高考英语一轮复习语法（共8篇）
1.高考英语一轮复习语法 篇一
英语能否说a parent
问，英语是否可以说 a parent
■英语完全可以说 a parent。
■parent的意思是“父亲”或“母亲”，指父母两人当中的一个，所以若说 a parent，指的就是“父亲”或“母亲”，尽管我们在汉语翻译时表父母表示。如：
Would you intervene if you saw a parent hit a child?要是你看见家长打孩子，你会干预吗？——摘自《美国当代英语学习词典》
A grandparent’s job is easier than a parent’s.祖父母的任务比父母的任务轻松一些。——摘自《牛津英语用法指南》第二版
The death of a parent can cause long-lasting psychological damage.父母亲有一方去世都会给子女造成长久的心理伤害。——摘自《朗文当代高级英语词典》第四版
There’s nothing worse than for a parent to ill-treat a child.没有什么比父母虐待自己的小孩那样更糟糕。——摘自《朗文当代高级英语词典》第四版
■若同时指父亲和母亲，即指父母双亲，要用复数形式parents。如：
My parents both work in education.我父母都从事教育工作。
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.儿童的衣食靠父母。
The tired children trailed along behind their parents.孩子们累了，没精打采地跟在父母后面。
■归纳：a parent指父亲或母亲，parent指父亲和母亲。注意其中的“或”与“和”。
2.高考英语一轮复习语法 篇二
一、分割定语从句 (朗读并翻译下列句子, 认真查看定语
从句的特点:
1.I was the only person in my off ice who was invited.
2.Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to see you ?
3.The day will surely come when everybody realizes the danger of pollution.
4.He arrived in Jinzhou in 1984, Where he became a manager some years later.
5.China has produced many great writers over the past ten years , among whom was Mo Yan.
要点归纳:分割定语从句, 先行词余定语从句被其他成分分割时, 首先要根据句子意义确定先行词和定语从句, 然后选择合适的关系词。
二、含有插入语的定语从句
1. Ahead of me I saw a woman who I thought was my aunt.
2.I will hire the man who they say is a good English speaker.
3.The girl who you suppose is honest is her sister.
要点归纳:关系词后含有插入语you think /suppose /believe/imagine/say/guess等地定语从句中, 确定关系词在从句中的成分时, 要先去掉插入语, 然后再确定句子成分, 不要受插入语的影响。
三、定语从句与并列从句的区别
1.MR Li has three daughters, none of whom is an engineer.
2.Mr Li has three daughters, but none of them is a dancer.
3.Mr Li has three daughters; none/they are doctors.
要点归纳:并列句用but , and, 或分号连接;定语句子用关系词来引导, 关系词具有两个作用, 一是放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接主语和从句的作用, 二时充当从句的一个成分。
四、where定语从句where状语从句的区别
1.He left the key where he had been an hour before . (状语从句)
2.He left the place where lived for many years. (定语从句)
3.Rice grows well where there is enough water. (状语从句)
4.I still remember the farm where/on which my parents worked the years ago. (定语从句)
要点归纳:where引导的定语从句用来修饰表示地点意义的名词或代词, 可以改成介词+which;where引导的地点状语从句用来修饰动词, 表示动作发生或存在的地点, 不可以改成介词+which;做题时, 先根据句意确定有无先行词。如有, 是定语从句, 无则是状语从句。
五、定语从句与强调句的区别
1.It is on the morning of May 1st that I met John at the airport. (强调句)
2.It is the factory where /in which John works. (定语从句)
3.It is in Qingdao you’re going to pay a visit to that this kind of washing machine is produced . (强调句)
4.It was in Beihai Park where they made a date for the first time that the old couple told us their love story. (强调句)
5.——Wasn’t it Doctor Wang who spoke to you just now?
——Yes, it was. (定语从句)
要点归纳:定语从句去掉it be …that句子不完整;强调句去掉it be …that句子完整。有时强调句还以省略形式出现例如2就是省略了强调句。
六、定语从句与结果状语从句的区别
1.I have the same computer as you have. (定语从句)
2.She is such a kind girl that all of us like to make friends with her. (结果状语从句)
3.He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect. (定语从句)
4.He is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him. (结果状语从句)
要点归纳:such/the same …as中, as是关系代词, 其后句子不完整。as在从句中充当成分 (主语, 宾语或表语) ;such…that结果状语从句中, 其后句子是完整的, that只起连接作用。
七、that引导同位语从句与that引导定语从句区别
1.The text tells me a fact (that) I have already known. (定语从句)
2 . T h e t e x t t e l l s m e a f a c t t h a t s m o k i n g d o e s h a r m t o people’s health. (同位语从句)
3.The news that he told me yesterday made me surprised. (定语从句)
4.The news that he had passed the exam made me surprised. (同位语从句)
要点归纳: t h a t连接同位语从句常放在抽象名词 (news, fact, idea, suggestion , advice, hope) 等之后, 表明抽象名词具体内容, 中间加be可以理解。同位语从句本身句子完整, that无意义, 只起连接作用, 不在从句中作任何成分, 不能省略, 也不可用which代替;that引导定语从句, 定语从句句子不完整, that是关系代词, 它在从句中不但起连接作用, 同时在从句中做成分 (主语, 宾语或表语) , 做宾语时可以省略, 指物时还可以用which代替, 指人时常用who代替。
八、it, was与that三种句型的转换
1.What is well known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games were a great success.
2.It is well known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games were a great success.
3.As is well known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games were a great success.
九、结束语
3.高考英语一轮复习语法 篇三
“七选五”阅读解读，其实拿满分没那么难
文 徐鸿鸣
全国新课标卷中的“七选五”阅读始于2012年，是近年出现的新题型，对来自独立命题省份而将参加2016年全国卷的高三学生而言，“七选五”还稍显陌生。在高一和高二（上）的时候还在大量练习原有题型，高二（下）时开始半信半疑地练习新题型，而此时也只能是熟悉命题要求、了解简单的答题方法。现在到了高三，原来的高二学生已经变成了2016眉准高考考生了，对这些新题型必须从根本上进行认识和了解。
认识题型，转变意识从容应对
在三种新题型当中，“七选五”相对语法填空和短文改错而言，篇幅更长、要求更高、难度更大。更由于其有别于其他四篇阅读的特点（没有针对具体问题的设题和选项，而是根据全文补全所缺语句），很多同学对其产生不适应感甚至恐惧感。事实上相比其他四篇阅读，“七选五”应稍显容易。该文章多为200-300词的一篇说明文、议论文或记叙文。文章的中心思想及备段落主旨非常清晰，月结构、层次分明。很多情况下，5个空缺的语句备属一个层面，比较容易判断。不像其他四篇阅读还得经过推理判断、寻找信息并对信息进行归纳、判断、分析或比较，有的甚至还需对词义、句意进行理解。
“七选五”是基于语篇的填空式信息匹配，主要考查考生对文章结构、内容以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题思路体现了《课程标准》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力”的理念。“七选五”主要就以下几个方面考查学生的语用能力：
1.对文章写作结构和脉络层次的理解；
2.对文章事实信息和情节发展的理解；
3.对作者的写作意图、观点和态度的理解。
依照这一要求，“七选五”的考点多是根据语境推理选出承接上下文的句子，以及选出能总结、概括全文或各个阶段的句子或小标题。七个备选项大致涉及主旨概括甸（文章整体内容）、过渡性甸子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
因此作为“准考生”，同学们必须从心理上开始适应这一新题型的要求。做题时应按照考试的要求而不是随意性地做适应性练习。一篇“七选五”的文章应严格控制在七分钟左右时间内完成，跟做其他阅读一样，集中注意力，控制好时间、节奏，调动思维，一气呵成。
命题特点及解题思路，掌握设题的结构框架
七选五在文中的设空有三种形式：设在段首、设在段中、设在段尾。
设在段首
设在段酋的句子一般都是本段落的主旨体现。因此答题时务必先熟读本段落，了解其主旨大意，而后从备选项中找出能够体现这一段落主旨大意的选项。如：2015年全国新课标卷l：
38 Having confidence in your-self will help you make better choicesbecause you can see what the bestoutcome would be for your well-being.
39If you've been betrayed，youare the victim of your circumstance.But there's a difference between be-ing a victim and living with a"victimmentality".At some point in all of ourlives.we'll have our trust tested or vi-olated.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence insomeone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as thevictim.
D. Remember that you can ex-pect the best in return.
E. They've been too badly hurtand they can't bear to let it happenagain.
F. This knowledge carries over intheir attitude toward their future rela-tionships.
G. Seeing the positive side ofthings doesn't mean you're ignoringwhat happened.
解析
38.A.本段主要讲述一个人要学会信任自己。选项A-Learn to re-ally trust yourself正好反映这一主旨。
39.C.本段主要讲述当自己受到挫折或遇到欺骗时不要总认定自己是受害者。选项C“不要认为自己是受害者”即本段主旨的体现.
设在段中
4.届高考英语第一轮复习教案4 篇四
1.prime minister
2.rather than
3.settle down
4.manage to do …
5.catch sight of
6.have a gift for (doing) sth.
7.in the distance
8.be on a trip to
9.on the atlantic coast
10.at the airport
11.on the way to
12.in less than five days
13.be surrounded by/ with
14.be famous for …
15. compete in
16. go through
17.at the top of
18.be surprised at
19.any other country in the world
20.leave for
21.go on a tour/trip
22.flow into
23.as far as
24.at dawn
25. the second largest country
26. from coast to coast
27. aboard the train
28. settle down in the seat
29. leave for another city
30. on the south side of the lake
重点词汇
1.surround
the town is surrounded by hills.
2.mix
shake the bottle well so that the oil _mixes with__ the vinegar.
3.confirm
we can confirm a room for next saturday.
/we can confirm that there will be a room for next saturday.
4.impress
the book _didn’t impress me__. (没有给我留下印象)
_we are very impressed with/by__(给我们留下深刻印象)the children’s work.
5.manage
how did you manage to persuade him?
重点句型
1. as far as
we went as far as the hospital.
as far as i know, the boy has a gift for painting.
2. settle down
he intended to settle his brothers down in the city.
3. rather than
this pair of shoes is comfortable rather than pretty.
4.名词性从句
_what impressed us______(使我们印象最深刻的) of the country was its beautiful language.
there is no doubt that he has settled down in canada.
5.高考英语一轮复习语法 篇五
5北京2013届高考英语第一轮复习
1课时作业(二十七)[选修模块8 Unit 4 Films and film events]
[限时：30分钟]
Ⅰ.语法填空
1．________ are that our team will finish at the top of the league table as our remaining matches aren’t too difficult.A．OpportunitiesB．Possibilities
C．ChancesD．Satisfactions
2．The rain was heavy，but ________ our fears，our fields were not flooded.A．in line withB．in defence of
C．contrary toD．concerned about
3． Clinical evidence began to________，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.A．operateB．strengthen
C．approveD．accumulate
4． It’s not what we do once in a while ________ shapes our lives，but what we do consistently.A．whichB．that
C．howD．when
5．________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.A．ExposedB．Having exposed
C．Being exposedD．To expose
6．The surgeon________ his excellent skill in carrying out the operation.A．representedB．instructed
C．demonstratedD．exhibited
7．________ in a recent speech contest，Li Hua was awarded 200 yuan，which was ________ to him because he could use it to buy a dictionary.A．Judging the best；very important
B．Being judged the best；great importance
C．Judged the best；of great importance
D．Judged the best；great important
8．Just as the clothes a person wears，the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time，his house ________ his personality.A．resemblesB．strengthens
C．reflectsD．shapes
9．I’d like to share a story ________ music overcomes a physical barrier and makes a connection with a young student.A．whichB．that
C．whenD．where
10．To the great________of the citizens，no one else was infected with H1N1 except the 12 confirmed cases.A.relaxationB．disappointment
C．reliefD．surprise
11．—I’ve never found a better job.北京1对1上门家教品牌家教电话：010—62561255
—________.A．Good luckB．Too bad
C．CongratulationsD．Don’t worry
12．The accused was reported ________ that he had robbed the old lady of her gold necklace.A．to admitB．to have admitted
C．to be admittingD．that she had admitted
13．The old man who ________ in the deserted house alone for ten years has been settled in a nursing home now.A．livedB．had lived
C．has livedD．has been living
14．She didn’t mention her troubles to Professor Raskin，who might have helped her ________.A．insteadB．either
C．otherwiseD．anyhow
15．I really admire how ________ she is to ________ the rights and dignity(尊严)of women.A．devoted；defending
B．devoting；defend
C．devoted；defend
D．devoting；defending
Ⅱ.完形填空(二)
A walking robot maid which can clean a home, dump clothes in a washing machine and even heat food in a microwave has been developed by South Korean scientists.Mahru－Z has a human－like16.________including a rotating head, arms, legs and six fingers plus three－dimensional vision to recognize chores(家庭杂事)that need to be
17.________with, media reports said on Monday.“The most distinctive strength of Mahru－Z18.________its visual ability to observe objects, recognize the tasks needed to be completed, and carry19.________out，”You Bum－Jae, head of the cognitive(认知)robot centre at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology, told the Korea Times.“It recognizes people, can turn on microwave ovens, washing machines and toasters, and also pick up sandwiches, cups20.________whatever else it senses as objects.”
The institute took two years to develop Mahru－Z,21.________is 1.3 metres tall and weighs 55 kilograms.It could also work with an earlier maid robot called Marhu－M which moves on wheels, since both can be remotely controlled through a computer server.22.________from dealing with chores, researchers say Mahru－Z can also be used in conditions too difficult or dangerous for humans.But mass production for commercial23.________is still on the way.Ⅲ.阅读理解
Life comes in a package.This package includes happiness and sorrow, failure and success, hope and despair.Life is a learning process.Experiences in life teach us new lessons and make us a better person.With each passing day we learn to handle various situations.Love
Love plays a pivotal role in our life.Love makes you feel wanted.Without love a person could go hayward(不归路)and also become cruel and ferocious.In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who show us with unconditional love and care;they teach us about what is
right and wrong, good and bad.But we always tend to take this for granted.It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others’ feelings.Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understand life better.Happiness and Sorrow
Materialistic happiness is short－lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others’ face gives a certain level of fulfillment.Peace of mind is the main link to happiness.No mind is happy without peace.We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow.Sorrow is basically due to death of a loved one, failure and despair.But these things are temporary and pass away.Failure and Success
Failure is the path to success.It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way.Success brings in money, fame, pride and self－respect.Here it becomes very important to keep our head on our shoulder.The only way to show our gratitude to God for bestowing success on us is by being humble, modest, courteous and respectful to the less fortunate ones.Hope and Despair
Hope is what keeps life going.Parents always hope their children will do well.Hope makes us dream.Hope builds in patience.Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there is a day.Nothing remains the same.We have only one choice keep moving on in life and be hopeful.Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control.Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dull.24．In the passage, the author compares life to ________.A．a packageB．joy and sorrow
C．failure and successD．hope and despair
25．In which section can readers probably read the passage?
A．Opinions.B．Politics.C．Education.D．Lifestyles.26．How is the passage organized?
A．In order of rules.B．In order of frequency.C．By making comparison.D．In order of importance.27．What’s the general meaning of the last sentence of the whole passage?
A．If you work hard, you’ll have a better life in the future.B．When choosing between “today” and “tomorrow”，you’d better enjoy tomorrow.C．What you only can choose is to work hard today rather than tomorrow.D．Enjoying a better tomorrow is your only choice.28．What’s the purpose of the passage?
A．To encourage people to love each other.B．To tell people how to deal with happiness and sorrow.C．To remind people of keeping having a beautiful dream.D．To give readers some information about life.课时作业(二十七)
Ⅰ.1.C chances are that„为固定句型，意为“很有可能„„”，that引导同位语从句。
2．C 本题考查动词短语辨析。contrary to表示“和(我们所害怕的)相反”。in line with成一直线；in defence of保卫；concerned about担心。
3．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：临床证据开始增多，而这些证据表明，与之前在动物身上进行试验的预期(的效果)相比，这种新药可适用于更加广泛的有益的活动。strengthen加强；approve赞成；operate动手术，操作。根据语境只有D项“积累”符合语义表达。
4．B 本题考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，题干为强调句型，被强调部分为what引导的主语从句。句意为：并非我们偶尔为之的事情塑造我们的生活，而是我们一贯之行造就我们的生活。
5．C 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作主语，故用动名词结构。
6．C 考查动词辨析。句意为：那个外科医生在手术中展示了他的精湛的技能。A.“代表”；B.“指示”； C．“展示，演示”；D“陈列，展出”。
7．C 考查非谓语动词和be of＋抽象名词结构。第一空为分词短语作原因状语，因与其逻辑主语Li Hua是被动关系，故用过去分词；根据“be of great importance＝be very important”，可判断第二空可用of great importance或very important。
8．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意为：“就好像一个人穿什么，吃什么，以及和什么样的人交往能反映人的个性一样，一个人的住房也是如此。”要选一个表示“反映”的词，就是reflect.“resemble”＝look like;“strengthen”表示“加强，巩固”；“shape”作动词表示“塑形”．
9．D 此空引导定语从句且在从句中作地点状语，故选D。
10．A 考查名词辨析，句意为：令居民们大为放松的是，除312个已证实的病例外，没有别人受H1H2的感染，relaxation意为“放松”，符合题意，disappointment意为“失望”，relief意为“(痛苦，负担等)缓和；轻松”；surprise意为“惊讶”。
11．C 考查日常交际用语。此处表示祝贺他人找到工作。
12．B 考查非谓语动词。句意为：据报道被告已经承认他抢了那位老太太的金项链。由句意可知，“承认”这个动作发生在“was reported”之前，故用不定式的完成式。
13．A 考查动词时态的用法。句意为“那个在孤零零的房子里独居了10年的老人现在已经搬进了养老院。”独居10年是过去的动作，和现在搬进养老院进行对比，所以使用一般过去时，故选A。
14．C 考查副词辨析。otherwise意为“否则，要不然”。句意为：她没有和拉斯金教授提自己的麻烦，要不然拉斯金教授或许能帮她。
15．A 考查句型be devoted to doing sth.专心致志于，献身于，忠于。可将题干理解为she is how devoted to defending the rights and dignity of women.Ⅱ.16.body Mahru－Z有一个像人似的身体。
17．dealt 需要被处理的家庭杂事。deal with 对待，对付，处理。
18．is 该空用is，构成主系表结构。
19．them 此处指“the tasks”，故填them。
20．and 此处表并列关系，故填and。
21．which 该空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Mahru－Z，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
22．Apart apart from 除„„之外。
23．use commercial use商业用途。
Ⅲ.24.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Life comes in a package.得出答案。
25．C 推理判断题。本文属于一篇励志教育的短文，根据其主要意思可以确定其来源应该是“教育栏目”，而其他几个选项所应涉及的不是这类话题。
26．C 文章结构题。考查短文是怎样组织的，从几个小标题Happiness and Sorrow，Failure and Success 和Hope and Despair可以看出，作者使用的是“对比或比较”的方式写作的。
27．A句意猜测题。句中alternative是“选择”的意思，整句意思和A项接近。
6.高考英语一轮复习语法 篇六
1．高考高频动词短语
（1）act短语：
act as 担任……职务，起……作用
act out 表演（对话、故事等）
例如：
act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事）act up 捣乱，出毛病
I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen.Mr Black is acting for the old man in his case.(布莱克先生代那个老人处理他的案件。)The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus.He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot.（2）break短语：
break away 摆脱，脱离
break away from … 脱离……，奋力挣脱…… break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解
break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入
break into … 闯入……，破门而入
break(sth)off（使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止 break out（战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发 break out in tears 突然大哭
break the rule 违反规定 break through 突围，冲跨
例如: The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught.If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner or later.The car broke down just on my way here.If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off.If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off.She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup.I broke off the conversation and answered the phone.Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? It may take a long time to break through the problem.In spring the icebergs begin to break up.（3）bring短语：
bring about 引起，导致，使发生
bring along 把……带来，领来
bring back 拿回来，使恢复
bring sb back 送回某人 bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼，使……苏醒（比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒）
bring down 使……降低，减少，使……倒下，使……落下
bring down / up(the price)降价／提价 [比较：(the price)go down / up 价格下降 /上涨] bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收
bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进
bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出 bring to 使苏醒
bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用
bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施……（比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实施）bring up 抚养，培养，哺育 例如：
break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.You’re welcome to bring along a friend.The government hopes these measures will help to bring down inflation(通货膨胀).American country music brings in more than $10 billion each year.This new kind of technology was brought in in the early 1980s.Stress can bring on(=lead to / result in)headaches and other illnesses.Jenny opened the cupboard and brought out a couple of bottles.He was brought up by his grandparents.（4）call短语：
call at(sp)访问（某地），拜访（某地）[比较：call on(sb)拜访（某人），访问（某人）] call back 回电话
call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人，接走某人 call / shout for help 呼救
call in 请来，召集，来访，打电话
call off 取消
call on / upon 号召
call out 大声呼喊，叫喊
call sb…for short 简称某人……
call sb names 谩骂某人
call up 给……打电话，使人想起，号召例如：
We called at Mike’s house yesterday.All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in English.I’ll call for my uncle at Beijing Railway Station.Let’s call in a doctor for the little girl.Many of these songs called on / upon the workers to take up the struggle.I shall call on him tomorrow.I heard somebody calling out to me from downstairs.Call me up tomorrow;my number is 536291.Your letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago.Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting has been called off.（5）come短语：
come about 发生，产生
come across 偶然相遇
come along 来，随同，进展，加油
come at … 向……袭击 come back 回来，想起来，复活 come down 下来，下落，传下
come down to… 到达，从一处来到另一处 come for… 来拿，来取
come from… 来自，出生于
come in 进来，进入
come into being 形成，产生
come into use 使用起来
come off 脱落，从……离开
come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快
come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见，偶然碰上，偶然发现
come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发（芽），（花）开 come over to… 过来，顺便来访，从一个地方来到另一个地方 come round / around（非正式）来访，串门
come to … 来到，出现，提及，达到，共计，结果是，苏醒 come to an end 结束，终止
come to know 逐渐地知道
come to life（变得）活泼，苏醒过来 come to light 显露，为人所知 come to oneself 苏醒过来，恢复知觉
come to / into power 当权，上台
come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to terms with… 甘心忍受
come true 变为现实，成为事实
come up 被提出，上来，走来，上升，抬头，长出来 come up to sb 朝某人走来
come up with … 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上 例如：
A number of educational reforms have come about as a result of the report.I came across an old friend of mine in the street the other day.Your English is coming along really well.Come along / on!Don’t give up yet!Come along / on!We’re all waiting for you!Suddenly, he came at me with a knife.Now, let’s come back to what I was saying a moment ago.It is impossible for a dead animal to come back.Snow was coming down so thickly that I could hardly see through the window.The airplane came down in that field.Where does the film star come from, do you know?
Mr Smith came in in a hurry, book in hand(= with a book in his hand).The law first came into being in 1912.By the time he came to / into power in 1951, he was already seventy.How long is it since the electronic computer came into use? The button came off, but he didn’t notice it.There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day.The trees turn green and flowers come out.This magazine comes out once a month.Why don’t you come around / round for lunch?
Some day you’ll come to know the mistakes you have made.If they don’t come to a decision by midnight, the talks will be abandoned.I’ve forgotten her name, but maybe it’ll come to me later.The bill came to £480 in total.His dream of becoming a film star came true at last.A child came up to me and showed me the way.The same problems came up at the meeting yesterday.They came up with the same problems at the meeting yesterday.Searching through the drawer, I came upon the letter I’d been looking for.（6）cut短语：
cut away 切除，剪去
cut down 砍倒，砍下，削减
cut in 插嘴，加塞，插入
cut in line 插队
cut … into pieces / halves 把……切成碎片/切成两半 cut off 切断（线路），中断（供应）
cut the cost of … 降低……的成本
例如：
cut out 删除，剪下来
cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齐根切掉
He cut away some branches, making it look more beautiful.A lot of trees there were cut down in the past.The electricity was cut off because of the storm.He was sentenced to death and had his head cut off the next day.Could you cut the pizza up, please?（7）do短语：
do about 处理，应付
do a good deed 做一件好事
do a test 做实验，做化验
do and don’t 要与不要
do a lot of walking 走很多路
do a word puzzle 猜字谜
do away with 废除
do chores 处理琐事，干家务 do make-up 化妆，打扮
do one’s best 尽某人最大努力
do an experiment / experiments 做实验
do body-building 做健身操
do housework 做家务活
do observations 观察
do one’s homework 做作业
do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙
do research on… 从事……研究工作
do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意 do sb the favour to do sth 帮某人一个忙做某事 do some reading 读书，阅读，看点书
do some shopping = go shopping 购物，买东西
do sports = have / play sports = take exercise 进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼 do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事 do telephone interviews 进行电话采访
do the laundry 洗衣服
do up 打扮，梳妆，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好 do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头 do up the button 扣纽扣
do well / better in… 在……方面干得好/更好
do with 处理，处臵，对付
do wrong 做坏事，做错事（比较：do right = do the right thing 做得对）
例如：
To tell the truth, I don’t know how to do with him.I’ll have nothing to do with him from now on.What did you do with that camera you found? The poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.Eat more fruit;it will do good to you.I think I can do better in English this year than last year.Liszt said, “You’ve done wrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it.” I’m going to do my best this year.I was only trying to do a good deed.（8）get短语：
get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中国 get a full mark / full marks 得满分
get a lot of satisfaction 得到满足
get at 意指，本意是
get around = get about 四处走动，活动
get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离
get away from 逃脱，逃离 get back 回来，回家，取回，找回，退还 get close to 接近
get down on one’s knees 跪下
get in 进入，收获，达到
get into… 进入……
get down 下来，降下
get down to(doing)sth 开始（做）某事）get in a word 插话
get sb into… 使某人陷入
get it 接（电话），应（门），理解，懂得 get off 下车，脱下（衣服等）
get on 上车，过活
get on / along with… 进展，与……相处 get on one’s feet（艰难地）站立起来
get out 离开，出去
get out of 逃避，避免
get over 克服，恢复，原谅
get up 起床，起身
get across 理解，度过 get through 接通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试）
get to 到达，抵达
get to sleep 入睡，设法睡着 get / gain / take possession of 占有，拥有，占领 get ready for 为……做准备
（比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 为……做好了准备）get rid of 除掉，去掉
get the idea for… 想到……的主意
get sb to do 让某人做
get the message across 传播信息
get together 相聚，碰头，联欢
get / be used to sth习惯于……，适应于……（比较：be used as sth 被用作……
be used for sth 被用于……，用来做…… be used to do sth 被用于做……
used to do sth 过去常常做）
get / be dressed 穿衣服
get / be engaged(to sb)（与某人）订婚 get / be lost 丢失了，迷路
get / be married(to sb)= marry(sb)（与某人）结婚 get / be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难 get / be tired of 对……感到厌倦，对……失去兴趣（比较：get / be tired for 因……而感到疲倦）例如：
I’m getting on well with my classmates now.How are you getting along with your English? He got the book away from her.The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.When did you get back from the countryside? Have you got back the book you lent him? “Get down on your knees,” said the Genie, “for I am going to kill you.” The dust has got into my eyes.This mistake may get him into difficulties.Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits.If you knock into someone, or get into his way, you should say, “Excuse me.” or “I’m sorry.” When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine.The conductor got off and checked the rails.She got on her bicycle and cycled off.You work too hard!You should get out a bit more.If you don’t want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket.We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海关).I telephoned him, but I just couldn’t get through to him.She felt so cold that she got close to her mother.It’s time we got down to work.The theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get in.The peasants are busy getting in the crops.We didn’t get up until lunch time.He got up and walked over to the window.（9）give短语：
give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发
give back 归还，送回
give in 投降，让步，屈服
give off 释放，发出，放出(烟、光、热等)give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放
give over = hand over 转交，移交
give up 放弃，辞去
give a description of… 描述…… give a talk 演讲，做报告
give close attention to 密切关注
give shade in summer 夏天时遮阳
give a concert 开音乐会
give / make a speech 演讲，讲话 give birth to 生婴儿，生产，造成
give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗 give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助
give sb a message = give a message to sb 给某人捎个口信 give sb a second look 再看某人一眼
give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人 give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就……向某人提出建议/忠告 例如：
In those days, he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend.Remember not to give it away to anyone else;it’s a secret.Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.If they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases.When they made ready to climb the next ridge(山脊), they found that their oxygen had given out.Our English teacher is giving out the test papers.Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride.All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped.Mary had to give up her job after her marriage.Mr Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon.Could you give us some advice on reading? If you won’t have it changed, please give my money back.（10）go短语：
go abroad 出国
go about 四处走走，开始做，着手干
go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访 go against 违反，违背 go ahead 说吧，干吧，领先，走在前面
go / walk around 四处走走
go away 走开，离去
go beyond 超越
go back 回去
go by 走过，经过，（时间）消逝，过去
go down 下来，落下，倒下
go down on one’s knees 跪下
go for 为……去，努力获取，主张，适用于
go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行
go for a job interview 去面试找工作
go for sb 对某人也一样
go into 详细调查
go off 走开，离去，（闹钟）闹响
go for a walk / walks 散步
go in for 参加，喜欢
go into details 细说
go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去
go off the air 停止广播（比较：go on the air 开始广播）
go on 发生，进行，继续
go / be on diet 在节食
go on(a)holiday 去度假
go on a visit to 去……访问（参观）
go on a tour to 去……观光（游览）go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一事）
[比较：go on to do sth 继续做某事（另一事）
go on with sth 继续某事] go out 熄灭，出去，外出
go over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅
go past 从……的旁边过去
go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登 go with… 与……相配
go without 忍受没有……之苦，没有……也行，没有……也能勉强应付
go shopping / fishing / sailing / camping / skating 去购物/钓鱼/驾船航行/宿营/滑冰
go straight along 沿着……一直往前走
go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查 go through with 完成go to bed（上床）睡觉 go to sea 当水手
go to town 进城
go to school / work 上学/上班 go to sleep 入睡 go to a movie 去看电影 go home / there 回家/去那儿 go bad 变坏
go to the country(side)下乡
go to see a doctor 去看病，去看医生
go wrong 出毛病，不对头，做错事，误入歧途 go Dutch 各付各的帐，平摊费用 例如：
No one dared to go against the rules.—Do you mind if I open the window? / Do you mind my opening the window? —No, go ahead.I went away /off wondering if I’d said anything wrong.I’m afraid the fish has gone bad.Things will get easier as time goes by.He went by quickly, taking no notice of us.If you really want the job, go for it!Close all the doors and lock them when you go out.The same goes for windows.I go in for all the competitions.After a short pause, Maria went on with her story.Suddenly the candle went out.Once again I went over exactly what I needed to say.Let’s go over what we learned last period.Do you want me to go through this and check your spellings? Unemployment in that country has gone up by a million.It is possible to go without food for a few days.Something’s gone wrong with my watch;I must have it repaired.（11）have短语：
have a break 休息一下
have a bright future 有一个灿烂的未来
have(got)a cold / cough / headache / fever 感冒/咳嗽/头疼/发烧 have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈
[比较：have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话
have a talk with sb(about sth)（就某事）与某人进行交流
have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句，跟某人说句话]
have a gift for… 对……有天赋（比较：have a reputation for… 有……名誉/名声）have a good flight（坐飞机）旅途愉快
have a good knowledge of … 对……很熟悉，通晓…… have a good laugh over… 对……笑了个够
have a good / great / wonderful time = have(great)fun 玩得（非常）高兴，过得愉快 have a / the habit of …= be in a / the habit of… 有……的习惯（比较：get into / form the habit of… 养成……的习惯
get sb into the habit of… 使某人养成……的习惯）have a hit 风靡一时
have a large population 人口众多 have / take a look 看一看
have a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会 have a nice / pleasant trip / journey 祝旅途愉快
have(got)a pain(in the…)（身体某部位）痛 have a part-time job 做兼职工作
have a(good)rest 休息 have / take a seat 坐下（比较：have / take one’s seat 坐某人的座位）have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼
have a sweet tooth 喜欢吃甜食 have a swim 游泳
have a table tennis match 举行一场乒乓球比赛
have a test 进行测验
have a try 试一试
have / show an appetite for… 有……的欲望或爱好
have / make an appointment with sb 和某人有预约, 和某人有约定 have an effect on / upon… 对……有影响，对……产生作用（比较：influence… = affect … 对……有影响
have no effect / influence on … 对……没有影响
have a good / bad effect on … 对……有好/坏影响
have a great / little effect on … 对……有很大的影响/影响不大 have a strong influence on… 对……有很大影响）
have / take an exam 参加考试
have an income of … 有……的收入
have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光
have access to … 使用（接近……的）权利或机会
have breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 have lessons / classes 上课
have mercy on… 宽恕……，对……仁慈，对……表示怜悯
have no chance of surviving 没有生存的可能性
have no choice but to do sth 别无选择，只好做某事 have none of … 根本不理睬……
have on 穿着
have sth on sb 某人身上带着某物
have / take one’s medicine 服药，吃药 have some difficulty / trouble / problems with … 在……有困难/麻烦事
[比较：have some difficulty / trouble / problems(in)doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦]
have something / nothing in common(with…)（与……）有共同点／没有共同之处
（比较：have much / a lot in common with… 与……有许多相同之处
have little in common with… 与……几乎没有相同之处）
have something / nothing to do with … 与……有关／无关 have to = have got to 不得不，必须
例如：
Class is over.Let’s have a break.I’ve got a cough.Dad and I had a good laugh over that.They are having a good time.He stopped to have a look.We are going to have a table tennis match tomorrow afternoon.Are we going to have a meeting this week? Here is a tree.Let me have a rest.Are you going to have a swim？ We’ll have a test tomorrow.Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him.Does she have lunch at home？
Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it.We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.Most of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons.I noticed that he had on bedroom slippers.Please come here and have my seat, Granny.He hasn’t had any medicine.At three fifty in the afternoon we have sports.（12）hold短语：
hold a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会
hold back 退缩，踌躇，阻挡，控制住 hold one’s breath 屏息，不出气
hold on 等一等，不要挂电话
hold on to 抓住，保住
hold out 伸出，坚持下去，维持 hold up 阻挡，使停顿，举起，拿起，阻滞
hold together 连在一起，团结一致
例如：
Anger flooded through her.She couldn’t hold it back.—Could I speak to Mr Smith? —Hold on, please.The little boy held out his hands.I think water supplies won’t hold out much longer.Sorry, I’m late.I was held up at work.（13）keep短语：
keep away from 避开，别靠近
keep back 隐瞒，忍住，阻止……向前，留下
keep down 控制
keep off 勿踏，勿踩
keep off sb / sth 不接触或不接近某人/某事物
keep on 继续进行
keep out 不得入内
keep…out 把……挡住，把……留在外面keep out of … 不进入……
keep up 继续，保持，坚持，使（情绪等）不低落
keep up with… = catch up with… 跟上，赶上
keep a date 赴约
keep a healthy diet 保持健康的饮食 keep a record / records 保持记录
keep an eye on 注视，留心，注意，照顾（比较：keep an eye out for 注视，留心，注意）
keep busy doing 忙着做某事
keep fit 保持健康
keep…in mind = learn…by heart = remember… 把……记住 keep(on)doing sth 继续不停地做某事
[比较：keep sb doing sth 使某人一直/继续做某事
keep … from doing 阻止……做，不让……做
stop / prevent…(from)doing 妨碍/预防/阻止……做，不让……做]
keep one’s appointment 守约（比较：break one’s appointment 违约）keep one’s balance 保持平衡
keep one’s word(s)遵守诺言
keep safe 保持安全
keep the same look 保持原貌 例如：
keep silent over … 对……保持沉默 keep watch 保持警戒，站岗
I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back.Every week there was a rebellion（造反）somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions.While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth.He kept on telling us the same story over and over.You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his words.Danger!Keep out!Will this overcoat keep the rain out? It is also bad manners to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question.The rain kept up all night.I see you are getting along well with your English studies.Keep up the good work.The good news keeps our spirits up.He walked so fast that I could hardly keep up with him.Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used to keep watch.There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.”（14）knock短语：
knock at /on 敲打（门、窗等）
knock down 把……撞倒，击倒 knock into 撞到，撞上某人，偶然碰见 knock sb out(of sth)淘汰某人
撞倒
例如：
We knocked at / on the door but there was no one there.He was in hospital last night after being knocked down by a car.Tom entered the classroom hurriedly and knocked into Mr.White.He almost knocked into me before he realized it.If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door.（15）look短语：
look at 看着，注视，检查
look at oneself in the mirror = admire oneself in the mirror 照镜子 look after 照顾，照料，照看
look ahead 向前看，展望未来 look around / about 四处看看，四下环顾 look back 回首，回忆，回顾过去
look back on… 回顾……，回忆……
look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望，期盼某事物/做某事 look for 寻找，找
look in 来访，参观 look into… 往……里面看，浏览，调查，研究 look(right)into sb’s eyes 直视着
look like… 看起来像……（比较：look the same 看起来像）look on 旁观，观望
look out = be careful = take care 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防 look out for 警惕，留心，找出来
look over… 翻阅，（仔细）检查 look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习look up 仰视，往上看，（在字典或参考书中）查阅，查寻
look up to sb 敬仰，仰望，尊敬（比较：look down on / upon sb 瞧不起，鄙视，轻视）look / be worried 看上去/感到担心
knock over 撞翻，例如：
The boy is old enough to look after himself.He spent two weeks in Shanghai, looking around / about the city.We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.Join us.Don’t just look on.They all looked on him as a member of their family.Look out!There is danger ahead.I shall look out that I don’t trust him again.He looked through his notes before writing the report.Look through these photographs and try to pick out the man you see.I must look up the time of your train.A fox came to the tree and looked up at the cock.I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.（16）make短语：
make into 制成，作成（后面跟产品，制成品）
[比较：be made in 在……生产/制造
be made of 由……组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（物理变化）
be made from 由……组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（化学变化）be made up of = consist of 由……组成，由……构成] make out 理解，看清楚
make up 化妆，打扮，和解，配制，编造，虚构，构成，组成 make up for 弥补，补充，补偿
made up one’s mind 下决心 make a choice 做出选择
make a commitment 承诺，保证 make a comment / comments(on / upon…)（对……）发表评论
make a(great)contribution to… 为……做出（巨大）贡献，为……捐款 make a decision 做出决定
make a(no)difference（没）有关系/影响 make a face / faces 扮鬼脸
make a fire 生火
make a film / blockbuster／follow-ups 拍电影/巨片／续集
make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人（比较：make fool of … 愚弄）make / leave / create a good impression(on sb)（给某人）留下好印象 make a mistake / mistakes 犯错误
make(a)noise 制造噪音，发出令人不愉快的声音 make a note / notes of… 记录，做笔记，记下来
make a plan(for…)（为……）制订计划，制订一个（……的）计划 make a point of doing sth 认为做某事重要或有必要 make a promise 承诺
make a record 录制唱片，做记录（比较：record a song 录一首歌
set a world record 创造世界记录）
make(a)suggestion(on …)提出（关于……）的建议
make a telephone call 打电话
make conversation 交谈
make / take a trip / journey to … 去某地旅行
make(both)ends meet 使收支相抵 make fun of… 取笑，嘲笑，和……开玩笑 make friends with sb 与某人交朋友
make it（事业上）获得成功
make jokes about sb 拿某人开玩笑，以某人为笑柄
make mistake about… 犯了……错误
make / earn money 挣钱 make oneself at home 不拘束，别客气 make oneself known 使/让自己出名 make one’s way to… 往……走去 make progress(in …)（在……方面）取得进步 make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通 make sense of… 弄懂……的意思 make sth to(one’s own)measure（按自己的尺寸）定做
make sure 确保，确认，查明
make the adjustment to… 适应……
make the / one’s bed 整理床铺 make(full)use of …= make the most / best of …(充分)利用 例如：
Bamboo is also made into paper.Our desks and chairs are made of wood.The paper for books and newspapers also is made from wood.This engine is made up of 490 parts.The actor made himself up for the part of an old man.These days many girls make up when they are still quite young.She made up a good lunch from bits and pieces.There isn’t any little girl called Kitty here.He has just made her up.Hard work can often make up for lack of intelligence.Everyone should make full use of time.But wait till you see what we’ll make for you to your own measure.I have made up my mind, and nothing you say will change it.They made fun of my mistakes when I tried to speak English.（17）pass短语：
pass away 去世，死（委婉说法）
pass by 通过，从旁边经过 pass down 传下来，流传，使世代相传，一代一代传下去
pass on(to sb)转交给(某人)，传给(某人)pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流传下来 pass out 失去知觉，昏厥
pass through 穿过，越过 pass sth from one to another 把某事物从一人传到另一人手上
pass the examination 通过考试 例如：
Dr Johnson passed away last night.They all waved to us as they passed by.The tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations.She said she’d pass the message on to the other students.I nearly passed out when I saw the blood.（18）pay短语：
pay attention to … 对……注意，留心……
pay a visit to sb / a place 访问，拜访（某人），参观（某地）
pay back 偿还（借款），报答，报复
pay for 付款，付费，付代价（比较：pay a high price for … 付高价）pay off 还清（欠款）
pay sb a visit 拜访某人 pay the bill 买单，付帐单 例如：
He promised to pay the money back by Friday.The old in our city don’t need to pay for transport.After ten years of hard work he paid off all his debts at last.（19）pick短语：
pick out 挑选，认出
pick up 拾起，接收，学会（语言），开车去接，康复，购买（便宜商品）
例如：
His story was picked out as the best by the judges.The phone rang and I picked it up.I’ll pick you up at the station.I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.After a short break they picked up the topic they talked about earlier.I picked up the unusual stamp by accident.I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year.（20）put短语：
put away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存，存起来 put down 扑灭，平息，镇压，记下
put forward 提出，建议，推荐
put off 延期，拖延
put on（戏）上演，放（唱片），穿戴
put on a performance 演出 put out 扑灭，熄灭，使……停止燃烧，伸出，出版，生产 put up 挂起，张贴，举起，抬起，搭起，建立
put up with 忍受，容忍
put into 使进入，输入，投入 put one’s heart into… 全神贯注于…… put …to use 使用……，运用……
put／translate…into 把……译成 put sb in / into prison 把某人关进监狱 put a date to sth 注明日期
（比较：set / fix the date 确定日期
to date 到目前为止）
put an end to … 结束……
例如：
put …together 把……放在一起
We put away the tools before we leave the workshop.All the medical workers in the region helped to put down the influenza epidemic（流感）.Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.We are putting the play on again next week owing to its success.The firemen soon put the fire out.The doctor told me to put out my tongue.It’s time that we put up the Christmas decorations（装饰物）in the living room.Drop your weapons and put your hands up.Another supermarket has been put up near our house.I can’t put up with a lot of noisy people when I am working.The government is putting more money into education this year.As students, we should put our heart into studies.（21）send短语：
send away 让走开
send for sb 派人去请某人，请某人来 send in 寄送某处进行处理
send out 派遣，发出（信号、通知等）
send up 发射，射出，往上送
send signals by … 通过……发送信号 例如：
Get back into bed.I’ll send for the doctor.send sb to sleep 让某人睡觉 The ship is in danger;it is sending out an SOS signal.The rocket will be sent up tomorrow morning.（22）set短语：
set about(doing)sth 着手，开始
set aside 留出，搁/放在一边
set down 放下，记下
set off 出发，起程，引起爆炸，激起，引起 set out(for…)出发往（……），动身去（……）set out to do 开始做，着手做
set up 创立，设立，开办，竖起，支起
set /give a(good)example to… 为……树立（好）榜样
set a goal 设定目标
set fire to sth = set sth on fire 纵火，放火烧 set foot on / in… 踏上……，到达，进入 set one’s mind to do sth 一心想做 set sail for 起航去……
set sail from 从……起航
set sb a good example in … 在……为某人树立榜样 set sb free 释放某人，解放某人
例如：
As soon as she arrived, she set about tidying up（整理）the room.Try to set aside some time each day for exercise.They’ve set off on a trip round the world.Together the four men set out to look for the lost animal.He set out to write a history of civilization（文明）.We’ll certainly set up a complete modern industrial system.A few scarecrows（稻草人）were set up in the field.Let’s set up the tent first, and build the fire later.The police are trying to find out who set fire to the building last night.He was set free after three years in prison.Comrade Lei Feng set a good example to us all.（23）stand短语：
stand by sb = support sb = take sb’s side 支持某人
stand for 代表，表示，象征，容忍，支持/拥护，为……的候选人
stand out 突出，显眼
stand up 起立，站起来
stand still = stay still 站着不动 例如：
CPC stands for the Communist Party of China.Stand still, and let me take a picture of you.（24）take短语：
take after 与某人相像
take along 带领，携带
take … apart = separate … 把……分开
take away 拿走，拿去，使离开
take away from… 从……带／拿走
take back 退回，拿回，收回
take down 拿下，记下，记录
take for… 当作……，误以为是……
take in 吸收，接纳，上当
take off（飞机）起飞，脱掉（衣帽/鞋），成名，成功，很快上升，开始流行/畅销
take on 呈现
take over 继承，接管，接替
take out 拿出，取出
take up 从事，开始，专注于，占去（时间、空间、地位等）take a bank loan 向银行贷款
take a bath 洗澡
take a chance / chances 碰运气，冒险
take a critical attitude towards… 对……持批判态度
take a few deep breaths 深呼吸
take / have a degree in … 取得……学位 take a hands-on approach to education 通过动手实践的方式来进行接受教育 take a message(to sb)（给某人）捎个口信
比较：leave a message(to sb)（给某人）留个口信
take a photo(of …)（给……）照相，拍（……）照片 take a risk / risks 冒险
take a shower 沐浴，洗澡 take a sip 呡一小口
take a taxi to...= go to...by taxi 乘出租车
take a walk / ride / holiday 散步／兜风／休假 take(an)interest in … 对……感兴趣
（比较：be into = be interested in 对……感兴趣 have / show interest in 对……感兴趣）
take advantage of 对……加以利用
take … by surprise 对……突然袭击，出乎……意料 take care 小心, 注意
take effect 生效，奏效
take care of 照顾，照看
take exercise 运动，活动
take … for example 以……为例
take / get / catch hold of 握住，抓住 take it easy 放心好了，别着急，从容，不紧张 take...into consideration 顾及，考虑到，体谅
（比较：under consideration 在考虑中，在研究中）take lessons 上课
take notes 做笔记，做记录
take notice of 注意
take one’s seat 就座，坐在自己位子上（转义为就职）
take one’s time 从容，不急，慢慢行动 [比较：take time 花费（时间）] take part 参加
（比较：take part in… = join in… = participate in… 参加……
take an active part in… 积极参加……）
take place 发生，出现，举行
[比较：take the place of … = take sb’s place 取代，代替（某人的位臵）] take pride in …= be proud of… 对……感到自豪
take responsibility for … = be responsible for … 对……负起责任 take sb in the arms 拥抱，搂抱
take / hold / keep sb prisoner 囚禁/俘虏某人
（比较：sb be taken / held / kept prisoner 某人被囚禁/俘虏）take sb seriously 看重某人
take sb some time to do sth 花费某人……时间去做某事 take sb’s temperature 给某人量体温
take shelter 躲避
take sth along with sb 随身携带某物
take sides with sb in sth 在某事上支持/偏袒某人
take steps / measures / action to do sth 采取措施做某事，采取（……的）行动 take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事 例如：
I’m sorry.I’ll take back what I said.Take care!The car is coming.My plane takes off at 11:00 sharp.We can’t have such a big table in this small room.It takes up too much room.（25）think短语：
think about 思考，考虑（是否去做）
think of 想到，想起，认为，对……有看法/想法 think out 想出
think over 仔细考虑
think through… 思考……直到得出结论 think up 提出，想出，设计出
think twice 再三考虑，仔细考虑
think highly / well of = speak highly of = sing high praise for 对……高度评价 例如：
I’m sorry.I can’t think out your name.When I was in the States, I often thought of my friend Li Hua.Think it over, and you’ll find a way.（26）turn短语：
turn against 转而反对，背叛
turn around / round 转身，转过来
turn … away 赶走……，辞退……，把……打发走
turn on 打开（灯，气，水，电器等）turn off 关掉（灯，气，水，电器等）
turn up 把音量开大，卷起，翻起，发生，出现，到达 turn down 关小/调低（音量／热度），拒绝 turn over 把……翻过来，翻动，犁翻（土地），细想 turn in 交进，上缴，归还
turn into 变成 turn…into… 把……变成……，转变成 turn out 结果是，生产
turn right / left 向右/向左拐 例如：
Those who were once for him have turned against him.Turn in everything captured（缴获的）.I’m going to turn my garage into a playroom for the children.Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the room.Shall I turn on the bath water for you? He turned the meat over in the pan（平底锅）.They always turn to me when they are in trouble.His attention turned to the pretty young girl.Turn the radio down a little.I can scarcely hear the program.He turned the coat collar（衣领）up because of the wind.Something will turn up to get you out of the difficulty.turn to… 转向……，向……求助，查阅 turn out to be 被证明是, 结果是
turn writer = become a writer 成为作家
2．以介词或副词为中心的动词短语（便于强化记忆）
（l）动词+about
speak／talk about 谈论
think about 思考
care about 关心，对……有兴趣
bring about 引起，使发生 set about 着手，开始 come about 发生
hear about 听说
worry about 为……担心（2）动词+at
aim at 向……瞄准，旨在 run at 冲向，向……攻击 call at 拜访(地点)tear at 用力撕 look at 看，注视
work at 干……活动（研究）come at 向……袭击 shout at 冲(某人)嚷嚷
stare at 凝视 glare at 怒视
glance at 匆匆一瞥 laugh at 嘲笑
knock at 敲（门、窗等）point at 指向
smile at 冲（某人）笑 strike at 向……打击
shoot at 向……射击
wonder at 惊讶
（3）动词+away die away 逐渐消失
put away 收拾起来，存起来
pass away 去世 wash away 冲走
take away 拿走
give away 背弃，泄漏
send away 让走开
turn away 把……打发走
wear away 磨掉，消耗 throw away 扔掉 blow away 吹走
carry away 拿走，使入迷 clear away 清除掉，消散
break away 摆脱
（4）动词+back
keep back 隐瞒，忍住 hold back 控制住 give back 归还
call back 回电话
take back 拿回，收回
look back(on)回顾
（5）动词+down cut down 削减，砍倒
put down 记下，写下，镇压 take down 记下，记录 turn down 调小，拒绝
slow down 慢下来 pass down 传下来 calm down 平静下来
burn down 烧毁
tear down 拆毁，拆除
come down 下落，传下
break down 坏了，垮了，分解
bring down 使……降低，使倒下
settle down 安家（6）动词+from die from 因……而死 hear from 收到……来信 learn from 向……学习differ from 与……不同 suffer from 受……苦
result from 由于
separate…from 把……分离开
keep／stop／prevent…from 不让……做
date from=date back to 始于……时期，追溯到
（7）动词+for run for 竞选
ask for 要求得到
beg for 乞求
wait for 等候
look for 寻找
call for 需要，要求 hunt for 寻找
long for 渴望 care for 关心，喜欢 seek for 寻找
come for 来拿，来取
apply for 申请
stand for 代表，表示
search for 查找
change…for 用……换 charge…for 收费，要价
take…for 误以为……是
hope/wish for 希望得到
（8）动词十in get in 收获，进入
fill in 填写 cut in 插入
join in 参加
look in 来访，参观 hand in 上交 drop in 拜访 give in 让步
take in 接纳，吸收 call in 召集，来访
bring in 引进，使得到收入 break in 强制进入，插话 result in 导致
succeed in 在……获成功 persist in 坚持
（9）动词十into run into 碰到
look into 研究，调查，往里面看
burst into 闯入，进发 turn into 变成
change…into 把……变成 divide…into 把……分成 put／translate…into 把……译成（l0）动词+of die of 死于
talk of 谈到 hear of 听说
think of 想到
dream of 梦到
speak of 谈到
consist of 由……组成
approve of 赞成 complain of 抱怨
become of 发生……情况，怎么啦（l1）动词+out go out 熄灭 set out 出发，着手 try out 试用，试验 put out 扑灭 run out 用完
let out 泄漏，发出(声音)pick out 选出
hold out 坚持下去
wear out 穿破，使……疲劳 make out 理解，看清楚 keep out(of)使不进入，挡住 find out 查出，弄明白 work out 算出，想出办法等 send out 发出，派遣 give out 散发，分发，用完 look out 当心，提防 hand out 散发，分发 help out 救助 turn out 结果是，生产 come out 出版，出来 cross out 划掉 burst out 进发 carry out 执行 break out 爆发 point out 指出 figure out 算出
bring out 阐明，使表现出 leave out 省略，删掉 speak out 大胆讲出（l2）动词+over go over 审阅，检查，研究 get over 克服
run over 压死，看一遍 take over 接管，接替 turn over 翻倒，细想 fall over 跌倒，摔倒 roll over 翻滚 look over 翻阅，检查 think over 仔细考虑 watch over 看守，照看（l3）动词十to add to 增添
get to 到达
see to 处理，料理
turn to 向……求助，查阅 come to 共计，苏醒 lead to 导致，通向 reply to 答复
refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅 bring to 使苏醒 agree to 同意
object to 反对 point to 指向
write to 写信给
relate to 理解，同情，涉及，（与……）有关 attend to 处理 belong to 属于
supply…to 为……提供
devote…to 贡献给
stick／hold／keep to 坚持，忠于 compare…to 与……相比，把……比作（l4）三词以上的短语动词 do well in 在……干得好 make up for 弥补 look down on / upon 轻视 break away from 摆脱
keep away from 避开，别靠近
do away with 废除
put up with 忍受
catch up with = keep up with 赶上 fill up with 用……装满 go on with 继续
get on / along with 和……相处 look forward to 盼望 look up to 仰望，尊敬 add up to 总计
live up to 依据……行事；做到；不辜负（期望）get close to 接近
get down to 认真开始 set fire to 放火烧 pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 访问
take / get / catch hold of 握住 run out of 用完 get out of 逃避，避免 take notice of 注意 take a photo of 拍……照片 take the place of 取代
set an example to 为……树立榜样
3、其他常用短语（按字母表顺序）
（1）Aa a balance diet 均衡饮食
a best-seller 畅销书
a bit = a little = a little bit 少许，一点儿，有点儿，稍微 a bit of 一点，少量（修饰不可数名词）
[ 比较：a few 一些，少量（修饰可数名词）
a great deal of 许多（修饰不可数名词）
a great / good many = scores of 许多，大量（修饰可数名词）a handful of 一把，少量的，少数（修饰可数或不可数名词）a large / great amount of = large amounts of 许多（修饰不可数名词）
a large quantity of = large quantities of 许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）a lot of = lots of 许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a mass of = masses of 大量，许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a(large / great)number of = large / huge numbers of 大量的，许多（修饰可数名词）
plenty of 大量的，很多，足够的（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a bunch of flowers 一束花
a cloud of 一团 a couple of 一对/双，两三个，一些，几个 a couple of days / weeks 两三天/周a cup of 一杯 a day or two = one or two days 一两天 a deserted island 荒岛 a healthy diet = a diet of healthy food(s)健康的饮食 a highly-developed country 高度发达的国家
a kind of 一种，一类
a laid-off worker 下岗工人 a large sum of money 一大笔钱
a list of 一张……的清单
a natural disaster 自然灾害 a pair of 一双，一副
a row of 一排，一行
a set of 一套，一副
a length of … 长……
a live concert 现场直播的音乐会
a packet of 一盒，一捆，一包
a piece of 一件，一块，一张
a series of 一系列的，一连串，一套 a shortage of teachers 教师资源的缺乏
a total failure 一个彻底的失败者 a two-day trip 一次两天的旅行
a third of = one third of 三分之一 a total of 总数（量）为
a variety of = varieties of = various 种种的，种类繁多的
a waste of(time)白费(时间)，浪费(时间)a man of name 知名人士
a world of magic and wonders 充满魔力和神奇的世界 after all 毕竟，终究
after a time 一段时间以后
after a short while 不久以后，没多久 after class / work / school 下课/下班/放学之后 all at once = all of a sudden 突然，忽然 all in all 总共，总的来说 all night long 整夜，通宵
all over 到处，遍及，结束
all alone = all by oneself 独自，独立
all day = all day long 全天，终日
all kinds / sorts of 各种各样的 all one’s life 终身，一生
all over the world / country = throughout the world / country 整个世界/全国
all right 好吧，行了，（病）好了 all the same 一样，同样的all the best 祝一切顺利，万事如意
all the time 一直
all the way 一路上，一直
all together 一起，总共
all(the)year round = all through the year= throughout the year 一年四季，一年到头 an invitation to… 一张……的请柬/请贴 an expert on … ……方面的专家 as a consequence / result 结果，因此
as a consequence / result of 作为（……的）结果，由于……的结果 as a whole 普遍来说，作为整体
as … as 像，如同
as … as possible = as…as one can 尽可能……地
as far as（表示程度，范围）就/尽……（=so far as），远至
as far as I know 就我所知，据我所知 as follows如下（用以列举事项）
as if = as though 好像，似乎，仿佛（比较：even if = even though 虽然，即使，尽管）as long as 只要（= so long as引导条件状语从句），长达
as much / many as 多达
as soon as possible 尽快，尽可能早地
as soon as 一……就……
as to / for 至于，关于，就……而言
as usual 像往常一样
as well 也/还有(= too)，同样地，例外 as well as = together with = and 也，以及，和，还，而且 as with...也一样，就像……
at all 根本（否定句），到底（疑问句），竟然（条件从句）at a loss 茫然，不知所措
at an early age 年轻时 at any moment / time 随时
[ 比较：after a moment = after a while / minute 过了一会儿
a moment ago = just now 刚才，不久以前
a moment later 片刻之后 at the moment = at the time 此刻，现在，在那时
at the very moment 就在那一刹那
for a moment = for a while / minute 一会儿
for the moment = for the time being 暂时，目前
in a moment = in a while /minute / second 过一会儿，立刻，马上 the moment / minute(that)...一……就 ……]
at any risk 不顾一切
[比较：at risk 处于危险中
at the risk of(doing sth)冒着（可能做某事）的危险
take / run a risk / risks 冒险
risk one’s life(to do sth)冒着生命危险（做某事）
risk doing sth 冒险做某事）] at birth 出生时，一生下来就 at hand近在手边，在附近
at breakfast 在吃早饭
at home 在家
at last 终于，最后 at midnight 在半夜 at noon 在中午
(at)home and abroad 在国内外
at length 最后，终于，详细地
at night 在夜里，天黑时
at once = right away = right now 马上，立即 at one go 一口气
at present = at the present time 现在, 目前 at sea 在海上，航海中，茫然（比较：by sea 乘船
by the sea 在海边
in the sea 在海里
on the sea 在海面上）
at stake 在危险中
at such a great height 在如此高的高度 at table 在吃饭（比较：at the table 在桌前）
at times 偶尔，有时
（比较：at that time 那时
at the same time = meanwhile 同时
at the correct / wrong / best time of year 在一年里合适/不合适/最佳时候）at various academic levels 不同的学术层次
at war 处于战争/交战状态
at work 忙于工作
at the age of...在……岁的时候
at the art festival 在艺术节上，在艺术节期间 at the base 在底部
at the(very)beginning of...在……开始时，在……之初
at the bottom of 在……下端/底部
at the cost of 以……为代价 at the end of 在……末端，到……结束时 at the foot of 在……的脚下 at the head of 在……最前面 at the latest 最迟
at the front desk 在前台，在服务台
at a high /low price 以高/低价
at(the)least 至少 [比较：at(the)most 最多]
at the mercy of 任由……摆布/控制，在……的掌握中
at the opening /closing(ceremony)of...在……开/闭幕式上 at the rate of 以……的比率
at the side of 在……的旁边 at the speed of 以……速度（比较：at full / high speed 高速）at the top of one’s voice 大声地
at the weekend 在周末
accept … as… 认为……是……，承认……是……，把……当作…… [比较：regard … as… 认为……是
treat … as…把…… 当作
recognize … as… 认为……是……
view / see / know … as… 认为……是……
consider … as … / consider …(to be…)认为……是……
look on … as… 视……为
refer to … as… 把……视为
think of… as… / think …(to be…)认为……是……] accept sb’s apology 接受某人的道歉
accuse sb of sth / doing sth 指控某人为……/ 做某事 achieve one’s goal 达到目的 achieve success 获得成功 act as 担任，充当
adapt oneself to 使自己适应于
add to 增加，添加
add up 加起来
adjust to（调整以）适应
adapt to（改变以）适应
adapt to the new environment 适应新环境
add …to… 把……加到……上
add up to 总计达到
adjust to these extreme conditions 适应极限条件
admire sb as… 钦佩某人是……
admire sb for… 钦佩某人的……，因……钦佩某人 advance the deadline 提前最后期限
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
advance towards… 朝……前进
agree with sb / sb’s opinion / sb’s idea 同意某人（意见，看法），与某人看法一致 [ 比较：agree on sth 对……达成共识
agree to(the plan)同意（计划等）] aim at 向……瞄准，旨在，针对 answer for… 对……负责
allow for 顾及，为……做准备
apologize to sb(for sth)= make an apology to sb(for sth)（因某事）向某人道歉 appeal to 有吸引力，呼吁，上诉
appeal to their emotions 投合他们的喜好 apply for 申请，请求
apply to 应用，适用
appoint sb as… 任命某人当…… approve of 赞成 argue about 争论某事
argue with sb about sth 因某事和某人争执/争论
arrive in / at 到达某地
ask after sb 问候某人
ask for 要求得到
ask for a day off 请一天假 ask for a leave 请假
associate…with… 把……与……联系起来 attach to 加在……之上，使喜爱，使依恋，参加，附着 attempt to do sth 试图做某事 attend the meeting 出席会议
attend school / university 上学/上大学 attend to 处理，照顾，关照，倾听
attract / draw / call sb’s attention 吸引某人注意 above all 首要的是，尤其是
according to 根据 action film / movie 动作片
advanced mathematics 高等数学
again and again 一次又一次，一再，反复 against the wall 靠着墙
ahead of… 优于，超过，比……早，在……的前面 alarm clock 闹钟
along with… 和……一起 and so on 等等
another day 改天
and things like that ……之类的东西 any more 再，又apart from 除……都，除……以外
around the corner 在拐角处，即将来临
（比较：on the way = in store 即将来临
draw near 即将来临，就要来临，逼近）（2）Bb
be after 寻找，追踪，追求
be from 从……来，是……人 be off / leaving 离开
be out of 没有，用完
be up against 面对
be /act against 违背，违反，反对 be next to 在……隔壁，紧挨着…… be out（灯火）熄灭，（人）外出 be up 起床
be up to sb 由某人决定
be up to sth 忙于某事，从事于
be upon 逼近，临近be anxious about … 为……而忧虑/着急/担心
（比较：be anxious for … 渴望，非常希望
be concerned about / for… 为……而忧虑/着急/担心
be concerned about / with… 对……关切/关注/感兴趣）be careful about / of / with sth 注意，留意，当心 [比较：be careful(not)to do sth 小心（不）做某事] be clear about 对……清楚
be crazy about 对……着迷 be curious about = have the curiosity about 对……感到好奇
be excited about 对…… 感到兴奋 be amazed at 为……感到惊讶
be present at 出席
be particular about 对……挑剔 be experienced at 对……有经验
be shocked at 对……感到震惊
be common for 对……来说是很普通的
be eager for … = long for… = be dying for… 渴望得到……（比较：be eager to do sth 急着想做某事）be famous for 因……而闻名，由于……而出名（比较：be famous as 作为……而闻名
be famous to 对……来说很出名）
be fit for = be suitable for 适合
be good / bad for sb 对……有好处/坏处
（比较：be good at 善于……，擅长于……，在……方面做得好
be good to sb 对某人友好
do good to sb = do sb good 对某人有好处
do harm to sb = do sb harm = harm sb = be harmful to sb 对某人有害，伤害某人）
be honored for… 因……受到尊敬
be intended for 为了 be late for 迟到（比较：be late with sth 某事做得晚）be to blame for 因……受到责备
be carved in rock 被刻在岩石上
be caught in(a rain / a traffic jam / the earthquake)突然/偶然遇到（雨/交通堵塞/地震）be confident in 在……方面自信
be effective in 在……方面有效
be fluent in(a language)在（某一门语言）方面很流利
be lost in = lose oneself in 沉浸于，沉醉于be poor / low in 在……方面不足 be quick in mind and action 思维敏捷行动迅速
be rich / high in 在……方面丰富
be set in 以……为背景 be strong in heart and mind 意志坚强，头脑聪明
be trapped in 被困在……（比较：be trapped by 被……所困）
be afraid of = be terrified of 害怕，恐惧（比较：be afraid to do 害怕去做，不敢做）be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧/惭愧
be aware of 意识到，知道
be fond of = care for = like = enjoy 爱好，喜欢
be full of = be filled with 充满了，装满 be short of = be lacking in 缺乏，缺少 be uncertain of / about 对……没把握
be addicted to 沉溺于
be jealous of 嫉妒
be sure of / about 对……有把握 be accustomed to(doing)sth习惯于……
be loyal to = be faithful to = be devoted to 忠诚于 be opened to 向……开放
be reduced to 30% 减少到百分之30%（指最后的结果）
[比较：be reduced by 30% 减少了百分之30%（指与原来相对而言）] be similar to 与……相似，与……相像 be armed with 以……武装
be busy with sth 忙于某事
（比较：be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
be occupied with sth 忙于某事
be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事）
be covered with / by 被……所覆盖
be crowded with 挤/塞满了…… be diagnosed with 被诊断为
be equipped with 具有，装有……设备，为……做好准备
be faced with 面临……，面对……
be fed up with 对……感到厌倦
be mean with 对……吝啬
be familiar with 对……很熟悉
be honest with 对……诚实
be angry with sb for sth 因某事生某人的气 be burdened with 为……所累
be pleased / satisfied with 对……感到满意
（比较：be content with 对……感到满意，满足于……
be content to do sth 愿意做某事）
be popular with 受到……的欢迎
be pressed with 被刻印/铸压上
be strict with sb 对某人严格要求（比较：be strict in sth 对某事严格要求）be surrounded with / by 被……围绕
be about to do sth 正要做某事
be delighted to do sth 高兴做某事
be determined to do = determine / decide to do sth 决心做……
be due to do sth 预定/到期应该做某事（比较：due to sth 因为/由于……）be forced to do sth 被迫做某事
be likely to do sth 很有可能做某事
be willing to do = like to do 愿意做某事 be absent from 缺席，旷课
be free to do sth 任意去做，悉听尊便
be supposed to do 被认为/被期望/应该做某事 be able to do 能，会
be asleep 睡着（比较：be awake 醒着）
be awarded a Nobel Prize 获得诺贝尔奖
be badly off 潦倒，贫困（比较：be well off 富有）be badly treated 受到虐待
be / become endangered 频临危险 be in contact with 与……有交往
（比较：make contact with 与……联络
lose / break contact with 与……失去联系
lose touch with = be out of touch with 与……失去联系
be in touch with = stay / keep in touch with 与……保持联系 get in touch with = get into contact with sb 与……取得联系 bring … into touch with 使……接触，使……认识
keep track of… 与……保持联系，了解……的动态，记录……）
be in possession of = take possession of 持有，拥有，占有，占领
be born 出生，出世（比较：be in sb’s possession = be in the possession of sb 被某人占有/拥有
come into sb’s possession 被某人占有/拥有）be in the charge of 在某人的掌管下，由某人经营/照顾（比较：be in charge of 掌管，管理，照顾）
be mentally disturbed 精神失常
be of benefit 有利的，有好处的be of(no)effect 有（无）效
be of different sizes / weights / shapes 大小不一/重量不同/形状各异（比较：be of the same size / weight / shape 大小/重量/形状相同）be of great importance / value 非常重要，有重要性
be of high / good quality 高质量的（比较：be of poor quality 质量糟糕的）be of(no)use 有（无）用
be stressed out 紧张的，有压力的 be well received 很受欢迎
be on good terms(with sb)与某人关系好 be upset 沮丧，伤心
be(well)worth doing（很）值得做
[比较：be worthy of sth / of being done / to be done 值得（做）……] by accident = by chance 偶然地, 碰巧，意外
by air / boat / bus / train 乘坐飞机/小船/公共汽车/火车 by and by 不久以后，逐渐地
by appointment 按约定 by choice 出于选择（比较：for choice 要选就选）
by day / night 白天/ 晚上
by fax 通过传真
by force 靠武力
by hand = with one’s hands 手工
by law 根据法律
by mail 通过邮寄
by means of(doing)sth 通过，借助于……手段（比较：by all means = in all ways 不惜一切
by no means = in no way 决不，一点也不
by this means = in this way 用这种方法）
by mistake = in error 由于错误或疏忽，错误地
by weight 按重量计算（比较：by the hour / day 按小时/天计算）by the end of 到……结束为止，到……底为止 by the nearest exit 从最近的出口出去
by the side of 在……附近
by the time 到……的时候（后接状语从句）by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下
[ 比较：by way of … 经由，经过, 通过……的方法
in a way = in one way = in some way 在某种程度上
in no way 决不, 一点也不 in the / sb’s way 挡道，妨碍
in this / that way 以这种/那种方式，这样／那样 in … way = in the way of 以……的方式 this / that way 这样/那样（直接做状语）
on one’s way here / there / home(adv.)在（到这里/去那里/回家）的路上 on one’s way to doing sth 即将做某事
on one’s way to someplace(n.)在去某地的路上 on the way 在路上，在来/去的行进中 on the way home 在回家的路上，即将来临 out of the way 不挡道
feel one’s way 摸索着道路（前进）
fight one’s way 挣扎着前进，经（奋斗或努力）开路或获得（某事物）
find one’s way to 设法找到去……的路 lose one’s way 迷路
make one’s way to 朝……走去 push one’s way 挤过去
struggle one’s way 艰难地行进] base on sth 以……为基础（比较：be based on / upon 以……为基础）beg for 乞求
become of 发生……情况，怎么啦 believe in 信赖，信任，信仰(真理，宗教，原则)，支持，赞成 bend over 弯腰，俯身
benefit from = profit by / from 从……吸取教训，从……中获益 blow away 吹走
blow the fire off 熄火，把火吹灭
blow out 吹灭
brush one’s teeth 刷牙
build up 逐步建立，增进，增加，加强，扩大
burden sb / oneself with sth 加负担于某人 / 自己 burn down 烧毁，烧成平地
burn down… to the ground 把……烧成平地 burn up 消耗，烧掉
burst into 闯入，突然破门而入 burst into sth = burst out doing 迸发，突然而猛烈地产生某种情况（比较：burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑起来
burst into tears 眼泪夺眶而出
burst into cheers 突然欢呼）
burst out(doing)迸发出来，突然开始（做）
bed time 就寝时间
Beijing Opera 京剧
before long 不久以后（比较：long before 很久以前）belong to sb / sth 属于某人/某事 below / above zero 零度以下/上 body building 健美
boiled water 开水
business hours 营业时间
but for 如果不是，倘若不是
body language 身势语
both … and … 两个都，既……又…… bus station / stop 汽车站/公共汽车站
Better late than never.迟做总比不做好。
（3）Cc calculate the distance between… 计算出……的距离
calm down平静，镇定
can’t help but do sth 忍不住做某事 can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事，情不自禁做某事
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
care about 对……感兴趣，关心，担心
card games 纸牌游戏
（比较：care for 喜欢，关怀，照顾，照料
care for sb to do sth 愿意某人做
care to do sth 愿意做）
carry away 拿走，使入迷
carry on 继续进行，坚持下去
carry off 夺走，携走
carry on research 进行研究
carry out(an experiment / a plan / an order / a survey)开展或执行（实验/计划/命令/调查）cast away 抛弃
catch a glimpse of 瞥见 catch fire = be on fire 着火，开始燃烧
catch / find sb doing sth 发现/发觉某人正在做某事
cause damage to… 对……造成破坏
cell phone 移动电话，手机 centre on / upon… 将……当做重点或中心（比较：centre / concentrate / fasten / fix / focus one’s attention on 把注意力集中于）chain stores 连锁店
change A for B 用A换B change A into B 把A变成B，把A转换成B change one’s mind 改变主意
charge… for 收费，要价
charge sth with… 使某事物充满……（情感）（比较：be charged with 充满……）
chat on line 网上聊天
check in 登记，报到 check out 查明，核查，结帐
check information 审核情况
cheer sb on 为某人加油
cheer sb up 使某人高兴起来，使某人振作起来 chemical factory 化工厂
child laborer 童工
Christmas card / tree / Eve 圣诞卡/树/前夕 classical music 古典音乐 classify … into … 把……分类成…… clean out 清除，打扫干净 clear away 清除掉，消散，清除打扫，整理
clear up 打扫卫生，梳理整齐，（天气）放晴，露出喜悦的表情 close friends 密友
close up（尤指暂时）关闭，使靠近
close down 倒闭 close to 靠近，接近
commit the / a combine…with… 把……和……结合起来 comment on / upon… 对……进行评论 crime 犯罪
common sense 常识，情理
communicate sth to sb 使某事物被人知晓，传送某事物给某人
communicate with… 与……交流/联络 compare notes 交换意见，交流看法 compare … to… 把……比作…
compete against… 与……相对抗
compete in 参加（竞赛）
compare with … 与……相比
compete for… 为……而竞争
compete with… 与……竞争/比赛
computer / video games 电子游戏 complain of 抱怨……
congratulate sb on sth 祝贺某人某事
connect to 连接，相连（比较：be connected to 与……有关系）
connect with … 与……相连接
contribute to 有利于，贡献，捐款给，为……投稿 cool off 变凉，冷却，冷
copy sb’s example 仿照某人，照某人的样子做 cover an entire continent 覆盖整个大陆
cover the events 采访事件，报道事件
create a positive / negative effect 产生积极/消极的作用/影响 cross out 划掉
crowd around（许多人）围着
cultural relics / sites 文化古迹
current affairs 时事
Cheer up.振作起来。提起精神。
Come on!来！快呀！（4）Dd dance to the music 伴随音乐起舞
date from = date back to 始于……时期，追溯到
day after day 日复一日（强调重复）day by day 一天天地（强调逐渐变化）day and night 日日夜夜地
deal with = do with 处理，解决，对付
depend on / upon = rely on / upon 依靠，依赖，信赖，靠……来决定 develop a lifelong friendship with sb 与某人成为终身朋友 develop the photos 冲洗照片
devote … to… 把……贡献给……，献身于……，专心于…… [比较：be devoted to(doing)sth 投身于
be devoted to sb 喜欢某人] die away 逐渐消失，减弱（以至感觉不到），淡化 die down 逐渐降低，减弱，消失，平息 die from 因……而死，死于（除了疾病或情感以外的原因，及某种具体疾病）
die of(illness, hunger, grief, etc.)因……而死，死于（疾病，饥饿，悲伤等情感内因）
die off 一一死去，先后死去
die out = become extinct 灭绝，绝迹，消失
differ from = be different from 与……不同，区别于 dig up 挖出，掘起
dining room 餐厅 dip into sth 把……放入液体中，浏览，翻阅
display one’s deep sympathy 表达某人深切的同情
distinguish A from B 显示A和B（两者）的差别，使A和B有所不同（比较：distinguish between A and B 区别/辨别A 和B）
divide … into 把……分成，使……分隔开
divide up 分配
double one’s efforts 加倍努力 dozens of 几十
draw a conclusion 得出结论
draw back 后退
dream of 梦到
draw attention to 对……表示注意 draw up 起草，拟定
dream of / about doing sth 梦想做某事 dress up as… 打扮／装饰成……
drink to sb / sth 为……而干杯或祝福 drop by 访问，拜访
drop in on sb 顺便拜访某人 drop off 放下（某物），下车 drop sb a line 给某人写短信
dress up 化装打扮，乔装打扮
drink a toast 祝酒
drive off 击退, 把（车）开走 drop in 顺便走访，拜访
drop in at sp 顺便拜访某地
drop out(of…)（从竞赛、活动等）退出，辍学 during the day 在白天
during / in the 1980s / 1980’s 20世纪80年代
during / in / throughout one’s lifetime 在某人的一生中
（5）Ee each other 互相，彼此（比较：one another 相互，彼此）earn / make / gain a / one’s living 谋生 earn / make money 挣钱，赚钱 eat up 吃完，吃光
either…or … 或者……或者……，要么……要么……
[比较：neither … nor … 既不……也不……
not…but… 不是……而是……
not only …but also… 不仅……而且……（前句用于句首时，须倒装）] end up with … 以……结束/告终（比较：begin / start with 以……开始
close with 以……结束/告终
end up 结束，告终，最后得到……的结局/下场 end in failure / prison 以失败/坐牢而告终.end in a tie 以平局结束）
engage to sb 与某人订婚
enjoy equal rights 享有平等权利
English-speaking countries 说英语的国家 enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得开心
escape from 免于/逃脱……，从……泄露出 every day 每天
everyday use 日常使用 every few years 每隔几年
（比较：every four years = every fourth year 每四年，每隔三年
every two years = every second year = every other year 每两年，每隔一年)every now and then 不时地
ever since 从……以来，从那时起except for 除了……之外
exist in 存在于……
exchange student 交换生
experience life 体验生活
experiment with 进行实验，进行试验
explain sth to sb = explain to sb sth 向某人解释某事 express oneself 表达自己的意思
Everything / All goes well.一切顺利。
Excuse me.对不起。
（6）Ff face to face 面对面(比较：hand in hand 手拉手，密切关联)
fail in doing sth 没做成某事
fail to do sth 无法做某事 fall asleep 入睡（比较：fall ill 病了，患病，病倒)fall behind（成就，成绩）落后于
fall down 摔下来，倒塌 fall in love with sb 爱上某人（比较：be in love with sb 与某人相爱）fall into 陷入，落入
fall off 跌落，下降
fall to / into pieces 垮台，崩溃，解体，倒塌 family name 姓氏 fax machine 传真机 far from… 远离……
fall over 跌倒，摔倒
fairy tale 童话
family tree 家谱
far away 遥远，很远
fasten / tie … to… 把……栓/别在……上feast on sth 宴饮，尽情地享受…… feed … on 喂养，饲养（比较：feed on / upon … 以……为食）
feel down 感到闷闷不乐
feel like doing sth 想做某事
feel well / terrible / better / weak 感觉好/糟/好些/虚弱 fight against 与……作斗争／打架／打仗
fight for sth 为……而斗争，争取获得某事物
fight over 为……而战，因……而争吵/争斗
fight sb / sth off 抗击某人/某事物，击退某人/某事物 fight with 与……并肩作战
figure out 理解，想明白，算出
fill in 填空，填写 fill out 把……填好
fill with 用……填充 fill A with B 把B装进A里，把A装满B fill up with… 用……装满
find out 获知，查明，查出，弄明白，发现，了解 fire escapes 安全梯
fire exit 安全出口 first aid 急救
fish farms 渔场 fit in 被他人接受，相处融洽
fit in(with sb / sth)与（某人/某事物）相适应/相协调 fix a time / date for 为……确定时间/日期 fix up 搭起，安装，修理，修补
folk song 民歌 follow customs 随俗，按照习惯
follow sb’s instructions 遵从某人的指示
follow the rules 按照规则去做
follow / take sb’s advice 听某人的劝告 forget about 忘记了
for a period of several weeks / months 在几周/几个月的一段时间里 for ever = for good 永远
for example = for instance 例如(比较：such as … 例如……，像……这样)
for free = free of charge = without payment 免费（比较：at one’s own charge / expense 自费）
for once 就这/那一次
for the first time 第一次，初次，首先
for one thing…, for another 首先……，其次……
[比较：at first = in / at the beginning 起初，首先
at first sight 第一眼，乍一看，初见之下
first of all 第一，首先，最重要
in the first place（用于列举理由时）首先，第一，原先
the first time 第一次，初次（后接状语从句）] for the reason 因为
for the sake of 由于，为了……的利益，为了……起见 free from 不受……的影响，没有……的
from now on 从现在开始，今后
from then on = from that moment on 从那时起 from … to … 从……到……
from time to time 有时，不时，偶尔 from one country to another = from country to country 从一个国家到另一个国家 from one generation to another 一代接一代地 full dress 盛装
further education 进修，深造
（7）Gg gain weight = put on weight 发福，增加体重，增肥（比较：lose weight 减肥）
gas station 加油站
gift money 压岁钱
generally speaking 总的来说，一般来说 given / first name 名字 glare at 怒视
greenhouse effect 温室效应
grow up 生长，长大 glance at 匆匆一瞥
graduate from… 毕业于…… green tea 绿茶
grow up to be… 长大后成为……
Good luck!祝你好运！Good morning / afternoon / evening!早上/下午/晚上好！（8）Hh had better(do)最好（做）
hand down 流传下去
hand in 交上去，提出，面交
hand out 散发，分发，发放 hang on 等一等，别挂电话
hang up 挂断电话 hang out（俚语）闲逛
harmony with others 与其他人和睦相处，与其他人相处和谐 hear about / of 听说，知道
hear from sb 收到某人来信
heart and soul 全心全意地
here and there 各处，处处，四处 help sb out 救助，帮助某人解决困难，帮助某人摆脱困境 help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
high school 中学，高中
hit sb on the head / in the face 打某人的头部/脸部 hold／keep / stick to 坚持，忠于 home cooking 家常做法
hold together 连在一起，团结一致 home village 家乡
hope / wish for 希望得到，对……怀着希望 host the Olympic Games 主办奥运会
hour after hour 一小时又一小时 how many / much 多少（可数名词）/多少钱（或不可数名词）how far 多远
how often 多久一次，多常
human being 人，人类
hunt animals 狩猎
how long多久 how old 几岁
hundreds of 几百，成百上千的 hunt for = search for 搜寻，寻找 Hands up.举起手来。
How are you? 你（身体）好吗？
hurry up 赶快，快点
Help oneself to sth 请随便吃。
How do you do!你好！
How is it going? 情况怎么样？ Here you are.给你。（比较： There you are.你来了。）
32（9）Ii ice cream 冰淇淋
iced tea 冰茶
ice skating 滑冰
ID card 身份证 if necessary = if it is necessary 如果需要的话
if only 要是……就好了（常用于虚拟语气）impress on sb 给某人留下好印象
（比较：be impressed by / with 对……留下印象）
in a few days = in a few days’ time 几天后 in a flash 立刻，很快，立即 in a hurry = hurriedly 匆忙地 in a slightest 一点也，根本
in a straight line 沿着直线
in a whisper 小声地
in a good mood 心情好
in a row 一个接一个地，连续不断地 in a … state 处在……的状态/情况下 in a very short while 马上，立刻
in a word 总之，简言之，一句话
（比较：in other words 换句话说，换言之
in one’s own words 用自己的话说）
in an act of revenge 作为报复
in all = in total = altogether 总共，总之 in class 在课堂上
in common 共同，共有 in condition = in good health 身体好，身体健康（比较：out of condition = in poor health身体不好 in bad / good condition 处于坏的/好的状态）
in darkness 处于一片漆黑
in danger 处于危险中
（比较：out of danger 脱离危险
in danger of 面临……的危险）in debt 欠债
in demand 有需要的 in detail 详细地
in disorder 混乱 in English 用英语（表达）
in fact = in reality = as a matter of fact事实上，实际上
in general 一般说来，通常
in history 在历史上 in hospital / prison / church 住院/坐牢/做礼拜 in … order = in order of 按顺序
in order to do = so as to do 以便，为了，为的是（so as to do不臵于句首）
in peace = peacefully 安静，宁静
in public 当众，公开地，公然，在公共场所 in return 作为回报（比较：in turn 转而，反过来，轮流）in silence 安静地，无声地
in society 在社会上
in space 在太空（比较：in outer space 在外层空间，在外太空）in store 贮藏着，准备着，就要来到
in style 流行的，时髦的
（比较：out of style = out of fashion = out of date 过时的 come into fashion = be in fashion 流行的）in surprise / astonishment 吃惊，惊讶地 in time 及时（比较：on time 准时）in trouble 处于困境中
in use 在使用中
in vain 徒劳，白辛苦
in chains（指囚犯）用链锁住的，不自由，被囚禁
in ruins 成为废墟
in tears 哭泣，掉泪 in other aspects 从其他方面
（比较：in terms of 就……而言
in large amounts 大批地，大量地
in the eyes of 在……看来)
in anxiety of 担心，担忧 in case of 假使，以防
（比较：in case 万一，以免
in that case 既然那样，假若是那样的话）
in front of 在（某人/某物）前面（比较：in the front of 在……的前部
in front 在前方，在正对面）
in honour of 出于对……的敬意，为庆祝/纪念…… in praise of 称赞，赞赏
in search of 寻找
in spite of = despite = regardless of 尽管，不管 in view of 鉴于，考虑到，由于
in want / need of … 需要，缺少…… in agreement with 与……意见一致
in conversation with 与……谈话中 in harmony with 与……协调
in relation to 与……有关的 in reply to 回答，答复，回应
in exchange for 交换，互换
in the direction of 朝……的方向（比较：in all directions 四面八方）
in the form of 以……的形式
in the heart of 在……的中心/核心部分 in the hope of(doing)sth 抱着（做某事）的希望
in the name of 以……的名义，代表（比较：name … after 给……取名，命名）in the process of 在……的过程中
in the day / daytime 在白天 in the end = at last = finally = eventually 最后，终于
in the future 在未来，将来（比较：in future 以后，今后）in / during / over the last / past ten years 在过去的十年 in the past = in the old days 在过去
in / during the rush hour 在交通高峰期 in ancient / modern times 在古代/现代 in the air 在空中
in the open air 在户外
in the rain 在雨中，冒雨 in the shade 在阴凉处
in the sun 在太阳下
in the wild 在野外，在自然环境下
in one’s(personal)opinion 依某人之见
in one’s teens 十几岁时
in one’s youth 年轻时
information
instead of… 代替……，而不是……，作为……的替换（比较：rather than 而不是）
insist on sth / doing sth 坚持某事/坚持做某事
intend to do sth 打算做某事
intend sth for … 把某物供给……用（比较：sth be intended for… 供……用）involve sb in… 使某人参加，使某人陷入……（困境），使某人牵涉到……（比较：be involved in… 参与，有关联，忙于某事）It depends.=That / It(all)depends.要看情况而定。
I dare say….我认为……。我估计……。I’m sorry.对不起。10）Jj join hands 携手，联手，合伙
join in 参加，加入
join sb(in doing sth)和某人一起做某事 join the line 排队 join up 联合起来
desk 问讯处（judge sb by sth 依据某事物判断某人，断定，认为（比较：be judged by 靠……来判断）junk food 垃圾食品
just as 恰如 just now 刚才，现在just then 正在那时
just so-so 一般
（11）Kk kick the habit 戒除某嗜好
know about 对……了解
（12）L labor force 劳动力
later on 后来，随后，以后
lay down one’s life 献出生命 lay the table 摆桌子
kind of 稍微，有点儿
know of 听说过
lack of sleep 缺少睡眠
laugh at 嘲笑，讥笑
lay off 解雇，不理会，使下岗
lead / have / live a cosy / an active life 过着舒适的/活跃的生活
lead sb to do sth = cause sb to do sth 使某人做某事 lead to = result in 通往，导致
learn about… 了解，学习有关……知识 learn …(all)by himself = teach …oneself 自学…… learn from… 向……学习，从……中学习
leave alone 不管，不打扰，不理会，随……去 leave behind 忘带，留下
leave out 省略，删掉，不考虑
leave sb by himself 把某人独自留下
leave sb where he / she is 把某人留在原地 leave school 离开学校，辍学，毕业
less than 少于，不足
let down 不支持，使失望，使沮丧 let in 放进，让……进来 lie down 躺下
let out 放掉，泄露，发出(声音)lie in 在于，位于
light bulb 电灯泡
light up 照亮，使放光彩，点上（烟）吸起来
listen to 听……
live in poverty 生活在贫困线上
lie to sb 对某人撒谎
light a fire 点火
limit … to … 把……限制在…… little by little 逐渐地
live life on the go 过着忙碌的生活
live on 以……为主食，靠……谋生，继续存在，继续活着 live one’s dream = try to realize one’s dream 努力实现梦想 live through 活过，经过（困难，危险）之后仍旧活着 live up to 依据……行事，做到，不辜负（期望）
live up to sb’s expectation = meet sb’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望 live with 忍受，与……一起住
lock sb up 将某人监禁起来，将某人锁于某处不得进出 lose control = be out of control 失去控制 lose heart 失去信心，泄气，灰心（13）Mm major in 主修，专研
main course 主菜
means of transport 交通方式
midfield player 中场球员
lose one’s life 牺牲某人的生命 Let me see.让我想想。
match …with … 把……和……相配
man-made satellite 人造卫星 medical care 医疗保健
Middle East 中东
miss one’s turn 错过 mix up 混合在一起
lose one’s sight / voice 失明 / 失声
millions of 成百上千万
mistake / take A for B 错把A当成B
mix …with … 把……和……混合 morning paper 晨报
mobile phone 可移动电话
movie stars 电影名星
more and more 越来越多
more or less 或多或少
more than = not only 不仅，不只，多于，十分（比较：more A than B 与其说B，不如说是A no more than = only 仅仅，只不过
not more than 不超过，至多）
most of 大多数
multiply … by … ……乘以…… My goodness!天啊！
musical styles 音乐风格
（14）Nn native language = mother tongue 母语
next time 下次
neck and neck 并驾齐驱，不分上下，不相上下 next to 紧接着，相邻，在旁边，次于
nine out of ten = nine in ten 十分之九
no doubt 无疑地 no longer / more = not…any longer / more 不再，已不
no matter 不论……，无论……
not as / so… as 不像，不如
not at all = not a bit 一点也不，绝非（比较：not a little = very much 很，非常）not later than 不迟于
now and then 偶尔，时而
not …till / until… 直到……才……
now that 既然
Nice to meet / meeting you.很高兴见到你。（15）Oo obey / break the rules 遵守／违反规定
obey / observe the law 遵守法律
object to 反对
occur to sb 使某人突然想到 offer advice about / on … 提出关于……的建议
of course 当然
of late = lately 最近，近来
of one’s own 属于自己的（比较：on one’s own = by oneself 独自，单独地）on a large scale 大规模地，大范围地 on a team 在一队/组，加入一队/组 on(an / the)average平均，按平均计算 on an open fire 露营
on all sides 在各方面，到处
on and on 不停地，不断地
on condition that = if 如果
on board 在（船/飞机）上
on business 出差
on display 展览，陈列 [比较：on show 展出，在上演（放映）] on duty 值日，值班
on earth 在地球上，究竟 on end 直立，竖立 on holiday 在度假
on foot 步行
on purpose = by accident 故意地 on watch 值班，守望
on the contrary 相反地，反之
on the go 奔波，忙忙碌碌的，四处奔走 on the march 在游行
on the point of 就在……的时候
on sale 上市，出售，廉价出售，减价 on the air 正在播出的on the front page 在头版
on the Internet 在互联网上 on the phone 在通话，用电话交流
on / over the radio 通过收音机
on the top of 在……的顶端
on one’s arrival / return（某人）一到达/回来
on(the)one hand…, on the other hand … 一方面, 另一方面 once in a while 偶尔，有时
once more / again 再一次 once upon a time 从前，很早以前 one after another 一个接一个
one day（过去/将来）有一天，某一天 one by one 一个一个地，逐一
one-child policy 独生子女政策
opera house 歌剧院，艺术剧院 open up 打开，开启，开创，开辟，开设，开放 operate on sb 给某人动手术
or else 否则，要不然
opposite to 在……对面 or rather 或者
ought to 应当，应该
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of order 运转不正常，出毛病 out of one’s reach 够不着
or so 大约，……左右
out of 由……里面向外，在……之外 out of danger 脱离危险
out of work 失业
over and over again 多次，反复地，一再 over there 在那边
owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 把……归功于，感谢，欠（债）owe thanks to sb for sth 因为某事感谢某人（16）Pp parking lot 停车场
pay phone（投币式）公用电话
pencil case 文具盒，铅笔盒
people with disabilities = disabled people 残疾人 persist in 坚持
physical education 体育
pen friend / pal 笔友
pencil sharpener 转笔刀，削笔刀 personal affair 隐私
phone number 电话号码
pile of(homework)一大堆（作业），一大批，一大团 places of(great)interest 名胜
pop music 流行音乐
post office 邮电局
play against … 同……比赛
play / act the role of sb = play sb 扮演某人的角色
play a part / role in … 在……中起作用 play a trick on sb 开某人的玩笑，耍弄某人 play football / basketball 踢足球／打篮球 play the piano 弹钢琴
play with 玩耍，游戏 primary school = elementary school 小学 point at 指示，指向
point to 指向
point out 指出，使注意 B更喜欢A
prepare sth 准备
prepare for sth 为某事做好准备
protect sb from / against … 保护某人免受……(伤害等)provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物
（比较：supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 给某人提供某物
offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 为某人主动提供某物）pull down 拆毁，拆除，摧毁，推翻
pull on 随便穿上 pull out of 从……中退出，（火车）驶离车站，从……拉出来
pull sb up 把……往上拉，把……拉上来
push open 推开
push(sth)over（使车船等）闪到一边 pros and cons 赞成与反对，正面和反面 pretty well 相当好，几乎，差不多（17）Qq quarrel with sb(about sth)（因某事）和某人吵架/争吵
quite a few 许多，大量
quite a lot / a bit 许多，大量
（18）Rr raise money for(good cause)为（做好事）而筹款
rank high / low 排名高/排名低
rank third 位居第三 rather than 宁可，而不是，非，与其……宁愿……
prefer A to B 相比prepare sb for sth 使某人为某事做好准备 produce / make electricity 发电
raw material 原料
record holder 记录保持者
record card 成绩单
reach out(for sth)伸手去（拿，碰）
reach out(to sth)伸出手以触到或抓到、拿到某物
read about 读到有关……
receive / get one’s doctor’s degree 获得博士学位 recommend … to sb 向某人推荐……
refer to 提到，查询，参阅，指的是，谈到，涉及，有关
relate to 理解，同情，涉及，与……有关（比较：be related to 与……有关联/关系）remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
reply to 答复
respond to 回应，反映，响应
result in 产生某种作用或结果，导致
[比较：result from 由于，（因而）发生，产生，出现] return to normal 恢复正常
ring back 给某人回电话 ring off 挂断电话，停止讲话
ring up sb = ring sb up 给某人打电话 roll over 翻滚，倒转 rock band 摇滚乐队 rise / come to fame 成名
round up 使集合在一起，使聚拢
roller skating 滑旱冰
running water 自来水 ruin sth = bring sth to ruin 使……变成废墟 run after 追赶，追求，追逐，在……之后跑
run at 冲向，向……攻击
run away 流失，逃跑，逃走，失控
run away from school =drop out of school 逃学
run for 竞选
run into / across = come across = meet …by chance = happen to meet 偶然遇见 run off 跑掉，迅速离开
run out of sth 用完…… [比较：(sth)run out 耗尽，用光，用完] run over 压死，看一遍，跑过去 run a business 做生意
run / start a restaurant 开餐馆
rush sb off one’s feet 使某人忙得不亦乐乎，使某人忙得不可开交 rush out 冲出去
rush through 掠过，快速通过
（19）Ss satisfy / meet the needs of … 满足……的需要 save money 存钱
save sb’s life 挽救某人的生命 say “no” to … 拒绝，否认，不同意
say thanks to … 向……表示感谢
say to oneself 心里想，自言自语
school day 学校上课时
school play 校园剧
school things 学习用具
school / field trip 郊游
search for 搜查，寻找，查找
self rescue 自救
see for oneself 自己去看，亲眼看
see sb off 为某人送行（比较：meet sb 接某人）see to 处理，料理，照顾
seek after 追求
see to it that…= make sure that… 确保，务使
seek for 寻找
sell out 卖完，出卖
sense of responsibility 责任感 sentence / beat sb to death 判处某人死刑 / 把某人打死
separate … from … 把……和……分离开 serve as 作为，当作
serve in the army 服役 serve the dishes 上菜
serve the people 为人民服务 settle an argument about… 解决关于……的争论
settle down 定下心来，安家落户，定居，平静下来 settle for 勉强同意，接受
settle in（使）习惯（环境等），定居 settle up 付清，结账
share(in)sth 分享
shop assistsant 售货员
shoot at 向……射击
shout at(sb)冲(某人)嚷嚷 show off 炫耀
shake hands with sb 和某人握手 share sth with sb 与某人分享……
short wave 短波
[比较：smile at(sb)冲（某人）笑]
show up 出席，露面
show respect for sb 对某人表示尊敬
show sb how to do sth 教某人做某事
show sb out / in 送某人出去/ 迎某人进来 show sb to the door 带某人到门口 shut up 闭嘴
shut down 关闭，把……关上 silver screen 银幕
sit up 熬夜
social problems 社会问题
sign an agreement with… 与……达成协议 sit down = be seated 坐着，坐下
side by side 肩并肩，一起，相互支持 soft drink 清凉饮料，软饮料 soup opera 肥皂剧，连续剧 some day 将来某一天，来日 sooner or later 迟早，终归
speak about 谈论，交谈
speak of 谈到
solar system 太阳系
so far = up till now 到目前为止
some … , others … 一些……，另一些…… sound like 听起来像……
speed skating 速滑 speak against 发表抨击 speak out 大胆讲出 space / train station 太空／火车站
speak to 谈话，与……通话
speed by 飞驰而过 speed up 加快速度（比较：slow down 减缓，减速，慢下来）
spend …(in)doing sth 花（钱，时间）做某事
spend …on sth 在……花费（钱，时间）spread out 伸开，铺开
stage name 艺名
standing room 立足之地 stone by stone 一块石头一块石头地
straight away 立刻地，毫不犹豫地 stare at 凝视，盯着看
start a fire 引起火灾
starve to death 饿死
stay away 不在家，外出
stay away from… 与……保持距离
stay the same = remain the same 保持不变 stay up 挺住，站立，开夜车，醒着，不睡，熬夜 stick to 粘住，坚持，忠于
stick with 继续支持，保持联系 stop doing sth 停止做某事
[比较：stop to do sth 停下来做某事
stop …(from)doing sth 阻止……做某事]
strike at 向……袭击／打击
struggle against… 同……做斗争 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
succeed in… 在……获成功
（比较：succeed in doing sth = be successful in doing sth成功地做了某事）suffer from… 受……苦
support / raise the family 养家
suit … to … 使……适合于…… surf the internet 上网冲浪
struggle to do sth 挣扎着（竭力去）做某事
sweep away（风）吹走,（浪）卷走
sweep the floor 扫地
sweep down 吹倒，席卷，冲倒
switch on /off 开/关（电灯、机器等）
swimming pool 游泳池
Say “Hi” to sb for me.= Give my regards to sb =Remember me to sb 代我向某人问好。
Say goodbye to sb 向某人告辞/告别。（20）Tt table manners 餐桌礼节，用餐规矩
talent show 天才表演
talk show 访谈节目
talk of 谈到
talk to 与某人交谈／谈话
telephone booth 电话亭
tennis racket 网球拍
tear down 拆毁，拆除
See you soon / later.再见。table tennis 乒乓球（运动）tape recorder 磁带录音机
talk about 谈论，交谈，议论
talk … through（充分）讨论，详细讨论 talk with 和……交谈
telephone number 电话号码
tear at 用力撕
tear sth into pieces 把某物撕成碎片
tell a lie 说谎
tell… from… 把……和……分开
tear up 撕毁，取消（合同）
tell … apart 识别，辨别，区分开 tell the truth 说真话
tell the difference between A and B 说出/分辨A和B 的区别 tend to 趋于，朝某方向
test on 在……做实验 test the blood 验血
Thanksgiving Day 感恩节
thanks to… 多亏了，幸亏，由于，因为（比较：due to = owing to = because of 由于，因为）than usual 比平常……
the Antartic 南极 [比较：the South / North(Pole)南/北极] the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
（比较：the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
the Indian Ocean 印度洋
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
the Yellow River 黄河）
the butterfly 蝶泳
the Capital Stadium 首都体育馆 [比较：the Great Wall 长城 the People’s Republic of China
the day after tomorrow 后天 the entrance to ……的入口
the Maglev Train 磁悬浮列车
thanks for…因为……而感谢the Palace Museum 故宫（博物馆）
中华人民共和国（简称PRC）] the day before yesterday 前天
(the)long / high jump 跳远/高 the majority / minority of people 大多数/少数人
the(more)…, the(more)… 越……，越……
the next morning 第二天早上
the other day 前几天，某日 the other way around 相反地，用相反方式
the Olympic Games / the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会 the problem with … 关于……的问题
the same to 对……也一样
the United Nations 联合国
the same as 与……同样的the United Kingdom 英国 the United States 美国
the way to do sth / of doing sth 做……的方法
the working people 工人，劳动人民
the World Championship 世锦赛
this very night 就在这个晚上
thousands of 成千上万
Three Gorges Dam Project 三峡大坝工程 three meters deep = three metres in depth 三米深
through thick and thin 不顾艰难
throw light upon / on 阐明某事，使某事显得很清楚
throw about 四处乱扔
throw away 扔掉
throw at 向……扔去
throw up 吐出（事物），呕吐
tie A to B 把A 绑在B 上
tie … up 系，栓，捆 tie up(one’s hair)= do up(one’s hair)（头发）扎起来
tire out 筋疲力尽
tire oneself out 使自己疲惫不堪 time and time again = over and over again 多次，不断地，反复 time area 时区
toast to the New Year 为新年干杯 to begin with = to start with 首先，作为开始，第一点
to be honest = honestly speaking 老实说，说实在的
to make matters / things worse = worse still 使事情/情况更困难/危险，更糟糕的是 to … degree 达到……程度
to one’s knowledge 据某人所知 to one’s regret / sorrow / surprise / joy 使某人遗憾/悲伤/惊讶/高兴的是 to the north of 在……以北
to the point 中肯，扼要，切中要害
too many 太多
too much 太多，过分，太
too … to = so … that 太……以至于不能 tongue twister 绕口令 track and field 田径 travel agent 旅行社
traffic lights 交通指挥灯，红绿灯 trial and error 反复实验，不断探索
trade for 交易
trade in 以交易方式购入 trade … with sb 与某人做……交易（买卖）transform … into… 把……转变成……
treat sb badly 虐待
treat sb to sth 请某人吃……
trip over（被……）绊倒
trust(in)= have trust in = rely on 信赖，信任
try on 试穿（衣，鞋，帽等），试试看，耍弄（花招）try out 试验，尝试，试用
try one’s best 竭尽所能 TV series 电视连续剧
twice the size of 是……的两倍之大
This way, please.请走这边。
（21）Uu under arrest 被拘留
TV station 电视台
Thank goodness!谢天谢地！It’s time to do….该做……了。under attack / fire 被攻击
under construction / control / discussion 在建设／控制／讨论中 under repairs 在修理中
under the command of 在某人控制之下，在……的指挥下
under the direction of 在……的指导下 unite as one 团结一致
upside down 颠倒着，倒转着
up to 正在做，从事于，大约，多达
use up….用完……，用尽……（22）Vv
VCD player 影碟播放机
（23）Ww wait for 等待，等候
up and down 来回，上上下下，来来往往 up to date 现代的，时新的，据目前所知的
very much = a lot 很，非常，十分
wait / stand in queue = wait / stand in line 排队等侯 waiting room 等候(候车)室
wake up 醒来
wake sb up 把某人吵/叫醒 walk / run up to = go / come up to 上前去 want all day off 请假一整天 wash away 冲走
washing machine 洗衣机
wash down 冲走，冲垮
watch out(for…)留神，提防，注意
watch over 看守，照看
wear away 磨掉，消耗
watch TV 看电视
wear out 穿破，把……穿旧，磨坏，使……疲劳 [比较：be worn out（衣服等）穿破/被损坏，（人）疲惫不堪/感到疲劳] what else 而且
what if… 倘使……将会怎样，如果……将会怎样 win … prize 获得……奖
win the first place（比赛）得了第一名 win sb 把某人争取过来（比较：beat / defeat sb 打败某人）wipe out 去除，消灭
wish … every success 祝…… 成功
wish each other good luck 互相祝福
without a sound 悄无声息地
without limit 无限地
without luck 运气不好
with the help of＝with sb’s help 在……的帮助下 with the purpose of 有……的目的
wonder at 对……感到惊讶
word for word 逐字地
work as an actress 做女演员
work at 从事，致力于，干……活动（研究）
work on … 继续工作，从事于……，忙于……，不断做…… work out 算出，解决，想出（办法），制定（计划），结局，至最后 work with … 对……起作用
worry about 为……担心，烦恼
would rather 宁愿，宁可 wrap up 包好，伪装
write to 写信给
work permit 工作许可证
would like 想要（婉转表达个人的想法、看法）wrap sth in 用……把某物包起来
write down 记下，写下
Well done / said!干得好/说得好！
What a pity!多可惜！真遗憾！
What a shame!太不好意思了！太遗憾了！What / How about…? ……怎么样？……好不好？
What becomes of … ？ ……变得怎样了？ What kind …? 何种……？
What time …? 几点……？ What’s on? 发生了什么事？
What’s the population of …? ……有多少人口？ What’s up? 怎么啦？
What’s wrong / the matter? 怎么了？
Would you mind…? 你介意……吗？
（24）Yy year after year 年复一年，年年，每年（重复）year by year 一年年（逐渐变化）Young Pioneer 少先队员
7.如何做好高考第一轮复习 篇七
一、注重学法探究,狠抓基础知识
(一)及时反思
教师要让学生在每天、每周以至每月,针对所学科目的章节进行细致认真地小结,主要思考以下四个方面的问题:
1.学了哪些知识?
2.学习这些知识时用了怎样的学习方法和策略?
3.学习效果如何?是否达到了教师所期望的目标?
4.复习和预习环节进行的如何?是否需要调整?
(二)学法探究
1.利用网络媒体及其他途径学习有效的、不同的学习方法。
2.同一习题用不同的方法去完成,并认真比较取得的不同结果。
3.善于总结自己的学习方法,发现自身存在的问题。
4.学习过程中要善于发现并总结知识内在的联系和解题技巧;要做到找方法、寻规律、抓特征、分层次、记要点、勤总结。
(三)抓基础知识
1.避难、避怪、避偏,记忆基本的、常见的知识,并掌握基本的学习方法和解题技巧。
2.复习中要避免宽、泛、广,做到细、实而有针对性。
3.在遵循教师总的学习安排的同时,倡导个性、自主化学习,要让学生在学习中学会恰当的自我定位。学习过程中要确保自己所学过
的知识的完整性,使所学知识由点到线,由线到面,形成严密而扎实的知识体系。
二、认真对待每次训练,切实做好考后总结
对高三的师生而言,考试变成了家常便饭,学生忙于答卷,教师疲于阅卷,师生都感觉又累又烦。这就自然而然产生了一个问题:高三师生如何对待名目繁多的考试呢?
(一)教师方面
1.认真分析试卷的内容及其结构。
(1)知识点的分布情况,不同知识点在试卷中所占分的比例。
(2)试题的难易程度及出题的角度。
(3)掌握学生的得分和失分情况,剖析学生解题中的错误思路,了解学生知识的薄弱环节。教师要清楚哪道题目、哪几个选项出现了哪几种类型的错误,反映了学生哪些知识方面的欠缺和不足;了解学生在某一题目解答上或知识点的运用上的共性问题,哪些是教学中没讲到的知识,哪些是讲过多次仍然做错,哪些是技巧性失分;哪些是个性现象,哪些是普遍现象。
(4)教师把试卷涉及到的知识点作一个系统的整理,通过试卷知识网络的建立,将试题中涉及的所有知识串通起来。
2.上好试卷讲评课。
(1)内容:哪些该讲,哪些要重点讲,要做到心中有数。
(2)方法:师生之间共同探究,重视对解题思路的分析和点拨。更重要的是对重点、热点、难点题目进行适当的变形,力求让学生学会举一反三。
3.做好试卷讲评后的巩固工作。
(1)检查对试卷中所涉及知识的识记情况。
(2)有针对性地补充一定量的作业和练习。
(二)学生方面
要积极引导学生正确面对每次考试的成绩,不能因成绩好而沾沾自喜,也不能因成绩低而自暴自弃,更不能对成绩的高低不屑一顾,而要做到以下几点:
1.找自己的“区间分”。可能因为书写,也可能因为速度、时间、应试心理和方法技巧等因素影响,总有一些不该失去的分却失去了,因而要仔细分析失分的原因,在以后的考试中减少这些不利因素的影响。
2.和其他学生比较,看清自己的优势以及存在的问题。
3.反思所取得的成绩和自己的目标的差距,找出原因。
4.反思自己学习中所用的学习方法,哪些是有效的,哪些是低效的。
三、强化过程,抓好细节
(一)在做好短期复习计划的同时重视学生的预习环节。教会学生如何做好复习课的预习工作,其目的是要学生的“学”和教师的“教”都有针对性,以免浪费课堂时间。
(二)做好课内外学习的衔接。在高三阶段,很多学生都感觉到自己的复习效果不佳,其主要原因是学生没有做好课内外学习的衔接,也就是说学生课后复习的不是当时、当天所学的内容,从而造成巩固和练习的不一致。因而在高三复习阶段的课外学习中,教师应要求学生做到:
1.课后及时整理笔记,总结、归纳课堂所学的重点内容。
2.课堂学习过程中要“标记”、“重温”和“领悟”老师讲过及自己做过的重点和常考题,重点学习审题角度、答题策略和解题技巧。
3.课后要有针对性地做一些练习题,以巩固所学知识,提高学生运用所学知识去解决实际问题的能力。编辑:张昀
8.提高地理高考一轮复习效率 篇八
关键词：地理；一轮复习；高效
中图分类号：G427 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1992-7711（2013）01-087-1
高考一轮复习阶段，就是在已学过的知识基础上巩固性整理和升华性提炼精髓的高级学习阶段。这一阶段的学习，直接关系到学生消化、整合学科知识的程度和运用能力的提升水平。本学期我校高考一轮复习地理教学实施“五二一一式”教学模式，通过这种模式激活了课堂，提高了效率。
一、课堂5分钟，让学生活起来
这一活动，不仅能了解学生对于主要知识点的掌握情况，而且能让学生尽快地进入到课堂学习状态，为本节课的有效教学奠定一个坚实的基础。
检查学生知识点的落实情况，形式可以多样，如采用默写、黑板板演、作图、提问或者自己编制的练习等。
二、课堂20分钟，让学生学起来
这一环节是一堂课的主体，复习的首要任务是使学生完善学科知识网络体系的建立，注重学习思路与方法，这也是高三复习课的基本任务。
（一）构建知识网络体系
在进行高考一轮复习时，由于时间紧、课时少、任务重，不少教师匆匆讲完课程内容，草草结束复习，早早进入训练，从而导致学生知识结构缺乏整体性和系统性，出现知识体系不清楚，知识点混淆，因此在复习时首先要帮助学生构建知识体系，梳理不同单元不同章节相关的地理概念、地理原理、地理规律、地理特征、地理分布等，指导学生了解知识的组成要素，探究其相互关系，并通过绘制图表，绘出结构式、关系式来帮助学生归纳总结。
在构建知识网络时，特别注意的是，重视概念原理规律的复习。首先要分析概念的本质属性，然后研究概念的适用范围，最后联系实际，利用概念作出判断推理。比如“气旋”概念，首先分析它的本质属性：是在等压线闭合的低气压区，由水平方向空气旋转运动，垂直方向空气上升运动形成的立体空气漩涡，在闭合等压线形成的低气压区才会形成气旋。对基本原理和规律的本质分析，要注重使用范围，形成原因以及原理的多角度应用等方面。如：“世界洋流的分布”，在复习这部分内容时，首先要理解洋流形成的原因，然后总结洋流的分布规律，以副热带海区为中心的大洋环流是反气旋型的，以副极地为中心的大洋环流是气旋型的。只有这样还不行，还要注意北印度洋的季风洋流和南半球的南极环流，这样既掌握了一般规律，又能理解个别区域的差异，进而分析洋流对环境的影响，这样不仅能够深刻理解规律，而且可以灵活运用规律解决问题。
（二）前勾后连完善知识网络体系
在完成所有知识梳理工作后，可以通过提出相关的地理问题，让学生联想，从而达到完善知识网络的目的。如复习完“地球的运动”这部分时，提出“在冬至日，为什么我国北方正午太阳高度比南方低，昼长比南方短？在夏至日，为什么我国北方的正午太阳高度比南方低，而昼长却比南方长？”学生想到了地球的公转运动，太阳高度角及其纬度变化、季节变化，太阳直射点的季节移动，昼夜长短的季节变化，太阳辐射与纬度的关系，我国冬夏气温的分布及差别等等。
总之，在这一环节的学习中，学生应是学习的主人，教师只是导引者，给学生提供正确的思维导向，最大限度地调动学生学习的主动性、积极性，让学生自己构建知识体系，引导学生探究、合作学习，遇到问题及时发现，及时指导。
三、课堂10分钟，让学生动起来
构建完知识网络，掌握要学习的主要内容，就要求学生仔细读图看图。地图是地理学的第二语言，是地理信息的载体，是学习地理最重要最有力的工具，在建立空间概念提高空间能力方面具有无可替代的重要作用，要培养学生读地图的习惯，将日常学习和生活中接触到的地理区位都落实到地图上。在教与学的过程中，注重对学生读图、识图和分析地图能力的培养。培养学生从地图上获取信息的能力和图文转换的能力。学会读图、看图、画图对培养学生的观察能力、想象能力和地理思维能力都有很大帮助。如复习完“天气与气候”这部分内容，可以联想到“大气环流图”、“气压带、风带分布图”、“世界气候类型分布图”以及“世界政区图”、“中国政区图”等等，把有关知识落实到图上。这样图文结合，化难为易，有效地提高了复习效率，形成以图释文，以图析题的能力。
四、课堂10分钟，让学生练起来
从地理教学实际看，学生巩固地理知识，培养解决地理问题能力的主要渠道是通过各种练习实现的。如何安排学生高质量地完成练习，应该是每个高三地理教师值得重视的问题。这一环节中当堂的练习题或检测题，本人主要从以下几点考虑：（1）以典型题和图为突破口，举一反三，把握解题思路；（2）突出题目的典型性，突出重点；（3）突出题目的针对性，针对高考考点；（4）注重题目的热点、焦点问题；（5）不出机械记忆、低水平重复性的题目，不出偏题、难题、怪题。最后通过练的过程，对当堂知识，当堂检测，当堂掌握，师生共同查缺补漏，提高课堂效率。
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