电脑已经是学生们学习和生活中不可缺少的必备工具，对大学生来说熟悉电脑操作已经不是难事，无纸化考试使学生在备考的过程中就注意充分利用多媒体进行学习，在学习过程中，他们不必担心回答不出问题而被嘲笑，因而情感的焦虑得到释放,学习效率自然得以提高。同时，在感知、想象、理解及应用整个语言习得过程中,学生自主学习能力也会提高。

（二）从组织者及教师角度讲

1、解决了传统笔试的组织难度大、人力、物力、财力投入较多的困难。同时增加了考试的信度和效度，有利于考核教师的教学质量和教学效果。教师可以把自己从传统的大量繁杂的考试工作中解脱出来，把更多的精力放在教学上，提高教学质量。

2、解决了传统笔试中反复出试卷的重复工作，保密效果好。传统的笔试中，教师在每次大学英语考试中都要出2-3套试卷，试卷的可用性还要经过上级主管部门的审批，工作流程相当复杂，保密效果也不好，而无纸化考试，有专门的考试题库，这些考试题库都是经过专家的审核过的，权威性较高，而且这些题库与教材也十分的配套，可以利于教师检查学生学习的掌握程度，同时教师更加有目标和针对性地进行教学。

3、测试面较广。无纸化考试题库中一般涉及的知识面很广，很少有盲点，可以提高测试的效度。同时，也要求教师掌握更多的国内外知识，无论对教师自身能力的提高和丰富教学内容都具有重要的意义。

4、无纸化考试采用网上报名方式，一般会在网上报名页面上告知网上报名具体流程，具备网上申请、图片数据上传、网上审核、在线支付、准考证下载打印等功能。同时，各管理机构也会加强对考生网上报名信息的审核程序，采取现场复核考生身份信息、现场采集考生指纹信息、现场核对考生影像等有效方式核实考生报名信息的真实性，有效杜绝可能发生的舞弊行为。

三、大学英语无纸化考试的弊端

（一）无纸化考试使很多学生又把精力放在听说上，对于写却不太重视，考试中只要能识别英语单词即可，至于会写不会写无法测试，造成很多学生在英语写作上有所下降。另外，无纸化考试要求教师用多媒体授课，教师无法对每个学生进行监管，自觉性差的学生就会找机会去玩游戏或者上网聊天等，影响了教学和学习效果。

（二）无纸化考试对电脑安全性及技术人员要求较高，在大学英语无纸化考试中，经常出现电脑死机、黑屏、无法输入答案、电脑自动重启等现象，使学生情绪受到影响，甚至有的学生中途放弃考试。另外，无纸化考试过程中，学校配备的监考老师必须精通计算机，且这些人员要随时调配，解决学生电脑技术问题，否则就会无法达到理想的效果。特别是在大型的考试中，还要能够做到及时的信息共享和实时对接。

（三）无纸化考试增加了组织者的资金支出。要想确保无纸化考试的顺利进行，组织者无论在硬件还是软件上都要投入一定的资金，这显然要投入一定的资金，然而,对于大部分学校(尤其是欠发达地区的农林院校)而言,在国家教育经费紧张,政府投入严重不足的情况下,学校经费来源主要靠收取学生的学费,但由于历史原因,欠发达地区的院校学生学费标准普遍偏低,负担相对又重(此类学校的校办企业多,在市场经济形势下,大部分企业效益低,学校背负企业的负担,以江西农业大学为例,每年负担校办企业下岗职工的养老保险就上千万),往往连正常的教学资金就难以满足,不可能有很多的资金投入到网络教学资源的建设上来。加之,进行英语网络教学的教师和管理人员的计算机技能培训也需要一定的资金投入,这对欠发达地区的院校来说,无疑是雪上加霜,进一步加重了学校的资金紧张程度。资金问题直接制约着大学英语无纸化考试的开展。

作者单位：玉溪师范学院外语学院

参考文献：

[1]崔建粤.英语试题库管理系统建设[J].当代经理人,2006.

[2]桂诗春.标准化考试——理论、原则与方法[M].广东高等教育出版社,1987.

[3]刘润清.语言测试和它的方法[M].外语教学与研究出版社,2005.

[4]刘梅雷.建立科学的无纸化考试平台[J].长沙通信职业技术技术学院学报,2003.

[5]张尧学.加强实用性英语教学提高大学生英语综合能力[J].中国高等教育,2002(8).

[6]祝智庭.现代教育技术学—走向信息化教育[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2000.