宿迁政治中考第一轮总复习教案

2024-10-17

宿迁政治中考第一轮总复习教案(共4篇)

1.宿迁政治中考第一轮总复习教案 篇一

七年级上学期复习教案

Unit 1 Getting to know you

Topic 1 Nice to meet you!词汇和重点句型:1.Excuse me!对不起,打扰了!(用在事情发生之前)

Sorry!对不起(用在事情发生之后)

2.Nice to meet / see you.= Glad to meet / see you.很高兴见到你。3.Welcome to China / Fuzhou / Changle!欢迎你到中国/福州/长乐来!4.What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?(常用于官方或者对小孩子说话)

My name is Maria.= I am Maria.我叫Maria。5.Stand up.起立。(反义词)Sit down.坐下。

6.How do you do? How do you do? 你好!你好!(初次见面时打招呼使用)

7.Have a nice day!You, too.祝您一天愉快!您也是!8.How are you? 你身体好吗?

I’m fine / OK / well.Thanks.我很好,谢谢!(可以缩略为:Fine, thank you.)

Not bad, thanks.不错,谢谢!

9.See you later!= See you soon!等会儿见!

See you tomorrow!明天见!

Good-bye!== Bye-bye!= Bye!再见!

10.This is Mary.This is Tom.这是Mary.这是Tom.(用于第三者介绍他人时)

语言点:1.Good morning.一般用于黎明时到中午十二点之前

Good afternoon.一般用于中午十二点以后到下午六点。

Good evening.一般用于下午六点到晚上十点左右。

Good night.一般用于睡觉前,表示“晚安”。

Good day.一般在白天问好时用,表示“日安”,尤其是澳大利亚和美国英语中使用较多。2.be的使用:(记住口诀)

我用am,你用are;is用在他、她、它;单数is复数are;你、我、他们也用are.。

Topic 2 Where are you from? 词汇和重点句型:

1.be from = come from 来自

Where are you from? = Where do you come from? I’m from China.= I come from China.Are you from China? = Do you come from China? 2.be动词的一般疑问句提问与回答:

Am I in New York? Yes, you are.No, you aren’t.Are you from the USA? Yes, I am.No, I am not./ Yes, we are.No, we aren’t.Is she Maria? Yes, she is./No, she isn’t.Is he Tom? Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.Is it my book? Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.Are they from England? Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.3.两个疑问词where、who的使用:

Where are you from? I’m from China.I’m Chinese.Where is she / he from? She / He is from Japan.Where are they from? They’re from France.Where is Beijing? It’s in China.Who is he / she? He is Michael./ She is Jane.Who are they / you? They are my teachers./ We are Maria and Jane./ I am Diana.4.要求了解一些较重要的西方国家的国家、城市、人民的名词。5.What’s your telephone / cell phone / fax / BP number? It’s 0591110 Topic 3 What class are you in? 词汇和重点句型:1.数词:1-20。2.不同人称对年龄的询问与回答:

How old are you? I’m 14./ We are 14.How old is she / he / it? She / He / It is 14.How old are they? They are 14 years old.3.What’s this / that in English? It’s a toy.What are these / those? They are buses.4.Is this / that a book? Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.Are these / those desks? Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.5.How do you spell apple? A-P-P-L-E.6.What class / grade are you in? I’m in Class 3 / Grade 7.7.a high school 一所中学

a high school student 一个中学生 8.in the same class 在同一班级

in Class 2, Grade 7 在7年级2班

语言点:1.班级年级的表示:(以教师教学用书为参考)英国英语表达时通常班级在前,年级在后。如:Class 2, Grade 7.美国和加拿大表达时则年级在前,班级在后。如:Grade 7, Class 2.其实美国在班级表达时,都是根据老师而决定的。如:Mr.Smith’s class 2.a, an的使用:(记住口诀)

a、an一对双胞胎,(a和an都是不定冠词,译为“一……” 长得像来分不开。

表示一个没有特别指定的人或事物。)姐妹二人都勤快,天天都把单杠抬。(a和an后只能跟可数名词单数。)

an姐姐干活爱跳舞,(an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。但名词前有修饰词时,则

近身元音离不开。根据最邻近的修饰语的第一个音素来决定。如:an apple;an English book.)妹妹a她更勤快,富余单杠她全抬。(其余辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前用a。)物代指代来做客,(但名词前有物主代词、指示代词时,不能使用 4

不定冠词。

姐妹二人歇下来。如:a my book; a that bike 都是错的。)3.名词的复数形式:

① 名词后面直接加s,如:apples, bananas ② 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词在后面加es,如:classes, dishes ③ 词尾为辅音字母加y结尾的名词,将y变为i再加es,如:familyknives 特殊单词:manwomen mousefeet Chinesebig / large / wide longwhite tallold 6.I have a big nose = My nose is big.I have big eyes.= My eyes are big.She has a big nose.= Her nose is big.She has big eyes.= Her eyes are big.7.Do you have long hair? Yes, I do.No, I don’t./ Yes, we do.No, we don’t.Does she / he have big eyes? Yes, she / he does.No, she / he doesn’t.Do they have new friends? Yes, they do.No, they don’t.8.I’m thirteen years old.= I’m 13 years old.= I’m 13.= I’m thirteen.语言点:

1.在五官描述上,要注意英美人习惯。在西方国家进行外貌描述时,不说a big mouth,而说a wide mouth。他们的a big mouth往往用来指 6

一个人嘴巴多,喜欢在背后说三道四。

2.特别注意第三人单数时表达有时使用的是has。

Topic 2 What does she look like? 词汇和重点句型:

1.give something to somebody = give somebody something 给某人某物

Give the book to Maria = Give Maria the book.把书给Maria.2.right away 立刻,马上

3.dark skin 黑皮肤 light yellow skin 黄皮肤 fair skin 白皮肤4.the boy over there 在那边的那个男孩 the boy under the tree 在树下的那个男孩

5.look like 看起来像 look the same 看起来一样 6.different looks 不同的外表

7.good friends 好朋友 8.look at the picture 看着图片 9.the pair of shoes / trousers 这双鞋/裤子 10.表示颜色的词语

11.关于颜色的提问:What color…?

--What color is the skirt?--It’s white.--What color are the shirts?big newyoung

fatshort mangirl

doctormum 4.副词so、too、very的使用:

so fast 如此块!这么快!too fast 太快

very fast 很快 5.It will fit you soon.它很快就会适合你的。

6.blue and white 蓝白相间 dark blue 深蓝

light blue 浅蓝

7.tall and thin 又高又瘦

8.curly / long / short hair 卷发/长发/短发 9.on a blue bike 在蓝色自行车上

in the black car 在黑色汽车里

in the pink blouse 穿着紫色衬衫的 10.人称代词和物主代词的使用: Whose toy is this? It is my toy.It’s mine.It’s your toy.It’s yours.It’s his toy.It’s his.It’s her toy.It’s hers.It’s its toy.It’s its.It’s our toy.It’s ours.It’s their toy.It’s theirs.语言点:

1.’s的所有格形式:Wang Hai’s mother 王海的妈妈 Jim’s sister Jim的妹妹

2.物主代词的使用:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词

Unit 3 Getting together Topic 1 Do you have a pen pal?

一、单词

1.in the same class 在同一班

2.study … with…

与…一起学习…

3.No problem 没问题

4.by the way 顺便问一下 5.speak Chinese 讲汉语

6.only a little 只有一点点 7.Of course =Sure 当然

8.helpstudy each other 互相帮助/学习

9.live in …

居住在…

10.the same age as …

与…同岁 11.want to do sth.想要做某事

12.come to China 来到中国 13.in English 用英语

14.help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事

15.the Great Wall 长城

16.at the English corner 在英语角 17.be helpful to…

对…有帮助

18.each other 互相

二、句型: 1.May I do sth.? 我可以做某事吗? e.g.: May I knowhaveask your name?

May I study English with you?

May I call you Mike? 2.like … very much a lot 非常喜欢……

like … a little

有点喜欢…

not like … at all 根本不喜欢……

三、语法:(一)一般现在时

1.肯定句: We speak Chinese 否定句: We don’t speak Chinese.一般疑问句: Do you speak Chinese? 回答: Yes, we do.No, we don’t.2.肯定句: Mike speaks English.否定句: Mike doesn’t speak English.一般疑问句: Does Mike speak English? 回答: Yes, he does.No, he doesn’t.3.动词第三人称单数构成形式(二)代词 人称代词: 人称

单数

复数

主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I

me

we

us 第二人称 you you

you you 第三人称 he him

they them

she her

it

it 主格:在句中当句子主语 e.g.I have a good friend.He has a good friend.宾格: 在句中当动词的宾语或介词的宾语,形成动宾或介宾结构.Please call me Mike.(动宾)Give it(动宾)to me(介宾).Help us find him.(动宾)人称代词排列顺序:(可记住口诀)you, he and I;we, you and they;he and she 口诀: 对你尊重you在前,谦虚礼貌I最后;

我们人多力量大,we要排在you之前,they委屈垫在后;

两性并列不平等,绅士风度放一边,he 在前she在后。特殊情况:

1.为了强调某人称,或是出现在承认错误之类的句中时,应把第一人称的I,放在前。

2.当说话人I的身份很高或回忆往事时,可以先说I。物主代词:

人称

形容词性物主代词

名词性物主代词

单数 第一人称

my

mine

第二人称

your

yours

第三人称

his

his

her

hers

its

its 复数 第一人称

our

ours

第二人称

your

yours

第三人称

their

theirs 形容词性物主代词,也称非独立性物主代词,不能单独使用,必须与名词共同使用.e.g.my name

your mother

his friend

their teacher

Topic2 What does your mother do?

一、单词 1.职业名称

teach(教)---------teacher(教师)

study(学习)---------student(学生)work(工作)---------worker(工人)

drive(驾驶)---------driver(驾驶员)farm(农场)---------farmer(农夫)

cook(烹调)---------cook(厨师)1.对应词:

teacher---------student

nurse---------doctor 2.office worker公务员

policeman警察

waiter男服务员---------waitress女服务员

salesman 男售货员---------salesgirl女售货员 3.家庭成员

grandfather---------grandmother

grandpa---------grandma

father---------mother

Dad---------Mum

Uncle---------aunt

son---------daughter

brother---------sister

cousin

二、词组 1.工作场所: in a school 在学校

in a hospital 在医院

in an office 在办公室

in a shop / store 在商店

on a farm 在农场

2.a student of Grade Seven 一名七年级的学生

on the sofa 在沙发上

have a job 有一份工作

look after… 照顾……;保管……

a photo of my family 一张我家的相片

have a look 看一看

the young woman in yellow 穿黄衣服的年轻女士

三、句型: 1.I’m home.我回来了.2.Come in and make yourselves at home.请进, 请别客气.3.What a nice place!多漂亮的一个地方!4.Please have a seat= Please sit down.请坐!5.My parents are both office workers.我父母二个都是公务员.We all love our work.我们都喜爱我们的工作.注意:both指两者“都”;all指三者或三者以上“都”

四、语法:(一)提问职业: 1.What do you do? I am a doctor.2.What does he she do? He She is a doctor.(二)提问工作场所: 1.Where do you work? I work in a hospitalschool 2.Where does he she work ? HeShe works in an officeon a farm.(三)名词所有格: s’ 或’s, 表示“……的” Kangkang’s grandfather康康的祖父母

Jane’s family tree 妮的家谱

Teachers’ book 教师用书(教师们的书)

Topic3 What would you like to drink?

一、词汇: Fruit:(可数)apple orange

Food:(可数)cake hamburger egg French fries dumpling noodles

(不可数)rice porridge bread meat chicken fish beef Drink:(不可数)tea milk Coke coffee water juice Eat(吃)+ drink(喝)= have something to drink 喝的东西

something to eat 吃的东西 have dinner 吃饭;吃正餐

have breakfast 吃早饭

have lunch 吃午饭

have supper 吃晚饭

二、句型;1.help oneself(to sth)请自便(吃些某物)2.would like = want 想要

Would you like some eggs? = Do you want some eggs?

What would you like to drink? = What do you like to drink? 3.Give me some meat.= Give some meat to me.4.Why not have some milk? 表示提建议 5.Let’s have some milk.表示提建议

6.May I take your order? = May I help you?(限于用餐)7.Wait a moment, please.请稍等片刻.8.What do you think of the coffee? = How do you like the coffee? 你觉得咖啡怎么样? 9.Would you like to have dinner with me?(表邀请)

Ok.I’d love to

10.I’m very glad to be here.我非常乐意呆在这儿 11.Any more rice? 再来些米饭怎么样? 12.They are all friendly kind to me.他们都对我很友好。

三、语法: 可数名词和不可数名词的量(一)可数名词: 可直接用基数词表具体的量

表“一”:a cake book hamburgerbike an apple orange egg two cakes three books four apples five eggs

(二)不可数名词:可用数量词来表示具体的量 a cup of tea coffee

two cups of tea coffee a glass of milkwaterjuice

three glasses of milkwater juice a bowl of … 一碗……

two bowls of … 两碗…… a box of … 一盒箱……

two boxes of … 两盒箱…… a bag of … 一袋……

two bags of … 两袋…… a bottle of … 一瓶……

two bottles of … 两瓶…… a kilo of … 一公斤……

two kilos of … 两公斤…… a kind of … 两种……

two kinds of… 两种…… a plate of … 一盘……

two plates of… 两盘……

a basket of eggs … 一篮/筐鸡蛋……

two baskets of eggs… 两篮鸡蛋……

a pair of … 一双/副/对…… two pairs of… 两双/副/对……(三)模糊的量

some既可以修饰可数也可以修饰不可数名词

some apples 一些苹果

some meatwater 一些肉水

a few + 可数 表示若干一点

a little + 不可数 表示若干一点

a few friends 几个朋友

a little water 一点点水 many + 可数 许多

much + 不可数 许多

many friends

许多朋友

much water 18

许多水

Unit 4 Having Fun Topic 1 What can I do foryou? 词汇:

1.数词:21-101 注意:A.forty;eighty;B.读音: ~teen 与 ~ty 2.名词:可数名词与不可数名词的划分 3.词形变换:

also(同义词)too

each(同义词)every

expensive(同义词)dear kilo(复数)kilos

watch(复数)watches

mouse(复数)mice

waiter(对应词)waitress

try(第三人称单数)tries

sell(反义词)buy 4.词语与短语:

on the fourth floor 在第四层楼

try on 试穿

be on sale 减价(出售)

another pair of pants 另一条裤子

two yuan a kilo 每公斤两元 sell / buy… for… 以…价出售/ 购买

have a look 看一看 a clothing shop 一家服装店

run over to… 跑到… two bags of salt 两包盐

two kilos of eggs 两公斤鸡蛋 six bottles of milk 六瓶牛奶

Thanks anyway /all the same.仍然感谢。

Don’t worry.别担心。

Here is your change.找你零钱。

5.购物用语:

服务员或营业员: What can I do for you? Can / May / Could I help you? 回答: Yes, please.I’d like(to buy)… I want(to buy)…

I’m looking for… Do you have…?

谈论事物: How do you like…? = What do you think of…? How do you look in this dress? Not bad.How do the pants fit? They’re too long.询问价格:

How much is +主语(单数或不可数)? How much are +主语(复数)?

How much do you want for something? 讨论价格: How / What about thirty yuan? That’s too expensive.It’s a good price.The price is good.表示感谢: Thanks a lot.Thanks very much.Thanks anyway.回答: Not at all.That’s all right.You’re welcome.请求帮助:

Could you do me a favor? = Could you do a favor for me? = Could you help me? 决定与否: I’ll take / have / get / buy it.易错点:

1.some 常用于肯定句;any常用于否定句或疑问句。

e.g.I have some friends.I don’t have any friends.Do you have any

friends? some 用于疑问句时,希望得到对方肯定回答或征询意见 e.g.Would you like some bread? Do you want some corn and wheat? 2.try on the dress

try the dress on

try it on(T)

try on it(F)3.a pair of pants / shoes / glasses

an umbrella 4.How much is this pair of shoes?(T)How much are this pair of shoes?(F)

Topic 2 Would you like to go for a picnic? 词语与短语:

be free 空闲;自由

visit a friend 拜访朋友

on Sunday 在星期日

go to West Hill 去西山

make a plan for… 为…制定计划 tomorrow afternoon 明天下午

tell somebody about something 告诉某人有关事项

right away 立刻;马上

discuss something 讨论某事

go swimming 去游泳

go out for a picnic 出去野炊

make a telephone call 打电话 have a discussion 讨论

do shopping 购物 go home 回家

make a picnic plan 订一份野炊计划

Don’t forget 不要忘了。

speak to somebody 跟某人说话

take a message 捎口信

ask somebody to do 叫/要求某人做某事

call somebody back 给某人回电话

give somebody a call 给某人打电话

give somebody a message 给某人口信/消息

carry water 提水

collect firewood / garbage 捡柴火/垃圾

prepare food 准备食物

wash the dishes 洗碗筷

eat an apple 吃苹果 sing a song / songs 唱歌

have a picnic 野炊 look at a picture 看图

read a book 看书 play the guitar 弹吉他

fly a kite 放风筝

run after somebody / something 追逐某人/某物 eat / have dinner 吃饭

listen to the radio 听收音机

have a meeting 开会 电话用语: 1.washing collect--collecting ② 以不发音e字母结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing havedriving prepareseeing ③ a.在重读闭音节中

b.末尾是一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(r除外)两者兼备时,双写末尾辅音字母,再加-ing e.g.open – opening

listeneating(缺b条件)

Topic 3 We want to go to the zoo!词组与短语:

go to the zoo 去动物园

the king of all animals 兽中之王 like something best 最喜欢某物

climb trees 爬树

play with a ball 玩球

pick bananas 摘香蕉

on the bus 在公车上

be lost 迷路 talk about something / somebody 讨论某事/某人

be excited to do something 做某事很兴奋

at night 在晚上

Thank you all the same.仍然谢谢你。See you next time.下次见。

have lessons 上课

have lunch 吃午餐

have sports 进行体育运动

go to

bed 去睡觉

pass me a banana = pass a banana to me 递给我一个香蕉 重点句型:

1.What animal do you like best? = What’s your favorite animal? 2.--How long do elephants live?--About sixty years.3.How many hours do elephants sleep at night? 4.What time is it? = What’s the time? = Could you tell me the time? 5.It’s time to do something.6.I have no watch.= I don’t have a watch.7.What’s wrong with you? 8.Don’t cry.9.It’s very kind of you to help us.10.He is acting like a m&onkey.He is running like a horse.11.Would you please pass me a banana? 递给我香蕉好吗? 语法: 时间表达法:(两种)

1:00 one o’clock 1:05 onefive five past one 1:15 one fifteen a quarter past one 1:30 one thirty half past one 1:40 one forty twenty to two 1:45 one forty-five a quarter to two Recycle 2 Review of Units 3-4 词语与短语:

help people to buy things 帮人家买东西 look after patients 照顾病

cook food 煮东西

ride a bike 骑自行车

Thanks anyhow.无论如何,仍然谢谢

think about… 考虑 … have fun 玩得愉快

in the afternoon / morning 在下午/ 上午 go to school 去上学

chat on the net 网上聊天 复习要点:

1.职业名称及工作场所;询问职业

2.复习现在进行时 3.树状家谱;复习家庭成员及名词所有格 4.询问价格 5.复习询问时间及时间表达法

at、in、on在时间表达上的用法:(口诀)at用在钟点、night; 上、下午、晚上都是in;

具体某天、星期要用on,即便上下午包在内; 季度、年太长,才与世纪同用in。

2.宿迁政治中考第一轮总复习教案 篇二

一.学习目标:

1.了解电功的定义及单位,掌握电功的计算公式及其应用; 2.了解电能表的作用及其计数方法,会用电能表测量电功与电功率; 3.了解电功率的定义及单位,掌握电功率的计算公式及其应用; 4.理解额定电压、额定电流及额定功率的含义; 5.会用伏安法测小灯泡的电功率;

6.理解焦耳定律的内容、公式及其简要的计算,了解电热器的原理和应用。

二.知识整理:

三.例题及巩固练习:

1、灯泡灯丝断了后可搭接上重新使用,但亮度会增加,而且寿命不长,为什么?

2、将一只“220V 15V”的灯泡与一只“220V 100W”的灯泡串联后接入380V的电路,各灯泡实际消耗的电功率为多少?这样接法有什么不好?

3、一灯泡两端电压由4V增大到10V时,电流变化了2A,则灯泡电功率的变化为多少?灯泡的电阻为多少?

4、两灯泡分别标有“3V 1W”和“6V 3W”字样,若将两灯泡串联接入电路,其两端可加最大电压为多少?若将两灯泡并联接入电路,其干路中允许通过的最大电流为多少?

5、如图所示,电源电压不变,开关S闭合后,灯L1、L2均发光,当P向右滑动时,下列叙述正确的有()

A.灯L1变亮

B.电压表示数变小

C.灯L2变亮

D.电流表示数变小

6、如图,电源电压保持不变,当开关S闭合时,通过R1的电流为0.6A;当开关S断开时,R1两端的电压为2V,R2的电功率为0.8W,求电源电压U和R1、R2的阻值。四.课堂检测:

1.两灯都标有“220V 40W”,串联接入家庭电路中,两盏灯消耗的总功率为()A.40W

B.80W

C.20W

D.10W 2.灯L1标有“6V 3W”,灯L2没有标记,但测得它的电阻是6欧姆,现将灯L1和L2串联在某电路中,灯L1和L2都能正常发光,则这个电路两端电压和L2额定功率分别是()

A.12伏和1.5瓦

B.12伏和3瓦 C.9伏和1.5瓦 D.9伏和3瓦

3.额定功率相同的灯L1和L2,它们的额定电压U1>U2,下面说法正确的是()

A.正常发光时,I1>I2 C.它们串联时,P1<P2

B.它们的电阻R1<R2 D.它们并联时,P1<P2

4.在“测定小灯泡的额定功率”的实验中,某同学电路连接正确,闭合开关,灯泡发光,但测试中无论怎样调节滑动变阻器,电压表示数都达不到灯泡的额定电压值,原因可能是下述的哪种?()

A.变阻器总阻值太

B.电压表量程太大 C.电源电压太低

D.灯泡灯丝断开

5.一个标有“220V 60W”的电炉,想把它接在110伏的电源上使用,而保持原来的功率不变,下列采取的措施中,正确的是()

A.把电炉丝截去一半 B.把电炉丝截成等长的两段后再并联起来 C.把一根同样的电炉丝跟原来的那根串联 D.把一根同样的电炉丝跟原来的那根并联

6.一个电灯L1接在电压恒定的电源上,消耗的功率为40瓦,另一电灯L2也接在这一电源上消耗的功率为60瓦,若将L1和L2串联后接在这一电源上,则两个灯消耗的总功率是()

A.100瓦

B.50瓦

C.24瓦

D.20瓦

7.如图所示电路,电源电压U恒定,当滑动变阻器RW接入电路的电阻为R时,灯L消耗

1的功率为PL,要使灯L消耗的功率变为4PL,应使滑动变阻器接入电路的电阻变为()

A.2R

B.R/2

C.R+RL

D.2R+RL

8.灯泡L1标有“8V 25W”,L2标有“8V 2W”,把这两个灯泡串联接到某电源上,闭合开关S后只有一个灯泡正常发光,另一个发光很暗,则该电源电压为()

A.16伏

B.12伏

C.10伏

D.8伏

9.两只电阻的规格分别为“5

45W”和“10

40W”,如果把它们并联在电路中,则电路中允许通过的最大电流为()

A.4安培

B.4.5安培

C.5安培

D.5.5安培

10.如图所示,电源电压不变。当S1闭合、S2断开时,电流表的示数为I1,电阻R1消耗的功率为P1,R1和R3消耗的功率之比为2:1。当S1断开,S2闭合时,电流表的示数为I2,电阻R2消耗的功率为P2,已知I1:I2=2:3则()

A.R1:R3=2:1

B.R2:R3=1:1

C.P1:P2=8:9

D.P1:P2=4:9 11.如图所示,U=220伏,且保持不变,定值电阻R2=1210欧。S闭合时,电烙铁R1正常工作。S断开时,通过R1的电流减小到S闭合时的1/2。求:(1)电烙铁的额定功率。(2)S断开时,R1、R2的总功率。

12.如图所示电路,电源电压保持不变,R1=20欧,当滑动变阻器R2的滑片移到最左端时,电流表的示数为0.5安,若将滑片P移到变阻器的中点时,电流表的示数为0.2安,求滑动变阻器最大阻值和当滑动变阻器滑到最右端时,滑动变阻器消耗的功率。

13.如图所示电路中,S为一单刀双掷开关,灯泡L1上标有“3V 1.5W”的字样,L2的电阻为12欧,电源电压恒为18伏,当开关拨到a,滑动变阻器R的滑片位于变阻器的中点时,L1正常发光。当开关拨到b,滑动变阻器的滑片位于变阻器的右端时,灯泡L2消耗的电功率正好是其额定功

率的1/4,求灯泡L2的额定电压和额定功率。

14.如图所示电路,电源电压恒定,R0是定值电阻。当滑片P由阻值13处a点移到b端时,电压表的示数增大2伏,变阻器前后消耗的功率比为4:3。求:

(1)变阻器滑片P位置变化前后电压表的示数比。(2)变阻器滑片P在b端时电压表的示数。(3)求电源电压。

15.如图所示电路,电源电压为12估,R1为8欧。当只闭合开关S1时,灯L正常发光;只闭合S2、S3时,灯L的功率为额定功率的25/36;只闭合S3时,R2的功率为0.48瓦,且R2<R1。求:

(1)灯L的额定功率。

(2)只闭合S3时,灯L的实际功率。

3.宿迁政治中考第一轮总复习教案 篇三

Topic 1 Nice to meet you!词汇和重点句型:1. Excuse me! 对不起,打扰了!(用在事情发生之前) Sorry! 对不起(用在事情发生之后)2. Nice to meet / see you. = Glad to meet / see you. 很高兴见到你。3. Welcome to China / Fuzhou / Changle! 欢迎你到中国/福州/长乐来!4. What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?(常用于官方或者对小孩子说话) My name is Maria. = I am Maria. 我叫Maria。5. Stand up. 起立。(反义词) Sit down. 坐下。

6. How do you do? How do you do? 你好! 你好!(初次见面时打招呼使用)7. Have a nice day! You, too. 祝您一天愉快!您也是!8. How are you? 你身体好吗? I’m fine / OK / well. Thanks. 我很好,谢谢!(可以缩略为:Fine, thank you.) Not bad, thanks. 不错,谢谢!9. See you later! = See you soon! 等会儿见! See you tomorrow! 明天见! Good-bye! == Bye-bye! = Bye! 再见!10. This is Mary. This is Tom. 这是Mary. 这是Tom. (用于第三者介绍他人时)

语言点:1. Good morning. 一般用于黎明时到中午十二点之前 Good afternoon. 一般用于中午十二点以后到下午六点。 Good evening. 一般用于下午六点到晚上十点左右。 Good night. 一般用于睡觉前,表示“晚安”。 Good day. 一般在白天问好时用,表示“日安”,尤其是澳大利亚和美国英语中使用较多。2. be的使用:(记住口诀)我用am,你用are;is用在他、她、它;单数is复数are;你、我、他们也用are.。

Topic 2 Where are you from?词汇和重点句型:1. be from = come from 来自 Where are you from? = Where do you come from? I’m from China. = I come from China. Are you from China? = Do you come from China? 2. be动词的一般疑问句提问与回答: Am I in New York? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are you from the USA? Yes, I am. No, I am not. / Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. Is she Maria? Yes, she is. /No, she isn’t. Is he Tom? Yes, he is. /No, he isn’t. Is it my book? Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t. Are they from England? Yes, they are. /No, they aren’t. 3. 两个疑问词where、who的使用: Where are you from? I’m from China. I’m Chinese. Where is she / he from? She / He is from Japan. Where are they from? They’re from France. Where is Beijing? It’s in China. Who is he / she? He is Michael./ She is Jane. Who are they / you? They are my teachers. / We are Maria and Jane. / I am Diana. 4. 要求了解一些较重要的西方国家的国家、城市、人民的名词。5. What’s your telephone / cell phone / fax / BP number? It’s 0591110

Topic 3 What class are you in?词汇和重点句型:1. 数词:1-20。2. 不同人称对年龄的询问与回答: How old are you? I’m 14. / We are 14. How old is she / he / it? She / He / It is 14. How old are they? They are 14 years old. 3. What’s this / that in English? It’s a toy. What are these / those? They are buses.4. Is this / that a book? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. Are these / those desks? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. 5. How do you spell apple? A-P-P-L-E. 6. What class / grade are you in? I’m in Class 3 / Grade 7. 7. a high school 一所中学 a high school student 一个中学生8. in the same class 在同一班级 in Class 2, Grade 7 在7年级2班语言点:1. 班级年级的表示:(以教师教学用书为参考)英国英语表达时通常班级在前,年级在后。如:Class 2, Grade 7.美国和加拿大表达时则年级在前,班级在后。如:Grade 7, Class 2.其实美国在班级表达时,都是根据老师而决定的。如:Mr. Smith’s class2. a, an的使用:(记住口诀)a、an一对双胞胎, (a和an都是不定冠词,译为“一……”长得像来分不开。 表示一个没有特别指定的人或事物。)姐妹二人都勤快, 天天都把单杠抬。 (a和an后只能跟可数名词单数。)an姐姐干活爱跳舞, (an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。但名词前有修饰词时,则近身元音离不开。 根据最邻近的修饰语的第一个音素来决定。如:an apple; an English book.)妹妹a她更勤快, 富余单杠她全抬。 (其余辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前用a。)物代指代来做客, (但名词前有物主代词、指示代词时,不能使用不定冠词。姐妹二人歇下来。 如:a my book; a that bike 都是错的。)

3. 名词的复数形式:① 名词后面直接加s,如:apples, bananas② 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词在后面加es,如:classes, dishes③ 词尾为辅音字母加y结尾的名词,将y变为i再加es,如:family - families④ 词尾为f,fe的单词,改fe为ves,如:knife - knives特殊单词:man - men woman - women mouse - mice foot - feet Chinese - Chinese

Unit 2 Looking differentTopic 1 I have a small nose.词汇和重点句型:1. movie star 电影明星2. not…but… 不是…而是…

3. in the same school 在同一所学校 in different grades 在不同班级4. 身体五官及各部位名称;部分颜色词语5. 反义词: small - big / large / wide long - short black - white tall - short new - old 6. I have a big nose = My nose is big. I have big eyes. = My eyes are big. She has a big nose. = Her nose is big. She has big eyes. = Her eyes are big. 7. Do you have long hair? Yes, I do. No, I don’t. / Yes, we do. No, we don’t. Does she / he have big eyes? Yes, she / he does. No, she / he doesn’t. Do they have new friends? Yes, they do. No, they don’t. 8. I’m thirteen years old. = I’m 13 years old. = I’m 13. = I’m thirteen.语言点:1. 在五官描述上,要注意英美人习惯。在西方国家进行外貌描述时,不说a big mouth,而说a wide mouth。他们的a big mouth往往用来指一个人嘴巴多,喜欢在背后说三道四。2. 特别注意第三人单数时表达有时使用的是has。

Topic 2 What does she look like?词汇和重点句型:1. give something to somebody = give somebody something 给某人某物 Give the book to Maria = Give Maria the book. 把书给Maria.2. right away 立刻,马上 3. dark skin 黑皮肤 light yellow skin 黄皮肤 fair skin 白皮肤4. the boy over there 在那边的那个男孩 the boy under the tree 在树下的那个男孩5.look like 看起来像 look the same 看起来一样 6. different looks 不同的外表7. good friends 好朋友 8. look at the picture 看着图片9. the pair of shoes / trousers 这双鞋/裤子10. 表示颜色的词语11. 关于颜色的提问:What color…? -- What color is the skirt? -- It’s white. -- What color are the shirts? - They are white. 12. which疑问词的使用 Which girl? The girl in red. 哪个女孩?穿红色衣服的那个女孩。 Which bag? The blue one. 哪个包?蓝色那个。13. What does she look like? 她看起来怎么样?14. 区别以下两种问题: Mike’s pants are blue. What color are Mike’s pants? The blue pants are Mike’s. Which pants are Mike’s?15. Which color / bag / clothes do you like? 你喜欢哪种颜色/哪个包/哪件衣服? These are my favorite clothes. 这些是我最喜欢的衣服。

Topic 3 Whose jacket is this?词汇和重点句型:1. What does she / he look like? She is young with long legs. / He is short with black hair.2. Is the boy tall or short? He’s short. 注意:选择疑问句的选择部分前部分要读升调,后部分读降调。回答时要有具体内容,而不能用Yes, No回答。3. 反义词或对应词: small - big new - old old - young fat - thin long - short man - woman boy - girl doctor - nurse dad - mum 4. 副词so、too、very的使用:so fast 如此块!这么快! too fast 太快 very fast 很快5. It will fit you soon. 它很快就会适合你的。 6. blue and white 蓝白相间 dark blue 深蓝light blue 浅蓝

tall and thin 又高又瘦 8. curly / long / short hair 卷发/长发/短发9. on a blue bike 在蓝色自行车上in the black car 在黑色汽车里 in the pink blouse 穿着紫色衬衫的

10. 人称代词和物主代词的使用:Whose toy is this? It is my toy. It’s mine.

It’s your toy. It’s yours.It’s his toy. It’s his. It’s her toy. It’s hers.It’s its toy. It’s its. It’s our toy. It’s ours. It’s their toy. It’s theirs.

语言点:1. ’s的所有格形式:Wang Hai’s mother 王海的妈妈 Jim’s sister Jim的妹妹2. 物主代词的使用:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词

Unit 3 Getting togetherTopic 1 Do you have a pen pal?一、单词1. in the same class 在同一班 2. study … with… 与…一起学习…3. No problem 没问题 4. by the way 顺便问一下5. speak Chinese 讲汉语 6. only a little 只有一点点7. Of course =Sure 当然 8. helpstudy each other 互相帮助/学习9. live in … 居住在… 10. the same age as … 与…同岁11. want to do sth. 想要做某事 12. come to China 来到中国13. in English 用英语 14. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事15. the Great Wall 长城 16. at the English corner 在英语角17. be helpful to… 对…有帮助 18.each other 互相

二、句型:1. May I do sth.? 我可以做某事吗?e.g. : May I knowhaveask your name? May I study English with you? May I call you Mike?2. like … very much a lot 非常喜欢…… like … a little 有点喜欢… not like … at all 根本不喜欢……

三、语法:(一) 一般现在时1.肯定句: We speak Chinese 否定句: We don’t speak Chinese. 一般疑问句: Do you speak Chinese? 回答: Yes, we do. No, we don’t.2.肯定句: Mike speaks English. 否定句: Mike doesn’t speak English. 一般疑问句: Does Mike speak English? 回答: Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.3.动词第三人称单数构成形式(二)代词人称代词:人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格第一人称 I me we us第二人称 you you you you

第三人称 he him they them she her

it it 主格:在句中当句子主语e.g. I have a good friend. He has a good friend.宾格: 在句中当动词的宾语或介词的宾语,形成动宾或介宾结构.Please call me Mike. (动宾)Give it (动宾) to me (介宾) .Help us find him. (动宾)人称代词排列顺序:(可记住口诀)you, he and I; we, you and they; he and she口诀: 对你尊重you在前,谦虚礼貌I最后; 我们人多力量大,we要排在you之前,they委屈垫在后; 两性并列不平等,绅士风度放一边,he 在前she在后。特殊情况:1. 为了强调某人称,或是出现在承认错误之类的句中时,应把第一人称的I,放在前。2. 当说话人I的身份很高或回忆往事时,可以先说I。

物主代词:数 人称 性 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词

单数 第一人称mymine 第二人称your yours第三人称hishis herhers its its

复数 第一人称ourours 第二人称 your yours 第三人称their theirs形容词性物主代词,也称非独立性物主代词,不能单独使用,必须与名词共同使用.e.g. my name your mother his friend their teacher

Topic2 What does your mother do?一、单词1.职业名称 teach (教) --------- teacher (教师) study (学习) --------- student (学生) work (工作) --------- worker (工人) drive (驾驶) --------- driver (驾驶员) farm (农场) --------- farmer (农夫) cook (烹调) --------- cook (厨师)1. 对应词: teacher --------- student nurse --------- doctor2. office worker公务员 policeman警察 waiter男服务员 --------- waitress女服务员 salesman 男售货员 --------- salesgirl女售货员3. 家庭成员 grandfather --------- grandmothergrandpa --------- grandma father --------- mother Dad--------- MumUncle --------- aunt

son --------- daughter brother --------- sister cousin

二、词组1.工作场所:in a school 在学校 in a hospital 在医院 in an office 在办公室in a shop / store 在商店 on a farm 在农场2. a student of Grade Seven 一名七年级的学生 on the sofa 在沙发上 have a job 有一份工作 look after… 照顾……; 保管…… a photo of my family 一张我家的相片 have a look 看一看 the young woman in yellow 穿黄衣服的年轻女士

三、句型:1. I’m home. 我回来了.2. Come in and make yourselves at home. 请进, 请别客气.3. What a nice place! 多漂亮的一个地方!4. Please have a seat= Please sit down. 请坐!5. My parents are both office workers. 我父母二个都是公务员. We all love our work. 我们都喜爱我们的工作.注意:both指两者“都”; all指三者或三者以上“都”

澄?2. would like = want 想要 Would you like some eggs? = Do you want some eggs? What would you like to drink? = What do you like to drink?3. Give me some meat. = Give some meat to me.4. Why not have some milk? 表示提建议5. Let’s have some milk. 表示提建议 6. May I take your order? = May I help you?(限于用餐)7. Wait a moment, please.请稍等片刻.8. What do you think of the coffee? = How do you like the coffee? 你觉得咖啡怎么样?9. Would you like to have dinner with me? (表邀请) Ok. I’d love to10. I’m very glad to be here.我非常乐意呆在这儿11. Any more rice? 再来些米饭怎么样?12. They are all friendly kind to墒? rice porridge bread meat chicken fish beefDrink: (不可数) tea milk Coke coffee water juiceEat (吃) + drink (喝) = havesomething to drink 喝的东西 something to eat 吃的东西have dinner 吃饭;吃正餐have breakfast 吃早饭 have lunch 吃午饭have supper 吃晚饭

二、句型;1. help oneself (to sth) 请自便 (吃些某物)2. would like = want 想要 Would you like some eggs? = Do you want some eggs? What would you like to drink? = What do you like to drink?3. Give me some meat. = Give some meat to me.4. Why not have some milk? 表示提建议5. Let’s have some milk. 表示提建议 6. May I take your order? = May I help you?(限于用餐)7. Wait a moment, please.请稍等片刻.8. What do you think of the coffee? = How do you like the coffee? 你觉得咖啡怎么样?9. Would you like to have dinner with me? (表邀请) Ok. I’d love to10. I’m very glad to be here.我非常乐意呆在这儿11. Any more rice? 再来些米饭怎么样?12. They are all friendly kind to me.他们都对我很友好。

三、语法: 可数名词和不可数名词的量(一)可数名词: 可直接用基数词表具体的量表“一”:a cake ook hamburgerike an apple orange eggtwo cakes three books four apples five eggs(二)不可数名词:可用数量词来表示具体的量a cup of tea coffee two cups of tea coffeea glass of milkwaterjuice three glasses of milkwater juicea bowl of … 一碗…… two bowls of … 两碗……a box of … 一盒箱……two boxes of … 两盒箱……a bag of … 一袋…… two bags of … 两袋……a bottle of … 一瓶…… two bottles of … 两瓶……a kilo of … 一公斤…… two kilos of … 两公斤……a kind of … 两种…… two kinds of… 两种……a plate of … 一盘…… two plates of… 两盘……a basket of eggs … 一篮/筐鸡蛋…… two baskets of eggs… 两篮鸡蛋……a pair of … 一双/副/对…… two pairs of… 两双/副/对……(三) 模糊的量some既可以修饰可数也可以修饰不可数名词

some apples 一些苹果 some meatwater 一些肉水a few + 可数 表示若干一点 a little + 不可数 表示若干一点a few friends 几个朋友 a little water 一点点水

many + 可数 许多 much + 不可数 许多 many friends 许多朋友 much water 许多水

Unit 4 Having FunTopic 1 What can I do foryou?词汇:1. 数词:21-101 注意:A. forty; eighty; B. 读音: ~teen 与 ~ty2. 名词:可数名词与不可数名词的划分3. 词形变换:also (同义词) too each (同义词) everyexpensive (同义词) dearkilo (复数) kilos watch (复数) watches mouse (复数) mice waiter (对应词) waitresstry (第三人称单数) tries sell (反义词) buy4. 词语与短语:on the fourth floor 在第四层楼 try on 试穿be on sale 减价(出售) another pair of pants 另一条裤子 two yuan a kilo 每公斤两元 sell / buy… for… 以…价出售/ 购买 have a look 看一看 a clothing shop 一家服装店 run over to… 跑到… two bags of salt 两包盐two kilos of eggs 两公斤鸡蛋 six bottles of milk 六瓶牛奶 Thanks anyway /all the same. 仍然感谢。 Don’t worry. 别担心。Here is your change. 找你零钱。

5. 购物用语:服务员或营业员: What can I do for you? Can / May / Could I help you?回答: Yes, please. I’d like (to buy ) … I want ( to buy ) … I’m looking for… Do you have…?谈论事物: How do you like…? = What do you think of…?How do you look in this dress? Not bad. How do the pants fit? They’re too long. 询问价格:How much is +主语(单数或不可数)? How much are +主语(复数)?How much do you want for something?讨论价格: How / What about thirty yuan?That’s too expensive. It’s a good price. The price is good. 表示感谢: Thanks a lot. Thanks very much. Thanks anyway.回答: Not at all. That’s all right. You’re welcome.请求帮助:Could you do me a favor? = Could you do a favor for me? = Could you help me?决定与否: I’ll take / have / get / buy it.

易错点:1. some 常用于肯定句;any常用于否定句或疑问句。e.g. I have some friends. I don’t have any friends. Do you have any friends?some 用于疑问句时,希望得到对方肯定回答或征询意见e.g. Would you like some bread? Do you want some corn and wheat?2. try on the dress try the dress on try it on (T) try on it (F)3. a pair of pants / shoes / glasses an umbrella4. How much is this pair of shoes? (T) How much are this pair of shoes? (F)

Topic 2 Would you like to go for a picnic?词语与短语:be free 空闲;自由visit a friend 拜访朋友 on Sunday 在星期日

go to West Hill 去西山 make a plan for… 为…制定计划

tomorrow afternoon 明天下午 tell somebody about something 告诉某人有关事项right away 立刻;马上 discuss something 讨论某事 go swimming 去游泳

go out for a picnic 出去野炊 make a telephone call 打电话 have a discussion 讨论do shopping 购物go home 回家 make a picnic plan 订一份野炊计划

Don’t forget 不要忘了。 speak to somebody 跟某人说话take a message 捎口信ask somebody to do 叫/要求某人做某事call somebody back 给某人回电话give somebody a call 给某人打电话give somebody a message 给某人口信/消息carry water 提水collect firewood / garbage 捡柴火/垃圾 prepare food 准备食物

wash the dishes 洗碗筷 eat an apple 吃苹果sing a song / songs 唱歌 have a picnic 野炊 look at a picture 看图 read a book 看书 play the guitar 弹吉他fly a kite 放风筝run after somebody / something 追逐某人/某物eat / have dinner 吃饭listen to the radio 听收音机 have a meeting 开会

电话用语:1. - Hello! -- Hello! 2. 自己:this; 对方:thate.g. This is … 我是… Is that …? 你是… 吗? Who’s that? 你是谁?3. What’s up?4. May I speak to …, please?4e字母结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加 -ing have - having drive - driving prepare - preparing see - seeing ③ a. 在重读闭音节中 b. 末尾是一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(r除外)两者兼备时,双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -inge.g. open – opening listen - listening (缺a条件) eat - eating (缺b条件)

Topic 3 We want to go to the zoo!词组与短语:go to the zoo 去动物园 the king of all animals 兽中之王

like something b (两种)1:00 one o’clock1:05 one - o - five five past one 1:15 one fifteen a quarter pasC3不"e.g. We must study hard. I have to look after my mother at home. She is ill.

2. 现在进行时:1. 构成: be (am, is, are ) + V-ing (口诀:有be还有ing)2. 用法:表示说话时正在发生或进行的动作。3. 现在分词的构成:① 在动词原形末尾加 -ing wash - washing collect -- collecting② 以不发音e字母结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加 -ing have - having drive - driving prepare - preparing see - seeing ③ a. 在重读闭音节中 b. 末尾是一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(r除外)两者兼备时,双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -inge.g. open – opening listen - listening (缺a条件) eat - eating (缺b条件)

Topic 3 We want to go to the zoo!词组与短语:go to the zoo 去动物园 the king of all animals 兽中之王

like something best 最喜欢某物 climb trees 爬树 play with a ball 玩球pick bananas 摘香蕉 on the bus 在公车上 be lost 迷路talk about something / somebody 讨论某事/某人 be excited to do something 做某事很兴奋

at night 在晚上Thank you all the same. 仍然谢谢你。See you next time. 下次见。have lessons 上课have lunch 吃午餐have sports 进行体育运动go to bed 去睡觉pass me a banana = pass a banana to me 递给我一个香蕉

重点句型:1. What animal do you like best? = What’s your favorite animal?2. -- How long do elephants live? -- About sixty years. 3. How many hours do elephants sleep at night?4. What time is it? = What’s the time? = Could you tell me the time?5. It’s time to do something.6. I have no watch. = I don’t have a watch.7. What’s wrong with you?8. Don’t cry.9. It’s very kind of A2on在时间表达上的用法:(口诀)at用在钟点、night;上、下午、晚上都是in;具体某天、星期要用on,即便上下午包在内;

季度、年太长%t one 1:30 one thirty half past one1:40 one forty twenty to two 1:45 one forty-five a quarter to two

Recycle 2 Review of Units 3 - 4词语与短语:help people to buy things 帮人家买东西 look after patients 照顾病人cook food 煮东西 ride a bike 骑自行车Thanks anyhow. 无论如何,仍然谢谢 think about… 考虑 …have fun 玩得愉快in the afternoon / morning 在下午/ 上午go to school 去上学chat on the net 网上聊天

复习要点:1. 职业名称及工作场所;询问职业 2. 复习现在进行时3. 树状家谱;复习家庭成员及名词所有格 4. 询问价格5. 复习询问时间及时间表达法

at、in、on在时间表达上的用法:(口诀)at用在钟点、night;上、下午、晚上都是in;具体某天、星期要用on,即便上下午包在内;

4.宿迁政治中考第一轮总复习教案 篇四

初三化学第一轮复习教学案 第四单元 物质构成的奥秘 基础回顾:

课题1 原子的构成 一. 原子的构成

1.原子是。原子由 和 构成。原子核是由 和 构成。原子的质量主要集中在 上。

2.相对原子质量是:。核电荷数=质子数=核外电子数

相对原子质量= + 3.分子与原子的区别是,联系是 【例题】

1、我国计划在2007年发射一颗绕月探测卫星,其任务是寻找一种新能源氦-3.氦-3原子核是由一个中子和两个质子构成的,其原子核外电子数为 A、1 B、2 C、3 D、6 2、1999诺贝尔化学获奖得者哈迈得•泽维尔开创了“飞秒化学”的新领域,使运用激光光谱技术观测化学反应时分子中原子的运动成为可能。你认为该技术不能观测到的是()

A、氧分子分解成氧原子的过程 B、氧原子结合成氧分子的过程 C、氧分子的无规则运动 D、氧原子内部的质子、中子、电子的运动

【例题】:一个铁原子的质量为9.288×10-26Kg,一个碳原子的质量约为1.993×10-26。试计算铁的相对原子质量。

课题2 元素

1.元素是:。元素只讲 不讲。元素与元素的本质区别是

2。在元素周期表中,原子序数在数值上等于原子的;课本后面的元素周期表中有 个周期、个族。每个周期一般是以 元素开头,在接近尾部时一般是 元素,最后以 元素结束。在已经发现的一百多种元素中,大多数是 元素。元素周期表是 的重要工具。

3.地壳中含量最多的金属元素 非金属元素是,空气中含量最多的元素是

人体中含量最多的金属元素是 非金属元素是 4.分子、原子、元素、物质之间的关系:

物质()宏观

()()微观

5.元素符号的意义: 【例题】

1、下列说法正确的是()

A、加热过氧化氢生成水和氧气,所以过氧化氢中含有氧气分子 B、二氧化碳分子是碳元素和氧元素构成的 C、二氧化碳由氧气和碳两种单质组成

D、水是由氢元素和氧元素组成的,所以水是化合物也是氧化物

2、某全麦片饼干部分营养成分的含量如下表所示,表中的“钙、磷、铁、锌”是指()营养成分 铁 镁 锌 钙

含量(mg/100g)4.5-5 90-100 3-4 280-300 A、分子 B、原子 C、元素 D、单质

【例题】:请参照课本后元素周期表,回答以下问题:

(1)(1)原子序数为8的元素名称是,其相对原子质量是,它位于第 周期,第 族。它属于 元素(填“金属”“非金属”或“稀有气体”,下同)。左下((2)左下方一般是 元素,右上方一般是 元素。课题3 离子

1.原子核外电子是按 的不同 排布的。

2.原子的结构可以用 表示。如:氧原子

3.叫离子.叫阳离子,如: 叫阴离子,如: 4.在阳离子中: 核电荷数 质子数 电子数

在阴离子中: 核电荷数 质子数 电子数

【例题】:已知碘元素符号为I,它的原子结构示意图为,请结合所学知识,填写以下空白:

(1)X的值为。

(2)碘元素的化学性质与下列哪种元素的化学性质最相似?

A B C D 【例题】:下列说法中,正确的是()

A、原子最外层电子数少于4个的元素一定是金属元素 B、钠原子和钠离子都属于钠元素

C、最外层电子数为8的粒子一定是稀有气体元素的原子 D、具有相同核电荷数的两种粒子,一定是同种元素 课题4 化学式与化合价

1.化学式是:。2.化学式的意义:① ② ③ ④ 3.以“H2SO4”为例,说出该化学式的四点意义:

4.元素的原子相互化合的数目决定了元素的化合价,化合价有 和。由于元素的化合价是元素相互化合时才表现出来的性质,所以在单质在中元素的化合价为。

在化合物中各元素化合价的代数和为。因此可根据化学式求某元素的化合价,也可根据化合价写出已知物质的化学式或检查化学式的正误。【例题】标出加点元素的化合价。(1)KMnO4、K2MnO4、MnO2、Mn(2)KNO3、NO2、NaNO2、NO、N2O、、NH3。上述物质按一定规律排列,则此规律为,横线上应填的物质是(填化学式)。【例题】现代医学证明,人类牙齿由一层称为碱式磷酸钙的坚硬物质保护着。碱式磷酸钙的化学式中除钙离子外,还含有一个氢氧根离子和三个磷酸根离子。则其正确的化学式为()

A、Ca2(PO4)3(OH)B、Ca3(PO4)3(OH)C、Ca4(PO4)3(OH)D、Ca5(PO4)3(OH)

【例题】葡萄糖在人体组织中缓慢氧化放出热量,这是人类生命生活所需能量的重要来源之【达标训练】:

1.已知钠的相对原子质量为23,核内质子数为11。试以钠原子为例说明原子由哪些粒 子构成?它们是怎样构成原子的?为什么原子不显电性?

2.下列物质中 ①空气 ②二氧化硫 ③液氧 ④氯酸钾 ⑤河水,其中存在氧分子的是 A.①③④⑤ B.①③④ C.①③⑤ D.①②③⑤

3.下列关于Fe、Fe2+和Fe3+的说法中,正确的是()A.它们属于不同种元素 B.它们是同一种粒子

C.它们的核内质子数相同 D.它们具有相同的核外电子数 4、5.若要使N2O3和N2O5中含有相等质量的氧元素,则N2O3和N2O5的分子数之比为()A.5 : 3 B.3 : 5 C.1 : 1 D.6 : 5 5.某粒子的结构示意图为,回答下列问题。

(1)若该粒子为电中性,则X=,该粒子的符号为 ;

(2)若该粒子带一个单位的正电荷,则X=,该粒子的符号为 ;(3)若该粒子带二个单位的负电荷,则X=,该粒子的名称为。6.跟元素化学性质关系非常密切的是原子的()A.电子层数 B.最外层电子数 C.核内质子数 D.相对原子质量 7.某物质经分析只含一种元素,则该物质()A.一定是纯净物 B。一定是单质

C.可能是混合物或单质 D。可能是金属或化合物

8.在由FeSO4和Fe2(SO4)3所组成的混合物中,铁元素的质量分数为34%,则在这种混合物中硫元素的质量分数为()A.44% B。22% C。66% D。无法确定

9.要使CO和CO2中含有相等质量的氧元素,则两者的质量比为()A. 2 :1 B。7 :11 C。11 :14 D。14 :11 10.某气体可能由初中化学中常见的一种或多种气体组成,经测定,其中只含有碳、氧两种元素,碳、氧元素的质量比为1 :2,则关于该气体的说法正确的是()A.一定是纯净物 B。一定是CO、CO2的混合物 C.该气体中所含的物质最多有2种 D。该气体的组成情况最多有3种

11.翡翠是人们喜爱的一种装饰品,翡翠的主要成分是硬玉[化学式为NaAl(Si2O6)]。下列有关说法正确的是()A.翡翠是一种纯净物 B。硅元素的化合价为+4价

C.硬玉含有10个原子 D。翡翠由钠、铝、硅、氧四种元素构成

12、已知“ ”“ ”表示质子数不同的原子。一。葡萄糖的化学式为C6H12O6,从葡萄糖的化学式你能总结出哪些信息。(1)下列表示的气体物质中,属于化合物的是(2)下列表示的气体物质中,属于混合物的是

A B C D 13.写出下列化学符号:

金刚石 干冰 石灰石 生石灰 消石灰 纯碱 硝酸铵 小苏打 酒精 硫酸铝 14.原子和离子在化学反应中是可以相互转化的,它们的相互转化是通过 来实现的,在转化过程中(请用“一定改变”,“一定不变”或“可能改变”来填写),核外电子数,核电荷数,核内质子数,粒子的电子层数

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