虚拟语气用法小结

2024-09-17

虚拟语气用法小结（共7篇）

1.虚拟语气用法小结篇一

虚拟语气倒装的例句

Were I Tom，I would refuse.

如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。

Should it be necessary，I would go.

假若有必要，我会去的。

Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time.

若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。

Should he agree to go there，we would send him there.

要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去了。

Were she here，she would agree with us.

如果她在这儿的.话，她会同意我们的。

2.虚拟语气用法小结篇二

1.与现在事实相反, if引导的条件状语从句中动词时态用一般过去时 (be为were) , 主句中的would/could/should/might+动词原形。

2.与过去事实相反, if从句中用动词的过去完成时。主句中用would/could/should/might+have+过去分词。

3.与将来事实相反, if从句中用 (1) 动词的一般过去时; (2) were to+动词原形; (3) should+动词原形。主句中用would/could/should/might+动词原形。如:If I hadmoney, I would buy a car. (与现在事实相反。) If you had come earlier, you could have met him, (与过去事实相反) 。If it were to snow tomorrow, the crops would be saved. (与将来事实相反) 。

二、虚拟语气的特殊用法的一些总结

⒈if it be not for...如果不是……主句中用虚拟语气。

If it were not for the guidance of the party committee, we should/would fail.

If it had not been for the help of our teacher, we should not have made so muchprogress.

If it were not for the collective strength (集体的力量) , it would not have been possible for us to live so well.

If it had not been for me, you would not be free.

2.虚拟语气中条件句可以省略if, 而把were, had或should移至主句之前, 但如果从句中没有were, had或should, 则不能。如:

Should it happen, what would you do?

Were I you, I would go.

Had he recognized me, he would havecome over.

3.在insist, order, command, suggest, advise propose, recommend, ask, demand, require request引导的宾语从句中, 要用虚拟语气。

She insisted that she (should) go alone.

The chairman proposed that we (should) put the match off.

The order came that it (should) be started at once.

It is ordered that we (should) arrive there before ten o’clock.

⒋下面两种句型只用虚拟语气

(1) It is time that clause, 主语从句中表示一种建议, 从句的谓语动词用过去时, 或should+动词原形, 意思是“该干某事的时候了”, 但“should”不可省略。

It’s time we went/should go to bed.

It’s (high) time we did/should do our homework.

(2) would rather that sb did sth

I would rather you went to that party instead of me.

I would rather he did shopping for me.

5.在带without的介词短语的句子中.

Without water, there would be no living things.

I could not have lived through Christmas without giving you a present.

6.用在so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句中。

She spoke in a loud voice so tha everyone could/might hear her clearly.

He got up early in order that he could/might catch the early bus.

7.用在as if, as though引导的非真实情况的句子中。

She felt as if she were going to die.

They were talking as if they were friends.

She speaks to me as if I were a kid.

8.在wish后的宾语从句中。

I wish that I had lots of money.

I wish that I would fly to the moon in a spaceship one day.

I wish that I would had passed the English exam.

9.It is important/necessary/natural...that sb should do sth.

It is a pity/a shame/no wonder...that sb should do sth.

It is suggested that we should finish the project by next month.

It is a great pity that he should be so careless.

10.otherwise之后的从句中, 可用虚拟语气。

Give me ten million dollars, otherwise Iwould burn your house down.

3.虚拟语气用法透视篇三

1. 与事实相反的假设；

2. 不能实现或实现的可能性极小的主观愿望；

3. 非事实的建议或猜测。

虚拟语气常用在：

1. 含虚拟条件句的复合句中；

2. 名词性从句中；

3. 一些固定的句型中。

学习虚拟语气要注意以下几个方面：

一、理解虚拟语气的实质，分清虚拟句和真实句。

例1—We could have walked to the station; it was so near.

—Yes. A taxi_________ at all necessary.

A. wasn'tB. hadn't been

C. wouldn't beD. won't be

解析：第一句前半句为虚拟语气句，后半句是陈述句；第二句是表事实的陈述语气句子，根据上文考虑时间，应是对过去的陈述，故答案为A。此题把虚拟现象和客观事实错综交织在一起。

例2We would go to the park, but we _______busy with our lessons.

A.wereB. had been

C. areD. had

解析：前面部分是虚拟语气的主句，省略了条件状语从句if we had time, but后面部分是真实句，由前面虚拟语气动词would go结构可推断出后文是对现在事实的陈述，用一般现在时，答案为C。

二、熟记虚拟主从句中不同时间的动词形式。见下表：

虚拟语气的谓语动词有它自己的表现形式，而且规范。解题时，可应用此表，根据上下文所提供的信息，对号入座。

例3—Lucy lost her way in the street.

—If she__________a map with her, that wouldn't have happened.

A. tookB. had taken

C. would takeD. have taken

解析：从上文的陈述句中可知下文是表示与过去事实相反的假设。A项took是过去式，用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实相反的虚拟，排除A项；C项可用在主句中表示现在或将来的虚拟，但C、D项都不能用在条件句中表虚拟。答案为B。如果熟记上表，便可直接选B。

注意：虚拟语气中，如果条件状语从句包含有一个助动词、情态动词、be或have，可把 if 省略，再用部分倒装。

例4_________for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.

A. If it is not

B. Were it not

C. Had it not been

D. If they have not

解析：从句意可知这是it is (not ) for 句式，D项不符合题意，排除D项。由主句中的would not have gone 可推断，这是与过去事实相反的假设，选C。条件从句可还原成If it had not been for ...。

三、掌握几个常用虚拟语气的句型。

句型1：动词一“坚持”insist,二“命令”order、command，三“建议”suggest、propose、advise，四“要求”desire、demand、ask、request及其派生的同根名词在名词性从句中的应用。见下表：

例5 My suggestion is that the meeting __________till tomorrow.

A. to put offB. be put off

C. should put offD. be putting off

解析：that 引导的是表语从句，因前面是名词suggestion，故答案选B。

注意： 1.这几个句型都表示说话者主观的意见“该（不该）如此”，而不是陈述事实。共同特点是：主句谓语动词不管是什么时态、人称和数，都用should+动词原形。should 可省略，但不能用其他助动词（如would、could等）。

2. 当suggest 作“表明，暗示”和insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”，且后接宾语从句表示既成事实时，宾语从句中谓语动词都不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。

例6The teacher insisted that Tom _________a mistake and that he __________criticized.

A. had made； be 

B. makes； must be

C. made； should

D. should make； be

解析：此句中insisted 后接两个宾语从句，前一个宾语从句表示的是既成事实，用陈述语气，后一个宾语从句表示说话人主观的意见“应当受批评”，是虚拟语气，答案为A。

句型2： It is (was) + important／necessary／strange／natural／possible／a pity + that主语从句，其中的主语从句用（should）+动词原形。

例7—What do you think of it?

— We think it is a thing of importance that it___________done soon.

A. isB. is to be

C. beD. must be

句中be ofimportance=be important，故 that 引导的主语从句用虚拟语气（should）be ，答案选C。

注意：句型2中也可使用陈述语气，但是不像例句7那样带有感情色彩。

句型3： wish／as if／as though／if only／would rather 的虚拟形式。见下表：

例8 If only he ________quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. 

A. liesB. lay

C. had lainD. should lie

例9 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it___________.

A. breaksB. has broken

C. were brokenD. had been broken

答案： 8. C 9. C

例10—She wouldn't drink her medicine last night, would she?

—.____________.

A. No,but I wish she wouldn't 

B. No, but I wish she had

C. No, but I wish she did

D.No, but I wish she drank

解析：上文是陈述语气，句中wouldn't 表示“不情愿”。答案为 B 。意思是“我希望她昨晚把药服了才好”。

注意： as if／as though 表示“有可能实现的愿望”或事实时，不用虚拟语气。例如： He looks as if he is from England.

句型4： It is／was (high) time that +定语从句中，谓语动词常用过去式或过去完成式。

例11 It's time I_________ and_________ my little girl from school.

A. had gone； picked up

B. went； picked up

C. will go； pick up

D. go； pick up

答案： B。

四、注意虚拟语气在日常交际（语境）中的灵活应用。

1. 含蓄条件句：即通过某些特定的短语或上下文含蓄地表达虚拟条件的句子。

例12 I didn't know the size you wore, or else I________ you some shoes.

A. would have boughtB. would buy

C. have boughtD. should have bought

解析：短语or else 隐含条件if I had known the size you wore之意，故选A。

2. 时间错综句：从句与上、下文所表示的时间不一致，那么主、从句的谓语动词要分别根据各自表示的时间来确定它的虚拟语气形式。

例13 Ifhe had followed the doctor's advice, he would be quite all right now.

解析：根据句中前部分谓语动词had followed 可知句中前部分是表示对过去的假设，而后面部分是表示与现在事实相反的结果。

练习题

1.—He has just come out of the hospital.

—No wonder he looked as if he _______ill for a long time.

A. wasB. were

C. has beenD. had been

2. But for his friends, he________ of hunger 30 years ago.

A. diedB. would die

C. must have diedD. would have died

3. I can't stand him. He always talks as though he_________ everything.

A. knewB. knows

C. has knownD. had known

4. He______ the job well, but he so careless.

A. hadn't done； had been

B. could have done； was

C. could do； was

D. had done； had been

5. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ________your advice. 

A. followB. would follow

C. had followedD. have followed 

6. It is time that the government________measures to protect the rare birds and animals. 

A. takesB. took

C. has takenD. taking 

7. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students________three more days to prepare for the exam.A. give

B. should give

C. be givenD. would be given

8. Under more favorable conditions, we________ better.

A. need have done

B. should do

C. could have done

D. might be doing 

4.虚拟语气用法小结篇四

虚拟语气用在 even if, even though, whatever引导的状语从句中，从句谓语可参照由if引导的.虚拟条件从句的谓语，一般用过去时或过去完成时。例如：

This old machine runs as if it were a new one.

The old worker works as though he were a young man.

Even though she had been here very soon, she would not catch the train.

Example:

He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ______ all about that.

a. know b. knows c. known d. knew

I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.

a. knew b. knows c. has known d. had known

______ I used a lot of examples I still could not get my idea across.

a. Since b. But that c. Now that d. Even though

2. 虚拟语气用在so that, lest (唯恐), in case (万一), unless, in order that(为了，以便), that(为了，以至于), for fear that (生怕，以免), on condition that (如果)等引导的目的，条件状语从句中，从句谓语 may 或 might+原形动词，也有用 should, can, could+原形动词构成的。例如：

The teacher explained the law once more in order that we might understand it better.

Some people eat so that they may live. Others seem to live in order that they may eat.

一些人吃是为了生存，而另一些人似乎是活着就是为了吃。

I left him a note with my address on for fear that he should not know where to see me.

The heroes gave their lives that we might live a happy life.

为了我们过上幸福生活，英雄们献出了自己的生命。

Example:

In case I ______, I would try again.

a. will fail b. would miss c. should fail d. shall miss

You should exercise vigilance _____ you should be killed.

a. so that b. lest c. therefore d. that

3. 虚拟语气用在由 “whether” 引导的让步状语从句中，从句谓语用原形动词。例如：

All engines work on this principle, whether they be large or small.

所有发动机都按这一原理工作，无论它们是大还是小。

We must finish the work before we go home, whether it be early or late.

无论时间早晚，我们必须在回家前干完工作。

All matter, whether it be gas, liquid or solid, is made up of atoms.

所有物质，不论是气体，液体，或固体，都是由原子构成。

在此句型中，可省去 whether ，而将be放在主语前。例如：

Be it so, we must continue to do the test.

We must do our best to fulfil the task, be it ever so hard.

Example:

______ I’ll marry him all the same.

a. Were he rich or poor b. Be he rich or poor

c. Whether rich or poor d. Being rich or poor

EXERCISE

1. ______, I must do another experiment.

a. It is ever so late b. Ever so late it

c. Be it ever so late d. Whether be it ever so late

2. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ______ on the way.

a. goes wrong b. would go wrong c. went wrong d. should go wrong

3. Machines are often oiled so that they ______ well.

a. ran b. runs c. should run d. running

4. Even if he ______ very busy, he would have kept on learning English.

a. had been b. was c. were d. had being

5. Supposing the weather ______ bad, where would you go?

a. is b. will be c. was d. were

6. ______, he could not succeed.

a. However, he tried that b. He tried however hard

c. However he could try d. However hard he tried

7. Even though the enemy ______ wings, they couldn’t escape from our encirclement.

a. had b. had had c. have d. has

8. She described the accident as if she ______ it herself.

a. saw b. has seen c. had seen d. sees

9. He came to meet us at the station for fear that we ______ the wrong way.

a. take b. should take c. took d. had taken

10. The car looked very dirty, as though it ______ hundreds of miles.

a. run b. runs c. has run d. had run

11. The teacher spoke slowly in order that we ______ no difficulty in following him.

a. should have b. had c. will have d. didn’t have

12. All magnets behave the same, ______ they large or small.

a. how b. are c. be d. were

13. At the beginning he didn’t want to speak English lest he _____ mistakes.

a. will make b. should make c. would make d. can

14. I remember the whole thing as if it ______ yesterday.

a. happen b. happens c. happened d. happening

15. She stayed at home for a few days so that she _____ her mother.

a. takes care of b. took care of c. might took care of d. might take care of

16. She took up the meter with care for fear that it _____ .

a. is damaged b. to be damaged c. should be damaged d. was damaged

17. In many cases the heating effect is neglected as if there ______ no flow of current along the wire.

a. are b. were c. is d. being

18. I’ll put the money on the table just in case you ______ it.

a. might need b. would need c. needed d. may have needed

19. Providing you ______ the opportunity to go abroad, which country would you want to visit first?

a. have b. will have c. had d. have had

20. The business of each day, ______ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

5.如何应用虚拟语气篇五

朱可宝

我们在日常生活中经常会听到这样一些话，“要是我有足够的资金，我会买一辆属于自己的轿车。”“要是再仔细一点，我就会考满分。”“我要是你的话，我就会接受她的邀请.”其实，诸如此类的句子就是我们英语学习中的一个重要的知识点——虚拟语气。我们自觉不自觉地运用了虚拟语气来我们的情感。

在新课标教材中虚拟语气是一个很重要的语言知识点，在高考中也是必考内容之一。高三学生要重视对虚拟语气的复习。我们复习这个语言点时重点要复习习惯用法，特殊句型，以及和情态动词一起使用。我们先看非真实的条件句中的谓语动词。有三种情况，（一）与过去事实相反的假设，其固定结构是条件（假设）部分谓语动词用had done, 主句（结论）部分用would/should/could/might+ have done(主动)/have been done(被动).表示“要是过去（不）做了。。，就（不）会有。。发生或出现”这样一种心情。例如，If you had worked hard, you wouldn’t have failed in the exam.（要是你真的努力了，你就不会考试不及格了。）言外之意就是说平时不努力，不及格自然是很正常的，表示一种既惋惜又责备的心情。

（二）与现在事实相反的假设，其固定结构为条件(假设)部分的谓语动词用过去式，主句(结论)部分用would/should/could/might do（主动）/be done(被动).例如，If I were you, I would buy a new car rather than a second-hand one.(要是我是你的话，我就买一辆新车而不是二手车。)务必注意，虚拟语气中只用能用were, 不能用was.（三）与将来事实相反的假设，其固定结构是这样的，条件(假设)部分的谓语动词用过去式/were to do/should do, 主句（结论）用would/could/should/might do(主动)/be done(被动).例如，If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, we would put off the visit to the Great Wall.(要是明天下雨的话，我们就推迟去长城。)特别要提醒的是，(一)如果条件句中有were/ had/should时，可以采用省略if的句式，方法就是将were/should/had调到句首。例如，Had we left earlier, we would have arrived there on time.(If we had left earlier, we would have arrived there on time.)

（二）Without…/But for…/otherwise….相当于一个非真实条件句，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。例如，Without your help, I wouldn’t have finished this work.(If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have finished this work.)I really had so much work to do yesterday, otherwise I would have gone shopping with you.(I really had so much work to do.If I hadn’t been so much work to do, I would have gone shopping with you.)虚拟语气在从句中的应用也较多。主要有以下几个方面：1，用在wish 的宾语从句中。表示不能或难于实现的愿望。例如，I wish I could fly to the moon one day.（但愿有一天我能够飞到月球上去。）2，用在suggest/order/command/demand等表示建议，要求，命令之后的从句中，用should do/should be done.Should可以省略，只保留do/be done例如，The teacher suggested that this plan(should)be discussed first.（老师建议这个计划要先讨论一下。）3, 用在as if/as though之后的从句中。例如，She danced as if she were a professional dancer.（她的舞跳得仿佛她就是一个职业舞蹈者。）4，用在it is(high)time之后的从句中。表示到了该做某个事情的时候了。例如，The big exam is coming, it is high time we should work harder.（大考临近了，我们该努力了。）5，用在would rather 之后的从句中。表示一种愿望。例如，I would rather she didn’t miss the flight.（但愿她没有错过航班。）6，用在if only 之后的从句中。例如，If only I had worked harder.（我要是学习再刻苦一点就好了。）

6.强化训练：虚拟语气篇六

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be

2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been

3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call B. should not have been able

C. were not able D. are not able

4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.

A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get

5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were

7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, __________all practical value by the time they were finished.

A. could lose B. would have lost

C. might lose D. ought to have lost

8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be

9. If you ________________Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.

A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact

C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted

10. ____________he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed

12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been

C. were D. hadn’t contacted

13. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years.

A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won

14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.

A. being there B. should there be

C. there was D. there having been

17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, had it been at all possible, but I ______ fully occupied the whole of last week.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. was

18. I apologize if I __________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional(无意的)l.

A. offend B. had offended

C. should have offended D. might have offended

19. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______________ there by now.

A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.

A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

21. I wish that I _______________ with you last night.

A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone

22. I wish I ___________ with her.

A. would be B. am C. was D. were

23. I wish that I_____________ the concert last night.

A. could B. have attended C. could have attended D. attended

24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.

A. had not gone B. have not gone

C. did not go D. can not have gone

25. “I wish you___________ me to put these things away,” he said.

A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help

26. If the Watergate Incident_____________ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.

A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling

27. I hadn’t expected ________James to apologize but I had hoped .

A. him calling me B. that he would call me

C. him to call me D. that he call me

28.George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .

A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened

C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself

29. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.

A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the

C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his

30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip____ a great success.

A. had been B. has been C. were D. was

32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.

A. has been B. was C. is D. had been

33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______as elephant.

A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift

34. He described the town as if he_____________ it himself.

A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees

35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he _____________from an evil dream.

A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke

36. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.

A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do

37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who ______________their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.

A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have

38. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.

A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm

39.Without electronic computers, much of today’s ___________advanced technology .

A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved

40. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 41. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ___all diplomas from elementary school to university.

A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have

43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.

A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come

44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he___________ acting for a living one day.

A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up

45. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told

46. I hadn’t expected ______Henry to apologize but I had hoped .

A. him to call me up B. him calling me up

C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me

47. I had hoped that John ____________a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.

A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend

48. I had hoped that Jennifer___________ a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science.

A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes

49. I’d rather you ___________ anything about it for the time being.

A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t

50. I’d just as soon_______ rudely to her.

A. that you won’t speak B. you not speaking

C. you not speak D. you didn’t speak

51. It’s high time they____________ this road.

A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend

52. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.

A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take

53. Everybody has arrived. It’s time we___________ the class.

A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. start

54. ___________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

55. Mary ___my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.

A. has received B. ought to have received

C. couldn’t have received D. shouldn’t have received

56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.

A. came B. would come C. would have come D. should be coming

57. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ .

A. should fall behind B. fell behind

C. may fall behind D. would fall behind

58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might____________ for a century.

A. have been postponed B. has been postponed

C. postpone D. be postponed

59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.

A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working

60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____psychologically ready for the new idea.

A. is B. were C. be D. would be

61. Tom’s father, as well as his mother,_______________ in New York for a few days more.

A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stay

C. asks he stays D. asks he stay

62. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.

A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited

64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.

A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing

65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission.

A. devotes to B. devoted to C. is devoted to D. be devoted to

答案与详解

1．A．条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。

2．B．条件句表示与过去事实的虚拟。

3．A．条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。

4．B．条件句表示与未来事实的相反。

5．C．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。

6．D．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。

7．B．这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（B）would have lost为正确答案。

8．（D）这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。

9．（D）until recently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。

10．（B）假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选But for为正确答案。

11．（C）题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。

12．D．注意主句now表示现在的时间状语，所以主句是对现在虚拟，从句是对过去虚拟。

13．A．从句对过去的虚拟。

14．B．从句表示虚拟，而主句是事实。

17．（D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。

18．（B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。（C）中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。

19．（A）该句也是一个复杂条件句（或称作混合虚拟条件句）。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（A）。

20．（A）as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。

21．D． 22．D． 23．C． 24．A． 25．D．

26．（B）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。

27．（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。

28．（C）表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。（B），（D）的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以（C）是正确答案。

29．（A）suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should（可以省略）+动词原形。

30．A．表示与现在相反的虚拟。

31．A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

32．D．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

33．D．as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。

34．A．as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

35．C．

36．（D）would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。

37．（C）who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。

38．（B）

39．（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。

40．（D）连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种假设，形式为might+动词原形。

41．（B）It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。

42．（C）

43．（C）otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have come形式。

44．（B）所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，故（B）是正确答案。

45．（A）这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在（now）的情况的假设，故用would tell形式。

46．C． 47．C． 48．C．

49．B．would rather引导的虚拟语气其谓语用过去式。

50．D．would as soon引导的虚拟语气，其谓语动词也用过去式.

51．B． 52．B． 53．B． 54．B．

55．C．注意单词otherwise引导虚拟语气。

56．C．同上。

57．A．注意词组for fear that

58．A．注意without

7.浅谈虚拟语气的用法篇七

1.虚拟语气用在If引导的条件状语从句中，其主句、从句的时态如下：

例句: ①If I were you，I would help you.

② If you were to come tomorrow，I would giveyoua book.

③ Ifhe had studied hard ,he would have succeeded.

这里需要强调的是：首先，当条件状语从句的谓语中含有助动词had, should或were时，有时可省略从句中的if，然后将had, should或were移到主语之前。如上面句②可变为：Were you to come tomorrow,I would give you a book.或者可以表达为：Should you come tomorrow, I would give him a book. 句③可变为：Had he worked hard , he would have succeeded.

其次，如果主句和从句所描述的动作不是同时发生，其动词的形式要根据动作所发生的时间而定，所用的虚拟语气要用混合虚拟语气。如：If it had rained last night , it would be very cold today.

第三，含蓄虚拟条件句即不用条件句而是用介词短语等来表示假设情况的虚拟语气的用法。如：Without him ，the question couldn’t have been solved in a short time.

2.虚拟语气用在wish引导的宾语从句中，其动词形式如下：

例句：① I wish I were you.

② I wish it would rain tomorrow.

③He wished he hadn’t done it.

3.虚拟语气用在as if/though引导的状语从句或表语从句中，意为“好像”。

例句：①She loved the child as if he were her own.(方式状语从句，表示与现在事实相反)

②It looked as if he hadn’t cheated in the exam.(表语从句，表示与过去事实相反)

4.虚拟语气用在It′stime 引导的从句中，意为“该是做什么的时候了”。

例句：①It is the first time I went there.

②It is time you watchedTV.