一般过去时和现在完成时

2024-08-06

一般过去时和现在完成时(15篇)

1.一般过去时和现在完成时 篇一

现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

1.现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作, 但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系, 如

对现在产生的结果、影响等,而一般过去时则表示动作发生在过去,一般不表示和现在的关系。试比较:① Who has opened the door?谁把门开了?(现在门还开着)

Who opened the door? 谁开的门?(指过去,与现在无关。现在门是关着还是开着,没有说明。)② — Have you had your lunch?你吃过午饭没有?(意即你现在不饿吗?)

— Yes, I have.吃了。(意即我现在饱了,不要再吃了。)

— When did you have it? 你什么时候吃的?(说话人感兴趣的是“吃”这一动作发生在什么时候。)

2.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, once, last week,...ago, in

1980, in October, just now等具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语:

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till/ until, up to now, in past/last years, always等不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语:

this morning, tonight, this April, now, ever, before, already, recently, lately等。

3.现在完成时表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know等。

过去时常用的非延续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。eg.① I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了。)

I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)

② He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)

He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)

句子中如有一般过去时的时间状语(如yesterday, last week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。

(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

2.一般过去时和现在完成时 篇二

Form: [has/have+past participle]

Examples:

USE 1 Unspecified Time before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions, such as: yesterday,one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, and one day.We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions, such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, and yet.

Examples:

Have you read the book yet?

Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.

I’ve already finished my homework.

USE 2 Duration from the Past until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now.“For five minutes”,“for two weeks”, and“since Tuesday”are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.

Examples:

I have had a cold for two weeks.

She has been in England for six months.

3.一般过去时和现在完成时 篇三

注: 表示短暂时间动作的词, 如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的词连用。

试比较下面两个句子:

He has been studying English for 5 years. 他学习英语有五年了。(还会继续下去)

He has studied English since 1985. 自从1985年起他就学习英语了。(不知道是否会继续下去)

同学们对现在完成时和现在完成进行时的用法是否掌握了呢?下面我们结合近年的高考题来边做边讲。

[高考示例]

【例1】—I have got a beadache.

—No wonder. You________in front of that computer too long.(NMET2007江西卷)

A.work B.are workingC.have been workingD.worked

答案:C。本题考查动词现在完成进行时时态的用法。强调动作从过去一直持续到现在,并且还在持续进行。因为该句的语境表示说话者“在计算机前一直工作,时间太长,所以头疼了”。

【例2】 Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ________ English for a year. (NMET2007湖南卷)

A. studiesB. studied C. is studying D. has been studying

点拨:答案选D。“Cathy is taking notes of……”主句是现在进行时表示Cathy正在学校学习,强调该学习动作从过去一直持续到现在,并且还在持续进行一年。因此选用现在完成进行时。

【例3】I___________there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.(NMET2007陕西卷)

A.would beB.have beenC.had beenD.will be

点拨:答案为C。本题考查动词现在完成时的用法。因为该句的语境强调:“我开始和这科学家来那儿工作不足一周时间”。

【例4】I got caught in the rain and my suit____.(NMET2007北京卷/32)

A. has ruinedB. had ruined C. has been ruinedD. had been ruined

点拨:答案选C。根据语境I got caught in the rain,说明我(从过去)遇到了雨,我的衣服已经被雨淋湿。因此,选用现在完成时的被动语态是正确的。

【例5】When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ________ . (NMET2007四川卷/23)

A.have markedB. have been marked

C.had markedD.had been marked

点拨:答案选B。what和mark之间有动宾关系,句意是:拿回试纸时,注意所给的分数。分数是已给在试纸上的,因此选用现在完成时的被动语态。

【例6】The coffee is wonderful!It doesn’t taste like anything I_______before.(NMET2005全国卷II)

A.was having B.have C.have ever had D.had ever had

点拨:答案为C。本题考查动词现在完成时态的用法。因为该句表示时间的副词before常常用在现在完成时态的句子中。

练习

1. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy________going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.

A. had considered

B. has been considering

C. considered

D. is going to consider

2. The construction of the two new railway lines__________by now.

A. has completed

B. have completed

C. have been completed

D. has been completed

3. Customers are asked to make sure that they __________the right change before leaving the shop.

A. will give

B. have been given

C. have given

D. will be given 

4. John and I________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we_________ each other a couple of times before that. 

A. had been;have seen

B. have been;have seen

C. had been;had seen

D. have been;had seen

4.一般过去时和现在完成时 篇四

I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.Jim ______(make)many friends since he ______(come)to China.2.They ______(know)each other for about ten years.3.He ______ already ______(write)a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise.4.—When ______ she ______(leave)?

—Two hours ago.5.—______ you ______(see)the film before?

—Yes, I ______.—Where ______ you ______(see)it?

—At The Queen’s Cinema.6.They usually ______(go)fishing when they lived there.III.单项填空。

1.—Where have you ______ these days?

—I have ______ to Yangzhou with my friends.A.been, goneB.been, beenC.gone, beenD.gone, gone

2.—Where is your father? We haven’t seen each other for weeks.—______.A.He has been to AmericaB.He has gone to England

C.He is going to AustraliaD.He would visit my grandparents

3.Jim ______ the Great Wall many times.A.went toB.goes toC.has gone toD.has been to

4.—______ to the United States?

—No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you beenB.Have you goneC.Did you goD.Will you go

5.Miss Wu has taught in this school ______.A.for ten yearsB.ten years agoC.since ten yearsD.for ten years ago

6.I ______ today’s homework already.What about you?

A.have finishedB.finishC.to finishD.finishing

1)概念的不同:一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;

现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响

持续到现在的动作或状态

2)时间状语的不同:一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

5.一般过去时和现在完成时 篇五

1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month...), once a week, on Sundays,3.基本结构:动词 原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S)

4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,通常还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

6.例句:It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words.二、一般过去时:

1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词

4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。

6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.I didn't know you were so busy.三、现在进行时:

1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing

4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

6.例句:How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.四、过去进行时:

1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构:was/were+doing

4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。

6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.五、现在完成时:

1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构:have/has + done

4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句:have或has提前

6.例句:I've written an article.It has been raining these days.六、过去完成时:

1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.3.基本结构:had + done.4.否定形式:had + not + done.5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。

6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month.We had reviewed four books七、一般将来时:

1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.4.否定形式:was/were + not;在行为动词前加won't,同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。

6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.八、过去将来时:

1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.3.基本结构:was/were/going to do;would/should + do.4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。

6.一般过去时和现在完成时 篇六

一语法:现在完成时

1.结构: 主语+ have /has +p.p

主语+ have /has +been +其它

2.判断词:①for+一段时间、since+时间点、how long 引导的时间状语从句。②already/yet引导的时间状语从句

③ever / never引导的时间状语从句

④just / before引导的时间状语从句

⑤by the time +过去的时间状语/ by the end of+过去的时间状语

⑥次数/ where is xxx(如果有动作用现在进行时,如果无动作用has / have gone to xx

⑦in the last / past + 一段时间。

3.特殊情况:由①中的引导词引导的句子中不能用短暂性动词,出现短暂性动词要改为延续性动词。

常见的转化的词有:die→be deadbuy→haveborrow→keepleave→be away(from)

start→be onjoin→be in+ 组织/ be a member of+ 组织+ 组织

⑷疑问句、否定句的做法

英语的时态中,完成时态是最特殊的一类。他们在变疑问句、否定句时只需将have / has提前构成疑问句,在have / has 后加“not ”构成否定。而其余时态则需要添加助动词。

特殊:一般过去时与现在完成时的区别与联系

相同点:两种时态都发生在过去。

不同点:过去时的动作发生在过去且过去就结束,现在完成时的过去没有结束要持续到现在来完成或进行结束。

二 语法:过去完成时用法

⑴定义:表示在过去的某个动作之前发生的动作。

⑵结构:主语 + had+ p.p

⑶判断词:

1.by the end of / by the time + 过去的某个动作, 主语 + had+ p.p

2.by the end of / by the time + 过去的时间, 主语 + had+ p.p

3.When / before + 一个过去时的句子,主语 + had+ p.p

4.在宾语从句中,当从句的时态是现在完成时而主句的时态是过去时,此时从句的时态最终用过去完成时。

⑷疑问句、否定句的做法

7.一般过去时和现在完成时 篇七

1、 It was getting darker. The rain was beating on the windows. The wind was rising. A wood fire was burning on the hearth, and a cat was sleeping in front of it. A girl was playing the piano and was singing softly to herself. Suddenly, there was a knock on the door...

天正慢慢黑下来,大雨拍打着窗子,外面开始起风了。室内炉火中的木柴在燃烧。一只猫正在炉火前睡觉,一位姑娘弹着钢琴,轻声哼唱。突然,传来敲门声……

我们看到,上文中就是用了一系列过去进行时(was getting, was beating, was rising...)来进行故事背景的铺垫,这一切都烘托出了一种略带恐怖的氛围(电影中的谋杀案往往都是在这样的情景下发生的)。

再来看看下列关于詹姆斯·邦德的故事:

2、 James Bond was driving through town. It was raining. The wind was blowing hard. Nobody was walking in the streets. Suddenly, Bond saw the killer in a telephone box...

詹姆斯·邦德当时正开着车,窗外刮着风、下着雨,此时街上没有一个人。突然,邦德看到那名杀手在电话亭里……

上面这种通过描写一系列的过去进行动作来渲染故事背景的过去进行时用法多见于文学作品中。在日常生活叙事中,我们更多的是把“过去进行时”和“一般过去时”配合使用。此时,过去进行时通常表示一个历时较长的体现“背景”的动作或状态;而一般过去时则表示在此“背景”下发生的一个短暂的动作或状态。简言之,长动作用过去进行时;短动作用一般过去时,以此表示在过去进行时动作持续期间,发生了另一个短暂动作。这两个动作之间用when或while连接。

比如我们这样告诉别人自己曾经的“恐怖”经历:

3、 I was walking along the street late last night when suddenly I heard footsteps behind me. Somebody was following me. I was frightened and I started to run.

昨夜很晚的时候我一个人走在大街上,突然我听见身后有脚步声跟着我。我当时害怕极了,就开始跑了起来。

上句中walk表示“一直在走”,显然是长动作,所以要用过去进行时;hear表示“听到了”,显然是短动作,所以用了一般过去时。这里表示在was walking这个持续动作的背景下发生了短暂动作heard。

值得注意的是,这里所说的动作长与短是相对的。比如在这句中:

4、 I was watching TV when the telephone rang.

看电视(watching TV)可能持续几个小时,而电话铃响可能就几秒钟(a few seconds)。

但在这个句子里:

5、 I was walking past the car when it exploded.

Walking past the car可能只持续了几秒钟a few seconds,而exploded则更短,可能就a few milliseconds。

总之,动作的长短是指具体句子里的两个动作的相对长短。相对短的动作用一般过去时,相对长的动作用过去进行时。若时态用错,句意可能就要发生改变。下面举两个例子来说明这一点。比如:

6、 I was cooking dinner last night when I cut my finger.(我昨晚做晚饭的时候,不小心把手指给切了。)

7、 I was telephoning Harry when she arrived.(她回来时,我正在给Harry打电话。)

这两个句子中时态的使用都是符合上述分析的英文思维规律的,即长动作用过去进行时(was cooking, was telephon-ing),短动作用一般过去时(cut, arrived)。

但若是违反这一英语思维规律,比如在第6句中,我们把短动作cut也用过去进行时,说成:

8、 While I was cutting my finger, ...

那就变成“当我在切手指的时候”,此时cutting变成了一个长动作了。相信一个正常人是不会说出这样的句子的,更不会做出cutting fingers这样的行为。

再比如在第7句,我们把长动作telephone改用一般过去时,说成:

9、I telephoned Harry when she arrived.

则第7句和第9句意思是不同的。

第7句译为“她到的时候我正在给Harry打电话”,是表明在我打电话过程中,她到了,即先telephone,后arrive。这里,telephone是一个延续动作,arrive是短暂动作。

第9句译为“她到了之后,我再给Harry打电话”,是表明我打电话是发生在她回来之后,即先arrive,后telephone。此时,telephone和arrive都变成了短暂动作。

由此可见,时态的正确使用对于句意表达是多么重要。我们也常用一般过去时表示正在进行的动作,但如用过去进行时,则更强调动作的持续性,如第11句。

10、While I fumbled for some money, my friend paid the fares.(我掏钱时,我的朋友已经把车费付了。)

11、While I was fumbling for some money, my friend paid the fares.

前面说的是,如果句中有两个相对长短的动作,那么长动作用过去进行时,短动作用一般过去时。但是,若句中两个都是较长的动作,则两个动作都需用过去进行时,表示两个过去在同时持续的动作。此时我们分不出哪个动作先发生。如:

12、While I was studying in my dorm, my roommates were talking loudly with their friends.

13、While I was studying last night, my wife was watching TV.

思维总结

本期我们重点讨论了用过去进行时态来回顾过去,即讲故事的用法。我们常在故事的一开始用这个时态来设置故事的背景。若是两个动作有长短之分,则长动作用过去进行时,短动作用一般过去时,这是过去进行时最重要的用法。

另外,若句中是两个长动作,则都用过去进行时表达,表示两个过去同时在持续的动作。最后附带说明的是,如果是两个短动作,则都用一般过去时态。由此我们看到动作的长短与时态有如此密切的关系:

1、 句中有一个长动作和一个短动作:长动作用过去进行时,短动作用一般过去时;

2、 句中两个动作都是长动作:都用过去进行时;

3、 句中两个动作都是短动作:都用一般过去时。

思维训练

一、 告诉你的朋友这样一个故事:昨晚12点左右,你正一个人在家做某事(比如看电视),突然有人按门铃,然后你去开门,但发现屋外没有人。并继续发挥你的想象,把故事讲完。

二、 用括号里动词的适当形式填空,并把这些故事讲给你的朋友听。

1. While divers ________ (work) off the coast of Florida, they __________ (discover) a 100-year-old shipwreck. The shipwreck ______ (contain) gold bars worth $2 million. The divers ______ (film) life on a coral reef when they ______ (find) the gold.

2. The flight ______ (fly) from London to New York when it suddenly ______ (encounter) turbulence and ______ (drop) 15,000 feet. The plane ______ (carry) over 300 passengers and a crew of 17.

3. A: What an awful story! A couple ______ (sail) their yacht from Hawaii to Mexico. While they ______ (cross) the Pacific, their boat ______ (hit) a whale and ______ (sink)!

B: Is that true? What happened to the whale?

A: It doesn't say.

参考答案:

一、

What a mystery! It was around 12:00 last night. I was watching TV when someone rang the doorbell. I answered the door, but found nobody outside.

二、

1、 were working, discovered, contained, were filming, found.

2、 was flying, encountered, dropped, was carrying.

3、 was sailing, were crossing, hit, sank.

回音壁

读者Stephanie来信提问:

张老师:

您好!

我遇到一道题不知道该怎么入手去做:

1.________ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.

A. Having believed

B. Believing

C. Believed

D. Being believed

我认为应该选A,但正确答案是B。

我的一位老师说不能选A,是因为A所要表达的意思为:相信完了,不再相信了!听他这样一解释我就更觉得应该选A,的确是那时候的人相信地球是方的,现在的人已经不信了啊!

我同时也看了您写的语法书,您说:1、如果分词动作本身持续一段时间要用完成式,那么此题中的“相信”肯定是会持续一段时间的啊!2、分词动作与谓语动作之间有一段间隔要用完成式,那此题中的“相信”和后面所说的人们害怕Columbus会掉下去也是间隔了一段时间的啊……越想越晕!

希望得到您的指教!

感激涕零!

Stephanie

张满胜老师回复:

Stephanie:

你好!

谢谢你的来信!

上述你提出的问题是关于分词的用法问题,具体来说是关于分词一般式doing和完成式having done的意义差别。简言之,分词的一般式doing表示的是分词动作(如believing)和句子谓语动作(如feared)是同时存在的,并没有先后之分。这正是上题中分词所要表达的意义:因为当时人们都普遍相信地球是平坦的,所以他们担心哥伦布会从地球的边缘掉下去。这里的“相信believing”和“担心feared”一定是同时存在的,否则就不存在上述的因果关系。你误解的关键原因就是你的“立场不对”。你说“的确是那时候的人相信地球是方的,现在的人已经不信了啊!”这样理解是不对的,你这样理解是站在“现在”来看,但实际上我们应该站在feared这个过去时间来看,因为分词是否用完成式是要看“句子谓语动词”,而不是看“现在”。我书中的两条规律都是相对“句子谓语动词”来说的,而不能看“现在”。比如我们说:Having been defeated many times in a row, the opponent decided to give up fighting.这里比较的就是“defeated”和“decided”两者之间的时间关系,因为句中说了many times,所以“defeated”和“decided”是有很长时间间隔的,因此我们要用完成式说成having been defeated。

总之,判断分词用一般式还是完成式,要依据它和谓语动作之间的时间关系,而不能拿说话的“现在”来看,这个角度非常重要。

祝愉快!

张满胜

8.一般过去时和现在完成时 篇八

一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。如:

What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么?

We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。

He is going to study abroad next year. 明年他要出国学习。

2. 一般将来时的结构及应用

(1) shall / will + 动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情,只能用此结构。如:

What shall we do if he doesn’t come? 如果他不来,我们该怎么办?

Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空吗?

I think he will tell us the truth. 我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。

(2) be going to + 动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情,也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如:

We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening. 今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。

Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云,我想天要下雨了。

There is going to be an English evening this week. 本周要举行一个英语晚会。

(3) be to + 动词原形。表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做的事情。如:

Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天该谁打扫教室了?

When are you to return your library book? 你什么时候要还图书?

The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year. 这渡桥该在今年年底前完工。

(4) be about to + 动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合,因此,句子不能再用时间状语。如:

Don’t leave. Li Lei is about to come. 不要走了,李蕾就要来了。

Be quiet. The concert is about to start. 安静下来,音乐演唱会就要开始了。

(5) be +现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词:come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。如:

Go ahead, and I’m coming. 走前面一点吧,我就来。

The dog is dying. 那条狗要死了。

Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快点,商店就要关门了。

(6) 一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说,上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。如:

Don’t hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙,回忆八点过一刻开始。

9.一般过去时和现在完成时 篇九

1)概念一般过去时:过去发生的动作或是状态a.表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态; b.过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为; c.过去主语所具备的能力和性格。

一般现在时:现在通常性、规律性、习惯性的动作或是状态a.表示经常发生的动作,是一般情况不是具体的某一件事; b.长期存在的一种状态; c.永恒的事实或真理,谚语等。

2)基本构成A.主谓(谓语动词是实意动词)(宾):

一般过去时:肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他;否定句:主语+did+not+动词+其他;疑问句:Did+主语+动词+其他;特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词+其他;否定疑问句:Did+主语+not+动词+其他

一般现在时:肯定句:主语+动词或(动词+s)+其他;否定句:主语+do/does+not+动词+其他 疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词+其他特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+动词+其他 否定疑问句:Do/Does+主语+not+动词+其他注:变化最大的在于:do/does→did(过去式的动词变化)

B.谓语动词是助动词时:

a. Be 动词 一般过去时:肯定句:主语+was(were)+表语 否定句:主语+was(were)+not+表语 疑问句:Was(Were)+主语+表语特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was(were)+主语+表语 否定疑问句:Was(Were)+主语+not+表语 一般现在时:肯定句:主语+be动词+表语 否定句:主语+be动词 +not+表语疑问句:Be动词 +主语+表语特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+表语 否定疑问句:Be动词 +主语+not+表语 注意:am(I)、is(he/she/it)→wasAre(we/you/they)→were第三人称时,动词要进行变化。

b.have/has一般过去时:肯定句:主语+had+表语否定句:主语+had+not+表语疑问句:Had +主语+表语Did+主语+have+表语 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+have/has+表语 否定疑问句:Did +主语+have/has+not+表语 一般现在时:肯定句:主语+have/has+表语否定句:主语+have/has +not+表语 疑问句:Do/Does+主语+have/has+表语 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+表语 否定疑问句:Do/Does +主语+not+表语注意:不管是过去时还是现在时,疑问句都需要助动词did或do.c.情态动词过去式:一般过去时:将情态动词变成过去式,后面加原形,其他句型转变的规 则与be动词基本一致。Shall will can may must have to 例:I can swim.3)怎样从时间状语上判断一般现在时和一般过去时一般过去时yesterday(morning,afternoon,evening)the day before yesterday last night(week Sunday weekend month winter year,century 世纪);ago ;this morning/afternoon/evening ;when引导的状语从句(过去时);just now ;the other day--a few days ago;at the age of 10(过去年龄段);in the old days

一般现在时always usually regularly every morning /night/evening/day/week often sometimes occasionally from time to time, twice a week, rarely, seldom, once a month, hardly, ever, never

10.浅谈现在完成时 篇十

现在完成时由“助动词 have + 过去分词”构成。当主语是第三人称单数时,助动词要用 have 的第三人称单数形式 has,主语为其余人称,无论是单数还是复数,助动词一律用 have。其缩略式分别为’s或’ve。

二、 现在完成时的用法

1. 表示发生在过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如:

I have finished reading the book. 我读完了这本书。(读书这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是:我知道了书的内容。)

2. 表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在。此时,谓语动词多为延续性动词,它可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。例如:

I have been here for three years. 我来这里三年了。

We have lived here since we were born. 自从出生以来,我们一直住在这里。

当谓语动词为非延续性动词时,其现在完成时的否定形式也可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如:

We haven’t seen her for a year. 我们一年没有看到她了。

三、 与现在完成时连用的副词

与现在完成时连用的常见副词有 already, just, yet, ever, never 等。 already, just 多用于肯定句中; yet, ever, never 多用于否定句和疑问句中。例如:

I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。

I’ve just copied all the new words. 我刚抄完所有的生词。

—Have you got ready yet? 你准备好了吗?

—No, not yet! 还没呢!

Have you ever spoken to a foreigner? 你同外国人讲过话吗?

I have never done such a thing. 我从来没有做过这样的事。

四、 与现在完成时连用的时间状语

与现在完成时连用的时间状语有“for + 一段时间”,“since + 时间点/谓语动词为一般过去时的句子”,“in the past/last + 一段时间”, so far, up to now, all these days 等。例如:

He has been away for two months. 他已经离开两个月了。

He has been an English teacher since 1995. 自从1995年以来,他一直当英语教师。

Mr Green has been at this school since he came to China. 自从格林先生到中国以来,就一直在这所学校(任教)。

He has been in America in the past/last few years. 在过去的几年里,他一直呆在美国。

He has been her good friend so far. 到目前为止,他一直是她的好朋友。

五、 注意 have/has been to 和 have/has gone to 的区别

have/has been to 和 have/has gone to 后面都可以接表示地点的名词,但意义不同。前者意为“(某人)曾经去过某地”;后者意为“(某人)去某地了”,现在或许到达了目的地,或者在途中。主语多为第三人称。例如:

—Have you ever been to Hainan? 你曾经去过海南吗?

—Never. 从来没有。

11.现在完成时说课 篇十一

第十九周第九单元复习课说课

我主讲的题目是现在完成时,我把整个教学环节分为五部分:教材分析、学生分析、教学准备、设计理念、教学流程.一、教材分析 1语法 现在完成时

2句型: 和have /has+V过去分词 3重点与难点:现在完成时的用法

二、学生分析

我所教的八年级(17,18)两个班的学生,他们的共同的特点是两极分化严重,部分学生自制力差,学习的主动性差,缺乏自信心,见于这种情况,我尽量在教学中,多设置一些情境,使他们都参与到活动中来,在活动中适时的对他们进行思想教育.三、教学准备

1学生课前活动安排:复习已学过的现在完成进行时的用法, 2课前准备:利用精美的图片,制作课件, 来吸引学生,使他们更有积极性.四、教学流程与设计理念 关于现在完成时的构成与用法

(1)现在完成时的构成:have / has + 过去分词

如:work的现在完成时的肯定式为: have / has worked 否定式为: have/ has not worked(2)现在完成时的用法:

12.现在完成时教学设计 篇十二

一、引入、复习已学过的几种主要时态: 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时等。注:谓语动词结构与句子所表达的时间一致。T:Make sentences with tenses.S1:Iusually get up at six.S2: ……

二、现在完成时的构成形式:

主语+have/has(助动词)+done(动词的过去分词)I have already finished my homework.He has gone to Beijing.They have stayed here for two years.三、现在完成时的各种句式:

1、陈述句:主语+have/has+动词过去分词。Tom has watched the film already.2、否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词.We haven’t been to Shanghai yet.3、一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词。

Have you ever been to a museum?

4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+动词的过去分词。

How long have you had that bike over there?

5、反意疑问句:借助于助动词have/has来完成。

Jim has been in Japan for three days,hasn’t he?

6、Excercises

四、中考考点:

考点一:现在完成时的句型结构

现在完成时的肯定句、疑问句和肯定和否定回答。

考点二:现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

1、利用图标进行比较现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。

2、例句

3、Excercises 考点三:现在完成时中常见的暗示词:already,yet,ever, for, since, in the past/lastfew years,so far, just,twice……

考点四:already和yet的区别

1、already常用于肯定句,yet常用于疑问句和否定句。

2、Excercises 考点五:for和since的区别 讲解For和since的基本用法。

考点六:have been to have gone to have been in 区别 讲练结合

考点七:延续性动词和短暂性动词的转化。

1、什么是延续性动词和非延续性动词。

2、列举常用的延续性动词和非延续性动词的转化。考点八:It is +时间段+since+一般过去式的句子。略讲

五、链接中考的试题演练

1、真题演练

13.“点击”过去完成时 篇十三

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past)”。如图:

过去时间(动作) 过去时间(动作) 现在时间(动作)

(用过去完成时) (用一般过去时) (用现在时)

过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成,其中had通用于各种人称。例如:

They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.

She had finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning.

二、过去完成时的判定方法

1. 由时间状语来判定。

一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:

(1) by + 过去的时间点。例如:

I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.

(2) by the end of + 过去的时间点。例如:

We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

(3) before + 过去的时间点。例如:

They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

2. 由主、从句谓语动词所表示的动作发生的先后来判定。

过去完成时表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:

(1) 宾语从句中

当主句为一般过去时,且宾语从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。例如:

She said that she had seen the film before.

(2) 状语从句中

在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。例如:

When I got to the station, the train had already left.

After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

注意:在before, after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。例如:

Where did you study before you came here?

After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

3. 根据上、下文来判定。

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.

三、过去完成时的主要用法

1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。 例如:

When I woke up, it had stopped raining.

我醒来时,雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)

2. 过去完成时表示的是一个相对的状态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去的某一时间或某一动作比较时才使用它。例如:

He told me that he had written a new book.(“had written”发生在“told”之前)

3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already, yet, still, just, before, never等副词及by, before, until等引导的短语或从句连用。例如:

Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.

Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.

4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。例如:

By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.(“had worked”表示已工作了20年,还有继续工作下去的可能)

四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词have(has) + 过去分词” ;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作比较时,才用到它。试比较:

I have learned 1000 English words so far. (“学习”的动作从过去一直持续到现在)

I had learned 1000 English words till then. (“学习”的动作从那时以前一直持续到那时)

—I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

—Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. (“呆”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)

—John returned home yesterday.

—Where had he been?(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在“returned home”之前去了哪儿,即“过去的过去”)

五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:

1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较:

They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.

They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.

2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。例如:

She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first prize in the composition competition.

3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在before, after, as soon as引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。例如:

He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.

14.现在完成时的句子 篇十四

现在完成时的句子

 

1、Have you ever traveled on a plane?

你坐飞机旅行过吗?

2、Have you ever been abroad?

你出国过吗?

3、I’ve just finished reading the book、

我刚读完书。

4、I’ve never been there、

我从来没去那里。

5、I’ve already been there twice、

我只去过那里两次。

6、Who has been to Hawaii? None of us has、

谁去过夏威夷?没人去过。

7、Has anybody water-skied before?

有人之前滑过水吗?

8、How long have you been here in Sydney?

你来悉尼多久了?

9、I know you’ve come to see your father、

我知道你来看你的.爸爸。

10、You’ve learnt surfing from him, haven’t you?

你从他那里学的滑水,不是吗?

11、Have you ever been to Hawaii?

你去过夏威夷吗?

12、He has been in Honolulu ever since、

他从那以后就在檀香山。

13、I have already won first prize in the city surfing competition、

我已经在城市的冲浪比赛中获得了第一名。

14、I’ve been surfing every day、

我每天都冲浪。

15、I’ve been here for two weeks already、

我已经在这里呆了两周了。

16、How many songs has he learned so far?

他到目前为止学了多少歌了?

17、How long have you been a member of Greener China?

你成为绿色中国的一员多久了?

18、I’ve been with Greener China for a year、

我跟随绿色中国一年了。

19、What have you done since you joined Greener China?

你加入绿色中国后都做了什么?

20、Have you ever thrown any litter onto the ground?

你有没有往地上扔过东西?

21、If your answers are “No”, it means that you have already helped protect our environment、

如果你的回答是“否”,它意味着你已经帮助保护了我们的环境。(www.Fwsir.com)

22、Have I ever picked up some rubbish and thrown it into a dustbin?

我有没有把垃圾捡起来扔进垃圾筒呢?

23、Have I ever collected waste paper or bottles for recycling?

我有没有为回收而收集废旧纸张或瓶子呢?

24、Have I ever planted any trees or flowers in or near my neighbourhood?

我有没有在社区附近种过树或花呢?

25、If your answers are “Yes”,it means that you have already done something useful to improve the environment、

如果你的回答是“是”,它意味着你已经为保护环境做了些有用的事。

26、After you have finished the questionnaire, you may decide if your friend is doing very well in protecting the environment、

你完成调查问卷后,你可以决定你的朋友是否在保护环境方面做得很好。

27、Has everyone in your class written a letter to a factory to ask them to stop pouring dirty water into the river or lake nearby?

你们班的人有没有给工厂写信让他们停止向附近的河或湖排放污水?

28、How long have you worked in this library?

15.一般过去时和现在完成时 篇十五

1.Don’t

(打架)with others.2.What

(其它)do you want to say?

3.I wore my

(运动鞋)for gym class yesterday.4.Don’t eat meals in the

(教室).5.Can we wear

(帽子)in class?

6.She

(have)to be in bed by ten o’clock.7.(not read)in the sun because it’s bad for your eyes.8.Don’t talk

(loud)at home.9.The teacher told me

(not be)late again.10.No

(talk)in class.II.Complete the sentences as required.(20分)

11.We can’t listen to music in the classroom.(改为祈使句)

to music in the classroom.12.Eat in class,please.(改为否定句)

_________

in class,please.13.They have to clean the classroom every day.(对划线部分提问)

they have to _________every day.14.Listen to music in the hallways(改否定句)

listen to music in the hallways.15.She has to wash clothes every week.(改为一般疑问句)

Does she

wash her clothes every day.III.Structure and Grammar.Choose the best answers.(10分)

()16.

Your homework after school.A.Doing

B.To do

C.Do

()17.Don’t arrive late

school.A.loud

B.loudly

C.aloud

()18.Can we

in the hallways?

A.to eat

B.eat

C.eating()19.They have

rules in their class.A.too much

B.much too

C.too many()20.sleeping in class.A.Can’t

B.Don’t

C.No

()21.Please

play volleyball here.A.please

B.do

C.don’t

()22.can you see in the picture?

A.What other

B.What else

C.Other what

()23.Our teacher told us

in class.A.not to eat

B.don’t eat

C.not eat()24.----_________ Tom_______go to bed by ten?

A.Do;has to

B.Does;have to

C.Does;has to()25.My mother was ill,so I________look after her at home.A.must

B.had to

C.could

I 1.fight 2.else 3.sport shoes 4.classroom 5.hates 6.has 7.Don’t read 8.loudly 9.not to be 10.talking II 11.Don’t ,listen 12.Don’t,eat 13.What,do 14.Don’t listen 15.have ,to III 16--20 CBBCC

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