英文教师推荐信(精选7篇)
1.英文教师推荐信 篇一
deardr.anderson,mr.liquanzhiwhohasjustreturnedtochinafromyouruniversityinformedthatyouarecoideringthepoibilityofofferingachineselanguagecoursetoyourstudentsinthene某tacademicyearandmayhaveanopeningforateacherofthechineselanguage.iamverymuchinterestediuchaposition.ihavebeenteachingchineseliteratureandcompositionatcollegelevelsince1980.inthepastthreeyears,ihaveworkediummerprograms,teachingthechineselanguageandculturetostudentsfromenglish-eakingcourtries.asaresult,igottoknowwellthecommoroblemsofthesestudentsandhowtoadaptteachingtoachievethebestresults.withyearsofinteiveenglishtraining,ihavenodifficultyconductingclaesinenglishandfeelqueitcomfortableworkingwithamericatudents.iwillbeavailableafterfebruary1998.pleasefellfreetocontactmeifyouwishmoreinformation.thankyouverymuchforyourcoiderationandilookforwardtohearingfromyou.sincerelyyours,shihongqi
安德森博士:
从刚从贵校返回的李全志先生处,德知贵校正在考虑下学年给贵校学生开设中文课,或可有一中文教师之空缺。本人对此职颇有兴趣。
从1980年起,本人一直在高校讲授中国文学与写作课程。过去三年中,我曾主讲暑期课程,向来自英语国家的学生教授中国语言与文化。因此,我对外国学生常见的学习困难非常熟知,并能设法改进教授方法以取得最佳效果。
积数年对英语的勤奋学习,我能毫无困难地用英语讲课,并能与美国学生轻松相处。
本人1998年2月后即可到任。如需本人其他情况请随时来函。谢谢你的考虑并期盼回音。
阅读本文的人还同时阅读了:英语自荐信范文 英语自荐信
2.英文教师推荐信 篇二
关键词:高校教师,英文主页,构建新特点,文化归因,改善
高校教师个人英文主页研究的意义
校园网教师个人主页是教师个人学术形象的网络载体,承载着构建个人与学校国际形象、宣扬高等院校实力的重要职能。作为教师形象的电子呈现方式,教师主页随着信息技术的快速发展应运而生并蓬勃发展,当今网络时代的影响力已远远超越了传统的纸质媒介。据国外一项对50多万学术研究人员的调查显示,受调查者中,71%的学者都拥有至少一个个人主页[1]。
教师个人主页的广泛建立引发了国外语言学界的关注,众多学者分别以主页内容[2]等多个要素作为影响因子进行了主页的相关研究。目前,教师英文主页在我国众多重点高校也普遍建立起来。然而,以“教师英文主页”为关键词对中国知网的检索发现,相关研究还处于几近空白的状态;针对高等院校英文网页的研究多聚焦于“学校介绍”或“校长致辞”这一单一语篇类型。教师是高校教学与科研的中坚力量,教师个人英文主页的构建直接关系到教师个人及所在高校国际形象的展示。鉴于此,探寻、总结国外构建高校教师主页好的做法,探讨国内教师英文主页在数量快速增长的同时,是否成熟、完善,具有质的保障,指出可能存在的不足具有重要意义与较大的实践推广价值;相关研究的展开将有助于国内教师英文主页建构与国外同类网页文献的接轨,从而更好地宣传国内高校的实力,吸引国际学生来华学习以及寻求和国外高校的交流与合作,有力地推进我国高等教育国际化发展战略的实施、国际间高校合作的开展、促进高校国际影响力的增强。
国外高校教师英文主页构建的演变、新特点与文化归因
回顾国外相关文献,早期的研究多认为高校教师个人英文主页的构建需服务于教师就职高校的宣传功能,以吸引更多的资源[3];教师们在主页构建的实际过程中往往也并不需要“撰写”,而只需将特定的学科领域所重视的要素,如科研兴趣、教研工作经历等予以“组合”即可[4]。20世纪末21世纪初,随着教师主页的构建教师个体特色表现得日趋明显,以上观点开始受到了质疑,学者们也相应地就教师个人特色的表现与院校模板限制之间的协调与融合问题进行了相关探讨。著名语言学家K.Hyland将高校教师主页语料分析与对小范围教师的“电子邮件访谈”相结合,在对教师主页的文本、照片呈现及超链接使用进行研究之后发现,教师主页文本主要包含工作经历、研究兴趣、成就荣誉、教育背景、个人信息、教学工作、联系方式、出版发表物与学术会议参加、学术团体职位9部分;这些内容的出现主要与高校教师的主页模板设置要求有关,尤其是前两部分在各篇主页文本中均有出现,以突出教师的学术形象。但在受到模板限制的同时,教师个人仍努力在主页中凸显个人特色,具体的策略包括在文本中设置超链接,以展示与其个人有关的学术活动、著作的图片或与个人教育、研究经历有关的知名人物简介等,[5]在遵循主页模板要求的同时力图丰富个人的形象塑造。不可否认的是,这些极具个人特色的超链接与图片被“挪用”到主页之后,不仅减弱了模板使用易导致的刻板的“学究式”印象,而且将教师的个人形象展现得更为丰满多面,使内容变得更加鲜活可信、富有勃勃生机与人性美感。
国外高校教师主页对于个人多维度形象塑造的日益重视与西方文化对个人主义的崇尚密不可分。西方国家文化多属于低语境文化,强调显性、明了;20世纪,西方文化对个人主义的推崇更是达到了高峰,人们追求个体的独立性,多敢于突出自我,强调自我价值的体现。表现在个人主页的构建方面,高校教师多寻求在遵循学校统一的网页模板内容要求的基础之上,表现出一定的个人特色,以彰显作为网页内容主体的重要地位,使读者印象深刻,避免与他人的雷同,从而有效宣扬自身与院校。
国内高校教师英文主页的构建现状、文化归因与改善尝试
随着国内外高校合作交流的日趋频繁,众多国内知名高校纷纷意识到了教师主页建设的重要性,近年来,教师主页建设已成为高校网站建设的要素之一。通过笔者对部分985、211院校教师主页的分析发现,国内教师主页内容的主体架构较为完善,与国外主页类似,也包含工作经历、研究兴趣、成就荣誉、出版发表物等部分;但遗憾的是,超链接的使用几近为零,除教师个人照片迥异,各个高校的教师主页体现出较为明显的模板痕迹,显得较为单薄。国内教师主页构建表现出的不足与中国文化潜移默化的影响密不可分,中国文化是典型的高语境文化,注重内隐、含蓄,中国人自古强调“克己”,在交际时奉行谦虚、低调的原则。因此,在呈现个人主页时,也往往惯于遵从模板的要求,以保持与他人一致,避免“锋芒毕露”。
值得注意的是,目前已有部分国内高校教师认识到了英文个人主页的不足与误区,力所能及地进行了改善。他们结合个人在海外学习与工作过程中对国外教师主页的认知,在英文主页构建过程中明确英文网页读者群主体的西方文化背景特点与目标期待,力图在满足模板要求的基础之上以超链接或是导航条等多种形式补充一些具有个人色彩的内容,如师生欢聚、同行交流、个人学术游历的图片、文字等。[6]在满足主页模板内容要求的同时有效适宜地彰显个人的与众不同之处,积极、友善、勤奋、敬业的活生生的个人形象呼之欲出,使读者过目不忘。
建议
英文主页是高校教师面向国际重要的身份展示平台,高质量的教师主页的意义不言而喻。教师应该具备良好的学习能力和习惯,构建过程中多参照国外相关网页、拓宽眼界,学习一些较为成熟的做法。要正确地认识网站教师主页模板的作用,“一分为二”看模板,一方面要利用其对主页构建要求的高度凝练,掌握英文主页构建的主要特点,相对较快地“入乡随俗”,以构建出符合英语国家表达习惯的个人主页,并为他们所接受,从而较为有效地进行跨文化交流。另一方面,也要加强对国外教师主页模板使用的具体分析,不能满足于单纯的“照搬照用”,要认真探究国外教师主页细节表达中体现出的西方文化特点,对比中西文化差异,充分重视文化对网页构建的影响,明确目标文化的期待,注意避免由于东西方文化差异造成的误区,这样,才有可能达到较为理想的沟通与传播效果,使高校教师英文网页真正发挥其作用、体现其价值。
参考文献
[1][2011-04-28]Tang,J.,Zhang,D.,Yao,L.(2007).Social network extraction of academic researchers.In Seventh IEEE international conference on data mining.http://keg.cs.tsinghua.edu.cn/../ICDM07-Tang-et-al-Academic-Network-Extraction.pdf.
[2]Dumont,K.,&Frindte,W.(2005).“Content analysis of the homepages of academic psychologists.”Computers in Human Behavior,21(1):73–83.
[3]Foucault,M.(1972).The archeology of knowledge.London:Tavistock.
[4]Chandler,D.&Roberts-Young,D.(1998).The construction of identity in the personal homepages of adolescents.http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/short/strasbourg.html.
[5]K.Hyland.“The presentation of self in scholarly life:Identity and marginalization in academic homepages.”English for Specific Purposes,2011(30):286–297.
3.英文影视片教学中教师角色探析 篇三
关键词:英语教学;英文影视片;教师角色
多媒体和网络技术的发展促使英语教学的方式呈现了多样化。充分利用英文影视片进行教学,对提高学生的语言运用能力和文化适应力具有明显的促进作用。英文影视片呈现的是真实交际情景,教学从真实语境出发,身临其境的感觉能让学生加深对语言和文化的理解,增强对语言的记忆,而影视片中语言的权威性使习得的语言更加准确、自然。真实情景的教学打破了利用文本传授语言知识和培训语言技能的教学框架,教学的中心与重心得到了有效的转移,学生成为学习的主体。教师在英文影视片情境中教学,被赋予了多重角色。
一、理论阐述
以维果斯基的理论为基础的社会建构主义是继认知建构主义之后的又一重要理论。它的基本观点是知识来源于社会的建构,个体与社会是相互联系的,学习与发展是有意义的社会协商。社会建构主义理论强调社会情景、互动和文化对认知发展的巨大作用,认为学习的本质是共同体中社会对话的过程,知识具有建构性、情景性和复杂性的特点。英文影视片教学是在真实情景中进行的教学,体现了情景教学的理念。情景教学理论所倡导的学习是在具体的情景中进行,学习应与真实活动紧密结合,学习者必须积极参与学习,要“合理地”“边缘性参与”真实的实践活动,并愿意随时准备完成呈现的任务。
二、英文影视片教学中教师的角色
1.认知目标和情感目标的设计者
影视片创设建构主义的情景化教学环境,有利于学生在目的语的语境中进一步提高语用能力。语言学习是与一定社会文化背景相关的。教师要根据影视片的内容、语言特点、教学目标、学生实际认知水平设计教学。设计要体现出引领性,要求学生课前完成指向性的预习,可以阅读影片的介绍,原著简易读物或是查阅影评,借以达到教学前的接纳,内化部分新知并与先知建立相关联系,利于课堂学习时高效的意义构建。
2.语言习得的指导者
英文影视片教学是对文本教学所缺乏真实语境强有力的补充。面对真实的情景授课,教师要指导学生采取多元的认知加工策略,发展新的学习风格,尽快进入建构主义的“情景”之中学习。教师要着眼于影视片不同情景对词语选择的影响、语义理解和语用掌握,指导学生学会不同语境中说话人如何表达,例如怎样说见面语、道别语、抱歉语和婉转语等。影视片是学习目的语文化中非语言行为的直观教材,不同民族的文化造成丰富的非语言行为,肢体语言、面部表情等都承载了不同的文化和习俗。教师要引导学生深入了解不同民族的行为方式,及时讲解非语言行为的内涵,促使学生将语言学习与文化学习有机结合,提高跨文化交际的能力。
3.互动中的促进者
课堂互动是一种社会交往,教师要促进学生与影视片之间进行互动活动,在具体的情境中,促使学生从不同认知角度进行互动协商,通过互动加快语言生成,主动建构起新的知识体系和新的语用能力,逐步掌握更高层次认知活动的方法和技能。在互动中,还要促进学生改变学习行为,突出学生的主体地位,让他们意识到在当下的学习情景中,自己是语言学习实践的主体,他们的主体意识越强,语言习得投入的程度就越高,便于顺利进行自我建构语言知识和技能。
4.文化建构的中介者
教师作为中介者的作用还要帮助学生获得发展进步,学会处理问题,适应各种文化情况和社会变化以及掌握应付各种挑战所需要的知识、技能和策略。艺术价值高的经典影视片是一个民族特定时期社会与文化形象的反映。影视片教学中教师应该扮演东西文化桥梁的角色,帮助学生了解各民族不同历史时期社会发展史,识别、包容教育差异、思维方式差异、生活态度差异以及语言差异,避免因文化误解导致文化冲突。共享多元文化,取其精华,存其真谛,提高对西方文化的认同和适应能力,推进文化和语言体系的重构。
5.学习过程的评价者
教师在评价时,要以学生心智发展为原则,不仅要注重对学生认知能力的评价,也要重视对学生情感及行为能力的评价。因此对学生的评价应采用利于学生心智发展的形成性评价,帮助学生明确了解自己目前的实际水平和教学目标之间的差距,引导并督促他们果断采用新的学习方法。无论是信息获取加工能力、语言运用能力还是学习策略的使用,教师都要给予客观的评价,帮助学生树立起学习的自信心。建立学习过程档案,记录下每次评价的结果,掌握学生现有认知水平发展的状况,使之成为教师进行个性化指导、调整教学策略和教学方式的可靠依据。
英语影视片教学为英语教学和学习提供了真实语境,极大激发了学生的学习兴趣,强化了认知过程和学生学习的主动性,实现了语言知识与技能在真实情境中的获得和发展,有效提高了学生的语言运用能力和文化适应能力。随着英语教改的不断深入,英语教学的方法、手段和模式会在教学重心从“教”向“学”的转移过程中更加多样,无论是课前的教学设计者,还是课中的组织者和管理者及评价者,教师的角色要以教学理论为指导,以做出更快、更准确的调整,从而满足教学的需要。
参考文献:
[1]何克抗.建构主义——革新传统教学的理论基础[J].电化教育研究,1977(3).
4.英语教师英文自荐信 篇四
Hello!First of all, your hard work to extend our deep respect!At the same time, also thank you for your busy schedule in my recommended reading materials.I am the Beijing Foreign Languages University English Majors 200x session a student will be faced with graduation.Experienced a four-year college education and college life, in the face of new opportunities and challenges, I am more determined the “self-confidence, self-reliance, diligence, modesty,” the doctrine of life.Beijing Foreign Language University is well-known English talent training base, renowned for their rigorous scholarship, well known for educating people.In such a learning environment, I appreciate the vital to the fun of learning English and determined to be a people dedicated to teaching English to their own education, whether in knowledge or in the quality of self-cultivation, I have benefited from.“High school teacher, who is Fan” is the famous aphorism I have in mind.To learn in my four years at the university to study hard and continue to enrich themselves and self-adjustment.In school, I start from the characteristics of English Majors in listening, speaking, reading, writing, translation and other aspects of the strict demands on themselves.Good performance of the subjects.Sophomore year with good results when passed a professional examination of the four, third year with good results, they adopted the Beijing Foreign Studies University CET professionals is now actively Note 8 National Examination for English Majors.At the same time, I learned a large number of extra-curricular knowledge, reading the original English text of books, newspapers, periodicals, magazines, and regularly participates in various academic activities of faculties to expand the breadth and depth of knowledge.English proficiency to be able to respond to business letters and timely translation of a variety of day-to-day presentation, be fluent in English communication.The French second language also have a certain amount of listening and speaking ability.Computer proficiency in the use of office to office software and windows operating systems, proficiency in a variety of document processing.In addition, I also participated in various school-related professional training, as well as English Teacher training.Four years at the university won the award four scholarships.Character I cheerful, optimistic, progressive, self-confident, stable, humorous, sincere and pragmatic, others warm and sincere.A serious and responsible work, initiative, able to bear hardships and stand hard.Have a stronger organizational capacity, the actual practical ability and group spirit of collaboration that can quickly adapt to various environments and the integration of them.In schools tended to have better relationships with classmates, in various types of social practice activities, such as the tutor, all kinds of enterprises, such as marketing and promotional efforts, and colleagues have established a good interpersonal skills.These social work practice, I have a keen insight to determine the ability of independent thinking, decisive actions, as well as team spirit, the most important thing is the style, the Road Institute.Solid expertise and accumulated experience of social practice of self-confidence so that I can do the work required by your school.I have the knowledge, courage and look forward to your insights appreciated!
I have the wisdom, love and confidence will help you achieve the ambitious Albert!
Finally, I wish your school education have a higher and higher waves, tomorrow is far better than today!
5.教师英文求职自荐信 篇五
Dear Dr. Anderson,
Mr.Li Quanzhi who has just returned to China from your university informed that you are considering the possibility of offering a Chinese language course to your students in the next academic year and may have an opening for a teacher of the Chinese language. I am very much interested in such a position.
I have been teaching Chinese literature and composition at college level since 1980. In the past three years, I have worked in summer programs, teaching the Chinese language and culture to students from English-speaking courtries. As a result, I got to know well the common problems of these students and how to adapt teaching to achieve the best results.
With years of intensive English training, I have no difficulty conducting classes in English and feel queit comfortable working with American students.
I will be available after February .Please fell free to contact me if you wish more information. Thank you very much for your consideration and I look forward to hearing from you.
Sincerely yours,
6.英文教师推荐信 篇六
数学专业应聘英文自我介绍
It is so really honor to have the opportunity for me,I hope i can make a good performance today.I will introduce myself briefly.I am 28 years old,born in hebei province.I was graduated from centralsouth university.my major is maths,and I got my master degree after my graduation in the year of in January.I spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET6.and i have acquired basic knowledge of my major during my school time.Good morning everyteacher :
It is so really honor to have the opportunity for me,Thank you for your 3 minutes.My admission number is 123..I am 28 years old,born in hebei province.I was graduated from centralsouth university.my major is maths,and I got my master degree after my graduation in the year of January.I got my Bachelor degree in hebeitangshan teachers college in 2007.During the centralsouth university,I have an teaching exercitation as a tutor in many Education training company, and I have been appreciated highly by the teachers and students.During the tangshan teachers college,I was the Sports minister of mathematics department, and Organize and joining many large student teacher activities.I have a dream of having been a teacher from my childhood.Today,I came with enthusiasm,hoping to be recognized by you,I will use my all passion to return yourapproval.That‘s all.Thank you.I have an teaching exercitation for two months in one middle school,where I have hold the post of class-chairman and Chinese teacher,and I have been appreciated highly by the teachers and students who come from that school.Now,I have the seniority of the high school teaching.In the university,I had initial skills of becoming a qualified teacher and to teach up to a certain level of teaching.I have good moral self-cultivation,and have a firm political direction.I love the motherland,the people,and strongly support the leadership of the CPC and the socialist system.I participated in school activities of public awareness and patriotism with a pragmatic truth the spirit of enthusiasm.Now,I have become a glorious Communist Party members.In the study,I successfully completed the professional courses and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree and college diploma,and had passed the College English Test 6.I usually read a great deal of relevant literature,psychology,education,and other series of books,which make my literature greatly increasing.I have publish some works in certain literary magazines.In the life,I advocate a simple life,and love sports.I have good habits.I have a dream of having been a teacher from my childhood.Today,I came with enthusiasm,hoping to be recognized by you,I will use my all passion to return yourapproval.That‘s all.Thank you.英语教师面试自我介绍的哪些特点呢?分别是自己的教育背景,工作经历,家庭背景等情况,在以下的资料为英语教师面试自我介绍一一列举。
1.介绍你自己的教育背景;
2.介绍你自己的家庭环境背景;
3.谈论自己对教师职业的看法;
4.谈谈自己作为老师对教学策略的运用;
5.谈论自己对教师与学生之间的沟通技巧;
6.谈论自己在教学环节当中有什么优势和劣势;
7.谈论你应聘本校的动机和理想;
8.谈谈你对教育你自己专业与从事教学学科的联系;
9.谈谈你自己的个性特征,是否外向,内向,是否有幽默感?
10.谈谈你自己的情绪特征,是否精力充沛,有朝气,能够吸引学生?
11.谈谈你的人生观;
12.谈谈你对人际关系的处理与看法。
General Introduction
I am a third year master major in automation at Shanghai Jiao Tong University P.R.China.With tremendous interest in Industrial Engineering I am writing to apply for acceptance into your Ph.D.graduate program.Education background
In 1995 I entered the Nanjing University of Science &Technology(NUST)--widely
considered one of the China’s best engineering schools.During the following undergraduate study my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department.I was granted First Class Prize every semester and my overall GPA(89.5/100)ranked No.1 among 113 students.In 1999 I got the privilege to enter the graduate program waived of the admission test.I selected the Shanghai Jiao Tong University to continue my study for its best reputation on Combinatorial Optimization and Network Scheduling where my research interest lies.At the period of my graduate study my overall GPA(3.77/4.0)ranked top 5% in the
department.In the second semester I became teacher assistant that is given to talented and matured students only.This year I won the Acer Scholarship as the one and only candidate in my
department which is the ultimate accolade for distinguished students endowed by my university.Presently I am preparing my graduation thesis and trying for the honor of Excellent Graduation Thesis.Research experience and academic activity
When a sophomore I joined the Association of AI Enthusiast and began to narrow down my interest for my future research.In 1997 I participated in simulation tool development for the scheduling system in Prof.Wang’s lab.With the tool of OpenGL and Matlab I designed a simulation program for transportation scheduling system.It is now widely used by different
research groups in NUST.In 1998 I assumed and fulfilled a sewage analysis &dispose project for Nanjing sewage treatment plant.This was my first practice to convert a laboratory idea to a commercial product.In 1999 I joined the distinguished Professor Yu-Geng Xis research group aiming at Network flow problem solving and Heuristic algorithm research.Soon I was engaged in the FuDan Gene Database Design.My duty was to pick up the useful information among different kinds of gene matching format.Through the comparison and analysis for many heuristic algorithms I introduced an improved evolutionary algorithm--Multi-population Genetic Algorithm.By dividing a whole population into several sub-populations this improved algorithm can effectively prevent GA from local convergence and promote various evolutionary orientations.It proved more efficiently than SGA in experiments too.In the second semester I joined the workshop-scheduling research in Shanghai Heavy Duty Tyre plant.The scheduling was designed for the rubber-making process that covered not only discrete but also continuous circumstances.To make a balance point between optimization quality and time cost I proposed a Dynamic layered Scheduling method based on hybrid Petri Nets.The practical application showed that the average makespan was shortened by a large scale.I also publicized two papers in core journals with this idea.Recently I am doing research in the Composite Predict of the Electrical Power system assisted with the technology of Data Mining for Bao Steel.I try to combine the Decision Tree with Receding Optimization to provide a new solution for the Composite Predictive Problem.This project is now under construction.Besides In July 2000 I got the opportunity to give a lecture in English in Asia Control Conference(ASCC)which is one of the top-level conferences among the world in the area of control and automation.In my senior year I met Prof.Xiao-Song Lin a visiting professor of mathematics from University of California-Riverside I learned graph theory from him for my network research.These experiences all rapidly expanded my knowledge of English and the understanding of western culture.I hope to study in depth
In retrospect I find myself standing on a solid basis in both theory and experience which has prepared me for the Ph.D.program.My future research interests include: Network Scheduling Problem Heuristic Algorithm research(especially in GA and Neural network)Supply chain network research Hybrid system performance analysis with Petri nets and Data Mining.Please give my application materials a serious consideration.Thank you very much.1、good morning my name is xx it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview i would like to answer whatever you may raise and i hope i can make a good
performance today eventually enroll in this primary school.2、now i will introduce myself brieflyi am xx years oldborn in xx province and i am curruently a xxxx.my major is xxx..in the past 4 yearsi spend most of my time on studyi have passed CET4/6 with a ease.and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice.besides i have attend
3.i will have Patience on all of the children and my hard work will be improved if you enroll me.数学专业应聘英文自我介绍
7.英文教师推荐信 篇七
一、Individualism and collectivism
Individualism stands for a society in which the ties between individuals are loose.Everyone is expected to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family only.”Collectivism“stands for a society in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong cohesive in groups, which throughout people’s lifetime continue to protect them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty.”Individualistic cultures like USA (highest score=1st rank) and France (10th rank) are more self-centered and emphasize mostly on their individual goals.People from individualistic cultures tend to think only of themselves as individuals and as“I”distinctive from other people.Asian–collectivist cultures like China (Hong Kong37th rank) , view other companies with less collectivistic philosophy as cold and not supportive.Collectivistic cultures have a great emphasize on groups and think more in terms of“we”.Harmony and loyalty within a company is very important and should always be maintained and confrontation should be avoided.In China it is out of question to disagree with someone’s opinion in public.You will do that in a more private and personal atmosphere to protect a person from the“loss of face”.In collectivistic cultures a direct confrontation will be always avoided.
二、Low-context versus High-context Cultures
Chinese culture, according to Edward T.Hall’s scale, is a high-context culture.Many of the meanings in Chinese culture being exchanged during the encounter do not have to be communicated through words.One reason is that Chinese people are very homogeneous.We have similar experiences, information networks, and the like.Chinese culture, because of its tradition and history, changes very little over time.In this culture, consistent messages have produced consistent responses to the environment.American culture is a low-context culture, according to this scale The population in America is much less homogeneous and therefore tends to compartmentalize interpersonal contacts.This lack of a large pool of common experiences means that each time they interact with others they need detailed background information.In American culture, the verbal message contains most of the information and very little is embedded in the context or the participants.This characteristic manifests itself in a number of ways.Differences in this communication dimension can also influence people from these two countries’daily interaction.American expatriates need to know more about Chinese indirect, vague and implicit communication style when they come and stay in China, trying to interact with Chinese people and understand their meanings.
三、Difference on Educational System
Education is influenced by culture.Most cultures that have formal educational systems teach much the same content----reading, mathematics, writing, and so forth----but educational differences can be found in what a culture emphasizes and how the content is taught.The following are 3 factors that differentiate Chinese students and western ones.
1. Trial and error versus“watch then do”In the United States,
students learn how to solve problems and reach conclusions by trail and error.They practice over and over, expecting and accepting mistakes, until they become skilled.In China, students are expected to continue to watch how something is done as many times and for as long as necessary until they feel they can do it.
2. Dependent versus independent learning.
Culture influences the degree to which students rely on the support, help, and opinions of their teachers.Western students are relatively more independent and expected to think for themselves while Chinese students are more dependent to the teachers or authorities to get the answer.
3. Participatory versus passive learning.
Western students are taught to participate actively in the learning process by asking questions and engaging in discussion.However, Chinese students are more accustomed to passively listening and taking notes.They are expected to learn by listening, watching (observing) and imitating while critical thinking, judgmental questioning and active initiation of discussion are expected from students in western culture.
In summary, this paper has pointed out three aspects that may cause difficulties in their adaptation process.In fact, the Western and Chinese cultural parameters are so different that they clash with each other when they encounter one another.This clash will create tremendous stress in the lives of the foreign teachers in China and may result in psychological distress, personal identity crises, role confusion, family discord, interpersonal problems, and employment issues.Thus the purpose of this research is to help the foreign teachers to realize these challenges caused by cultural differences and get them prepared for the big clash or shock.
摘要:西方文化和中国文化之间的巨大差异对外籍教师在生活的各个方面提出了严峻的挑战。本文列出了四条可能会给外籍教师造成困难的文化上的差异。
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