英语发音诗歌鉴赏

英语发音诗歌鉴赏（精选4篇）

1.英语发音诗歌鉴赏 篇一

莆田第四中学2017-2018学年选修课期末测试

英语诗歌鉴赏

Name : ____________

Mark: ____________ Part one: Choose 4 of the 6 questions to answer.(40% 10 for each).1.Write down your appreciation of the poem Annabel Lee by Allan Poe from one of the following perspectives: the images, musical /sound effect and theme.2.Analyze the striking stylistic features of Dickinson’s I Could Not Stop for Death by listing some examples.3.Illustrate the major themes of Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost.4.In the poem I(a by E.E.Cummings the form reinforces the theme.Please make a detailed analysis.5.Make a detailed analysis of the character Biff or Happy in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman by referring to the selected part.6.Analyze the characteristics of Emily in A Rose for Emily.Part two: cope the section of a poem;pay attention to your handwriting(30%).Life, thin and light-off time and time again Frivolous tireless

I heard the echo, from the valleys and the heart Open to the lonely soul of sickle harvesting Repeat outrightly, but also repeat the well-being of Eventually swaying in the desert oasis

I believe I am Born as the bright summer flowers Do not withered undefeated fiery demon rule Heart rate and breathing to bear the load of the cumbersome Bored _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________

Part three: write down a poem you learnt in the course(30%)._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The End ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

2.英语发音诗歌鉴赏 篇二

Poetry is the expression of Impassioned feeling in language.―Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.‖

―Poetry, in a general sense, may be defined to be the expression of the imagination.‖ Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty.Poetry is the image of man and nature.―诗言志，歌咏言。‖

---《虞书》

―诗言志之所以也。在心为志，发言为诗。情动于中而行于言，言之不足，则嗟叹之；嗟叹之不足，故咏歌之；咏歌之不足，不知手之舞之，足之蹈之也。情发于声；声成文，谓之音。‖

---《诗·大序》

―诗是由诗人对外界所引起的感觉，注入了思想与情感，而凝结了形象，终于被表现出来的一种‗完成‘的艺术。‖

---艾青：《诗论》 2.The Sound System of English Poetry a.The prosodic features Prosody(韵律)---the study of the rhythm, pause, tempo, stress and pitch features of a language.Chinese poetry is syllable-timed, English poetry is stress-timed.Stress: The prosody of English poetry is realized by stress.One stressed syllable always comes together with one or more unstressed syllables.eg.Tiger, /tiger, /burning /bright

In the /forest /of the/ night，What im/mortal /hand or /eye

Could frame thy/ fearful /symme/try?

---W.Blake

Length: it can produce some rhetorical and artistic effect.eg.The curfew tolls the knell of parting day，The lowing herd wind slowly o‘er the lea，The Ploughman homeward plods his weary way，And leaves the world to darkness and to me.---Thomas Gray Long vowels and diphthongs make the poem slow, emotional and solemn;short vowels quick, passionate, tense and exciting.Pause: it serves for the rhythm and musicality of poetry.b.Meter or measure(格律)

poem---stanza/strophe---line/verse---foot---arsis + thesis;Meter or measure refers to the formation way of stressed and unstressed syllables.Four common meters:

a)Iambus;the iambic foot(抑扬格)

eg.She walks/ in beau/ty, like/ the night

Of cloud /less climes/ and star/ry skies;

And all/ that‘s best /of dark/ and bright

Meet in /her as /pect and /her eyes.---Byron b)Trochee;the trochaic foot（扬抑格）

eg.Never /seek to/ tell thy/ love，Love that/ never/ told can/ be.---Blake

c)Dactyl;the dactylic foot（扬抑抑格）

eg.Cannon to/ right of them，Cannon to/ left of them.Cannon in/ front of them，Volley‘d and/ thunder‘d.---Tennyson d)Anapaest;the anapestic foot（抑抑扬格）

eg.Break,/ break, /break，On thy cold /grey stones,/ O sea!

And I would /that my tongue/ could utter

The thought/ that arise /in me.---Tennyson

c)Other meters

Amphibrach, the amphibrachic foot(抑扬抑格)；

Spondee, the spondaic foot(扬扬格)；

Pyrrhic, the pyrrhic foot(抑抑格)；

d)Actalectic foot(完整音步)and Cactalectic foot（不完整音步）

eg.Rich the / treasure，Sweet the / pleasure.(actalectic foot)

Tiger,/ tiger, /burning /bright，In the/ forest/ of the/ night.(cactalectic foot)

e)Types of foot

monometer(一音步)

dimeter（二音步）

trimeter（三音步）

tetrameter（四音步）

pentameter（五音步）

hexameter（六音步）

heptameter（七音步）

octameter（八音步）

We have iambic monometer, trochaic tetrameter, iambic pentameter, anapaestic trimeter, etc., when the number of

foot and meter are taken together in a poem.C.Rhyme When two or more words or phrases contain an identical or similar vowel sound, usually stressed, and the consonant sounds that follow the vowel sound are identical and preceded by different consonants, a rhyme

occurs.It can roughly be divided into two types:

internal rhyme and end rhyme Internal rhyme a)alliteration: the repetition of initial identical consonant sounds or any vowel sounds in successive or closely associated syllables, esp.stressed syllables.eg.The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew，The furrow followed free.---Coleridge

I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance，Among my skinning swallows.---Tennyson

Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade，He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast.---Shakespeare

―Consonant cluster‖(辅音连缀)

―internal or hidden alliteration‖(暗头韵)as in

―Here in the long unlovely street‖(Tennyson)

The Scian & the Teian muse，The hero‘s harp, the love‘s lute, Have found the fame your shores refuse.---Byron b)Assonance(腹韵/元音叠韵/半谐音)：the repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds in a line ending with different consonant sounds.eg.Do not go gentle into that night

Old age should burn and rave at close of day.Rage, rage against the dying of the light.Though wise men at their end know dark is right，Because their words have forked no lightning they

Do not go gentle into that night.c)Consonance(假韵): the repetition of the ending consonant sounds with different preceding vowels of two or more words in a line.eg.At once a voice arose among

The bleak twigs overhead

In a full-hearted evensong

Of joy illimited.---Hardy End rhyme: lines in a poem end in similar or identical stressed syllables.a)Perfect rhyme

Perfect rhyme(in two or more words)occurs in the following three conditions:

identical stressed vowel sounds(lie--high, stay--play);

the same consonants after the identical stressed vowels(park--lark, fate--late);

different consonants preceding the stressed vowels(first– burst);

follow—swallow(perfect rhyme)

b)imperfect/ half rhyme: the stressed vowels in two or more words are the same, but the consonant sounds after and preceding are different.eg.fern—bird, faze—late, like—right c)Masculine and feminine rhyme

eg.Sometimes when I‘m lonely,Don‘t know why，Keep thinking I won‘t be lonely

By and by.---Hughes

The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven，As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed

Scarce seem‘d a vision;I would ne‘er have striven…

---Shelley Rhyme scheme(韵式)a)Running rhyme scheme(连续韵)

two neighbouring lines rhymed in aa bb cc dd:

eg.Tiger, tiger, burning bright

In the forests of the night，What immortal hand or eye

Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

In what distant deeps or skies

Burnt the fire of thine eyes?

On what wings dare he aspire?

What the hand dare seize the fire?

b)Alternating rhyme scheme(交叉韵)

rhymed every other line in a b a b

c d c d:

eg.Shall I compare thee to a summer‘s day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May，And summer‘s lease hath all too short a date:

---Shakespeare

c)enclosing rhyme scheme(首尾韵)

In a quatrain, the first and the last rhymed, and the second and the third rhymed in a b b a:

eg.When you are old and gray and full of sleep，And nodding by the fire, take down this book，And slowly read, and dream of the soft look

Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;

---W.B.Yeats

D.Form of poetry(stanzaic form)

a)couplet: a stanza of two lines with similar end rhymes:

eg.A little learning is a dangerous thing;

Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian Spring.b)heroic couplet: a rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter:

eg.O could I flow like thee, and make thy stream

My great example, as it is my theme:

---Denham

Then share thy pain, allow that sad relief;

Ah, more than share it, give me all thy grief.---Pope

c)Triplet / tercet: a unit or group of three lines, usu.rhymed

eg.He clasps the crags with crooked hands;

Close to the sun in lonely lands，Ringed with the azure world, he stands.The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls:

He watches from his mountains walls，And like a thunderbolt he falls.---Tennyson

d)quatrain: a stanza of four lines rhymed or unrhymed.eg.O my luve is like a red, red rose，That‘s newly sprung in June;

O my luve is like the melodie

That‘s sweetly play‘d in tune.As fair art thou, my bonie lass，So deep in luve am I;

And I will luve thee still, my dear，Till a‘ the seas gang dry.---Burns

e)Sonnet: a fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of

lines that are characteristically in iambic pentameter:

The Petrarchan / Italian sonnet(Francesco Petrarch):

two parts: octave, asking question, presenting a problem，or expressing an emotional tension rhyming abba abba;

while the sestet, solving the problem rhyming cde cde，cde cde, or cd cd cd.Shakespearean / English sonnet:

arranged usually into three quatrains and a couplet, rhyming abab cdcd efef gg.The first quatrain introduces

a subject, the second expands, and once more in the third, and concludes in the couplet.Spenserian sonnet: three quatrains and a couplet rhyming abab

bcbc

cdcd

ee;

Miltonic sonnet: simply an ltalian sonnet that eliminates the pause between the octave and sestet.f)Blank verse: the unrhymed iambic pentameter

eg.To be, or not to be: that is the question:

Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune，Or to take arms against a sea of troubles，And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;

---Shakespeare

g)Free verse: poetry that is based on irregular rhythmic

cadence of the recurrence, with variations, of phrases，images and syntactical patterns rather than the

conventional use of meter.eg.Days

What are days for?

Days are where we live.They come, they wake us

Time and time over.They are to be happy in

Where can we live but days?

Ah, solving that question

Bring the priest and doctor

In their long coats

Running over the fields.3.The semantic system of English poetry a.The meaning of poetry

Poetry is ―the one permissible way of saying one thing

and meaning another‖.(Frost)

The meaning of a poem usually consists of three levels，that is, the literal(the lowest), the sensory(the medium)

and the emotional(the highest).b.Image---the soul of the meaning in poetry

a)Definition: ―language that evokes a physical sensation

produced by one or more of the five senses---sight，hearing, taste, touch and smell.‖(Kirszner and Mandell)

A literal and concrete representation of a sensory

experience or of an object that can be known by one or

more of the senses.b)Types of images

In terms of senses：

visual image(视觉意象)

---Philip Larkin

auditory image（听觉意象）

olfactory image（嗅觉意象）

tactile image（触觉意象）

gustatory image（味觉意象）

kinaesthetic image（动觉意象）

eg.Spring, the sweet spring, is the year‘s pleasant king,Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring，Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing:

Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!

---Thomas Nashe

In terms of the relation between the image and the object: Literal(字面意象)and figurative image（修辞意象）

The former refers to the one that involves no necessary change or extension in the obvious meaning of the words;or the one in which the words call up a sensory representation of the literal object or sensation.The latter is the one that involves a turn on the literal meaning of the words.eg.Let us walk in the white snow

In a soundless space;

With footsteps quiet and slow，At a tranquil pace，Under veils of white lace.---Elinor Wylie

In terms of the readers: fixed and free image（稳定意象和自由意象）

By fixed or tied image, it is the one so employed that its meaning and associational value is the same or nearly the same for all readers.By free image, it is the one not so fixed by the context that its possible meanings or associational values are limited, it is therefore, capable of having various meanings or values for various people.eg.Snake

I saw a young snake glide

Out of the mottled shade

And hang limp on a stone:

A thin mouth, and a tongue

Stayed, in the still air.It turned;it drew away;

Its shadow bent in half;

It quickened and was gone.I felt my slow blood warm.I longed to be that thing，The pure, sensuous form.And I may be, some time.---Theodore Roethke

c)The function of image:

to stimulate readers‘ senses;

to activate readers‘ sensory and emotional experience;

to involve the readers in the creation of poetry with personal and emotional experience;to strike a responsive chord in the hearts of readers;

eg.Fog

The fog comes

on little cat feet.It sits looking

over harbor and city

on silent haunches

and then moves on.---Carl Sandberg

eg.Fire and ice

Some say the world will end in fire，Some say in ice.From what I‘ve tasted of desire

I hold with those who favor fire.But if it had to perish twice，I think I know enough of hate

To say that for destruction ice

Is also great

And would suffice.---R.Frost

C.The means of expressing meaning

a)Phonetic devices

onomatopoeia

A widow bird

eg.A widow bird was mourning for her love

Upon a wintry bough;

The frozen wind crept on above，The freezing stream below

There was no leaf upon the forest bare，No flower upon the ground，And little motion in the air

Except the mill-wheel‘s sound.P.B.Shelley

Pun

eg.The little black thing among the snow

Crying ―‘weep, ‘weep‖ in notes of woe!

b)figures of speech

A.comparison: metaphor;simile(tenor 本体 , vehicle 喻体)

B.conceit

C.personification

D.metonymy(换喻)

E.apostrophe F.synaesthesia（―通感‖或―联觉‖）G.symbolism H.hyperbole I.Allusion（典故）

c)Deviation(变异)：the digression from the normal way of

expressions

Lexical deviation(self-made words)

Grammatical deviation(slang, vernacular)

Deviation of registers

3.英语语句发音 篇三

一、连读

连读有两种规则，分别为：

1、以辅音结尾的单词+元音开头的单词：

如：(1)I’d li(ke a)nother bow(l o)f rice. 这里like / laik / 以辅音结尾，another 以元音开头，所以连读;(2)We have an English friend. 这个句子有两处连读：前一处是have的尾辅音/v/与an的开头元音//连读为/v/;后一处是an的尾辅音/n/与English的开头音素/i/连读为/ni/。举例：I’m~an~English boy. It~is~an~old book. Let me have~a look~at~it.

Ms Black workedin~an~office last~yesterday. I called~you half~an~hour~ago.

Put~it~on, please.Not~at~all. Please pick~it~up.

注意：以辅音结尾指的是音标中的最后一个音是辅音，而不是单词的结尾，这如同u[ju:.]niversity前面的定冠词必须用a 一样。

2、以辅音结尾的单词 + h开头的单词h不发音，与前面的辅音连读

what wil(l he) [wili]do? Ha(s he) done it before? Mus(t he) [ti] go?

Can he do it? Should he….?

Tell him to ask her…. Lea(ve him) [vim]. For him (连读这个词，会发现和forum 很相似)

3、以-r或-re字母结尾的单词+元音开头的单词时，可将/r/与后面的元音拼读。

如：They looked for it here and there.这个句子也有两处连读：前一处是for it合读为/frit/，后一处是here and合读为/hirnd/。举例：They’re my father~and mother. I looked for~it here~and there.There~is a football under~it. There~are some books on the desk. Here~is aletter for you. Here~are four~eggs. But where~is my cup? Where~are yourbrother~and sister?

注意，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。 The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.(nearer与and不可连读)

4、“辅音+半元音”型连读

英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。

举例：Thank~you. Nice to meet~you. Did~you get there late~again?Would~you like~a cup~of tea? Could~you help me, please?

5、“元音+元音”型连读

如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。

举例：I~am Chinese. He~is very friendly to me. She wants tostudy~English. How~and why did you come here? She can’t carry~it. It’ll takeyou three~hours to walk there. The question is too~easy for him to answer.

6、a & the型连读

a & the 一般与后面的单词连读，并且轻而短。特殊情况 a university.

7、注意：连读现象只出现在意群内部，意群与意群之间的两个相邻单词即使符合上面所讲的两个条件，也不连读。

如：I hope it'll get a little warmer. 这个句子中的hope it就不连读为/hupit/，因为主句I hope是一个意群，后面的从句是另一个意群。

举例：Is~it a~hat or a cat?(hat与or之间不可以连读)

There~is~a goodbook in my desk. (book与in之间不可以连读)

Can youspeak~English or French? (English与or之间不可以连读)

Shall we meetat~eight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet与 at，eight与or不连读)

She opened thedoor and walked~in. (door与and之间不可以连读)

二、失音(不完全爆破)

由于失去爆破是失音的一种现象，摩擦音也会被失去，所以统称为失音。注意：爆破音并不是完全失去，仍然形成阻碍，把气流堵在里面，但不爆破，稍作停顿，直接发出相邻的辅音。失去爆破6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/。规则：

1、发生在单词内部的不完全爆破

如：bla (ck) board, foo (t) ball, ke (p) t等。括号中的辅音字母对应的辅音音素/k/，/t/，/p/稍作停顿，没发出音来。

2、发生在单词之间的不完全爆破

不完全爆破在两个相邻单词之间出现的情况非常多。

①爆破音中的任何两个爆破音相邻时，前一爆破音失去爆破。如a bi(g) car等。举例：

The girl in there(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.

The bi(g) bus fromthe fa(c) tory is full of people.

Wha(t) time doeshe get up every morning

This is an ol(d)pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.

The ol(d) do(c)torhas a ca(t), too.

②爆破音中的任何一个后接摩擦音/f/， /s/，/W/，/T/时，前面的爆破音失去爆破。举例：

Goo(d) morning,Mr. Bell.

Uncle Li’sfa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema.

I wen(t) therealone a(t) nine las(t) night.

Do you know hisbi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don’(t) know. (I didn'(t) say so.)

The forty-firs(t)lesson is qui(te) difficult.

③爆破音后接/t/， /d/， /tr/， /dr /时，前面的爆破音失去爆破。如a grea(t) change等。④爆破音后接/m/， /n/， /l/时，前面的爆破音失去爆破。如a bi(t) more expensive等。

3、失音的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重，也不可音。(连读符号：~)

三、重音

1、重音发音技巧

每一个英文单词如果有多个音节，或者一个句子中有多个音节，那么至少有一个音节是发重音的，当重音放在某个单词或音节的时候，这个词或者音节中的母音要发得重，发得长一点。当重音没有放在某个音节的时候，通常它其中的母音要发得轻一点，短一点，并且一般会变音成为或，例如 purpose, 正常音标为，而实际发音为 ; banana,其中ba 与最后音节na 发音短而轻，中间音节的母音a读得重而长。例句： I didn’t do it on purpose.

2、重音的位置

一般情况下，句子中的名词、动词、形容词、副词，these (those), why (what, which, wh*，……)需要重读;句子中的功能性单词(冠词a, the等, 指代词I, he, she, his, her, your, my等, 位置介词in, on, behind等, 连词and, but等, 助动词do, dose等)。但在句子中，如果为了特殊强调某项内容，那么不受上述规则的限制。

3、重音对词义的影响

句子中的单词，如果发重音时，一般该单词发的重而长。单词内部重音位置的不同，会影响词的性质。当重音放在第一个音节时，通常该词为名词或形容词，当重音放在后面的音节时，通常该词为动词，例如： ’permit, n 通行证，许可证; per’mit, v，被允许; ’perfect, adj, 完美的，per’fect, vt, 改善，使…完美。

4、清(浊)辅音对母音发音的影响

在有声子音(浊辅音)前，母音通常发得比较长，在无声子音(清辅音)前，母音通常发得比较短，例如： eyes & ice， seed & sit等等的区别。这也是听力中区别单词的技巧。

5、can & can’t发音区别

I can help you 重音放在help上; can’t help you 重音放在can’t上，发音依然为can, 但随其后的 ’t 做稍微停顿。 I can help you，如果把重音放在can 上，外国人会误认为不能帮他。

6、thirteen & thirty发音区别

Thirteen 重音在thir’teen, thirty重音放在第一个音节上 ’thirty.

7、助动词重音

当为了强调某个动词时，一般会重读前面的助动词，如果前面没有助动词，需要添加助动词do然后重读，eg. He has (重读) done his work, 为了强调他“做”; he spoke, 为了强调他确实说话了，应该为 he did (重读) speak。

四、音的同化

音的同化也是一种连读的现象，两个词之间非常平滑的过渡，导致一个音受临音影响而变化。主要是以下三种方式：

1、辅音[d]与[j]相邻时，被同化为[dэ]：Would you....?

2、辅音[t]与[j]相邻时，被同化为[t∫]： Can’t you:。。。。?

3、辅音与[j]相邻时, 被同化为[∫]： Miss you

五、浊化

1、[S]后面的清辅音要浊化

Discussion：[k] 浊化成 [g] ; Stand：[t] 浊化成[d] ;expression_r_r_r： [p]浊化成

2、美音中：[t]在单词的中间被浊化成[d]

如： writer，听起来和 rider 的发音几乎没有区别;letter—ladder ;out of

美国人和加拿大人发音为了省事，习惯清音浊化，尤其是[t]在单词的`中间一定会浊化成[d]，但英国人发音不会这样，这也是英音和美音的一大区别。了解这一浊化原则，会给听力带来一些帮助。

六、用词

1、及物动词与不及物动词的口语技巧

Like & want都是及物动词，在口语中必须连接一个object, 例如：在口语中回答I like, I don’t like, I want, I don’t want, 全部为错误表达。应该为I don’t like it, or I want them ……。

2、a & the的使用技巧

一般情况不可数名词不加a, eg, he has long hair; 可数的时候可以加a , eg, a hair isin my cup特指的时候可以加the. 另外就是意思的不同，I like a dog, 我喜欢狗， I like dog，我喜欢狗肉，I eat a hamburger我吃了一个汉堡，I eat hamburger我吃了汉堡里的一点碎牛肉;I eat a cake 我吃了一个蛋糕， I eat cake 我吃了一点蛋糕。一般情况加a 表示整个，不加a表示一块或一部分。如果第一次提到并且对方事先不知道指的是哪个东西，那么用a, 再次提到时或对方事先知道所特指的对象时，用the. 如果对于大家都很熟悉的东西或者他们经常提到的东西，用the, eg, the sun, the wind, the earth, ……

3、regret 的用法

Regret to dosomething, 感到遗憾地干什么事(将要发生的)，regret doing something, 很后悔做了某事(已经发生)。

4、try 的用法

Try to dosomething, 表示尽力做某事， try doing something, 表示尝试一下做某事。

5、祈使动词的用法

Make，have和get 得区别，使某人干某事，make 最强硬(迫使)，have 其次(要求)，get最弱(祈求着使某人干某事)。

6、could & be able to 的区别

Can (could)和be able to的区别，在过去否定句中，两者相同，I couldn’t play a piano. I wasn’t able to play a piano, 都表示他们表示过去不会弹钢琴。在过去肯定句中，用could表示过去有能力做到，而现在没有能力做到了，be able to 表示在特定的时间有能力做到，并不表示现在没有能力做到或者与当前是否有能力无关。Eg. Yesterday I was able to find it (正确表达)， Yesterday I could find it (错误表达)。

七、断句

1.断句的技巧

较长的英文句子要按意群断句, 可以使表达更清楚、更地道。eg. My mother_listens to the radio_in the evening.

2.子句的强调

有定语从句时，需要断句使句子结构和语义清楚。然而定语从句前后断句的不同会表示不同的意思，eg. My sister_who lives in USA_is a doctor.表示我有一个妹妹，她生活在美国，并且是个医生(表示仅有一个妹妹，后面的结构是并列描述);My sister who lives in USA_is a doctor, 表示我在美国的那个妹妹是一个医生(表示有很多妹妹，定语从句特指在美国的那个)

八、语调

1. 疑问句

Yes or No问题，问句最后上扬; Wh* 开头的问题，问句最后下降语调;选择问句，问句前面的选项都是上扬，最后一项下降;附加问句的语调，如果问句是个事实或要求对方同意你的观点时，语调是要下降的，eg. If you think a lady is beautiful, you should say “the ladyis beautiful, isn’t she? (下降语调)”;如果完全不知道事实或答案的时候，附加问句是要上扬的，eg. If you don’t know whether he has come. You should say “themen isn’t here, isn’t he? (上扬)”

九、节奏

节奏并不仅指说话的速度快慢，还包含了许多平时不被重视的小环节，比如语调的升降、词语的重音、句子在何处停顿。很多中国学生要么按照中文的思维习惯，随心所欲把句子“大卸八块”;要么练习肺活量，一句话从头连到尾不喘气。于是，中国人听起来清清楚楚的句子，到外国人耳朵里就变成了“不知所云”。

4.初中英语音标发音规则 篇四

英语共有48个音素，其中元音20个，辅音28个。辅音和元音在英语中的作用，就相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。记录英语音素的符号叫做音标。

（一）元音：（A）单元音：

长音 / i: /, / ?: /，/ ?:/, / u: /, /ɑ: /, / e /，/ ? / 短音 / i /, / ? /，/ ? /, / u /, /Λ /(B)双元音：

/ ei /, / ?u /, / ai /, / au /, /?i/，/ i ? /, / ε? /, / u? /

（二）辅音： 辅音的分类：

1.清辅音 / p /, / t/ , / k / , / f /，/θ/，/ s /，2.浊辅音 / b /, / d / , / ɡ /，/ v /，/ e /，/ z / 3.破擦音 / t∫/，/ d? /，/tr/，/dr/，/ts/，/dz/ 4.鼻音 / m / , / n /, / ? / 5.舌侧音 / l / 单元音

/ i: /----Ee /i:/ [i:] 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平作微笑状，发“一”之长音。此音是长元音，一定注意把音发足。Bb/bi:/、Cc/si:/、Dd/di:/、Gg/d?i:/、Tt/ti:/、Vv/vi:/ [i:]是字母e、ea、ee等在单词中的发音(1)e ： me he she be evening(2)ea：eat tea meat please teacher speak(3)ee： meet beef see [i]-----big /big/ 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平分开，牙床近于全舌，发短促之“一”音, 发此音要短促而轻快。[i]是字母e、i、y在单词中的发音，(1)e： begin English(2)i ： sit it is six miss(3)y ： very sorry many city [e]--egg /eg/ 舌近硬鄂，舌尖顶下齿，牙床半开半合，作微笑状。如Ff〔ef〕、Mm〔em〕、Nn〔en〕 [e]是字母e、ea、a在单词中的发音

(1)e： bed red let get elephant desk(2)ea: head bread / ? /---bag / b?g / [?] 双唇扁平，舌前微升，舌尖抵住下龈，牙床开，软鄂升起，唇自然开放。是字母a在单词中的发音。