比较经典的英文歌

比较经典的英文歌（精选6篇）

1.比较经典的英文歌 篇一

比较好听的英文经典个性签名

1、Retaining a childish heart is a matter of pride.——童心未泯，是一件值得骄傲的事情。

2、Once all, lost became a joke。曾经的一切，失去了就成了一个玩笑

3、Old people dream on emotions.『旧人旧梦旧情绪』

4、Let the time to speak the truth, though I fear.让时间说真话，虽然我也害怕。

5、Put aside all Facing the misunderstanding to keep cool.抛开所有面对误解保持冷静。

6、Beauty is like a rich stone best plain set.美貌就像是宝石，不用装饰更好。

7、I am I, is not the same as the color of firework s 丶(我就是我，是颜色不一样的烟火)

8、constant dropping wears the stone. 滴水穿石。

9、nothing is impossible for a willing heart.心之所愿，无所不成。

10、If you do not leave, I will in life and death.你若不离不弃，我必生死相依.

11、Ask me no questions and I will tell you no lies.你不问我，我就不会说谎话。

12、I lose, I lose, but I never give up. 我输过,我败过,但我从未放弃过

13、It would be great if I know how to give you up. 【如果我知道怎么舍弃你，那该多好】

14、you are my favorite boy in my heat 【你是我最爱的男孩 在我心中】

15、The sea is not blue, I would not be. 海不会不蓝，我不会不在。

16、Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle.随遇而安。

17、Mad laughter follows the drought of tears. 透支了眼泪，我们便会没心没肺的笑。

18、I believe noting is impossible 我相信没有什么不可能

19、I am not happy without you 没有你我不快乐

20、Afraid to touch the pain of the wound.害怕接触伤口的疼痛.

21、Your every act and every move let me heartache 你的一举一动都让我心疼

22、Walk by faith, not by sight. 往前走，凭着信心，而不是眼睛。

23、- ゛ Can you feel my world 不可控制的小情绪、也许只是种习惯。

24、The past is all gone.Being happy is the top priority. 过去了就过去了，重要的是自己要快乐。

25、You all do not stay, I again why a self-deception again.迩终究没有一句挽留，我又何必再自欺欺人。

26、Bitch do not die a natural death【XX不XX】

27、Listen, I am not fat ok, I am just so sexy that it overflows. 听着!我不胖好吗!我只是性感得流油而已!

28、Wild and intractable woman to win 。(桀骜不驯的女人才能称王)

29、Your future will be I?你的未来会是我吗

30、Nothing can make me feel like you do没有什么能替代你给我的感觉

31、If this is not the end if I still love you 如果这不是结局如果我还爱你。

32、No love paradise： 没有爱的天堂

33、When I call your name, but you are not in.每次想喊你的名字,但你却不在。

34、Nobody could ever replace you. 从来就没有人能代替的了你

35、Love me little, love me long. 爱不贵亲密，而贵长久。

36、There is no remedy for love but to love more. 治疗爱的创伤唯有加倍地去爱。

37、Thank you so far have not one to miss me.感谢至今都没有一个人对我难以割舍 。

38、True love from the heart not the mouth. 真正的爱来自心脏不是口腔

39、One day I will be at the heart proud to tell you things.有天，我会指着心脏 骄傲的告诉你，这里换人了。

40、With a forced laugh，only oneself know how tired .勉强笑着，只有自己知道有多累。

41、Sorry，All the period . 【那一句对不起，全成了句点】

42、Crowded accidentaly across not anymore 人潮拥挤再也不会不期而遇

43、I use the identity of the friends love you so long.我用朋友的身份爱了你这么久。

44、- I am glad I have you。我很欣慰我身边还有你们

45、That is no denying that i love you. 毋庸质疑的是我爱你

46、Will you still love me tomorrow? 到了明天你还爱我吗

47、I am a does not contain any additives lunatic .我是一个不含任何添加剂的疯子。

48、I really love the people that I really hurt . 我真心心疼的人让我真心的疼。

49、Although again sweet candy, also has a bitter day.即使再甜的糖，也有苦的一天。

50、Memories so heavy.How do you move back.[回忆那么重，我怎么背的动.]

51、I am not giving up, I am just staring over.【我没有放弃、我只是从头开始】

52、I pretend I do not care you but still I feel the pain. 我假裝不在乎你，但痛的是我自己。

53、If you cry sad, I laugh rampant!你若哭的凄凉，我定笑的猖狂!

54、At that time I, also sun than now.那时候的我，比现在还阳光。

55、Say bye bye to my love !(对我的爱说再见)

56、want to rely on and you are not.(我想依赖而你却都不在 )

57、Sorry, I do not love you.[对不起，我长不出你爱的模样]

58、Until I discovered your world does not lack. [直到后来我才发现你的世界根本不缺我]

59、- One who betrays me. I will let you die .[背叛我的人我会让你生不如死]

60、The only people you need in your life are the ones that need you in theirs.需要你的人，才是你需要的。

61、I cannot choose the best, The best chooses me.我不能选择那最好的，是那最好的选择了我。

62、[Can I say no one is really] 我可不可以说百无一用是真心

63、Girls do not lose loving you.姑娘别输给爱

64、There is no certainty, only opportunity. 没有一定会怎样，只有可能会怎样。

65、I love seeing old couples that are still in love.我喜欢看那些还在相爱的老头老太太们.

66、Life is so confused.生活好迷茫。

67、I have always been with you. 我一直都在

68、Just gonna stand there and hear me cry 就站在那里听着我哭泣

69、I thought I was me, but I have not.我以为我还是那个我,可我已经不是了

70、Carving time together.曾一起雕刻的时光

71、I need to get away. 我想要逃离。

72、It is not easy to meet each other in such a big orld. —— 世界这么大，能遇见，不容易。

73、I hate lonely but have to enjoy it.我憎恨孤独却又不得不享用它。

74、Time always save the best for last.时间总把最好的人留到最后。

75、The only present love demands is love.爱所祈求的唯一礼物就是爱.

76、Love is not hard to find, trust is. 难找的不是爱，是信任。

77、There is grave There is grave 心里有座坟 葬着未亡人

78、Used to be mine. Now is the others 以前是我的.。现在是别人的

79、I admit to play but the heart 我承认玩不过人心

80、Exhaustion systemic strength, lost love用尽全身的力量,失去了爱

81、We pull hook, happiness always.我们拉勾勾，幸福一直有。

82、Every time a good night, feeling each other is feelings. 每一次晚安，感受着彼此的情感。

83、Never let the reality get in the way of your dreams.别让现实挡住了梦想的去路。

84、We are women,Our choices are never easy.我们是女人，我们的选择从来就不易。

85、The thorough revenge is to forgive and forget. 最彻底的报复，是原谅和遗忘。

86、Ⅱ╮Retain green last a attentive. 保留迩最后的一丝温存。

87、Each person as happiness is to be given their own.每个人的快乐是要自己给的。

88、Distance does not ruin a relationship. Doubts do.毁灭感情的不是距离，而是怀疑。

89、I love you，do you love me?我爱你，你爱我吗?

90、I get by . 我还过得去

91、I Need YouR Love我需要你的爱

92、I love you not just talk 我爱你不只是说说而已

93、as long as I love you.This is my want love丶只要我喜欢你，这样就是我想要的爱

94、Do the most true to yourself, will mee做最真实的自己,才会遇到最该遇见的那个人

95、He is just not that into you 他其实没有那么喜欢你

96、你是我已死去的梦 。[you are my dream of dead]

97、When I am not near the girl I love, I love the girl I near. 得不到我爱的人，我不一定会再等。

98、I love you touched my own.我爱你，感动了我自己。

99、you do not bird me,I do not bird you , too.你不鸟我，我也不鸟你。

100、数学含义 Math mental abuse to humans 数学人脑精神虐待

2.比较经典的英文歌 篇二

《宋元以来俗字谱》是文字学史上第一次直接以“俗字”为名的字汇, 是第一部较系统较大规模地收集近代汉字的, 特别是隶楷成熟阶段的汉字的专书。《宋元以来俗字谱》于1930年由刘复和李家瑞编成、国立中央研究院历史语言研究所出版。该谱序言后谈到该谱是从宋元明清12种民间通俗文学刻本 (2种宋刊、4种元刊、3种明刊、3种清刊) 中收集当时所用俗字 (基本上都是简体字) 编辑而成的。据《中国大百科全书·语言文字》统计共有6240个, 合繁体字1604个, 平均每个繁体字3.9个不同的俗字。因此人们认为这本字汇对于近代汉字的研究有里程碑的作用。刘复在该书自序中说:“这十二种书, 当然未必能将宋元以来所有的俗字完全包括, 但就大体说, 要借此看一看八九百年以来俗字的演进和变化过程, 也就十不离九了。”

一.《盘王歌》的瑶族俗字与《宋元以来俗字谱》的俗字比较

《盘王歌》中的俗字反映了唐宋时期瑶族地区的文字使用情况。《宋元以来俗字谱》的俗字反映了宋元明清时期中原地区的俗字使用情况。两者贮存大量的俗字, 并且两者的时代距离较近, 因此在这一大背景下, 开展两者俗字的对比研究, 对于揭示俗字的使用情况具有重要的意义和价值。

通过对《盘王歌》中的瑶族俗字和《宋元以来俗字谱》的俗字比较, 共见于这两种文献的俗字字形有46个。

首先, 从文字书写材料上来说, 《盘王歌》作为一种民间手写体文书, 文字书写的随意性是《盘王歌》中俗字的最大特点。另外, 《盘王歌》的内容主要包括:瑶族先民的自然观、人类起源说、瑶族的产生与迁徙、瑶族的婚恋、瑶族的创业史等, 因此书写迅捷是其最基本的要求, 这也必然要求汉字形体简省。于是, 笔画随意的增省和粘合在《盘王歌》中的瑶族俗字中占有大多数。而《宋元以来俗字谱》是收集宋元明清时期12种书籍里的俗字, 即《古列女传》《大唐三藏取经诗话》《京本通俗小说》《古今杂剧三十种》《全相三国志平话》《朝野新声太平乐府》《娇红记》《薛仁贵跨海征东白袍记》《岳飛破虜東牕记》《目莲记弹词》《金瓶梅奇書前后部》《嶺南逸史》, 因此汉字形体相对于《盘王歌》的用字来说比较规整。因此, 《盘王歌》中因书写变异而形成的大量俗字不见于《宋元以来俗字谱》中也就不足为怪了。

其次, 在46个俗字中, 换用类型的俗字有3个;简省类型的俗字有39个, 其中包括21个构件简化俗字、7个笔画减少俗字、6个整字简化俗字;增繁类型的俗字共有2个, 包括笔画增加俗字和构件繁化俗字;笔画变异类型的俗字有1个;易位类型的俗字只有l个。简省类型的俗字数量最多。尽管《盘王歌》的瑶族俗字和《宋元以来俗字谱》都残缺不全, 不能完整地反映出两个时代的全部的用字面貌, 但是我们从两者所共有的46个俗字形中, 依然可以看出俗字使用的一些规律和特征。

1.简省类型的俗字数量最多。这符合汉字发展的趋势———简化。从甲骨文、金文到篆文, 再到隶书、楷书, 汉字发展的总体方向就是趋简, 这一点是毋庸置疑的。在小篆以前, 甲骨文和金文许多都是“画成其物, 随体话屈”的象形字。到了小篆时期, 对前代的这些文字进行了一定的规范和简化, 文字的象形性进一步的降低, 结构进一步的整齐, 许多笔画不同的写法也趋于统一。再到隶楷时期, 汉字再一次经历了重大的变革, 结构进一步的定型, 形体进一步简化, 形成了现代汉字的基本体系。简化这一原则不仅体现在正字的使用上, 也同样体现在正字的变体——俗字的使用上。汉字为了书写更方便和迅捷, 要求形体不断简化, 以便更好地实现其作为交际工具的职能。构件换用很多是用形体相对简单的构件去替换形体相对复杂的构件。构件简化则是一种局部笔画的调整和合并。构件和笔画数量减少则是一种最直接的汉字形体简化方式。这些俗字产生类型都直接或间接上导致了汉字形体的简化。通过《盘王歌》和《宋元以来俗字谱》所共有的俗字的比较分析, 其中有大部分俗字和正字相比在形体上都存在不同程度的简化。这充分说明了简化字形在汉字使用上的优势地位。这从简化的对立面———繁化也可以得到证明。在46个俗字形中, 《盘王歌》的瑶族俗字形只有2个可以在《宋元以来俗字谱》中找到相对应的繁化俗字。这足以说明简化字形在使用上的优越性地位。

2.构件换用类型的俗字占有重要地位。在《盘王歌》和《宋元以来俗字谱》所共有的46个俗字中, 其中换用类型的俗字有3个, 仅次于简省类型的俗字。这种现象的存在不是偶然的, 而是有着其产生和存在的必然性。笔画、构件和整字是汉字构形体系的三个层面。在这三个层面中, 笔画是汉字的书写元素。而汉字书写受多种因素的影响和制约, 具有很强的不确定性。因此, 笔画在汉字构形中发生变异的偶然性最大。

和笔画的不稳定性相比, 构件在汉字构形的使用中发挥着重要的作用。构件是汉字构形最基本的组成部分。构件换用体现了文字使用者对文字的理解和感知, 是人们的思维方式在汉字形体中的外在表现形式。形近构件和构件类化产生的换用是使用者对不同构件之间的一种视觉认同。而因意义相关或相近而产生的构件换用则是对汉字表意功能的重新感知和理解, 是不同于汉字形近换用的一种更深层次的心理活动和思维方式。因此, 构件换用形成的俗字往往使用范围非常广泛, 并且可以延续很长的使用时间。《盘王歌》反映的是唐宋时期瑶族人民所使用的汉字, 而《宋元以来俗字谱》反映的是宋元明清时期中原地区的用字情况。两者不同地域但书写材质相同的文字, 构件换用依然在俗字中存在, 说明了这一俗字类型具有强大的生命力。

最后, 从《盘王歌》和《宋元以来俗字谱》可以看出, 俗字的产生是汉字发展演变中结构进一步发展的需要。汉字由甲骨文、金文发展为隶书、楷书的这一演变过程中, 汉字中的表意字在逐渐减少, 而形声字在逐渐增多。形声字一般由意符和声符两个部分组成, 因此形声字产生的主要途径就是在原有文字的基础上加注声符或者意符, 使原有的表意字变成形声字。在探讨两者俗字的过程中, 《盘王歌》中的有些文字依旧沿用着正字, 而与此相反《宋元以来俗字谱》中的文字却产生了另一种变体———俗体, 这一点以上表格中有所显示。

参考文献

[1]唐兰《.中国文字学》[M].上海古籍出版社.1949.

[2]孔仲温《.玉篇俗字研究》[M].台湾学生书局.2000.

[3]张涌泉《.汉语俗字从考》[M].中华书局.2001.

[4]裘锡圭《.文字学概要》[M].商务印书馆.2007.

3.向女生表白的英文歌 篇三

这首歌算是王力宏永远的经典。愿每个人找到属于你的唯一。

第2页：周杰伦 《简单爱》

周杰伦刚出道时候的歌曲，MV里展现的那个年代青涩的周董。

第3页：庾澄庆 《情非得已》

听到这首歌就很容易让人想到《流星花园》，拿着扫帚当吉它的镜头很经典。

第4页：蔡F佑 《我可以》

风格很清新的歌，第一次听会以为是陶闯的。

第5页：许嵩 《你若成风》

一首很轻快的歌曲，音乐才子许嵩。

第6页：陶 《爱很简单》

婉转动听，最令人感动。

第7页：曹格 《数到五答应我》

曹格，马来西亚一位华语流行与创作歌手。祖籍广东，首张专辑以《Superwoman》与《世界唯一的你》受到华语歌坛瞩目。

第8页：王菲 《我愿意》

来自天后王菲的经典。

4.全球最好听的英文歌排行 篇四

1.don‘t cry–guns n‘ roses这首歌曾唱哭了千万人。总是能够触痛了心底最软的地方，心抽痛着,眼圈红了，却没有眼泪渗出，每多听一次就多一次的依恋…

2.fade to black–ＭＥＴＡllic金属乐队也有很经典歌曲,相信国内有好多人都是听了这首歌的前奏才去学吉他的!ＭＥＴＡLLICA经典中的经典,也是ＭＥＴＡLLICA饱受争议的作品,因为当时有乐迷自杀就是出于这首歌，胆小别听哦~

3.dreaming my dream–cranberries有着王菲一样变幻倚俪的唱腔，高雅离开了原本浩渺的苍穹来到人间，它带着冷漠的美艳，但又说着人身上的变动和永恒，爱 尔兰的卡百利乐队就这样汲取了精灵与传说的浩渺气质，沟通了人间和天空的美，把人的故事，爱情，历史，死亡，社会都融进那飘忽而真切的女声中…(卡百利，本是蔓声浆果的藤蔓)

4.dying in the sun–cranberries不断地重复着放这首歌,简短迂回的旋律,简短迂回的歌词。平躺在这样的歌里,晕乎乎的,渴望在阳光下睡死…

5.never grow old–cranberries 时间过得好快...不由得想起了这支歌...6.far away from home–groove coverage德国新晋乐队,这首歌已被众多知名DJ誉为当今舞曲最为精华的传世之作，听了不下几百遍了，旋律好的很，女声好的很…

7.knocking on heaven‘s door–guns n‘ roses(―野蛮师姐‖主题曲)艾薇儿翻唱的和枪花版的都给人一种爽歪的感觉，当然女生版的更加恬静，睡觉之前是要听的奥。

8.imagine–john lennon约翰列侬是全世界最成功的摇滚乐队―甲壳虫‖（或叫披头士）(beatles)的灵魂人物，死于1980年12月8日，是被一名狂热的歌 迷****打死的，他的死震惊了世界，他在六十年代吸毒，目无宗教和governme-nt，在七十年代致力研究东方宗教和宣扬童话般的爱(有一颗小星星 是以他的名字命名的)，这声音听来象预言者的祈祷，而歌词依然是固执的理想，或许列侬所要求的泰国绝对，太过纯洁，但作为梦，难道你就不曾有过吗？

9.yesterday–beatles这么经典的还说什么呢，电台点播率已经超过一亿次了，没听过的太逊了。

10.let it be–beatles昔日创下了榜史纪录,也是Beatles解散时成员们的心态写照。有时候生命的意义在于过程,至于结果就让它Let it be…

11.it‘s my life–bon jovi曾用来做CS的MTV背景音乐。

12.that‘s why(you go away)–meachael learns to rock第一次听到了that‘s why(you

go away)的钢琴版感觉很好,这样听起来That‘s why就更经典了!(放的声音越大越有感觉哦)

13.you can‘t say(韩剧‖爱上女主播‖主题曲)相信大家对这首歌不会感到陌生了，每当旋律一起就能体会其中的柔情…

14.yesterday yes a day 温柔醇厚的声音,静静地用心体会,很舒服的21岁的挪威女孩marlin,自己写歌自己唱,一首充满浪漫气息的法国歌曲,就像爱人在你耳 边轻轻呢喃,超好听的…

15.heal the world–meachael kjackson他是疯狂热爱和不羁职责的承受者，年轻的巨富，心理怪异而各声纯洁的奇人，他富于创造，不向任何一个流派*拢，虽然,杰克逊现在的形象不 好,但他曾经为世界的慈善事业作了很大的贡献,这首歌也正是他心意的表现吧…最起码他在音乐方面的高度是谁都无法否认的。

16.the girl is mine–meachael jackson.纯洁的仿佛童话，干净的让人不敢呼吸…

17.delicious way–仓木麻衣，日本人。听到这么纯洁的歌曲感觉到音乐真的是没有国界的...18.under the sea小美人鱼(the little mermaid)插曲,可总感觉张邵晗唱的更有活力。再听听原唱的，就知道东西方文化的差异在哪里了。

19.fighter–Christina 厚重有力的嗓音穿透着我的耳膜,装饰着闪亮碎钻的眼眸冲击着我们的视网膜…希望有一天,能够成为那个fighter… 蛮有爆发力的一首歌。

20.without you–mariah carey她在唱功方面显得极为细腻,而且她的声线真的是性感迷人而且非常有爆发力和感染力…~~这是高音上唯一可与i will always love you媲美的歌，下面还有一首两人合唱的，绝对体现唱功。

21.when you believe–mariah carey n‘ whitney houston不多说了，任何人都唱不成这样的。

22.Crying in the Rain大概算的上是欧美最具生命力的情歌之一了，这首出自民谣女歌手Carole King的作品对原来舒缓深情的作品来了一次颠覆性的改造…

23.never say goodbye–Hayley Westenra充满曼陀铃和竖琴声音的歌曲当中透显出一个宁静而美丽的少女形象，歌曲是从爱尔兰传统歌曲中改编过来，Hayley Westenra的声音如同丝线一般，在演唱技巧上更已达到完美的境地，而嗓音天生的优美更是让人不得不赞叹和艳羡。

24.Sugar Ray‘s Someday。Sugar Ray(据说应该翻译作―拔丝‖乐队-_-bbb)，他们的音乐风格用一个字就可以形容——Summer，他们只在夏天出片，歌儿一听就让人想起夏天

—— 总是阳光明媚、活泼愉快。与此相反的，他们的歌词却是比较深的，那个身上有着13个纹身、英俊得完全不像个rock band主唱的Mark McGrath经常用很夸张的肢体语言在MTV中摇摆，加上十分十分正宗的传统摇滚式配器，恐怕在今天活着的乐队中找不出第二个这样的band。

25.Iris– Goo Goo Dolls清脆急促的吉他solo，John Rzeznik饱含沧桑的低沉嗓音，对世事、爱情满腹的疑问，后面的爆发，―And I don‘t want the world to see me, ‗Cause I don‘t think that they‘d understand.When everything‘s made to be broken, I just want you to know who I am!‖ 这是有着无穷韵味的箴言。

26.Mystical Machine Gun–Kula Shaker比较难得的是，Kula Shaker的音乐受了很多东方思想的影响，这一点同时表现在歌词、音乐和配器之中。乐队唯一真正意义上的专辑就是《Peasants, Pigs & Astronauts》专辑干净的声音，迷幻的吉他，如印度梵音般的和声，充满现场感的录音，总之在当时背景下，属于绝对的异类。

27.Elemental–tears for fears.其实只是主唱oland Orzab一个人而已，整张专辑所有词曲、每一轨录音(器乐、主唱、和声)全部出自他一人之手(口)，原来世界上真的有全才啊！

28.gone away–the off spring是一个比较有争议的乐队。跟99%的美国摇滚乐队一样，也是来自学校同学的组合，经过很长时间的地下活动，终于走到地上，给人留下最深刻印象 就是主唱Bryan Holland的十分金属化的硬朗狂放的唱腔,歌词有着对世事无情的玩弄和嘲讽。

29.A Question Of Lust–peche Mode很容易和―冷‖这个字联系起来，冷冰冰的纯电子音乐，冷冷的唱腔，冷僻的歌词，似乎特别适合目前这个季节来听…

30.this is how we do it蛮欢快的一首现代英文混音dj舞曲。

31.boom boom boom各位爱跳舞的朋友，这就是你们的音乐，做为音乐和舞蹈的信徒，你们起床要放的音乐。

32.Earth song–meachael jackson请保护大自然!~ 崇高的敬意!~ 看过mv后真的感觉心里堵堵的…

33.everybody dance now相信看过韩国综艺节目情书的朋友不会陌生吧~里面好多背景音乐就是用的这个，尤其是uncle shin的抖动dance甩你的双手，很简单的一个步骤，音乐炸进你的头，活着就要开心些！

34.the day you went away–M2M是当之无愧的小甜甜咯，相信谁都不会忍心伤害这样的女生，不过歌词有点伤感，我们从来都不知道珍惜所拥有的直到永远的失去它,将如何承

受这种痛苦...35.when you say nothing at all–Krauss多次被评为世界最美的女声,坐拥11座格莱美奖,被无数人翻唱过… 男孩地带的也同样也是不可错过的哦！

36.hero–enrique iglesias出生在马德里,有着西班牙人独有的深邃的双眸,冷峻而又性感的脸庞,富有磁性的嗓音,再加上他那令人神魂颠倒的外表…

37.god is a girl–groove coverage从个人角度看sweetbox和groove coverage是给我印象最深的两个女唱乐队，下面还有几首歌都是她们的，很喜欢女主唱有些慵懒而很清脆的声音,他们的风格…喜欢听这种节奏感强，比较 热闹的歌曲。觉得这个乐队的风格还是挺新鲜的，也比较大众化，应该会有不少朋友会喜欢，因为大众不等于庸俗。

38.she–groove coverage

39.can‘t get over you–groove coverage

40.7 years and 50 days–groove coverage

41.encore une fois–helene segara一首抒情法语歌,哀而充满无奈的歌,你能体会到它的忧伤,也许有一天 我会离开你,途跋涉寻找真的自己也许有一天…也许有一天…

42.je m appelle helene–helene rolls听了首法语歌后觉得法语太美了,让人感觉说法语的人嘴上摸了奶油,…于记忆深处,要我找到简单的爱情,于我的爱情,歌词中有着淡淡的伤感…

43.here i am–bryan adams那是布赖恩亚当斯的作品,大家应该都听过他那首绝对经典的歌―(Everything I Do)吧，这个帅帅的沧桑男人的声音是谁都无法抗拒的！

44.Everything i do–bryan adams不多说了，经典中的经典!

45.all that you can‘t leave behind–毫无疑问,U2是80年代英国最受欢迎的摇滚乐团,感觉声音和旋律搭配的很棒!

46.big big world–Emilia看上去是一个爱整洁的乖女孩,尤其在唱―Big,Big World‖这样的慢歌时,她显得十分纯情而古典。目前Emilia的唱片在瑞典已卖过了3白金的数量。而首支单曲―Big,BigWorld‖则成为了 瑞典历史上流行速度最快的一支…

47.right here waiting–rachard max这是一首很经典的老歌,歌唱了刻骨铭心的爱情… 相信每个人也都听过无数遍....48.stay–williams(野蛮师姐主题曲)特别特别特别的欢快，心烦就听这首歌吧！

49.live forever–Oasis 是近十年来英国最受欢迎和最受评论家承认的乐队之一;live forever相信听过后感觉真的很不错！

5.英文歌歌词 篇五

英文歌歌词 1.Body body bop bop!Body bop bop!

Body body bop bop!Body bop bop!Wash your head.Wash your shoulders.Body body bop bop bop!Wash your tummy.Wash your bottom.Body body body body bop!Body body bop bop!Body bop bop!Touch your eyes.Touch your nose.Body body bop bop bop!Touch your mouth.Touch your ears.Body body body body bop!Body body bop bop!Body bop bop!

Body body bop bop!Body bop bop!

2.Five Senses Song 歌词：

I have two eyes so I can see and a nose to smell.I have ten fingers that can touch, they do it very well.I have two ears so I can hear the birds up in the trees.I have a tongue inside my mouth to taste the food I eat.3.Happy birthday, shark!Happy birthday, shark!Happy birthday to you, baby shark.It’s for you.It’s for you.Have fun today.“Thank you!I’m so happy!” Doo doo doo doo doo.Doo doo doo doo doo.Doo doo doo doo doo doo doo.“Stop!Wait!”

Doo doo doo doo doo.Doo doo doo doo doo.Doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo.Happy birthday, shark!Happy birthday, shark!This is for you, baby shark.“Ouch!” Happy birthday, baby shark!3 一起唱吧：Morning, morning.Good morning!Morning, morning.Happy morning!Morning, morning.Shiny morning!Good morning!Good morning!

本周Goodmorning Song歌词：

Morning, morning.Good morning!Morning, morning.Happy morning!Morning, morning.Shiny morning!Good morning!Good morning!

When the sunny sun comes up.Morning, morning.It’s morning!With a pretty smiley face.Morning, morning.It’s morning!

The birds chirp, chirp.“Hello, wake up!” The bees buzz, buzz.“Hello, get up!” Everybody everyone says, “Hello!” Morning, morning.It’s morning!

6.比较经典的英文歌 篇六

关键词：《红楼梦》,话语建构,文本,话语实践,社会实践

1 Introduction

It has been more than 200 years since A Dream of Red Mansions was born.Now, people both at home and abroad hail it as one of the greatest literary works in the history of Chinese literature and its important role in literature and even in other disciplines is widely acknowledged.People are so enthusiastic about the studies of A Dream of Red Mansions that a new subject emerged at the early days of Guang Xv’s period of Qing dynasty, which is called nowadays“Red-ology”.However, when the work was firstly born, it received serious criticism and even was forbidden from publication and reading by the government then.The criticism was mainly from the feudal ruling class and some scholars maintaining the traditional feudal orders stubbornly, who attacked A Dream of Red Mansions as curiosa and attached immoral values to it.In spite of the banishment of the government, the book found its popularity among ordinary mass people and they read and handed it down under the table, running the risk of being punished by the ruling class.It is said that a young lady of that time was so addicted to the book that she lost her life because of it.The tale goes like this:the young lady got the book from her elder brother and was deeply moved, losing her appetite for food and desire of sleeping.Realizing this, her parents took the book away and threw it into fire.The young lady was so heart-broken and depressed that she got sick and finally lost her life[1].This is a tragedy, which is hard to confirm, and yet it shows, in a sense, how popular A Dream of Red Mansions was among common people at that time, though they may not understand the true meanings and significance of it and may just be attracted by the love tragedy between Pao-yu and Tai-yu.Despite all this, the dominant upper classes at that time didn’t give their favor to the book.Things are different now.The book gains its reputation as one of the greatest literary works in Chinese literature and even in the world literature, and many scholars devote all their life to the studies of it.What is it that makes the dominant power changed their attitudes towards the book?How the classical position of A Dream of Red Mansions is constructed in the course of history?This is what the essay aims at exploring.

With the popularity of the research into western literary theories, discourse analysis is attracting more and more academic attention of scholars both at home and abroad.And what is discourse?Discourse is a way for humans to express their ideas and thinking.Usually it is of a general and ambiguous quality.The famous French philosopher Michel Foucault, a pioneering figure of western post-modernism, focuses his attention on the fragments of history and culture, that is, the quality of discontinuity of history and culture.He tries to see more between the lines of those fragmentary records and build his own concept of“Archaeology of Knowledge”.He says in his book titled The Archaeology of Knowledge that“the use of concepts of discontinuity, rupture, threshold, limit, series, and transformation present all historical analysis not only with questions of procedure, but with theoretical problems”[2].In this way, Foucault gifts discourse a more general meaning, ranging from groups of statements as a whole to individual utterance.A Dream of Red Mansions is by any standard a kind of discourse, so do those critical essays and works about A Dream of Red Mansions in the course of recent history.In academic field both at home and abroad, the study of discourse is often associated with society, culture, cognition and so forth.Wolfgang Teubert, a professor of corpus linguistics at the University of Birmingham, in his book Meaning, Discourse and Society, investigates the construction of reality within discourse, putting discourse in social settings.Also, he mentions the cognitive turn in academic field and connects discourse with mind.Similarly, in Sociolinguistics and Social Theory, edited by Nikolas Coupland, Srikant Sarangi and Christopher N.Candlin, language and discourse are regarded as social practice and ideology is also a concept related to discourse analysis.Chinese scholar Chang Zonglin states in his work Comparative Studies in Language&Culture that language and culture interplay with each other, that is to say, “language study cannot be separated from culture studies and vice versa”[3].Especially, English linguist Norman Fairclough expresses in his famous book Discourse and Social Change that he aims at“bringing together linguistically-oriented discourse analysis and social and political thought relevant to discourse and language, in the form of a framework which will be suitable for use in social scientific research, and specifically in the study of social change”[4].He puts forward a three-dimensional framework of discourse analysis, that is, text, discursive practice and social practice, relating discursive change with that in the fields of society and culture.Besides academic books, there are many papers dealing with the relationship between discourse and sociology or discourse and culture.

A Dream of Red Mansions, since born in the later period of China’s Qing dynasty, has been thrown into the big melting pot of society and culture, exposed to the public’s criticism and whose position in literature is thus built in this process.Regarded as a kind of discourse, it, of course, can be interpreted from the perspectives of ideology, sociology, culture and so on.The process of its discursive change explains how it shifts from a so-called curiosa criticized by authorities to the top rank of the pyramid of literature.This essay will employ the three-dimensional framework of discourse analysis put forward by Norman Fairclough to interpret the discursive change of A Dream of Red Mansions.Actually, apart from ideology, society and culture, influence may also happen among discourses themselves, that is to say, a dominant discourse can exert an impact on a disadvantaged discourse which becomes weaker and weaker and finally may be wiped out.These factors combine to make a discursive change possible.

2 The Discursive Change of A Dream of Red Mansions

As has been mentioned above, the journey of A Dream of Red Mansions’s gaining its world-famous reputation is full of ups and downs.Shortly after its birth, the dominant voice towards it is overwhelmed with sharp criticism and malicious curses.Nevertheless, in today’s world, it is safe to say that the book has won every reader’s heart and no one will cast cursing words to it.An increasing number of readers join in the group of studying Red-ology, which in turn expanding the scope of its influence.The following will focus on three factors related to the discursive change of A Dream of Red Mansions, resorting to the framework of Fairclough’s three dimensions.

2.1 Text:Encyclopedia+Mysteries

In terms of content, in the beginning, A Dream of Red Mansions was conceived as a kind of curiosa and accused of immorality.As is known, the main background setting of the book is Chia Mansion, further divided into Jung Mansion and Ning Mansion.The Chia Mansion belongs to the upper class of that time and can even be called a small kingdom.The story focuses mainly on the love between Pao-yu and Tai-yu as well as Pao-chai and some other beautiful girls, which is where the criticism towards it lies.Also, Pao-yu, as a central character in this book, is different from other people of his time both in mind and behaviors.He says that“Girls are made of water, men of mud and I feel clean and refreshed when I’m with girls but find men dirty and stinking”[5], which is seen as a subversion of the dominant attitude towards women at that time.What’s more, Pao-yu holds a natural hatred for imperial examination system of that time and loathes those people who urge him to walk into official career, which is also seen as a crime threatening their dominant position in society by the ruling class of that time.But, actually, A Dream of Red Mansions tells more than that.

2.1.1 An Encyclopedia of the Society of that Time

As a product of that time, the book is inevitably tinted with the color of that time.In fact, the book is so inclusive that it is called an encyclopedia of that society.It covers the people from all social strata, ranging from feudal aristocracy to the lower class people, though more ink is poured on the life of upper class.More importantly, A Dream of Red Mansions is a good window for us to peep into the folk culture of that time.For example, in the 13th chapter, Ko-ching’s mortuary cult is described in very detail, observing the ritual custom then.The book boasts a distinct Chinese feature because of the use of Beijing dialect and a large amount of Chinese ancient poetry, which provide a good source for scholars to research.Besides, almost all kinds of cultures and arts are mentioned in this book, such as the culture of food, of finery, of architecture, of medicine, of drama, of tea ceremony, of landscape garden and so on, making the life of those characters vividly presented before readers’eyes, gifting the book a strong color of realism, though it resorts to fantastic means sometimes.

2.1.2 Mysteries that are Open to Interpret

Another attractive point of this book is that it is permeated with mysteries, which mainly come from the blank space between the lines.It is generally known that the book was left unfinished by Cao Xueqin and the later 40 chapters were continued by Gao Er, whose writing skills are considered less exquisite than Cao Xueqin and who is condemned by some scholars for twisting Cao’s original meanings that are basically hidden behind the judging poems in the beginning.Therefore, many scholars devote themselves to the study of the fates of many main characters and making speculations as to the ending of the book, with some scholars even rewriting it, for example, Liu Xingwu.This is one mystery, which I call“the mystery of ending”.Another one is“the mystery of identity”, saying that many characters’identity is uncertain, with a wide room of making inferences.These mysteries exist, sometimes because of the use of a writing technique which purposely uses very precise words to express rich meanings and readers are asked to read between lines in order to take the hints, and sometimes because of the author’s modification to the plot in the process of writing.Anyway, it is because of these mysteries and uncertainty that A Dream of Red Mansions attracts the attention and interest of generations after generations.

2.1.3 How to Do Text Analysis

Western literary theories are disputable about how to do text analysis.New criticism stresses the importance of close reading and tries to integrate meaning and form together;Russian formalism pays more attention than new criticism to form and sees text as a special use of language;Marxism does not separate text from the society where it is generated and strives to find the interrelationship between text and society.It is in Marxism that Fairclough finds a common voice.Fairclough says in his Discourse and Social Change that“discourse analysis is in fact a multidisciplinary activity, and one can no more assume a detailed linguistic background from its practitioners than one can assume detailed backgrounds in sociology, psychology or politics”[4].That is to say, text analysis should be done from many perspectives, assuming a multidisciplinary eye.The all-embracing quality of A Dream of Red Mansions as a text makes it possible for scholars to interpret it in many ways, which, in a sense, accounts for why the book can keep refreshing all the time and does not fall into the obscurity of history.To sum up, the encyclopedic and mysterious features of A Dream of Red Mansions lead to the possibility of multi-interpretation and finally promote the book to the top rank of the pyramid of literature.

2.2 Discursive Practice:Author+Readers+Ideology

Another dimension of discourse analysis is, according to Fairclough, discursive practice, which means in his words“involves processes of text production, distribution and consumption, and the nature of these processes varies between different types of discourse according to social factors”[4].Text is not isolated.Before it is born, it is conceived in the mind of its author;after its birth, it will inevitably exercise an influence on the mind of its readers and in turn, the changes in readers’mind and ideology will certainly affect their evaluation and interpretation of the text.In Fairclough’s words, “Texts are consumed differently in different social contexts”[4].Different social contexts lead to the changes in people’s ideology.Therefore, the two subjective factors—author and readers—will influence the processes of production and consumption of a text with their ideology.If their ideology changes, the texts they produce will surely change accordingly.

2.2.1 A Theoretical Explanation of the Relation between Text and Ideology

Ideology is closely related to people’s psychology, mind or cognition.Text, as a product of ideology, can be regarded as a bridge between people’s inner mind and outside world, or a transition from inner activities to outside products, so the study of people’s inner mind is of great significance to text analysis.

A cognitive turn characterized the second half of the 20thcentury and scholars began to turn their attention to the research of people’s cognition in order to make sense of how meanings are produced.They wanted to set up models of language that can reflect what is known about the human mind, and further explain people’s behaviors under the influence of their mind and cognition.They held that language is the externalization of thought.Mc Ginn insists that“It is far more plausible to suppose that our language is caused by our thoughts—that we can only introduce words for which we already have concepts”, “Words express concepts;they don’t create them”[9].Meanwhile, in the field of psycholinguistics, scholars also hold that“thought provides the basis for speech comprehension, which in turn provides the basis for speech production”[10].That is to say, oral speech or written text is closely connected with its author’s mind or ideology and reflect his/her intention at that time.For example, when creating A Dream of Red Mansions, Cao Xueqin must have in his mind a purpose or be overwhelmed with a kind of feeling he wanted to impart to his readers.Similarly, readers of different social classes or different times may have different ideologies in their mind and therefore give various responses and interpretations to the book.What plays an important role in determining people’s ideologies is social status and social change.

2.2.2 An Illustration of the Cognitive Change to A Dream of Red Mansions

A Dream of Red Mansions, in its early stage, evoked different reactions among different social classes.Many people of lower strata liked it very much, even though they may not really grasp the underlying meaning behind the words and may only be moved by the pure love story between Pao-yu and Tai-yu.Another group of people who give their favor to the book are those men of letters, praising highly the refined poems in it and, to some extent, realizing the significance of its revolutionary and rebellious spirit.Nonetheless, these agreeable voices could not gain an upper hand in the struggle against the dominant authority of that time.The feudal ruling class was so sensitive to the climate of the society that they were quick to catch up what kind of influence this book would exert on the mass people.Also, they were quick in their action.Shortly after the book’s circulation among mass people, the government gave an order to ban the book from publication and circulation and people were not allowed to read and discuss it.The ruling class of that time had good reasons to do this, claiming that the book, which was called The Story of the Stone at first, was detrimental to public morality and should be burn as curiosa.The mass people, though like the book very much, dare not read it in broad daylight, on the one hand, because of the pressure and prohibition of the authority, and on the other hand, because of their inner acknowledgement of the heterodox position of the book, for most of them were deeply influenced by Chinese traditional Confucianism.

With the development of society and the transition of era, people’s ideology changed, so did the ideology of society as a whole.In the transition from feudalism to socialism, people sometimes jumped out of the fetters of ideology and observed it in an objective way.In this way, they found a new world in A Dream of Red Mansions.Formerly, the study of the book could be classified into two schools, the one was the group of criticizing (评点派) , and the other was the school of searching for hidden meanings (索隐派) , which either put emphasis on the comments of the plot or characters, or strive to find the hidden social realities the book was based on.The one who makes great contributions to the solid position of A Dream of Red Mansions in literature is Lu Xun (1881-1936) .Although he did not write some monograph discussing A Dream of Red Mansions exclusively, he did write it into his work A Brief History of Chinese Fiction, and put forward many brilliant ideas.He sees more than love stories in it and regards it as a realistic tragedy, meanwhile digging the social meaning and advanced ideas within it.According to Lu Xun, this novel breaks the traditional schema that good people are pure good while bad people are completely bad[8], and instead, all the characters in it are somewhat imperfect.Besides, he holds that the tragedy of these characters actually reveals the essence of feudal society and can be seen as an exposure of the cruelty of feudalism[8].Nowadays, it is generally admitted that Pao-yu is a new-age person conceived in the embryo of feudal society and A Dream of Red Mansions is an encyclopedic book that provides scholars with a window to peep into Chinese traditional culture and that can be related to many other disciplines which makes multi-interpretations become possible.In a word, the questions as to how this novel was produced and how it was consumed by readers are all connected with ideology, and the change of ideology leads to different understanding and interpretations towards the book, which contributes to the discursive change of A Dream of Red Mansions.

2.3 Social Practice:Society+Culture+Power

Discourse does not come into being from nowhere.In a sense, it is deeply rooted in the climate of society.In this connection, Fairclough thinks highly of Marxism, saying that Marxism“provides a rich framework for investigating discourse as a form of social practice”[4].“People are social beings”[9], and there is surely interpersonal bound between them, for“What makes up society is not the people themselves but their interactions”[9].Interactions include those within a community and those happening between a community and other communities, with the latter maybe exerting a more significant influence by changing people’s ideas, the culture of a society and the shifting of power relationship.

2.3.1 The Influence of Western Literary Theories on the Study of Red-ology

In the later period of Qing dynasty, China woke from the policy of seclusion and began to learn from western countries in order to strengthen itself.In this way, some western literary theories found their way to China and did feel an echo among Chinese scholars.Since after, some Chinese scholars employed western theories to interpret Chinese literary works and made great contributions to academic studies.

Wang Guowei (1877-1927) , born in the later period of Qing dynasty, is a very great scholar in literature, aesthetics, historiography, philosophy, Sinology and so on.After coming into contact with Schopenhauer’s philosophy, he spent more than two years studying it and finally applied it into the interpretations of A Dream of Red Mansions.According to him, A Dream of Red Mansions is a book recording the pains and tragedies in life, and is the first work so far in China which is permeated with a real sense of pessimism[1].Though Wang’s ideas are still remain to be discussed as to its correctness, he does play a pioneering role in introducing western literary theories into the interpretations of literary works in China.

After Wang Guowei, there were several other scholars turning their attention to western theories in their study of Red-ology, such as Wu Mi’s A New Comment on A Dream of Red Mansions (《红楼梦新谈》) and Pei Zhi’s A New Discussion of A Dream of Red Mansions (《红楼梦新评》) .These essays or monographs are the results of an exchange between Chinese and western ideas.

2.3.2 Red-ology as Political Weapons in the New Culture Movement

The interaction between China and western countries leads to the dialogue between Chinese and western cultures.In the period of the 19thcentury, a group of young men of letters and patriots in China launched the New Culture Movement, paying great effort to advocate the spirit of democracy and science, with the purpose of transforming China’s cultural and political system.This trend also extended its influence to the study of Red-ology.A Dream of Red Mansions was reinterpreted to work for the political purpose of patriotic intellectuals.

As has been mentioned above, in early days, the study of A Dream of Red Mansions mainly included two schools—the group of criticizing and the school of searching for hidden meanings, which are now collectively called“old Red-ology” (旧红学) .In 1921, Hu Shi (1891-1962) published a famous essay titled A Research on A Dream of Red Mansions (《红楼梦考证》) , marking the birth of new Red-ology (新红学) .Hu Shi’s study of Red-ology was of clear political intentions.At that time, he realized that the talking of“-ism”had a quite wide market among people while the need of actual action was largely ignored, so he put forward that“we should focus our attentions more on the actual problems instead of the empty talking of‘-ism’”, and he further suggested that we should“make suppositions boldly and draw confirmations carefully” (大胆地假设, 小心地求证) .His study of A Dream of Red Mansions was to impart the kind of scientific attitude and pragmatic spirit to the public.When it came to the age of Mao Zedong, Hu Shi’s philosophy of idealism and advocating of pragmatism were severely criticized and the new generation of proletarian revolutionists held that the research of Red-ology, like other academic fields, should also adopt the ideas and methods of Marxism to work for the career of proletariats[8].It is easy to draw from above that at the transitional period of ages, literary research is tinted with a strong color of politics and has already become a political weapon for revolutionists to fight for their power in society.

Fairclough says that“discursive practices are ideologically invested in so far as they incorporate significations which contribute to sustaining or restructuring power relations”“Relations of power may in principle be affected”[4].In a sense, this is to say, the encounter of different ideologies changes people’s way of thinking and may lead the mass people to take actions and finally lead to the shift of power relations.“What we feel, what we do and find we cannot do, will determine what we make of the utterances we hear from other members”[9].People’s understanding and interpretations for a text are somewhat related to their inner mind and purpose which are certainly, to some extent, molded by the climate of outside society.Therefore, in a way, the discursive change of a text happens along with the change of society and the shifting of power relationships.

3 The Influence Exerted by Strong Discourse on Weak Discourse

When doing discourse analysis, apart from diachronic factors, we should also take into account the interaction existing between different kinds of discourse.There is a world within discourse, where things interplay with each other and vicissitudes take place.From the perspective of influence, discourse can be categorized into the powerful one and the weak one.To some extent, whether a kind of discourse is powerful or weak, it mainly depends on the group of people who speak it.If a community is very powerful and influential, the voice they utter would somehow be paid more attention to and accordingly, would be more influential among different communities.This is the so-called powerful discourse.On the contrary, if some people are of marginalized position in society, the words they say may be also marginalized and even ignored by the mainstream society.This is the so-called weak or disadvantaged discourse.“Powerful communities in society can exert an influence on comparatively weaker communities by discourse.”[10]In other words, the powerful discourse would threaten and even erode the weak discourse.However, whether a kind of discourse is strong or weak, this is not a fixed thing.During a period, this kind of discourse is dominant;later, another kind of discourse may gain an upper hand, with the result of breaking the original balance within discourse and set up a new balance.This can be called the inner change of discourse.

In the early days after A Dream of Red Mansions’s publication, the opponent voice from feudal ruling class was the powerful discourse while the favor from mass people was somewhat marginalized.The government, guarding for the interests of upper ruling class, rejected the novel stubbornly in the name of morality and social civility.Under the pressure of so-called“orthodox”, those people who gave their vote to this novel did not dare to put it on the table, and had to copy and discuss it secretly.Yet, with the development of society and culture, people changed their ways of thinking and began to appreciate it in a quite new way.The laudatory words gradually prevail and become powerful discourse which silences the opponent voice.During the process of balance-breaking and balance-rebuilding between strong discourse and weak discourse, A Dream of Red Mansions walks from the periphery of literature to the very center of it, and embraces its classical position indisputably.

4 Conclusion

Discourse has its own journey of development, which is the so-called discursive change.In a general sense, two factors contribute to the change-external cause and internal cause.The former includes society, culture, ideology and so on, whose change leads to the transformation in people’s-or more specifically, readers’way of thinking, and makes readers adopt a new way to elucidate the discourse which thus is able to keep rejuvenated and diversified and acquires new meaning.As to the inner cause, it refers to the interplaying impact within discourse.Strong discourse gradually expands its domain and eats up that of weak discourse, finally gaining the very dominant position.In this way, the thing that the powerful discourse refers to would accordingly achieves a solid position in society.Of course, it is certainly impossible to separate external factors and internal factors from each other.Actually, they are complementary to each other, with the former being a stimulus to the latter and coming into effect through the latter.Fairclough put forward three dimensions of discourse analysis, which are text, discursive practice and social practice.The three dimensions reflect three points of view in discourse analysis-text, readers and society, through which external causes and internal causes interweave with each other.

The process of A Dream of Red Mansions’s achieving its classical position in literature is actually the process of its discursive change.As a kind of discourse, this novel itself is all-embracing and can be called an encyclopedia of that time, which makes it possible to do multi-interpretations.More importantly, it is caught in the wide net of society and culture as well as ideology, swaying along with the tide of society.When the affirmative voice towards A Dream of Red Mansions becomes strong and presides over readers and critics, the discursive construction of the novel is finally accomplished.

参考文献

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[2]Michel Foucault.The Archaeology of Knowledge[M].London:Routledge, 2002.

[3]常宗林.英汉语言文化学[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社, 2004:25.

[4]Norman Fairclough.Discourse and Social Change[M].Cambridge:Polity Press in association with Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 1992:62, 74, 78, 79, 86, 91.

[5]Yang Xianyi&Yang Gladys, Trans.A Dream of Red Mansions[M].Beijing:Foreign Languages Press, 1978:26.

[6]C.Mc Ginn.“How you think”, New York Review of Books[J].2007.9.

[7]Danny D.Steinberg&Hiroshi Nagata&David P.Aline.Psycholinguistics:Language, Mind and World, second edition[M].England:Pearson Education Limited, 2001:36.

[8]郭豫适.红楼研究小史续稿 (kolistan推荐书系, 红楼梦原著论著系列) [M].上海:上海文艺出版社, 1981:92, 94-95, 316.

[9]Wolfgang Teubert, Meaning, Discourse and Society[M].New York:Cambridge University Press, 2010:114, 122, 115.