失落的经典话语

失落的经典话语（精选6篇）

1.失落的经典话语 篇一

1、上天决定了谁是你的亲戚，幸运的是在选择朋友方面它给你留了余地。

2、把不忙不闲的工作做的出色，把不咸不淡的生活过得精彩。

3、把一切平凡的事做好即不平凡，把一切简单的事做好即不简单。

4、不要说别人脑子有病，脑子有病的前提是必须有个脑子。

5、成功有个副作用，就是以为过去的做法同样适应于将来。

6、当别人开始说你是疯子的时候，你离成功就不远了。

7、当我们搬开别人架下的绊脚石时，也许恰恰是在为自己铺路。

8、地球是运动的，一个人不会永远处在倒霉的位置。

9、都是背了太多的心愿，流星会跌的那么重；都是藏了太多的谎言，我们分手才会那么伤。

10、付出真心，才会得到真心，却可能伤的彻底；保持距离，才能保护自己，却注定永远寂寞。

11、孤单是一个人的狂欢，狂欢是一群人的孤单。

12、好马不吃回头草，因为回头的时候已经没有草了。

13、咖啡苦与甜，不在于怎么搅拌，而在于是否放糖；一段伤痛，不在于怎么忘记，而在于是否有勇气重新开始。

14、浪漫是一袭美丽的晚礼服，但你不能一天到晚都穿着它。

15、理想和现实总是有差距的，幸好还有差距，不然，谁还稀罕理想？

16、理想很丰满，现实很骨感。

17、忙碌是一种幸福，让我们没时间体会痛苦；奔波是一种快乐，让我们真实地感受生活；疲惫是一种享受，让我们无暇空虚。

18、每个人出生的时候都是原创，可悲的是很多人渐渐都成了盗版。

19、你永远看不见我眼里的泪，因为你不在时我才会哭泣。

20、女人的眼泪是没用的液体，但你让女人流泪说明你很没用。

21、朋友就是把你看透了，还能喜欢你的人。

22、漂亮只能为别人提供眼福，却不一定换到幸福。

23、情侣间最矛盾的地方就是幻想彼此的未来，却惦记着对方的过去。

24、人生最精彩的不是实现梦想的瞬间，而是坚持梦想的过程。

25、人之所以活得累，是因为放不下架子，撕不开面子，解不开情节。

26、如果你为自己定的所有目标都已达到，那么说明你定的目标还不够远大。

27、如果说我懂的道理比别人多一点，那是因为我犯的错误比别人多一点。

28、如果我能够看到自己的背影，我想它一定很忧伤，因为我把快乐都留在了前面。

29、如果真诚是一种伤害，请选择谎言；如果谎言是一种伤害，请选择沉默；如果沉默时候一种伤害，请选择离开。

30、时间就像一张网，你撒在哪里，你的收获就在哪里。

31、世界上只有想不通的人，没有走不通的路。

2.失落的经典话语 篇二

关键词：《红楼梦》,话语建构,文本,话语实践,社会实践

1 Introduction

It has been more than 200 years since A Dream of Red Mansions was born.Now, people both at home and abroad hail it as one of the greatest literary works in the history of Chinese literature and its important role in literature and even in other disciplines is widely acknowledged.People are so enthusiastic about the studies of A Dream of Red Mansions that a new subject emerged at the early days of Guang Xv’s period of Qing dynasty, which is called nowadays“Red-ology”.However, when the work was firstly born, it received serious criticism and even was forbidden from publication and reading by the government then.The criticism was mainly from the feudal ruling class and some scholars maintaining the traditional feudal orders stubbornly, who attacked A Dream of Red Mansions as curiosa and attached immoral values to it.In spite of the banishment of the government, the book found its popularity among ordinary mass people and they read and handed it down under the table, running the risk of being punished by the ruling class.It is said that a young lady of that time was so addicted to the book that she lost her life because of it.The tale goes like this:the young lady got the book from her elder brother and was deeply moved, losing her appetite for food and desire of sleeping.Realizing this, her parents took the book away and threw it into fire.The young lady was so heart-broken and depressed that she got sick and finally lost her life[1].This is a tragedy, which is hard to confirm, and yet it shows, in a sense, how popular A Dream of Red Mansions was among common people at that time, though they may not understand the true meanings and significance of it and may just be attracted by the love tragedy between Pao-yu and Tai-yu.Despite all this, the dominant upper classes at that time didn’t give their favor to the book.Things are different now.The book gains its reputation as one of the greatest literary works in Chinese literature and even in the world literature, and many scholars devote all their life to the studies of it.What is it that makes the dominant power changed their attitudes towards the book?How the classical position of A Dream of Red Mansions is constructed in the course of history?This is what the essay aims at exploring.

With the popularity of the research into western literary theories, discourse analysis is attracting more and more academic attention of scholars both at home and abroad.And what is discourse?Discourse is a way for humans to express their ideas and thinking.Usually it is of a general and ambiguous quality.The famous French philosopher Michel Foucault, a pioneering figure of western post-modernism, focuses his attention on the fragments of history and culture, that is, the quality of discontinuity of history and culture.He tries to see more between the lines of those fragmentary records and build his own concept of“Archaeology of Knowledge”.He says in his book titled The Archaeology of Knowledge that“the use of concepts of discontinuity, rupture, threshold, limit, series, and transformation present all historical analysis not only with questions of procedure, but with theoretical problems”[2].In this way, Foucault gifts discourse a more general meaning, ranging from groups of statements as a whole to individual utterance.A Dream of Red Mansions is by any standard a kind of discourse, so do those critical essays and works about A Dream of Red Mansions in the course of recent history.In academic field both at home and abroad, the study of discourse is often associated with society, culture, cognition and so forth.Wolfgang Teubert, a professor of corpus linguistics at the University of Birmingham, in his book Meaning, Discourse and Society, investigates the construction of reality within discourse, putting discourse in social settings.Also, he mentions the cognitive turn in academic field and connects discourse with mind.Similarly, in Sociolinguistics and Social Theory, edited by Nikolas Coupland, Srikant Sarangi and Christopher N.Candlin, language and discourse are regarded as social practice and ideology is also a concept related to discourse analysis.Chinese scholar Chang Zonglin states in his work Comparative Studies in Language&Culture that language and culture interplay with each other, that is to say, “language study cannot be separated from culture studies and vice versa”[3].Especially, English linguist Norman Fairclough expresses in his famous book Discourse and Social Change that he aims at“bringing together linguistically-oriented discourse analysis and social and political thought relevant to discourse and language, in the form of a framework which will be suitable for use in social scientific research, and specifically in the study of social change”[4].He puts forward a three-dimensional framework of discourse analysis, that is, text, discursive practice and social practice, relating discursive change with that in the fields of society and culture.Besides academic books, there are many papers dealing with the relationship between discourse and sociology or discourse and culture.

A Dream of Red Mansions, since born in the later period of China’s Qing dynasty, has been thrown into the big melting pot of society and culture, exposed to the public’s criticism and whose position in literature is thus built in this process.Regarded as a kind of discourse, it, of course, can be interpreted from the perspectives of ideology, sociology, culture and so on.The process of its discursive change explains how it shifts from a so-called curiosa criticized by authorities to the top rank of the pyramid of literature.This essay will employ the three-dimensional framework of discourse analysis put forward by Norman Fairclough to interpret the discursive change of A Dream of Red Mansions.Actually, apart from ideology, society and culture, influence may also happen among discourses themselves, that is to say, a dominant discourse can exert an impact on a disadvantaged discourse which becomes weaker and weaker and finally may be wiped out.These factors combine to make a discursive change possible.

2 The Discursive Change of A Dream of Red Mansions

As has been mentioned above, the journey of A Dream of Red Mansions’s gaining its world-famous reputation is full of ups and downs.Shortly after its birth, the dominant voice towards it is overwhelmed with sharp criticism and malicious curses.Nevertheless, in today’s world, it is safe to say that the book has won every reader’s heart and no one will cast cursing words to it.An increasing number of readers join in the group of studying Red-ology, which in turn expanding the scope of its influence.The following will focus on three factors related to the discursive change of A Dream of Red Mansions, resorting to the framework of Fairclough’s three dimensions.

2.1 Text:Encyclopedia+Mysteries

In terms of content, in the beginning, A Dream of Red Mansions was conceived as a kind of curiosa and accused of immorality.As is known, the main background setting of the book is Chia Mansion, further divided into Jung Mansion and Ning Mansion.The Chia Mansion belongs to the upper class of that time and can even be called a small kingdom.The story focuses mainly on the love between Pao-yu and Tai-yu as well as Pao-chai and some other beautiful girls, which is where the criticism towards it lies.Also, Pao-yu, as a central character in this book, is different from other people of his time both in mind and behaviors.He says that“Girls are made of water, men of mud and I feel clean and refreshed when I’m with girls but find men dirty and stinking”[5], which is seen as a subversion of the dominant attitude towards women at that time.What’s more, Pao-yu holds a natural hatred for imperial examination system of that time and loathes those people who urge him to walk into official career, which is also seen as a crime threatening their dominant position in society by the ruling class of that time.But, actually, A Dream of Red Mansions tells more than that.

2.1.1 An Encyclopedia of the Society of that Time

As a product of that time, the book is inevitably tinted with the color of that time.In fact, the book is so inclusive that it is called an encyclopedia of that society.It covers the people from all social strata, ranging from feudal aristocracy to the lower class people, though more ink is poured on the life of upper class.More importantly, A Dream of Red Mansions is a good window for us to peep into the folk culture of that time.For example, in the 13th chapter, Ko-ching’s mortuary cult is described in very detail, observing the ritual custom then.The book boasts a distinct Chinese feature because of the use of Beijing dialect and a large amount of Chinese ancient poetry, which provide a good source for scholars to research.Besides, almost all kinds of cultures and arts are mentioned in this book, such as the culture of food, of finery, of architecture, of medicine, of drama, of tea ceremony, of landscape garden and so on, making the life of those characters vividly presented before readers’eyes, gifting the book a strong color of realism, though it resorts to fantastic means sometimes.

2.1.2 Mysteries that are Open to Interpret

Another attractive point of this book is that it is permeated with mysteries, which mainly come from the blank space between the lines.It is generally known that the book was left unfinished by Cao Xueqin and the later 40 chapters were continued by Gao Er, whose writing skills are considered less exquisite than Cao Xueqin and who is condemned by some scholars for twisting Cao’s original meanings that are basically hidden behind the judging poems in the beginning.Therefore, many scholars devote themselves to the study of the fates of many main characters and making speculations as to the ending of the book, with some scholars even rewriting it, for example, Liu Xingwu.This is one mystery, which I call“the mystery of ending”.Another one is“the mystery of identity”, saying that many characters’identity is uncertain, with a wide room of making inferences.These mysteries exist, sometimes because of the use of a writing technique which purposely uses very precise words to express rich meanings and readers are asked to read between lines in order to take the hints, and sometimes because of the author’s modification to the plot in the process of writing.Anyway, it is because of these mysteries and uncertainty that A Dream of Red Mansions attracts the attention and interest of generations after generations.

2.1.3 How to Do Text Analysis

Western literary theories are disputable about how to do text analysis.New criticism stresses the importance of close reading and tries to integrate meaning and form together;Russian formalism pays more attention than new criticism to form and sees text as a special use of language;Marxism does not separate text from the society where it is generated and strives to find the interrelationship between text and society.It is in Marxism that Fairclough finds a common voice.Fairclough says in his Discourse and Social Change that“discourse analysis is in fact a multidisciplinary activity, and one can no more assume a detailed linguistic background from its practitioners than one can assume detailed backgrounds in sociology, psychology or politics”[4].That is to say, text analysis should be done from many perspectives, assuming a multidisciplinary eye.The all-embracing quality of A Dream of Red Mansions as a text makes it possible for scholars to interpret it in many ways, which, in a sense, accounts for why the book can keep refreshing all the time and does not fall into the obscurity of history.To sum up, the encyclopedic and mysterious features of A Dream of Red Mansions lead to the possibility of multi-interpretation and finally promote the book to the top rank of the pyramid of literature.

2.2 Discursive Practice:Author+Readers+Ideology

Another dimension of discourse analysis is, according to Fairclough, discursive practice, which means in his words“involves processes of text production, distribution and consumption, and the nature of these processes varies between different types of discourse according to social factors”[4].Text is not isolated.Before it is born, it is conceived in the mind of its author;after its birth, it will inevitably exercise an influence on the mind of its readers and in turn, the changes in readers’mind and ideology will certainly affect their evaluation and interpretation of the text.In Fairclough’s words, “Texts are consumed differently in different social contexts”[4].Different social contexts lead to the changes in people’s ideology.Therefore, the two subjective factors—author and readers—will influence the processes of production and consumption of a text with their ideology.If their ideology changes, the texts they produce will surely change accordingly.

2.2.1 A Theoretical Explanation of the Relation between Text and Ideology

Ideology is closely related to people’s psychology, mind or cognition.Text, as a product of ideology, can be regarded as a bridge between people’s inner mind and outside world, or a transition from inner activities to outside products, so the study of people’s inner mind is of great significance to text analysis.

A cognitive turn characterized the second half of the 20thcentury and scholars began to turn their attention to the research of people’s cognition in order to make sense of how meanings are produced.They wanted to set up models of language that can reflect what is known about the human mind, and further explain people’s behaviors under the influence of their mind and cognition.They held that language is the externalization of thought.Mc Ginn insists that“It is far more plausible to suppose that our language is caused by our thoughts—that we can only introduce words for which we already have concepts”, “Words express concepts;they don’t create them”[9].Meanwhile, in the field of psycholinguistics, scholars also hold that“thought provides the basis for speech comprehension, which in turn provides the basis for speech production”[10].That is to say, oral speech or written text is closely connected with its author’s mind or ideology and reflect his/her intention at that time.For example, when creating A Dream of Red Mansions, Cao Xueqin must have in his mind a purpose or be overwhelmed with a kind of feeling he wanted to impart to his readers.Similarly, readers of different social classes or different times may have different ideologies in their mind and therefore give various responses and interpretations to the book.What plays an important role in determining people’s ideologies is social status and social change.

2.2.2 An Illustration of the Cognitive Change to A Dream of Red Mansions

A Dream of Red Mansions, in its early stage, evoked different reactions among different social classes.Many people of lower strata liked it very much, even though they may not really grasp the underlying meaning behind the words and may only be moved by the pure love story between Pao-yu and Tai-yu.Another group of people who give their favor to the book are those men of letters, praising highly the refined poems in it and, to some extent, realizing the significance of its revolutionary and rebellious spirit.Nonetheless, these agreeable voices could not gain an upper hand in the struggle against the dominant authority of that time.The feudal ruling class was so sensitive to the climate of the society that they were quick to catch up what kind of influence this book would exert on the mass people.Also, they were quick in their action.Shortly after the book’s circulation among mass people, the government gave an order to ban the book from publication and circulation and people were not allowed to read and discuss it.The ruling class of that time had good reasons to do this, claiming that the book, which was called The Story of the Stone at first, was detrimental to public morality and should be burn as curiosa.The mass people, though like the book very much, dare not read it in broad daylight, on the one hand, because of the pressure and prohibition of the authority, and on the other hand, because of their inner acknowledgement of the heterodox position of the book, for most of them were deeply influenced by Chinese traditional Confucianism.

With the development of society and the transition of era, people’s ideology changed, so did the ideology of society as a whole.In the transition from feudalism to socialism, people sometimes jumped out of the fetters of ideology and observed it in an objective way.In this way, they found a new world in A Dream of Red Mansions.Formerly, the study of the book could be classified into two schools, the one was the group of criticizing (评点派) , and the other was the school of searching for hidden meanings (索隐派) , which either put emphasis on the comments of the plot or characters, or strive to find the hidden social realities the book was based on.The one who makes great contributions to the solid position of A Dream of Red Mansions in literature is Lu Xun (1881-1936) .Although he did not write some monograph discussing A Dream of Red Mansions exclusively, he did write it into his work A Brief History of Chinese Fiction, and put forward many brilliant ideas.He sees more than love stories in it and regards it as a realistic tragedy, meanwhile digging the social meaning and advanced ideas within it.According to Lu Xun, this novel breaks the traditional schema that good people are pure good while bad people are completely bad[8], and instead, all the characters in it are somewhat imperfect.Besides, he holds that the tragedy of these characters actually reveals the essence of feudal society and can be seen as an exposure of the cruelty of feudalism[8].Nowadays, it is generally admitted that Pao-yu is a new-age person conceived in the embryo of feudal society and A Dream of Red Mansions is an encyclopedic book that provides scholars with a window to peep into Chinese traditional culture and that can be related to many other disciplines which makes multi-interpretations become possible.In a word, the questions as to how this novel was produced and how it was consumed by readers are all connected with ideology, and the change of ideology leads to different understanding and interpretations towards the book, which contributes to the discursive change of A Dream of Red Mansions.

2.3 Social Practice:Society+Culture+Power

Discourse does not come into being from nowhere.In a sense, it is deeply rooted in the climate of society.In this connection, Fairclough thinks highly of Marxism, saying that Marxism“provides a rich framework for investigating discourse as a form of social practice”[4].“People are social beings”[9], and there is surely interpersonal bound between them, for“What makes up society is not the people themselves but their interactions”[9].Interactions include those within a community and those happening between a community and other communities, with the latter maybe exerting a more significant influence by changing people’s ideas, the culture of a society and the shifting of power relationship.

2.3.1 The Influence of Western Literary Theories on the Study of Red-ology

In the later period of Qing dynasty, China woke from the policy of seclusion and began to learn from western countries in order to strengthen itself.In this way, some western literary theories found their way to China and did feel an echo among Chinese scholars.Since after, some Chinese scholars employed western theories to interpret Chinese literary works and made great contributions to academic studies.

Wang Guowei (1877-1927) , born in the later period of Qing dynasty, is a very great scholar in literature, aesthetics, historiography, philosophy, Sinology and so on.After coming into contact with Schopenhauer’s philosophy, he spent more than two years studying it and finally applied it into the interpretations of A Dream of Red Mansions.According to him, A Dream of Red Mansions is a book recording the pains and tragedies in life, and is the first work so far in China which is permeated with a real sense of pessimism[1].Though Wang’s ideas are still remain to be discussed as to its correctness, he does play a pioneering role in introducing western literary theories into the interpretations of literary works in China.

After Wang Guowei, there were several other scholars turning their attention to western theories in their study of Red-ology, such as Wu Mi’s A New Comment on A Dream of Red Mansions (《红楼梦新谈》) and Pei Zhi’s A New Discussion of A Dream of Red Mansions (《红楼梦新评》) .These essays or monographs are the results of an exchange between Chinese and western ideas.

2.3.2 Red-ology as Political Weapons in the New Culture Movement

The interaction between China and western countries leads to the dialogue between Chinese and western cultures.In the period of the 19thcentury, a group of young men of letters and patriots in China launched the New Culture Movement, paying great effort to advocate the spirit of democracy and science, with the purpose of transforming China’s cultural and political system.This trend also extended its influence to the study of Red-ology.A Dream of Red Mansions was reinterpreted to work for the political purpose of patriotic intellectuals.

As has been mentioned above, in early days, the study of A Dream of Red Mansions mainly included two schools—the group of criticizing and the school of searching for hidden meanings, which are now collectively called“old Red-ology” (旧红学) .In 1921, Hu Shi (1891-1962) published a famous essay titled A Research on A Dream of Red Mansions (《红楼梦考证》) , marking the birth of new Red-ology (新红学) .Hu Shi’s study of Red-ology was of clear political intentions.At that time, he realized that the talking of“-ism”had a quite wide market among people while the need of actual action was largely ignored, so he put forward that“we should focus our attentions more on the actual problems instead of the empty talking of‘-ism’”, and he further suggested that we should“make suppositions boldly and draw confirmations carefully” (大胆地假设, 小心地求证) .His study of A Dream of Red Mansions was to impart the kind of scientific attitude and pragmatic spirit to the public.When it came to the age of Mao Zedong, Hu Shi’s philosophy of idealism and advocating of pragmatism were severely criticized and the new generation of proletarian revolutionists held that the research of Red-ology, like other academic fields, should also adopt the ideas and methods of Marxism to work for the career of proletariats[8].It is easy to draw from above that at the transitional period of ages, literary research is tinted with a strong color of politics and has already become a political weapon for revolutionists to fight for their power in society.

Fairclough says that“discursive practices are ideologically invested in so far as they incorporate significations which contribute to sustaining or restructuring power relations”“Relations of power may in principle be affected”[4].In a sense, this is to say, the encounter of different ideologies changes people’s way of thinking and may lead the mass people to take actions and finally lead to the shift of power relations.“What we feel, what we do and find we cannot do, will determine what we make of the utterances we hear from other members”[9].People’s understanding and interpretations for a text are somewhat related to their inner mind and purpose which are certainly, to some extent, molded by the climate of outside society.Therefore, in a way, the discursive change of a text happens along with the change of society and the shifting of power relationships.

3 The Influence Exerted by Strong Discourse on Weak Discourse

When doing discourse analysis, apart from diachronic factors, we should also take into account the interaction existing between different kinds of discourse.There is a world within discourse, where things interplay with each other and vicissitudes take place.From the perspective of influence, discourse can be categorized into the powerful one and the weak one.To some extent, whether a kind of discourse is powerful or weak, it mainly depends on the group of people who speak it.If a community is very powerful and influential, the voice they utter would somehow be paid more attention to and accordingly, would be more influential among different communities.This is the so-called powerful discourse.On the contrary, if some people are of marginalized position in society, the words they say may be also marginalized and even ignored by the mainstream society.This is the so-called weak or disadvantaged discourse.“Powerful communities in society can exert an influence on comparatively weaker communities by discourse.”[10]In other words, the powerful discourse would threaten and even erode the weak discourse.However, whether a kind of discourse is strong or weak, this is not a fixed thing.During a period, this kind of discourse is dominant;later, another kind of discourse may gain an upper hand, with the result of breaking the original balance within discourse and set up a new balance.This can be called the inner change of discourse.

In the early days after A Dream of Red Mansions’s publication, the opponent voice from feudal ruling class was the powerful discourse while the favor from mass people was somewhat marginalized.The government, guarding for the interests of upper ruling class, rejected the novel stubbornly in the name of morality and social civility.Under the pressure of so-called“orthodox”, those people who gave their vote to this novel did not dare to put it on the table, and had to copy and discuss it secretly.Yet, with the development of society and culture, people changed their ways of thinking and began to appreciate it in a quite new way.The laudatory words gradually prevail and become powerful discourse which silences the opponent voice.During the process of balance-breaking and balance-rebuilding between strong discourse and weak discourse, A Dream of Red Mansions walks from the periphery of literature to the very center of it, and embraces its classical position indisputably.

4 Conclusion

Discourse has its own journey of development, which is the so-called discursive change.In a general sense, two factors contribute to the change-external cause and internal cause.The former includes society, culture, ideology and so on, whose change leads to the transformation in people’s-or more specifically, readers’way of thinking, and makes readers adopt a new way to elucidate the discourse which thus is able to keep rejuvenated and diversified and acquires new meaning.As to the inner cause, it refers to the interplaying impact within discourse.Strong discourse gradually expands its domain and eats up that of weak discourse, finally gaining the very dominant position.In this way, the thing that the powerful discourse refers to would accordingly achieves a solid position in society.Of course, it is certainly impossible to separate external factors and internal factors from each other.Actually, they are complementary to each other, with the former being a stimulus to the latter and coming into effect through the latter.Fairclough put forward three dimensions of discourse analysis, which are text, discursive practice and social practice.The three dimensions reflect three points of view in discourse analysis-text, readers and society, through which external causes and internal causes interweave with each other.

The process of A Dream of Red Mansions’s achieving its classical position in literature is actually the process of its discursive change.As a kind of discourse, this novel itself is all-embracing and can be called an encyclopedia of that time, which makes it possible to do multi-interpretations.More importantly, it is caught in the wide net of society and culture as well as ideology, swaying along with the tide of society.When the affirmative voice towards A Dream of Red Mansions becomes strong and presides over readers and critics, the discursive construction of the novel is finally accomplished.

参考文献

[1]郭豫适.红楼研究小史稿 (kolistan推荐书系, 红楼梦原著论著系列) [M].上海:上海文艺出版社, 1980:8, 165.

[2]Michel Foucault.The Archaeology of Knowledge[M].London:Routledge, 2002.

[3]常宗林.英汉语言文化学[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社, 2004:25.

[4]Norman Fairclough.Discourse and Social Change[M].Cambridge:Polity Press in association with Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 1992:62, 74, 78, 79, 86, 91.

[5]Yang Xianyi&Yang Gladys, Trans.A Dream of Red Mansions[M].Beijing:Foreign Languages Press, 1978:26.

[6]C.Mc Ginn.“How you think”, New York Review of Books[J].2007.9.

[7]Danny D.Steinberg&Hiroshi Nagata&David P.Aline.Psycholinguistics:Language, Mind and World, second edition[M].England:Pearson Education Limited, 2001:36.

[8]郭豫适.红楼研究小史续稿 (kolistan推荐书系, 红楼梦原著论著系列) [M].上海:上海文艺出版社, 1981:92, 94-95, 316.

[9]Wolfgang Teubert, Meaning, Discourse and Society[M].New York:Cambridge University Press, 2010:114, 122, 115.

3.微博营销挽救“失落的经典” 篇三

该创意视频制作方是《银河帝国》的出版方读客图书，据悉，(《银河帝国》曾击败托尔金的《魔戒》，被誉为“人类历史上最好看的系列小说”，但过去20年在中国的销量黯淡，堪称“失落的经典”。这一次借势微博，沉寂近20年的经典《银河帝国》突然大卖，这一现象引起业界热议。

《银河帝国》创意视频

7月2日上午10：26分，以“创意营销”著称的读客图书在其官方微博贴出了一条《银河帝国》的创意视频，短短半天工夫，该视频就被微博网友疯狂转发，在网上如潮水般蔓延开来。

视频中，本·拉登冲破《银河帝国》封面跳出来。很多人纳闷，本·拉登和小说《银河帝国》之间有什么关系?

原来，让本·拉登做《银河帝国》“代言人”并非没有来由。据悉，本·拉登是经典小说《银河帝国》的铁杆粉丝。《银河帝国》系列小说分为“基地系列”“机器人系列”“帝国系列”。9·11事件之后，英国《卫报》曾报道，本·拉登正是依据《银河帝国：基地》的战争策略，建立了同名恐怖组织——基地。

《银河帝国》出版60年来，对人类的太空探索、世界局势、前沿经济学理论、好莱坞电影都产生了深远的影响：1977年经典电影《星球大战》，偷取了本书构思；2009年史上最卖座电影《阿凡达》，抄袭了本书创意；2008年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者克鲁格曼则亲口承认，他的经济学理论来自《银河帝国》的启示……

《银河帝国》系列小说在美国创造了畅销神话，持续卖了60年，至今仍盘踞亚马逊网站科幻小说最畅销前100名榜单，累计销量超过5000万册。但就是这样一部经典巨著，在中国却遭遇了“滑铁卢”。

2012年，是《银河帝国》作者阿西莫夫逝世20周年，读客图书重金买下《银河帝国》小说版权，重新向中国读者推荐这套“讲述人类未来2万年历史”的经典小说，短短3个月，《银河帝国》新版销量已超过过去20年销量总和，这一畅销成绩令人咋舌。

借势微博，《银河帝国》大卖

读客图书这次借势微博，走出了一条令人炫目的“营销新路”，这条路的名字可以叫“封面复活之路”。首先是编辑在整理关于《银河帝国》的新闻资料时，发现了本·拉登、阿凡达、星球大战、诺奖得主克鲁格曼这四个人与《银河帝国》的关系，之后是封面设计师将这“四巨头”设计成了《银河帝国》的外封面，再之后又是编辑将这四个人与小说的关系写成了封面文案，勾起没有读过这套小说的读者的兴趣。

《银河帝国》的“四巨头”外封一经在微博上曝光，就引来一阵“怒评”，该书铁杆粉丝纷纷惊呼“受不了”，但就在这样的“反对声”中，《银河帝国》获得了空前的关注，销量一路上升。后来，读客图书又在微博上推出了一系列“四巨头”海报，与这套经典小说有关系的各界文化名人，如蔡康永、刘慈欣、马伯庸等都被拿来戏谑了一把，死忠阿迷更是忍无可忍。读客董事长华楠说：“这就是经典的魅力，什么是经典?经典就是经得起指指点点。”这次爆红的“本·拉登满血复活，代言畅销小说《银河帝国》”的创意视频，则将《银河帝国》的一系列营销活动推向了最高潮，一本书的封面“复活”了!不得不佩服出版机构的“折腾”能力，微博创意营销再次成为一个业界关注的热门话题。

有数据统计，微博用户已经超过2.5亿，借微博之势火起来的例子不胜枚举：电影《失恋33天》、小米手机、凡客……微博的很多优势，使得它传播性空前强大，成本空前降低。华楠说：“微博人群主要是白领和大学生，这部分人就是《银河帝国》的目标读者。这个视频的创意就脱胎于封面，把静态的封面拍成动态的视频，我们选择本·拉登、阿凡达、黑武士、诺奖得主克鲁格曼，是因为他们代表着影响力和知名度，通过他们来传播《银河帝国》。营销无定式，只要能向消费者提供乐趣或者购买价值，图书可以采用尽可能多的营销方式。”

只有好书才值得花血本推广

据悉，这则创意视频短短30秒，花费却高达16万人民币!读客图书的这一营销创意让很多读者拍案叫好，也让很多业内人士咂舌：图书是低毛利行业，所以大家很少能看到关于书的广告，如此花血本推广一本书，读客是不是疯了?

华楠称：“我们相信《银河帝国》一定能卖好，如此经典的一部巨著，在中国20多年，却一直没能卖起来，是件非常遗憾的事，我们花这么多钱来拍摄视频，就是希望通过各种各样的方法，让更多的读者能够看到这本书。只要是好书，我们就会尝试各种方法，不惜成本做推广。”

《银河帝国》的编辑许姗姗给笔者算了一笔账：“拍摄视频事宜半年前就开始准备了，选演员、买道具、化妆、拍摄……每个环节我们都精益求精。《星球大战》黑武士的服装我们专门联系了卢卡斯电影公司，邮购了一套原厂出品的服装，但因为太薄，穿上效果并不好。于是，我们又在国内多方联系厂家定制，光这一套衣服，价格就高达2万元。”在选演员方面，许姗姗介绍说：“阿凡达‘纳美人’造型，因为属于外星种族，所以在选演员时，对眼睛、鼻梁、身材方面要求很高，pass过40多个演员。片酬都是按小时支付，从进片场就开始计算。”

4.失落的经典语句 篇四

1、每次都这样，迷迷糊糊就站在自己完全无法掌握的位置后悔也来不及了。

2、当我的灵气变的无比强大时，我想要保护的人都已经不在了。

3、在甜蜜的感情不一定就是爱情。再美的风景，不一定就是想要停泊的港湾

4、待泪水未落前、伴着心痛回忆你，泪水模糊双眼，才好慢慢忘记！

5、不要妄想你能够猜透一个人，人心是最没有底线也最深不可测。

6、淡然而遇，随意而行。深深浅浅的思念在心。荣辱不惊，闲看门前花开花落，去留无意，漫随天外云卷云舒。

7、歌声形成的空间，任凭年华来去自由，所以依然保护着的人的容颜不曾改和一场庞大而没有落幕的恨。

8、凌乱的片断无法拼凑出完整记忆，残缺的字迹乱了碎了！把泪印满整片树叶，寻一个凋零的终结。

9、躲在某一时间，想念一段时光的掌纹；躲在某一地点，想念一个站在来路也站在去路的，让我牵挂的人。

10、我总是忘记自己的承诺，一遍一遍的对自己催眠！

11、我是一朵不开花的花尚未学会绽放，就已习于凋零。

12、手插口袋，谁都不爱…今生今世，我只是个戏子，永远在别人的故事里，流着自己的泪…什么叫快乐？就是掩饰自己的悲伤对每一个人微笑

13、人的一切都是为着不确定的东西而努力的。

14、依然习惯被爱的感觉，也许某天在喧哗的城市中，你我擦肩而过，我会停住脚步，凝望着那个正在远去的背影告诉自己，那个人……我曾经爱过。

15、就在那一瞬间，我仿佛听见了全世界崩溃的声音。

16、我努力寻找希望，深怕幸运就在身边，却被我粗心错过。

17、我总是以为自己是会对流失的时间和往事习惯的。不管在哪里，碰到谁。以什么样的方式结束。

18、总有太多的无奈围绕在身旁，让我们无尽感伤或许只有学会放弃，才能让人不再彷徨。

19、爱情是一个精心设计的谎言。

20、我心里空洞洞的。我感觉到好象全世界都抛弃了我。孤独，寂寞，失落、无助将我压的喘不过气来…我好想逃，逃到另一个世界去…

21、没有黑暗中的那盏光芒，我担心您像个小孩子一样怕黑怕迷路。

22、虽然我并不是你最重要的一个部分，但却不可或缺地一直跟着你。这，就够了。

23、当你真正爱一样东西的时候你就会发现语言多么的脆弱和无力。

24、天空的心情不代表着孤单，因为天空并不孤单，你看那形态多姿的云，那翱翔而过的鸟，还有风雨雷电，日月星辰，他们都有着无穷的.魅力，时时刻刻在变换天空的面孔，为那平静的蓝色增添了许多乐趣。

25、也许生命中会有许多此相遇，却只能选择擦肩而过，就像树叶，生长与坠落的过程原来也只是一个寂寞的轮回。

26、我喜欢冬天，因为白昼短暂而黑夜漫长，这样会有更多的时间来逃避。

27、记忆零落的恨，像被刀子划过叻的鱼鳞，囿些还畱在身体仩，囿些是掉在叻水里叻，讲水一搅，囿几片还会繙腾，闪烁，然而中间混着血丝。

28、没有我为您掌灯，您在回家的路上，会觉得难过吗？

29、假如有一天我们不在一起了，也要像在一起一样。

30、黑夜给了我黑色的眼睛，它却让我爱上黑夜给我的疼痛。

31、那是可以让我潸然泪下，让我用一生去交换的笑容。

32、承诺常常很像蝴蝶，美丽的飞盘旋然后不见。

33、那一夜，满天繁星，我确定你没有喊我。你为什么不喊我？再远，我都听得见

34、我们是具备离开情节的人，任何事情都以离开做为最后的解决方式，随时都在准备离开，接受离开，不去面对，不愿让新受到损耗。

5.失落的心情经典语录 篇五

2、那沉默千年的流星，背负着太多的愿望。

3、踮起脚尖，我们就能离幸福更近一点吗?

4、我能做的只是把悲伤掩饰得天衣无缝。

5、拖着麻木的身体，有说不出的酸楚。

6、有一些东西错过了，就一辈子错过了。

7、既然做不到，就不要给任何承诺。

8、最疼的疼是原谅，最黑的黑是绝望。

9、躲在万劫不复的街头、微笑参透覆水难收。

10、撕心裂肺的挽留，不过是心有不甘的表现。

11、过错，是短暂的遗憾;错过，是永久的遗憾。

12、有没有一个地方、让我可以不惧悲伤的躲藏!

13、伤口是别人给与的耻辱，自己坚持的幻觉。

14、用廉价的娱乐来消遣自己，也许会取代寂寞。

15、走过那些是是非非，结果到底是喜是悲…

16、有些人是可以被时间轻易抹去的，犹如尘土。

17、爱情使人忘记时间，时间也使人忘记爱情。

18、蹲下来抚摸自己的影子，对不起让你受委屈了。

19、连时间都洗刷不掉的感情，就真的无可救药了。

20、我画不出我自己，这样的自拟，除了空还是空。

21、应该是你突然点醒我，而我，还在原地徘徊着。

22、结局和过程都有了，再去纠缠，连自己都觉得贪婪。

23、心痛的声音，你听不到，愚昧的我还在等什么呢?

24、当赤道留住雪花眼泪融掉细砂你肯珍惜我吗?

25、曾想过，只要你愿意走1步，剩下的99步我来走。

26、总是需要一些温暖，哪怕是一点点自以为是的纪念。

27、千年的等待，却只换来一句：你的爱早已不在!

28、有时候、勇敢地哭出来、也是坚强的一种表现。

29、不想我和你之间也变得如此不真实，如此不切实际。

30、绘一场生死契阔的游戏、为我们的故事写一个结局。

31、在她的心里潜伏着一个深渊，扔下巨石也发不出声音。

32、从我遇见你的那天起，我所做的每一件事，都是为了靠近你。

33、失去的东西，其实从来未曾真正地属于你，也不必惋惜。

34、一个人的单程旅途，一个人的朝朝暮暮，一个人的韶华倾负。

35、我爱你时，你才那么闪耀，我不爱你时，你什么都不是。

36、许多人在重组自己的偏见时，还以为自己是在思考。

37、学会忘记、懂得放弃。你那么的不小心、我又何必痴情。

38、轻轻地、不想打扰你。可惜还是碰到了让我伤痛的记忆!

39、在这个世界上，所有真性情的人，想法总是与众不同。

40、不能在一起就不能在一起吧，其实一辈子也没那么长。

41、在这世上珍贵的东西总是罕有，所以这世上只有一个你。

42、容易伤害别人和自己的，总是对距离的边缘模糊不清的人。

43、你走的那天，我决定不掉泪，迎着风撑着眼帘用力不眨眼。

44、像我这样的女人，总是以一个难题的形式出现在感情里。

45、看月光晴朗，请你千万别遗忘，有些光芒即使微亮绝不退让。

46、男人在穷的时候，女人在长的丑的时候爱情承诺是可靠的。

47、用爱唤醒正在沉睡的心、让早已干涸的心再次涌起爱的源泉。

48、我大概是一只鸟。充满了警觉，不容易停留。所以一直在飞。

49、故事写在纸上总有一个结局，故事写在心里是无人知道的结局。

6.形容心情失落的经典语句 篇六

不知道是我自己的原因仍是天色原因，最近脾气暴躁的很厉害，自己很想出往哪里晃荡一下，想往家乡海边玩一两天，可是最近资金很紧缺，没有办法，只能这样的压抑自己了。

不知道为什么最近总感觉心情特别的烦躁,就想找个地方可以发泄一下.工作的压力太大了吧?哎,我自己都不知道.以前的我是很有***很有动力的.可是现在却感觉好失踪样的.

带著一根烟.浪迹天涯。

当眼泪流下来，才知道，分开也是另一种明白。

多谢你的绝情，让我学会死心。

风心上物，本为风骚出。看取薄情人，罗衣无此痕.经典语句大全.

寂寞、代表着一个人的悲伤和痛苦，寂寞、代表着一个人的心机和思维。

苦恋三载成泡影，无可奈何泪沾襟。相形自惭愧对人，收拾雄心仍追君。

狂风暴雨，我在大街上行走!夜里，我常常与朋友举杯!天天睡懒觉，不想面对残酷的事实!

落入花花世界，飘飘茫茫，我心依旧飘荡。天空色彩依旧，气息依然芬芳，而我却不知其果然。掉入情感的深渊，我欲冲破光明，黎明却阻挡了我的视线。而我越挫越勇，突破思想局限。

木头对火说:“抱我”!火拥抱了木头`木头微笑着化为灰烬!火哭了!泪水熄灭了自己……当木头爱上烈火注定会被烧伤。

你走的那天，我决定不掉泪，迎着风撑着眼帘用力不眨眼。

如果没有别离成长也就无所附丽. 经典语句.

我们明明都会料到事情的结局，却要走一段很远的.行程去探索它的意义，我们的路途，不过是在毫无意义的上演一个闹剧的圆。

我却要花一生的精力去忘记，去与想念与希望斗争;事情从来都不公平，我在玩一场必输的赌局，赔上一生的情动。

想念只是一种仪式.真正的记忆与生俱来.

直接的说：沃狠失落。

只有记忆成了身外之物,我们才可以在这陵园一样的人间,走得远些。

总有太多的无奈围绕在身旁，让我们无尽感伤或许只有学会放弃，才能让人不再彷徨。