初中英语全套教案

初中英语全套教案（8篇）

1.初中英语全套教案 篇一

Unit 1

Teaching Aims：

1.Learn and master the following words and phrases

Survive, item, hunt for, make a fire on board,hammer,mirror, saw,care about,parachute

2.Important Ss’reading ability

3.Enable Ss to value the friendship between friends by learning the reading text

Teaching Important Points:

1.Important Ss’reading ability

2. Master the following phrases

Hunt for,make a fire,care about, on board

Teaching Difficult points:

How to make Ss understand the reading text better

Teaching Methods:

1.Discussion before reading to make Ss interested in what they will learn

2. Discussion after reading to make Ss understand what they’ve learned better

3. Fast reading to get a general idea of the text

4. Careful reading to get the detailed information in the text

Teaching Aids:

1.a recorder 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Greetings and Revision

Yesterday we learned some self-introduction . We know how to describe yourself and your friends in English . Now who can give us self-introduction in English?

Step 2 Pre-reading

Ok. Thank you for your self-introduction . We all know that we have lived with our parents, since we were born. We have never been left on a plane without your parents , brother or sister, friends and all the things we use in our daily life . Yes or No ?

Step 3 Fast reading

First I’ll give five minutes to read the text and then summrize the main idea of each para.

Par. 1 : Chuck’s plane lands on a deserted island

Par.2: Chuck has to learn to how to survive on the island

Par.3: Chuck learns a lot about himself when he is alone on the island

Par.4 Chuck has made an unusual friend on the island

Step 4 Careful reading

Read the text again in three minutes and then answer the following questions and choose the best answer

Questions:

1.Does Chuck Noland always have time to get together with his friends?why?

2. Where does he land after the crash?

3. What things must he learn to survive?

4. What is the most difficult for him.

5.Who is Wilson?

6. What does Chuck learn about himself when he is alone on the island?

7. What does Chuck learn from his experience on the deserted island?

8. What can we learn from Chuck’s experience?

9.If you were alone on a deserted island,what would you do in order to survive?

10. Imagine that four people are in an airplane that is going to crash. One is a policeman, one is a doctor, one is a teacher, and one is a scientist . There is only one parachute. Decide who should get the parachute and explain why.

Choose the best answer

1.Tom Hanks _____________ . C

A.is a successful businessman B. doesn’t have much free time

C. is the main actor in the movie Cast Away D. had a plane accident over the Pacific

2.A deserted island __________ . C

A. has no post office on it B. lies in the middle of the Pacific Ocean

C. is an empty place where nobody lives D. is a plane crashes are most likely to happen

3.. To be short of _______ is what makes it most difficultfor chuck to live on the island. C

A. volleyball B. fresh water C. friendship D. enough food

4. After 5 years alone on the island , chuck would probably disagree that _______ . A

A. a good friend should never think about himself

B. people can make friends with some unusual things like animals

C. friends are the people who can share your happiness and sorrow

D. as a good friend ,you must give as much as you take

5. which can be learned from the last paragraph of the passage ? B

A. Everyone need an unusual friends

B. Friends can learn from each other

C. A friend in need is a friend indeed

D. Animals and things can make better friends than human beings

Step 5 Repeat the story according to the following.：

plane crashed deserted island make friends with(Key words: learn to realise the lesson from Chuck friendship an unusual friend)

Step 6 Language points

1. ① manager n. 经理,管理者,经营者

这家公司的经理 the manager of the company

manage v. 控制, 管理, 经营 (口语:应付得来,做得来

Manage a business 管理商务 I can’t manage it alone.我一个人办不来.

2 crash n. 坠毁,碰撞,碰坏,哗啦啦地倒塌

他于飞机失事中丧生 He was killed in an air crash

v. 撞击, 坠毁, 冲入 公共汽车撞在树上了 The bus crashed into a tree

那架飞机坠毁了 The aircraft crashed

3. deserted adj. 无人居住的 , 荒废了的, 被抛弃了的

a deserted village/island 荒废的村庄/荒岛

4. develop v. 发展, 开发,(使)成长;(使)发育

植物由种子发育而成. eg.Plants develop from seeds

工农业飞速发展. Agriculture and industry develop very quickly

A developing country 发展中国家

A developed country 发达国家

With the development of 随着…….的发展

5.On the island,Chuck has to learn to survive all alone.

Alone与lonely的区别:

Alone adj,adv.作为adj时,只能用作表语,不能做定语. 意为”独自一人” 作为adv时,表示”独自,单独” 用在名词,代词之后,意为”只有”

lonely adj. 表示人 “孤独的, 寂寞的”.也可表示地方”荒凉的:, “人烟稀少的”,既可以做定语,也可以做表语.

虽然我独自一人,但是我并不寂寞 I am alone, but I don’t feel lonely.

他独自一人在荒岛上呆了四年 He lived alone on the lonely island for four years

6.In order to survive, Chuck developed

In order to 引导表示目的的状语,意为”为了”

他早起为了赶第一班车 He got up early in order to catch the first bus.

Unit 2

Teaching Aims：

1.Learn the text “English around the world”

2. Get Ss to master the useful expressions in the text

3. Train ss to read the text with correct pronunciation and intonation

Teaching Important Points:

1. How to improve Ss’ ability to read an article

2. How to get Ss to masterr the useful expressions

Teaching Difficult points:

The use of some useful expressions

Teaching Methods:

1. Fast-reading to train Ss’ reading speed

2.Reading comprehension to help Ss grasp the main idea of the text

3. Preactise getting Ss to master what they’ve learned

Teaching Aids:

1. a recorder 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Lead-in

From the text we learned yesterday, we know that English is used widely around the world. People in many countries speak English as their first language, and among those countries are America and Britain. Then let’s look at two pictures. Can you tell me which one belongs to America and which one belongs to Britain?

The sceneries were so beautiful

But do you know that American English and British English are not the same. Then let’s have a revision of some differences between British English and American English.

e.g. a. Meaning: bathroom b. Spelling: color & colour

c. Pronunciation: hot d. Words: fall & autumn

I think most of our students are interested in the differences between American English and British English. Do you want to know more about it? Today we will learn the text named

Step 2 Reading Comprehension

ⅠFast Reading

Read the text quickly and answer the following question, then summarize the main idea of each para.

Question: Are the differences greater in the written language or the spoken language?

Answer: The differences are greater in the spoken language.

the main idea of each para.

Para.1 English is spoken as mother tongue and as a second language

Para.2 Many people learn English as a foreign language

Para.3 Many people communicate in English every day

ⅡCareful Reading

Questions:

1. When did American become independent?

2. When did the language begin to change?

3. Which country did the British take “Typhoon” from?

Which country did the Americans take “Tornado” from?

4. Who wrote the first American dictionary?

5. What was his purpose?

6. What are the main three reasons for the differences?

Step 3 Practice

ⅠRead aloud the text

ⅡGo through the text and deal with some language points

1.come about: happen e.g. How did the accident come about?

2. at first e.g. At first she was afraid of water,but she soon learned to swim.

3. while e.g. Some people are rich while others are poor.

4. just as e.g. Just as you say, he is a honest boy.

5. end up with e.g. At the dinner w usually begin with soup and end up with fruit.

6. except for e.g. You composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.

Ⅲ Answer the following questions by choosing the best answer.

1. America stopped being a part of England in _______. C

A 1707 B 1828 C 1776 D 1911

2. Which of the following statements is true? D

A After 1828 American English and British English stayed the same.

B After 1828 British English changed but British English stayed the same.

C After 1828 British English changed but American English stayed the same.

D After 1828 both British English and American English changed.

3. British English is different from American English because________. C

A British decided to change the spelling of many American words

B American English changed but British English stayed the same

C the Americans and British took different words from other languages

D America is a bigger country

4. Noah Webster was_______. D

A an American president B a Spanish farmmer C a British teacher D an American writer

5. Which of the following statements is true?D

A In the future both American English and British English will stay the same.

B In the future American English will change but British English will not.

C In the future British English will change but American English will not.

D In the future both British English and American English will change.

Step 4 Consolidation

Retell the text according to key words:

differences, come about, change, borrow, Noah Webster, spelling, pronunciation

Step 5 Homework

Write a short passage about the differences between British and American English, mainly the reason and some examples of the differences.

The Design of the Blackboard

American English & British English

ⅠDifferences Ⅱ Keywords

a.Meaning: bathroom differences

b. Spelling: color & colour come about

c. Pronunciation: hot change

d. Words: fall & autumn borrow

Noah Webster

spelling

pronunciation

Unit 3

Teaching Aims：

1. Learn and master the following words and expressions:

Adventure simply rafting equipment paddle get away from get close to

2. Train Ss’ reading ability

Teaching Important Points:

1.Improve Ss’ reading ability

2.Enable ss to understand the text better

3.Master the following phrases:

get away from get close to instead of be careful (not )to do sth

Teaching Difficult points:

Master sentence structures

1. Yet there are other reasons why people trave

2.It is done rives and streams where the waster moves quickly

Teaching Methods:

1.Discussion before reading to make Ss interested in travel and adventure travel

2. Fast reading to get a general idea of the text

3. Careful reading toanswerthe detailed questions in the text

Teaching Aids:

1. a recorder 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Discussion:

1.Do you like traveling? Why or why not?

2.Where would you most like to travel? Why?

3.What is adventure(冒险) travel?

Step 2 Reading

Today we’ll read a text “adventure travel”and know something about it Read the passage quickly to get the general idea

Para.1 adventure travel

Para2 Hiking

Para3 Rafting

Answer the following questions

1.Why do many people travel?

see other countries visit places that are famous, interesting or beautiful. meet new friends try new kinds of food experience life in other parts of the world get away from cold weather

2.Why do people enjoy hiking?

…get close to nature and take exercise at the same time.

…is easy to do and doesn’t have to be very expensive.

The basic equipment you need for hiking is simple.

…anywhere you like.

3.Why do people enjoy rafting?

…exciting adventure?

…a good way to experience nature?

4.If you want a normal rafting, what should you do?

If you are looking for more excitement, …try whitewater rafting.

5.What should you think about if you want to go for a rafting?

…safety; …good clothes; …learn the basic skills of rafting; such as how to handle the raft, how to paddle and how to…

You should also know how to swim.

…wear a life jacket.

HIKING

1).What is hiking?

2).Why is hiking a kind of adventure travel?

3).Where can you go hiking?

RAFTING

1).What is rafting?

2).Where is rafting done?

3).Why is rafting a kind of adventure travel?

Step 3 Careful reading

Read the text again and fill in the below form

Safety tips for hiking:

1.tell someone your destination 2.Bring some necessities

3.Watch out for possible dangers 4.Take some protectors

Benefits of hiking

1.Fun and exciting 2.Get close to nature 3.Take exercise

Safety tips for rafting

1.Learn some basic rafting skills 2.Know how to swim

3.Wear good and strong clothes 4.Wear a life jacket

Benefits of rafting

1.Give excitement 2.Experience nature 3.Take adventure

Compare hiking and rafting.

Similarities: Both are examples of adventure travel.

*Both take place outdoors.

*Both are fun and exciting.

*Both make people get close to nature.

*Both have safety tips.

Difference:

Places: Hiking : In the mountains,in a forest,along a river,in a city

Rafting : On rivers and streams

Equipment: Hiking : good shoes, clothes,backpack map, water, sunscreen, cell phone, hat, etc.

Rafting: Boat,paddle,good clothes,lifejacket

Cost: Hiking : Inexpensive

Rafting: Somewhat expensive

Skills needed: Hiking: Good walking skills

Rafting :Good rafting and swimming skills

Possible dangers: Hiking: Getting lost,sunburn,poisonous animals or plants,hunger and thirst

Rafting: Hitting rocks, trees,falling into water

Step 4 POST-READING

Choose the correct answers.

1 Adventure travellers want to ______ A

A experience fun and excitement B meet new friends

C try new kinds of food D visit famous sites or beautiful places

2 Hiking is a kind of adventure travel because ______ B

A it is not expensive B it is exciting

C you need a lot of equipment for it D you will often put yourself in danger

3 While hiking or rafting, it is important to think about ______D

A cost B excitement C fun D safety

4 Before you go to rafting, you do not have to _____ D

A learn rafting skills B know how to swim C put on a life jacket D wear leather shoes

5 Which of the following is the most difficult? _____ C

A Normal rafting B Stream rafting C Whitewater rafting D Rock rafting

Unit 4

Teaching Aims：

1.Improve Ss’ reading ability

2.Learn how to organize ideas in a text using “First” “ Next ” “Then ” “Finally ”

3. Master some important words and expressions

Teaching Important Points:

Help ss to understand the passage better

Teaching Difficult points:

How to improve ss’reading ability

Teaching Methods:

1.Discussion to let Ss know something about natural disasters

2.Fast reading to get the general idea

3. Careful reading to help ss understand some detailed information

Teaching Aids:

1. a recorder 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Pre-reading

1.What natural disasters do you know? Flood drought typhoon earthquake volcano fire

2.Have you ever experienced a natural disaster?

Can you describe what it was like and how you feel?

Step 2 Fast reading:

1.What were Flora’s first two feelings when she turned around and saw the water coming?

She felt surprised and wondered/frightened

2.Why was Jeff looking for the chimney? Because chimney is the strongest part of the house and he thought it would stand in the flood

Step 3 Careful reading

1.Jeff was waving his arms___________. D

A.to ask flora to look around B.to make Flora think twice

C.to make Flora t hear a loud noise D.to warn Flora of the advancing water

2.Put the following things in right order. B

a.Flora turned around and saw Jeff waving his arms. b.Jeff dragged Flora toward the house.

c.Flora climbed the stairs. d.Flora started crying. e.Jeff opened the hall door.

f.Jeff seized Flora’s arm and told her to run.

g.Flora struggle in the water and managed to get on her feet

A.a,b,g,d,e,f,c B.a,f,b,g,e,c,d C.a,g,e,b,f,c,d D.a,e,c,f,b,g,d

In the garden

Flood: roar/a wall of water/swept down/swallow / wave/cold as ice/ flow

Reaction: Jeff: wave arms/seize/dragged ..towards /pull her up/hold onto a tree /

Flora: struggle / get on her feet / hold hands / fought for life / pull…up

Feelings: surprised / wondering/frightened

On the way to the house

Flood: go down / great roar / flowed around their legs

Reaction: Jeff: shouted / ran to the steps / opened the hall door

Flora: couldn’t move/ran / got to the steps

Feelings: anxious / frightened

Inside the house

Flood: water: wave/like a sea/swept past/wild/ cut down trees /deep / swept away

House: cracking noise /strange sounds/ moved / falling down

Tree: went down / cut down by water

Garden: completely destroyed/swept away

Reaction: Jeff: looked for the chimney

Flora: climbed the stairs / ran upstairs/ listened / started crying.

Feelings: scared / panic / anxious

Next to the chimney

Flood: house: noise/gone down/moved up and down

Chimney: stand like a tower

Reaction: Jeff: found the chimney / saved themselves

Flora:

Feelings: relieved

Step 4 Pairs work:

1.Find out the words and expressions that the writer used to describe the terrible flood.

She heard a loud noise,which……..

There she saw a wall of water……..

The next moment the first wave swept her…….

The water moved up like a sea.

Below,the water swept past the house……

A terrible noise went through the house.

2.Find out the words and expressions that the writer used to describe their struggle.

Step 5 Pro-reading

Work out what the underlined words refer to(指代)

1.Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grow to a terrible roar. A loud noise.

2.There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. Behind her

3.She wanted to watch it. A wall of water that was advancing towards her.

4.Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying. Flora’s.

5.For some moments both were silent. Jeff and Flora.

Step 6 Discussion

1.Who do you think is braver, Jeff or Flora? Why?

2. How can we rescue ourselves in a flood?

3. How will the disaster change

Jeff and Flora’s future life?

Step 7 Retell the story in your own words with your partner,

using the following words: First…… Next……. Then……. Finally……..

Unit 5

Teaching Aims：

1.Train Ss’reading ability

2.Learn the following words and phrases:

Creat, acript,academy, work on ,take off, cut…in pieces go wrong follow-up win over in the end

Teaching Important Points:

1.How to make Ss understand the reading text better

2.Learn and master the following phrases:

work on ,take off, cut…in pieces ,go wrong ,follow-up, win over, in the end ,owe to

Teaching Difficult points:

1. The differences between the following pairs of words or phrases:

2.be afraid of doing sth / be afraid to do sth ,high/highly

Teaching Methods:

1.Fast reading to get a general idea of the text

2.Question-and-answer activity to get the detailed information in the text

3. Explanation

Teaching Aids: 1. a recorder 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Meryl Streep

1.When and where was Meryl Streep born?

2.How did he begin to act in plays?

3.When did she began to act in her first film?

4. What about his family?

Keanu Reeves

1.When and where was Keanu Reeves born?

2.Where did Keanu Reeves grow up?

3.What about the time when he was young?

4. What did make him famous?

INTERVIEWING

Useful expressions

You studied/worked/acted at different…

First…and then… What did you do next?

Finally you found a job as … Later on…

What roles did you act? How long have you been working as…?

Four parts of the text

1.The first part (the first paragraph)

Steven Spielberg is a passionate about film from a very early age.

2.The second part (the second paragraph) –

He could not go to the Film Academy but later his career began to take off.

3.The third part (the next four paragraph) it is about several of Steven Spielberg’s successful films.

4.The forth part (the last paragraph) What Steven Spielberg has said and written.

Reading

Step 1 Lead-in

Do you know who is the director of the two film? Steven Spielberg

Talk about Spielberg.

Do you know the director ?

Do you know something about Spielberg?

Step 2 Read and fill in the chart.

Name Steven Spielberg

Age 57

Gender(性别) male

Year of birth 1946

Place of birth A small town in America

Name of his first film Firelight

Why are these years important for Spielberg?

1946--------- He was born in this year

1958--------- He made his first real film

1959--------- He won a prize for a short film

1962--------- He made a film called Firelight.

1975--------- He made a real blockbuster , Jaws

1982--------- He made another blockbuster, ET.

1993--------- He made the movie , Jurassic Park.

What are the movies about?

1. Jaws(1975) is about a big shark that attacks and eats swimmers.

2. ET(1982) is about a little creature that comes from outer space and wants to go home.

3. Jurassic Park(1993) is about an island where a very rich man keeps all kinds of dinosaurs.

4. Schindler’s List(1993) is about the cruelty of war/a German who saved thousands of Jewish people from being killed in the war.

5. Saving Private Ryan is also about the cruelty of war/an American captain who led his team to search for a soldier named Ryan.

Step 3 Read the text again and then summarize the main idea of each part

Three parts:

Part 1. (1-2) Talking about Spielberg’s earlier works and his live.

Part 2. (3-6) Talking about some of his films. Such as Jaws (1975), Jurassic Park (1993), Saving Private Ryan (1998) and so on.

Part 3. (7) Talking about Spielberg’s career and happy family.

Details for part 1

Childhood:

1946 born in a small town in American

1958 made his first real film

1959 won a prize for a short film

1962 Made his first film named FIRELIGHT

Youth Got a small job at a film and began his career

Details for part 2 & 3

Works: Jaws (1975) E. T. (1982) Jurassic Park(1993) Schindler’s List (1993)

Saving Private Ryan(1198)

Career: now is one of the top directors in the film industry

Family; met his wife when he was working and got married with her after seven years. Now they have seven children and live a very happy life.

Step 4 Ask and answer

1.Why did Spielberg study English instead of film?

Because his grades were not enough to go to the Film Academy.

2.why were people who saw the film Jaws afraid to swim in the sea?

Because they are afraid of the big shark in the sea

3.How important is his family to Spielberg’s career.

Spielberg says that he owes much of his career to his family.

4.What was Spielberg’s dream?

When he was young , his dream was to go to the Film Academy.

5.What is his wife’s name? Cate Capshaw ,a famous actress

6.What have you learnt from reading about Spielberg?

Working hard and believing in your dream will make your dreams come true.

Step 5 Multiple-choice:

1. How old is Steven Spielberg? ( A )

A 57 B 12 C 16 D 49

2. Why couldn’t Steven Spielberg go to the Film Academy as he wished? ( C )

A Because his family was too poor B Because he was too young to be accepted

C Because his grades were too poor D Because he hadn’t got enough experience

3. Which of the following are Steven’s war films? ( B )

A Fire&Jaws B Schindler’s List&Saving Private Ryan

C Jurassic Park&Schindler’s List D Jaws&Jurassic Park

4. This passage mainly tells about______ . ( A )

A Steven Spielberg’s life as a film director B Steven Spielberg’s life as an actor

C Steven Spielberg’s successful films D Steven Spielberg’s family life

Not One Less

Characters: Mr. Gao, Mr. Tian, Minzhi, Huike Some other pupils

Story: This film is about a 13-year-old girl, called Wei Minzhi, who takes care of the village school when the teacher, Mr. Gao, is away for a month. She has to make sure that all the students stay in the school. When one of them – Huike runs away to the city, she follows him and bring him back, together with the people from the TV station.

Comments: Many people like this film not only because the story itself is moving, but also because most of the people in the film use their real names and play themselves

Unit 6

Teaching Aims：

1.Learn some useful words and expressions

2.Train Ss’ reading ability

3. Get Ss to learn about table manners in western countries

Teaching Important Points:

1.Learn and master the folowing useful expressions:

Make a good impression, be close to a little bit ,start with ,keep silent ,ask for ,at table ,all the time ,drink to , too much

2.Help Ss understand the passage better

Teaching Difficult points:

How to help Ss understand the passage exactly ,especially the following sentences;

Teaching Methods:

1.Discussion to compare table manners in China with that in western countries

2.Fast reading and careful reading to understand the passage exactly

Teaching Aids: 1. a recorder 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Lead-in

Please tranlate this sentence “ Do in Rome as Romans do”into Chinese Today we are going to read a passage about table manners at a dinner party.

Read the text fast and silently, find the answer to the question,

“Which of the following can be found in the text?”

how to place those things./ how to lay the table

Chinese table manners

how some Chinese start eating

the order of dishes

how to cook western food

how to use a napkin

things to pay attention to at dinner table

Step 2 Fast reading

Read the text quickly and summarize the main idea of each part

Part1 (Para1) laying the table and good table manners

Part2 (Para2-5) the order of dishes and good table manners

Part3 (Para6) table manners changing over time and places

Step 3 Careful reading

Read Para.carefully and answer the questions.

1.what can be found on a Western dinner table? What about on a Chinese one?

Is laying the table for a dinner party in Western countries and in China the same?

2. How is the table laid in Western dinner party?

Things found on a Western dinner table

a small plate; a large plate; a napkin; a small basket with a roll of bread; a glass for red wine;

a glass for white wine; a glass for water; two pairs of knives and forks of different sizes; a soup spoon; a dessert spoon

Things found on a Chinese dinner table

a bowl; a Chinese spoon; a pair of chopsticks; a small ornament to rest the chopsticks on; a small tray with a damp cloth; a napkin; a small glass fot spirits, a glass for beer of soft drinks.

How is the table laid ? a small,bread roll,glasses,knivesForks, plate, two spoons, napkin )

How to use the napkin at a western dinner party?

You can take your napkin , unfold it and put it on your lap when you sit down at the table .

Step 4 Read Para2-5 carefully and answer the questions.

1.Please number the follow dishes be served at a dinner party with the right order.

dessert 4 drinks 5 main course 3 starter 1 soup 2

What are good table manners ?

Pray and keep silent for a moment .Then say

“enjoy your meal”to each other and start eating .

Keep the knife in your right hand and the fork

in your left .

Never ask for a second bowl of soup.

Use your fingers when eating chicken or other birds.

Finish eating everything on your plate .

Speak quietly and smile a lot .

Raise your glasses and take only a sip.

Step 5 Read Para6 carefully and answer the questions.

1. What will you do if you are not sure what to do? You can always follow your hosts.

2. Why is it difficult for people to follow good table manners?

Table manners change over Time and places.

Competition

1)You eat with little noise and movement. ( )

2)Use the napkin to wipe the silver or china. ( F )

3)Wait until all dishes are served. ( F )

4)Try every kind of new dish and appear to enjoy it. (F )

5)Bread is taken by a fork. ( F )

6)A soup spoon should be left on the table. ( F )

7)Do not put much food in your mouth at a time. ( )

8)Try not to get your lips greasy when drinking. ( )

9)Do not drop any food on the table cloth. ( )

10)Do not make any noise when you eat. ( )

11)Talk when there is food in your mouth. ( F )

Step 6 Discussion

A friend from Britain named Jack invites you to have a dinner at his home at 7:00 pm.

What will you do if you want to leave a good impression?

Arrive on time . Say thanks and goodbye Follow table manners Knowing the manners will help you make a good impression

Step 7 Summary

1.How do you use forks and knives at the table in Western countries ?

We keep the knife in our right hands and the fork in our left.

2. What table manners does the text tell about ?

How to lay the table How to use forks and knives etc. How to behave to the table.

How to eat. How to toast and drink

Step 8 Useful Expressions:

pay a visit to sb./sth.=Pay sb./sth. a visit 拜访某人/某地

2. make /leave a …impression on sb. 给某人留下……印象

3. be/sit at the table 坐在桌边 at table 在吃饭

be at table 正在吃饭 sit at table 入席,坐下吃饭

4. start with = begin with

5. drink to…=drink a toast to… 为……祝酒,为……干杯

drink (to) one’s health 为某人的健康干杯

e.g. Let’s drink to our friendship. We drank (to) each other’s health.

6. too much much too

e.g. I’m afraid I’ve put you too much trouble. I’m afraid the gift may be much too expensive.

Unit 7

Teaching Aims：

1. Master the following words and expressions:

Restore,replace,recreate, in ruins, under attack, give ,in pieces,bring…back to life ,come true

2.Learn the following sentence patterns:

It is true that…

3. Improve Ss’reading ability

4. Enable ss to be aware of the significance of protecting cultural relics

Teaching Important Points:

How to improve ss’reading ability

Teaching Difficult points:

1.How to grasp the main idea of a paragraph

2.How to help the Ss masterthe use of some useful words and expressions

3. How to enable the Ss to use the sentence patterns correctly.

Teaching Methods:

1. Discussion method to make the Ss understand what they’ve learned in class

2. Pair work or group work to get every student to take part in the teaching-and-learning activities

Teaching Aids:

1.a recoeder 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Study the title and guess

What is the difference between “A City of Heroes” and “Heroes of a City”?

“A City of Heroes” focuses on (着重;强调)a city, and there are many heroes; while “Heroes of a city” focuses on heroes, who live in a city.

Step 2 Read the text fast and answer:

What makes the city very great?

A. the people of the city. B. the location(位置)of the city. C. the cultural relics of the city.

Step 3 Read the passage again, and find the topic of each paragraph.

Para1: the building of the city.

Para2: the destroying of the city.

Para3: the rebuilding of the city

Para4: the present situation of the city.

Step 4 True or false(P46 Ex.2)

1.The city of St Petersburg was rebuilt by Peter the Great. F

2. The Germans attack St Petersburg a hundred years ago. F

3.A portrait of Peter the Great was destroyed by Germans.

4.It was difficult for the people to rebuild the palaces.

5.Workers and painters used old photographs to help them rebuild the city.

6. St Petersburg will never be as beautiful as it was before. F

Step 5 Answer the following questions:

1.Who built the city? When and where ? Peter the Great Three hundred years ago

2. Who wanted to destroy the city? When? The Germans. In 1941.

3. What damage did they do to the city?

They burned many of the palaces and St Petersburg was almost in ruins: building were destroyed, and paintings and statues lay in pieces on the ground.

4. How long did the attack last? What did the people of the city do?

900 days They never gave up; they tried their best to protect the city

5. After the attack, what did the people of the city do? They rebuilt the city.

6. Was it very hard to finish the work? How did they do it?

Yes. They did it with the help of old paintings and photographs.

Step 6 Read the text carefully and answer the questions of each Paragraph

Paragraph 1

1.By whom was St Petersburg built? The Russian Czar, Peter the Great.

Where and when was St Petersburg built?

In 1703,St Petersburg was built on the banks of the Neva River.

Paragraph 2

Why has the city become an important part of Russian culture and history?

St Petersburg has been the centre of many important events in history. The events is the reason.

Paragraph 3

What is the paragraph about?

Rebuilding the great city was difficult, but the people of St Petersburg succeeded

Paragraph 4

The people of St Petersburg are heroes of the city, why?

Why is the city a city of heroes? (多选题)

A: the events. B: the people of the city C: Czar peter D: the building

Step 7 Summary

St Petersburg:: was builded over 300 years ago on the bank of Nave River

Builder: Peter the Great

Destroyer: the Germans

Protectors: the people of the city

The people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia.

Peter the Great: 1. the Russian Czar 2. strong, proud, built a new capital city

3. Many new beautiful palaces like something out of a fairytale were built during his lifetime.

the Germans: 1. Tried to destroy the city in 1941 2. Burned many of the palaces as they left

3. St Petersburg was almost in ruins when they left.

the people of the city: 1. never gave in facing the attack by Germans for 900 days.

2. not gave up restoring the city and its cultural relics though it seemed impossible.

3. A lot of work was done on rebuilding the city and its culture though it was very difficul.

Unit 8

Teaching Aims：

1. Imporove the Ss’reading ability fast-reading and reading

2.Enable the Ss to master the new words and expressions , as well as the language points

3. Train the Ss to love and take an active part in the sports

Teaching Important Points:

1. How to improve the Ss’ reading ability

2.How to write a summary

Teaching Difficult points:

1.How to grasp the main idea of a paragraph

2.How to use some useful words and expressions

Teaching Methods:

1.Discussion method to make the Ss understand what they’ve learned better

2.Pair work or group work to get every Ss to take an active part in the teaching-and-learning activities

Teaching Aids:

1.a recorder 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Lead-in

What do the five rings stand for?” Europe Africa America Asia Oceania

1.What is the themes (主题)of the Olympic Games?

The themes of the Olympic Games is the international friendship and world peace.

2.Which team enters the main stadium first, and which team enters last?

The Greek team enters first and the team of the host country enters last.

3. Where is the torch lit? It is lit in Olympia, Greece

Step 2 Fast Reading

When and where were the first Olympic Games in modern times?

Step 4 True or False

1.Both the summer and winter Olympics are held every four years. T

2. The modern Olympic Games began around the year 776 BC.

3. In the old times both men and women were allowed to take part in the Olympics Games.

4. The 27th Olympics were held in Los Angeles.

5. In Barcelona the Chinese team won 16 medals.

6.The 28th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.

7、The first modern Olympic Games happened in the year 383 AD.( )

8、The Olympic Games were born in Greece.( T )

9、The 24th Summer Olympics were held in Barcelona in Spain.( )

10、Horse-riding is one of the unusual sports in the Olympic Games.( T )

Step 5 Careful Reading

Both the Summer and Winter Olympics are held every four years.

Time City

Atlanta

Sydney, Australia

(Winter Olympics) Salt Lake

Athens

Beijing

Step 6 Reading carefully and fill in the below form

Para2---4 Time Place Competitors Sports

the 1st old Olympics 776 BC Greece Olympia young men

women x (why?) (one item, one day)

the old Olympics running jumping wrestling….

393 AD stopped when Greece came under the rule of the Roman Empire (罗马帝国)

the 1st modern Olympics 1896 Greece Athens 311 (13 countries) many items

the 25th Summer Olympics 1992 Barcelona 8000 (150 countries) 250 (sailing,horse-

riding,shooting)

Step 7 Read Para5 and Listen to the tape

The Olympic motto : “Swifter, Higher, Stronger” “A nation(国家,民族)with a strong body

is the base(基础) upon which a society (社会) can be built into prosperity (繁荣) ”

Para 6: To hold the Olympic Games is a rich prize for a country.

Every country wants to be the sponsor(主办)of the Olympic Games. Why?

much richer ,stronger show national power(国力) famous

carry forward( 弘扬)the spirit of the Olympic Games

Step 8 Read the text again and Summary the main idea of each paragraph

What’s important Olympic events happened/will happen in the following years?

In 776BC: The ancient Olympic Games began

After about the year 393AD: the Olympic Games stopped.

In 1896: The first Olympic Games in modern times happened.

In 2000: The 27th Olympic Games was held in Sydney

In 2008: The 29th Olympic Games will will be held in Beijing

Summary the main idea of each paragraph

The 1st: The Olympic Games are held every four years.

The 2nd: Something about the old Olympic Games.

The 3rd: Something about the Olympics in modern times and the 27th Olympic Games.

The 4th: The Olympic motto and something about the track star: Carl Lewis and the Chinese team in Sydney Olympics.

The 5th: Beijing will host and is making preparations for the 29th Olympic Games.

Step 9 Discussion:

The 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008. What shall we Chinese do for the city? What will Beijing look like at that time?

Integrating skills

Fast reading:

Q1. What does Yao Ming do?

Q2. Why is he so famous?

Detail Reading:

Name : Yao Ming Sex : male Nationality: Chinese

Birthplace: Shanghai, China Date of birth: Sept.12.1980 Weight: 134Kg Height: 2.26m

Job: basketball player Position: centre Club: the Houston Rockets

His parents’ job: famous basketball players

His interest as a young boy: learn to play the world’s most popular games

Unit 9

Teaching Aims：

1. Train the Ss’reading ability

2.Learn and master the following words and phrases

Teenager, press, function ,image ,feature, throughout the world ,more than,add…to, remind sb.about sth,obey the rules,stay in touch with,in case of, at least,according to

Teaching Important Points:

1.Learn and master the following phrases

throughout the world ,more than,add…to, remind sb.about sth,obey the rules,stay in touch with,in case of, at least,according to

2.How to make the Ss understand the text better

Teaching Difficult points:

1.Master the difference between the following phrases: no matter wh-/wh-ever ,in case of/ in case

2.Understand the following sentences

(1) Having a cell phone also makes us feel safer , since we can for help in case of an emergency

(2) Wang Mei is one of many Chinese teenagers who live life on the go and use cell phones

Teaching Methods:

1.Discussion to arouse the Ss’interest in the text

2. Fast reading to let the Ss get the general idea of the text

3. Question-and-answer activity to let the Ss get the detailed information in the text

4. Making sentences to have the Ss master some language points

Teaching Aids:

1. a recorder 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Lead-in

(Show a mobile phone to the students) Answer the following questions

1.Have you ever used a cell phone? Do any of your classmates have cell phones?

Step 2 Read the passage again ,and try to find the main idea of each paragraph

1.Wang Mei is an example of Chinese teenagers who have cell phones.

2.Cell phones can be used for many things.

3.Cell phones also cause problems

4.There are several reasons why teenager like cell phones

5.Wang Mei explains why she likes her cell phone and what she used if for.

Paragraph 1 Enjoy the life on the go

Paragraph 2 New functions are being added

Paragraph 3 Cellphones can not be used in school.

Paragraph 4 Several reasons why teenagers like cellphones.

Paragraph 5 We enjoy the life with cellphones.

The main idea

It discusses the increasing popularity of cellphone in Chinese society. Cellphones are everywhere and have positive and negative effects on our life.

Step 3 Look at the outline of paragraph 2,3 and 4 and try to fill in the blanks

2.Cell phones can be used for many things.

For example: Cell phones are used as cameras, Radios and electronic calendars, and to send E-mail,surf the Internet,play games and enjoy music.

Step 4 Answer the following questions:

1.What does the title “Life on the go” mean?

It means the high pace of modern life and to the fact that portable devices, like cellphones and laptops, are becoming popular.

2. Why do some schools not let students use cellphones?

Cellphones can distract students in class; cellphones may make students spend more time talking on the phone than doing homework

3. Why do teenagers like cellphones so much?

Safety and the cool factor; the desire to be liked by others.etc.

4.Wang Mei says that cellphones are the most useful? Why?

Step 5 Read the text once again, fill in the blanks below:

1. Tell us some functions of cellphones:

Talking to people

Sending messages and images(pictures)

Playing games

Taking photos

Listening to radios and music

Sending e-mail or surfing the Internet

Reminding you about appointments

(3G cellphone)talking to people face to face

2.Cellphones may cause problems,such as:

In school,cellphones may disturb lessons.

Students may spend too much time and money on phone calls.

3. Teenagers like cellphones because …

1. Cellphones help us stay in touch with friends and family.

2. They can call for help in case of an emergency.

3. They think the cellphone is a way to have fun and be cool.

Step 6 Read through the text and tell if the following statements are true or false:

Wang Mei will be back home 10 minutes later. T

We may talk to anyone who also has a cell phone in his pocket. T

Now cell phones can be used as cameras, but not to send email or surf the internet.

Some important days can be reminded about by the earliest cell phones.

Some students disobey the rules and using their phones in the classroom.

John’s parents gave him a cell phone as a Christmas gift, but don’t let him use it in school

Wand Mei calls her best friend at least once a day. T

Unit 10

Teaching Aims：

1. Do some reading to improve the Ss’ reading ability

2.Help the Ss to know that we mustdo what we can to protect the animals and plants around us

3.Learn some useful words and expressions

Teaching Important Points:

1. Improve the Ss’ reading ability

2.Master the use of some important words and expressions

Teaching Difficult points:

How to help the Ss improve their reading ability and help them to know the importance of environmental protection

Teaching Methods:

1. Fast reading and careful reading to get the general idea and detailed information of the passage

2. Discussion and explanation to help the students understand the passage better

3. Listening and reading to improve the Ss’ pronunciation

4.Pairwork and individual work to make every student work in class

Teaching Aids:

1. a recorder 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Listening

What kind of pollution is it? air pollution

What are the causes? Causes: cars, factories, burning coal and oil

What are the effects? Effect: Human beings and animals can not breathe fresh air any more and may be poisoned.

water pollution

Causes: factories and drainage

Effect: Dead fish everywhere. We can not use and drink the water.

waste pollution

Causes: tourists

Effect: The world around us will be ugly, dirty. We will have a really bad environment.

Step 2 Scanning ( T or F )

1.Human beings always do as they say.

2.It’s late for us to take measures to keep animals and plants from dying out.

3.A species may die out if humans or other animals use too much of a plant or kill too many animals.T

4.Planting a tree is a way to create more space for animals.T

5. We often take good care of ourselves and planet .

6.Since many living things have already died out,we must do something to protect other living things.T

7.Plants and animals will be endangered when they can’t adapt to the change of their habitat.T

8.Plants or animals don’t have to change when a new species comes.

Step 3 Intensive reading

1.Why do animals & plants become endangered?

2.What can we do to protect animals & plants that are being endangered?

Main reasons:

Destruction of human beings.

Introduction of a new species.

Overuse of a plant and over-hunt for animals.

Lack of food.

Pollution.

Main idea of the text.

It’s about why a species becomes endangered and what we can do to protect plants & animals from becoming endangered.

Para 1. Many animals and plants have died out and some others are in danger

Para 2. Why do animals and plants become endangered?

Para.3. What can we do to keep animals and plants from being endangered?

Step 4 Listen to Para 1, answer questions:

1. Who is Steve Jones?

2. What does an environmental expert do?

3. Why should we take care of the planet and ourselves?

Listen to Para2, answer questions:

1. Can you explain what the habitat is like?

2. What will happen if the habitat is changed?

3. Why do some original species become endangered if a new species arrives?

Listen to Para 3, answer questions

1. What can we do to protect the animals and the environment?

2. Is it possible that people would be endangered?

Why do animals and plants become endangered?

Habitats are changed

New species arrive

Resources are overused

Animals are are over killed

Environment is polluted

1. Why is it important to make sure that animals do not die out?

If animals die out, our ecosystems will be destroyed and we human beings will die out, too

2.What can we do to help endangered animals?

We can stop people cutting too many trees, killing animals and polluting rivers. We can tell people to protect from now on.

Step 5 Choose the best answers

1.Steve Jones talks to the group ______. B

A. in a lecture hall of a university B. when he ‘s showing them around a park

C. In a zoo in Birmingham D. In a green park in London

2. The environment in which certain animals or plants are used to living is known as their ______. D

A. land B.species C. Park D. habitat

3. How many reasons does Steve Jones list to show how a species become endangered? A

A.3 B.2 C. 4 D.1

4. In what way nature seems to be cleverer than human beings? A

A. it does not drink. B. it always stays calm. C. it is a better recycler D. it never makes mistakes

5. What does “reduce” means? C

A. we must reduce the amount of food we eat. B. we must smoke less.

C. we must throw away less rubbish. D. we must control the world’s population

6. Which of the following is a way of “respond”?B

A Reply when asked a question B Show others how to protect the environment.

C try not to use harmful things. D Repair things and use them longer.

7. Which can be used as another title for passage 1? C

A. a lecture on the Tour B. Steve Jones

C. The Green park on Birmingham D. Action speak louder than words

8. Which is the best title for passage 2? C

A. Ecosystems B.Air , water and Energy

C.Four ways to care about nature D.Reduce the amount rubbish

Step 6 Discussion:

Think of things you could do to protect the environment. Write a list like Jennifer

Unit 11

Teaching Aims：

1.Train the Ss’ reading ability

2.Improve the Ss’communicating ability

3. Let the Ss know about the different styles of music in the world

Teaching Important Points:

1.Learn and master the following words and phrases

On the radio,in common, combine,variety

2. Improve the Ss’ reading ability and help the Ss understand the passage exactly

Teaching Difficult points:

How to help the Ss further understand the passage and finish the relevant tasks correctly

Teaching Methods:

1.Fast reading and careful reading to train the Ss’reading ability and understand the passage better

2.Discussion to improve the Ss’ability to communicate with each other

Teaching Aids:

1. a recorder 2.the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Skimming

What is the passage about ? It’s a brief look at some of the exciting musical styles from around the world.

Step 2 Read the passage quickly and answer the following questions

1.How many styles of music does the author write about ? What are they?

Six They are blues, jazz, rock, hip-hop, rap, Latin music

2.Why does the author write this passage?

Because he wants to introduce some of the exciting music styles from around the world.

Step 3 Fast reading

3.Who are the two stars of Latin music mentioned in the passage?

Santana and Ricky Martin.

Step 4 Scanning

Read the passage slowly to get some details and then do the following :

I True or False questions and correcting the error

1.( ) There are only a few styles of music in the world.

2.( ) Blues is a new style of music.

3. ( ) Hip-hop and rap are completely different from blues and rock.

4. ( T ) Santana is a well-known Latin music artist.

5. ( ) Rappers sing the words to their music.

6. ( T ) There are many Spanish-speaking people in both North and South America.

Step 5 Intensive reading

kind Where is it from? Where is it popular?What are their characteristics?Famous singers/stars

Blues African songs US A way for…

Jazz Blues music US

Rock Blues music US

Hip- hop US fast/slow, combine

Rap US speak/“rap”

Latin music South/Latin America US/Spanish-speaking countries SantanaRicky Martin

Step 6 Choose the best answer

1. From Paragraph1 we can infer that___. A

A.There are many more kinds of music all over the world than we can hear on the radio or on TV.

B.There are not many kinds of music all over the world.

c.It is probable that few people like pop music.

D.Most of us probably have our favorite performers,stars or bands

2 .What is the most important characteristic of rap music?____ B

A.It combines other styles of music. B.The way it is sung is very special.

C.It can be fast or slow. D.It has something in common with blues and rock.

3.What do we know about Ricky Martin from the text?_______ D

A.He is popular in Spanish-speaking countries.

B.He is an American but speaks Spanish.

C.He is a rap singer.

D.He is not only well-known in Spanish-speaking countries but all over the world.

4.Where do you think Latin Music will be very much liked according to the text?______ B

A.Where there are many young people.

B.Where there are many Spanish-speaking people live.

C.Where there are many English-speaking people.

D.Where many Africans live.

5. Blues music comes from ________ . C

A. Latin America B. North America C. Africa D. Spain

6. The blues was brought to the US by _______ . B

A. African singers B. African artists C. African Musicians D. African slaves

7. The word “rap” in Paragraph 3 means “_______” . C

A. to sing and dance along with the beat. B. to peak the song words and dance along with the beat.

C. to sing and rap along with the beat. D. to speak the song words and rap along with the beat.

8. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? D

A.Jazz, rock ,hip - hop , rap and Latin music are new musical styles.

B.Now blues is not popular in the US any more.

C.Hip - hop , rap and Latin music are very popular in the US.

D.Hip - hop and rap are completely the same as blues and rock.

9. In the US, where there are many Spanish – speaking , Latin music is a big part of the culture. The culture here refers to ______. B

A.African culture B. Spanish-speaking people’s culture C. Latin culture D. Spanish culture

Step 7 Post-reading

Listen to the tape and then have a discussion of the following questions:

1.Where does blues music come from?

Blues music came from Africa music that was brought to the United States by slaves.

2. What does the word “rap” mean?

To rap is to speak the words of a song along with the beat.

3. Why is Latin music so popular in the Us? Is it popular in China?

Latin music is popular in America partly because of the fact that the US has a large Spanish-speaking population, but also because of the success of such artists as Santana and Ricky Martin. No, it is not very popular in China.

4. What have you learned from the passage?

Different styles of music make the world more colorful.

Step 8 Find out the topic sentence of each paragraph.

Paragraph1: There is a world of music out there.

Paragraph2 Blues music has a long history

Paragraph3: Today’s American music culture contains many different styles.

Paragraph4: Latin music has spread all over the world

Paragraph5 There is a wide variety of new music to be discovered in every corner of the world.

Unit 12

Teaching Aims：

1.Train the Ss’reading ability

2. Learn and master the following phrases

In trouble, come across, fight against, succeed , share ,believe in

Teaching Important Points:

1. Let the Ss understand the text better

2. Tell the differences among the following phrases

Used to do/be used to do/ be used to doing

Teaching Difficult points:

1. Master the following sentence patterns

(1) make sb./sth +adj.

(2) It is +adj.+to do sth

2.Master sentence pattern

Teaching Methods:

1. Question-and-answer activity to help the students to go through with the whole passage

2. Careful reading to find out the detailed information about the passage

3.Pair work or group work to make every student work in class

Teaching Aids:

1.a recorder 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Lead-in

Have you seen the film”Harry Potter”? Can you tell us something about the film?

Step 2 Fast reading

Write the letter “T” if the sentence is true. Write “F” if the sentence is false, and then give the right information

1 ( ) Harry Potter is a world-famous writer.

2 ( T ) Harry is a boy with a scar on his forehead.

3 ( ) Harry is very happy before he goes to Hogwarts.

4 ( ) Harry goes to an ordianry school.

5 ( T ) Harry learns a lot about the real world at Hogwarts.

6 ( ) Rowling’s books are about magic and strange creatures, they don’t tell us something about the real world.

Step 3 Read the text again and summary the main idea of each paragraph

Para.1 It is a world of magic and wonders, a world where anything can happen

Para.2 Harry seems like a normal boy , but his life is miserable

Para.3 Hogwarts is an unusual school

Para.4 Harry has to fight against bad wizards and do the right thing

Step 4 Find out the key word of each paragraph as fast as you can. (team match)

JK Rowling , the author of the book and her books

Harry Potter, the hero in the books

Hogwarts , the place where the story happens

Harry’s feeling , which readers share

Step 5 Answer the following questions

1.Why is Harry Potter’s life miserable before he goes to Hogwarts?

Because his parents are dead and the family which he is living with treats him badly.

2.What does Harry learn about himself at Hogwarts?

At Hogwarts, Harry learns the truth about his past, a dark secret that will make his life and his choices more difficult.

3.Why does Rowling use strange creatures in her books?

Rowling uses strange creatures in her books to add to the magic effect of the story.

2.初中英语全套教案 篇二

从新中国成立起，党和国家在最短时间内彻底荡除了卖淫、吸毒等旧社会的污泥浊水。随着改革开放的窗户打开，一些已经在国内绝迹的病毒苍蝇又飞了进来，诸如性病、毒品等死灰复燃。在防治性病、艾滋病中，安全套才大摇大摆地走进人们的视野。

如今，安全套在超市、商场、娱乐场所随处可见，甚至走进了中学生的书包，安全套从黑暗角落走到了阳光下，一管窥豹，从中可见证30年人们思想、生活的改变，倾听到时代前进的足音……

30年间得与失

说起安全套，最早可追溯到西元1000多年前的古代埃及，当时的人们用山羊、猪的盲肠或膀胱来做安全套以防范性病;在法国康普利，人们发现了古老洞穴里的一组壁画。壁画反映了当时人们使用安全套的情况，这也就成为了欧陆最早使用安全套的证据。在15世纪，人们又发现了第一个记录安全套使用的文件。意大利人卡布利让1000多个试验者使用了亚麻织成的安全套，他们在安全套的保护下都没有感染上梅毒。

而在我国，安全套的使用首先被认为是用于避孕的，而并不是用于防止性病。新中国成立后就陆续采取一系列措施来消灭梅毒及其他性病：封闭妓院、免费为妓女诊治性病、禁止卖淫、对梅毒普查普治。至1964年，中央政府宣布已经完全消除了性病。

此时安全套并没有走进人们的视线：1949年前，我国不能生产安全套，只能依靠进口，昂贵的价格使安全套不能成为普通人可以接触到的物品。直到1954年第一届全国人大提出要开展计划生育后，第二年我国在广州筹建了安全套生产厂;随后，1962年党中央确定避孕套药具免税，1965年天津引进安全套生产线，开始了机械化生产;1972年，在毛泽东主席倡议、周恩来总理亲自批示下，我国实行了避孕药具向育龄夫妇免费供应;1981年，中央书记处提出“要用最好的工厂、最好的原料，生产出最好的产品”作为计划生育国策产品，安全套的产品质量从此揭开了新的篇章。作为一种有效的避孕工具，安全套渐渐成为了国人生活的一部分。

政府最初成功消除性病的胜利，并没有能够阻止它们在20年后卷土重来。对外开放政策的实施在有力推动我国现代化建设的同时，艾滋病也随之侵入。1985年北京协和医院发现了我国首例艾滋病病人，此人是美籍阿根廷人，前来中国旅游。从1985年到1988年，艾滋病感染者和病人多数是境外旅游人员。但没多过久，国内就发现了4例艾滋病患者，他们因使用进口血液制品而感染。1989年，云南首次报告吸毒人员感染艾滋病毒，146例患者在当时的我国是一件标志性事件，它标志着拥有可怕传染速度的艾滋病病毒在中国已经有了本土化的传播，安全套的另一项作用——防止性病也逐渐为人重视起来。

1995年河南农村大批卖血者集体感染艾滋病毒，母婴传播也首次被发现。此后，母婴传播的比例逐年增长。据有关部门调查，我国农村居民的艾滋病相关知识水平普遍低于城市和小城镇居民，对于艾滋病和艾滋病病人的歧视与恐惧心理更强，安全套使用率更低，获取艾滋病相关知识的欲求更低。这些现状都决定了艾滋病防治工作与安全套的普及在农村将比在城镇更加紧迫，也更加艰巨。

从1989年到1998年，艾滋病在全国31个省市自治区陆续被查出。至今，艾滋病用了23年的时间在我国经历了由传入、扩散到快速增长的过程。到2007年8月底，我国31个省市自治区发现并报告出来的感染者和病人累计超过了21万。

出于传统观念的影响，此时安全套虽已广泛为人们认识，但仍不能光明正大地出现在公众场合。1998年10月，“杰士邦”以“无忧无虑的爱”，在广州80辆公共汽车上亮出我国首条安全套广告，但33天后就被撤下。次年11月，中央电视台播出了一则宣传安全套预防艾滋病的广告，只一天便被停播。直到2003年11月此类广告才得以登堂入室。

而由安全套引发的争议才刚刚开始。1997年8月，安全套自动售货机进入清华校园引发争议不断，在大学校园里，安全套一边以性教育代言者的身份进入，一边又因有提倡大学生性行为的嫌疑而在敏感的气氛中变得扑朔迷离。

2002年，安全套在各大媒体的出现频率暴涨，自动售货机走上街头、随刊附送、广告解禁，每一步的变化都预示着人们对两性行为的态度已经越来越宽容，而安全套的科学、卫生形象也逐渐得到认可。然而，促进安全套平稳进入中国百姓家的却是一个让人心痛的事实。2002年我国的艾滋病病毒感染总人数已经成为世界上艾滋病感染率增长最快的国家之一，艾滋病正从高危人群向普通人群迅速蔓延。此时，“娱乐场所100%使用安全套”的决定在重重阻力下悄然展开，这已表明政府采取的措施，在这场生命与传统道德的冲突中，更多了一份人性的理解和对生命本身的关爱。

安全套在中国艰难推广的30年间，老百姓的伦理观念和两性态度发生了巨大的变化。婚姻关系危机四伏、性与道德背道而驰、未成年人偷吃“禁果”等等一系列社会问题似乎都与这层薄薄的乳胶制品有着千丝万缕的关系，安全套防止疾病与避孕的善良动机和美好初衷再一次在这层压力下备受争议，“防艾”知识在安全套有效避孕的功能下越来越被人们忽视，角色易位的尴尬被凸显出来。

90后与安全套

在人们悄然不觉的情况下，安全套已经走进了低龄群体——“90后”以下人群，或许对这些孩子来说，某种程度上，这个象征着两性关系的物件，是他们标榜个性和超前的标志。

在北京西单77街地下三层的嬉皮哥哥安全套专卖店里，安全套并没有以平常的形象出现，“绿箭口香糖”、手机吊饰、耳坠、记录本等等全都是安全套的变身，各式各样的包装使安全套更像是玩具和饰品。据这家店员介绍，购买者多是80后和90后的年轻人，色彩艳丽、创意新颖的安全套饰品在众多年轻顾客群中反应非常好。

记者发现一些穿着校服的中学生也在其中，那一张张稚嫩的面孔和鲜亮的校服似乎在提醒着周围的人群, 他们来购物的对象是与他们年龄并不搭调的安全套。“这是一种时尚, 它可以提供安全和快乐。”一位穿着校服的女孩的回答让人惊诧。

买这个的用途是什么，当记者问两个穿着校服正在选购安全套的女孩时，她们笑嘻嘻地回答：“给人过生日，当礼物啊!”而据了解，中学校园里过生日送安全套已经成为流行时尚，“表里不一”的安全套饰品乍看像一件普通的饰品或玩具，仔细观察你就会发现其中暗藏的玄机——原来花哨的外壳里面还镶嵌着一枚安全套。

如此形色各异的安全套也许从另一个角度说明，安全套已不再神秘，而成为人们生活中再普通不过的日常用品。但此前不久，网络上一条90后流行在网上晒书包的事件却让大人们惊出一身冷汗：书包中被晒出的东西除了书本和文具以外，最让人瞠目结舌的就是一些中学男生的书包里出现了安全套。“头发爆米花、衣服皱巴巴、裤裆挨泥巴、安全套往耳朵上挂”似乎已经成为90后审美观的独特代言。

“性没有什么大不了的，过去，我们之所以忌讳，是因为在我们成长的过程中，受到的性教育是空白与尴尬。甚至一提到性就无所适从，其实性与食、睡眠等都是动物的必需，只不过人赋予了其思想性。今天的90后把安全套装在书包里，从另一个角度说明，性对他们来说是正常的生理现象，还有重要的一点，就是说明他们性心态端正。”一网友对“90后晒书包事件”发表了自己的见解。

与其堵还不如疏

今年11月广州性文化节度过了她第6个生日，今年的创新与突破是“性教育进中学大学”，可以看出在此次文化节上性教育的对象发生了年龄上的偏移，低龄化的中学生成了全新的性教育普及群体。自2007年性文化节走进中学校园活动后，专家们让很多家长了解到中学生所面对的“困惑”是值得大家高度重视和关心的。

现代社会存在着多伴侣和娱乐场所藏污纳垢等现象都难以得到彻底的取缔和治理。无性婚姻、婚外情、未成年人性行为已经逐渐转化为社会的不安因素，避免疾病和关爱生命成了当务之急，众多专家奔走相告：对于未成年人的性教育“与其堵还不如疏”。而安全套成为其中必不可少的因素也颇受争议。

我国在艾滋病防治上一直做着不懈的努力，2000年，我国政府向世界郑重承诺：2010年将中国的艾滋病感染人数控制在150万，2015年彻底阻断并逆转HIV病毒在中国的蔓延。从数字上看，2000年卫生部统计艾滋病感染者人数是84万，而2005年卫生部全国筛查结果为65万，截止到2007年官方公布数字最终显示为70万。

12月1日是世界艾滋病日，为了提高人们对于艾滋病危害的认识和预防艾滋病的传播，世界卫生组织于1988年1月确定每年的这个日子为世界艾滋病日。今年世界艾滋病日的主题为“全民动员”，这一主题将通过世界艾滋病日运动的口号“遏制艾滋，履行承诺”加以推广。

我国首位“预防艾滋病宣传员”濮存昕在宣传防艾的过程中，大方讲述了自己曾给女儿买安全套的故事。濮存昕的女儿一直在美国读书，25岁的她也交了男朋友，在女儿离家前濮存昕将一盒安全套放进了女儿的行李箱，他觉得一位父亲有责任让女儿了解这些性知识。

3.初中英语教学语法教案研究 篇三

关键词：初中英语 语法 教案

中图分类号：G420 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-9795（2012）11（c）-0046-01

教案的科学编写，有利于教师良好的开展实践教学，做足充分的前期准备，依据教学内容作出合理规划安排，并提升教学效果。可以说教案的优化设计反应了教师对教学内容的深刻理解程度。同传统初中英语教材进行比较，不难看出，牛津版英语教材体现出了教学内容的新颖、生动特征，引入了较多贴近生活的教学实例，令教材内容更能吸引学生注意力、激发英语学习兴趣。因此教材的创新设计更给初中英语教师的教案规划提出了全新的挑战与更高的要求。初中教师，如何基于牛津版初中英语教材的优势特征、核心内涵，进行科学的语法教学、教案设计，正是本文主力探讨的重要内容。

1　初中英语牛津版教材语法教学研究

1.1　教材分布及语法项目分析

初中英语牛津版教材在设计选材教学内容上，更注重体现时代特色并贴近日常生活，为了实现与小学教学内容的有效搭接、畅通联系，在语法教学内容设计中进行了系统研究，并作出了一些创新尝试。首先，其体现了具有一定差异的语法体系，这样一来，令教师在设计教案进程中增加了一定难度，有些教师会产生盲从之感。因此，为优化教学效果，初中英语教师应对牛津版教材语法教学内容进行进一步的探究分析，进而明晰教学思路，构筑良好的教学主线。在语法项目的编辑中，牛津版教材引入了间接引语。这些内容在小学教材的高年级语法教学内容中有所体现，只是需要掌握的深度有限。因此，初中英语教师，应对小学教学进程中的知识要点进行深刻理解，进而便于在初中英语语法教学过程中进行良好的衔接，赢取主动性，快速掌握教学难点、明确重点，并优化教学效果。

1.2　语法内容与实践教学方式分析

牛津版初中英语教材在语法时态内容上，同其他教材并无显著区别，仅仅是进行时与现在时呈现的顺序存在差异，同时教材之中并没有涉及到过去将来时的相关内容。现在进行时与一般现在时的语法内容，学生在小学学习中便有所涉及，因此，出现的不同顺序并没有对学生的学习实践造成显著影响。在教学中所要注意的是，对动词与助动词形式进行良好的分析辨别，以免形成不良混淆。例如如何有效区分is、are，does、do，以及cook、cooking等形式。在进行过去完成时语法内容的实践教学中，则可适时引入过去将来时，令学生充分熟悉、合理掌握。在语态内容上，牛津版初中英语教材安排的阶段较早，给学生的综合理解增加了一定难度。同时由于学习了基本语法时态，令学生掌握了时态知识运用技巧，并理解了助动词的实际运用，因此，对被动语态的掌握学习形成了良好的辅助作用。能否学好被动语态，密切相关于学生的语感能力。在阅读句子中，主语倘若属于执行的被动动作时，则需运用被动语态语法，因此，在日常教学中，应引导学生强化语感训练，掌握语感能力，进而正确的运用被动语态，确保句子表述的科学准确。语法词汇教学阶段中，在总结数词阶段，可先进行序数词教学，令学生针对容易出现误拼写的序数词进行反复练习，对于介词以及冠词可进行全过程学习。可由固定与习惯用法进行冠词训练，并由具体的顺序、走向、位置、时间进行介词学习。小学阶段中便接触过的介词，因此，可进行人称与物主的统筹学习即可。可在适宜单元内容中进行不定代词的学习。名词复数、单数形式在初中阶段是一种巩固训练，可丰富不可数名词的相关学习，并基于物主代词进行各类名词所有格内容的科学培训。名词语法教学中的难点环节在于动词数与名词相同，为令学生巩固掌握，可进行语感培训。对于牛津版初中英语教材较少涉及的动词内容，应适当的予以扩充丰富，帮助学生总结分析、汇总归纳。be动词的形式较多，对其进行巩固学习，有利于辅助实意动词的掌握，并科学应用助动词。对于应用频繁的情态动词，可进行分散训练、而后集中学习的方式，进行预先讲解。对于难点学习环节非谓语，教师可进行教材内容的判断，当有较多动词不定式、非谓语的应用时，再进行剖析总结。

2　初中英语教学语法教案实践策略

2.1　初中英语语法教案应科学呈现实践反思

英语语法教案设计阶段中，教师应自主进行教学实践的良好反思，进而令实践教学水平有效提升。完成每一节课程或学期末阶段，教师可依据实践教学具体过程进行有针对性、有意识的总结、研究、反思、探索，进而不断的丰富资料汇总，进行经验总结。可在每节课程完成后的教案中进行阶段反思的记录、标注，并对原始教案内容进行丰富的充实与有效的修正，并更新优化后续的教学实践，令教学效果更突出，全面提升教学效率。

2.2　明确针对性，优化教案设计

设计编制初中英语语法教学教案阶段中，应首先对学生做足充分的观察了解，在备课阶段中应做到胸有成竹，明晰学生实践能力、认知状况、个性特征、不同需求，进而由最近发展区贴近学生进行教案优化设计。一个成功的教案应科学突出针对性，良好的符合教学目标，并实施层次性、综合性、不同梯度的方案规划设计，开展选择性培训教育。因此，语法教学实践设计阶段中，教师应依据学生个性化需求，开展有针对性的教案规划、内容安排设计，进而满足不同层次学生特征、契合其心理需求，令其发挥长处、弥补弱項，学有所用，提升兴趣，互相交流，并实现平衡、良好的科学发展，全面优化实践教学质量。

2.3　深入设计，体现创新性

初中英语语法教学教案的优化设计，应体现良好的深刻性，教师可通过对教学内容的深刻分析、系统思考，进而明晰不同知识点、训练环节的良好衔接与内在联系。通过现象探析教学内容的内在，并作出教学进程的合理规划安排。为此，教师应树立良好的心态，明晰学生存在的不同心理特征。当前，初中生正处于心理年龄成长阶段，其具有广泛的兴趣爱好，体现了对充满趣味性问题的强烈探究心理与求知欲望。同时其想象力丰富，观察问题的视角复杂多样，可能提出各类问题。因此，教师应依据初中学生该类现实特征，进行牛津版教材的科学考察分析，进行语法教案的深度探究设计，并确保教案安排的创新独特。应通过良好的教案规划体现牛津版教材的内容丰富优势、契合初中学生心理特征需求。同时，应引入更多贴近生活的实力至实践教材中，进一步丰富教学内容。可针对牛津版教材专题学习内容丰富的特征实施任务教学、问题教学，组织团队学习，在教案中设计小组竞技教学活动内容，摒弃传统灌输式教育模式，进而创造独特的教学风格，充分提升学生学习兴趣。可通过教案与牛津版教材内容的有效融合、互相扶助，真正提升教学水平，优化教学效果。

3　结语

总之，基于初中英语牛津版教材内涵特征，在语法实践教学中，我们只有进行教学内容的综合分析，制定科学有效的实践教学策略，优化教学教案设计规划，才能真正提升教学水平，激发牛津版教材优势价值，满足学生个性化需求，令其掌握综合语法学习能力，并实现全面发展。

参考文献

[1]施咏梅.也谈初中英语的有效教学设计[J].中学课程辅导（江苏教师），2011（12）.

4.初中英语全套教案 篇四

Step 1 warming up

Activity 1 talking about some signs used everyday

T: Most of you have been to many places whether big or small , far or near , and I’m sure you must have seen many signs . Now I’d like you to see some signs used everyday , and tell me what they represent , ok ?

Ss: Ok .

(show the signs on the screen)

T: What does Sign1 mean ?

Ss: Be quiet

T:Where do you usually see it ?

Ss: bus / railway station

T: what about sign 2 (sign2/3/4…the same as above)

Activity 2 : talking about the pictures on Page 15

T: turn to page 15 and have a look at the pictures ,I’ll give you two minutes to discuss with your partner and see whether they are doing wrong and write your answers on the line .there is already an example in picture 1, the man is driving too fast , he should drive at the speed of 30 km an hour , but he is driving at 60 km per hour .

(2 minutes later)

T: S5, is she doing anything wrong in picture 2?

S5: Yes

T: What’s that ?

S5: She is littering

T: Why?

S5: Because there is a sign in the tree saying Don’t litter/No littering.

(picture 3 and 4 the same as above)

T : Very good , Whenever you go on a trip , we shouldn’t do what we aren’t allowed to do , is that clear ?

Ss : Yes

step 2 an open discussion

T: How do you usually go to school? Or what kind of means of transportation do you take to go to school ?

( Bb : means of transportation : a means of carrying people or goods from one place to another)

Ss: By bus / by bike

T: Why ?

Ss: Because it’s not far.

( Bb : by bus –not far - distance)

T: Does anybody of you live in Dongtou Island?

Ss: No

T: Then suppose you live in Dongtou Island , and now it’s the weekend , how are you going home ?

Ss: By ship

T : why ?

Ss : because there is a lot of water around it .

( Bb : by ship-water - location)

T: suddenly the typhoon comes , how are you going home ?

Ss: By bus

T: So the weather is very important . Ok , what you said is reasonable

T: so from the above we can have a conclusion : before we decide which means of transportation we have to consider many things , now comes the question : what have we to consider ? ( an open question)

Ss: weather , time , distance, location …

( Bb : consider : think about , follow by sth ./doing sth /wh-to do sth /clause)

( show the map of PRC)

T : look at the third part of warming up , there are 4 situations and now discuss how you’d like to go to the places , by train , by boat , by air or others , and give reasons , the map can help you , please work in group of 4.

T: how would you go from shanghai to London( pointing to the map)what about from Beijing to Guangzhou / chongqing to chengdu / dalian to qingdao

Ss: By plane / train or bus / ship

Step 3 Speaking

Activity1 pre-speaking :ask and answer

T : do you know which actor I like best in Hongkong ?

Ss: …

T: I like him best , he plays an important part in this series (show the picture of Looking back into the Tang Dynasty on the screen)

T: What does this series talk about ?

S8:

( show on the screen “ a modern man traveled into the past ”)

T: what will you travel by if you want to go to the past or the future ? I have a machine which can take you to wherever you like and whichever year. (show the picture of the machine) I’m quite generous , if you want to borrow it from me , I’m glad to lend it to you.now I’ll give you 2 minutes to the place you’d like to visit best , the years when you would go and the reasons

( 2 minutes later)

T :Ok, who’d like to borrow it from me ?

( several students respond)

T: Ok, S9,which year would you like to go to ?

S9 :

T: where would you go ?

S9:

T: why ?

S9:Because…

T: Good , now take my machine , I wish you a good journey

T: OK ,S10, what about you ? Now S9 has come back , she said my machine was wonderful , which year would you like to go to ? ( S10/11 the same as above)

(the answers to each student are written on the blackboard)

Activity 2 making dialogues

T: Just now , I have made three examples for you . now please look at the examples in your books . it’s a dialogue between 2 students . They are talking about traveling to the future , read the dialogue by yourself first and two of you are to make a new dialogue using the information on the screen

(show the questions on the screen :Which year would you like to go to? Where would you go ? Why ? )

and make as many sentences as possible . I’ll give you 4 minutes to prepare and then I’ll ask 2 pairs of you to act out your dialogue , any questions ?

Ss: No.

( 4 minutes later )

T: who’d like to have a try ? S11 and your partner ,please ( 2 pairs)

Step4 debate

T : each of you wants to go somewhere else to have a trip , but not all the local people like you to go there , some thinks tourism is good for them ,others think it bad , now suppose you live in a village , some of you want to develop the lake and turn it into a tourist resort (胜地) while some not .

( show the two parties on the screen :)

A :You think tourism will be good for your village because

1.

2.

3.

B :You think tourism will be bad for your village because

1.

2.

3.

T: now group 1and 2 are A , and groups 3 and 4 are B , you can think out as many reasons as possible , then we’ll have a debate to which party will win I’ll give you 3 minutes to prepare

Step 5 summary and homework

Activity 1 : summary

Today we’ve done some speaking and know how to choose means of transportation , also we’ve used my machine and traveled to many places to the future and the past , besides we’ve learned some new words

Activity 2 : homework

Preview the reading text on page 17 and underline the new words and expressions

Do the exercises on page 101

Period 2 : Reading

Step 1 greetings

Greet the whole class as usual

Step 2 pre- reading

Activity 1 : pre-reading : questions

T : In the last period we’ve learned something about traveling , do you like traveling

Ss : Yes

T :why ?

Ss: because

T: where would you most like to go ? S1

S1: …

T: Why ?

S1 : because

( 2 students )

T : Do you want to experience something different ?

T : now turn to page 17 , look at the picture , what are they doing ?

Ss : they are walking

T : yes , and what are they carrying ?

Ss : Large bags

T : yes , or we can say it’s backpack . in front of them ,there is a high mountain , they are to climb them .

T: One of my friends went to Qingzang Plateau in the summer holiday .And he told me that he was making an adventure travel , do you think so ?

Ss : Yes

T : Then in your opinion , what’s an adventure travel ?

( S2 answers the question , 2 or 3 others add the answers)

T: Yes ,quite right . what are the two popular activities ?

Ss : hiking and rafting ( since some of them may have previewed the lesson , so they may know the answer )

Activity 2 : main idea

T : is it right ? now listen to the tape to find out whether hiking and rafting are the two popular activities , and to find out the main idea of the text , are you clear ?

( show the questions on the screen to make sure they won’t forget the questions)

( play the tape)

T : now all together , it’s right or not ?

Ss: Right

T : who ‘d like to tell us the main idea of the text . Ok , S3

S3 :

( generalize his answer and show the answer on the screen)

T : Very good . ok , we watch TV a lot , and from the TV , what other kinds of adventure travels do you see ?

Ss : ( climbing , diving , mountain biking , sailing , downhill snowboarding ,camping ,bungeeing)

Step 3 While reading

Activity 1 extensive reading

T: ok , now let’s turn to the text , This time , let’s read the text quickly and do the true or false questions on the screen .

T : first read through the questions

( 1minute later)

T : You can start reading now I’ll give you 3 minutes to do the job . if it’s false , correct it , ok?

( 3 minutes later )

T : ok , now , No. 1 …

( check the answers )

1.Hiking and rafting are both very dangerous.

2.When you are hiking , you should wear a life jacket .

3.People make adventure travels because they are looking for unusual experiences

4. The name “ whitewater” comes from the fact that the water is white Activity 2 intensive reading

T: turn back to page 17 . read the first paragraph carefully and find out the main idea of the paragraph , or what’s it about ? and find out the reasons of traveling , understand ?

( 1’ later)

T : ok , all together , what’s the main idea of the text

Ss: Why do many people travel ? ( shown on the screen )

T : yes , good . well , what are the reasons ?

Ss :see other countries , visit places …( shown on the screen)

T : yes , people travel for many different reasons , what do you travel for ? S4

S4:

T : what about you S5 ?( S 6 /7 the same as above)

S5/6/7 :

T : any problems about paragraph 1 , if not let’s go on

T : turn to page 18 , here is a chart , now you are wanted to read the following two paragraphs carefully and do the chart , finding out the similarities and differences between hiking and rafting , remember if the item is not mentioned in the text , just escape it , ok ? I’ll give you 3 minutes to do it.

( 3’ later ) ( ask one of the students who does the work more quickly to write the answers on the blackboard)

( then check the answer in accordance to the screen)

`Activity 3 : talking

T : can you go rafting in wenzhou?

Ss: Yes ,

T : where can you go rafting ?

Ss : nanxi river

T : who has ever been to nanxi river ?

Ss :

T : What can you do in nanxi river ?

S1 :

T : ok , now look at the pictures on the screen, can you tell me which picture is more likely to be the rafting in the nanxi river ?

Ss : the left one .

T :Do you think going rafting in nanxi river is the same as the rafting in the picture ?

Ss: No

T : what is the difference ?

Ss:more dangerous….

( the differences between normal rafting and whitewater rafting )

Step 4 post reading

T: now you have known a lot about the text , turn to page 18, there are 5 multiple choices here, after you have read them choose one of them , ok ?

Ss ; ok

T : I’ ll give you1.5 minutes to do it .

( 1.5’ later)

T : No1, adventure travelers want to ________

( check the answers just in the book)

Step 4 summary and homework

Activity 1 : summary

In this class , we’ve read a passage about adventure travel. And we’ve learned something about hiking and rafting . I hope you’ll go hiking and rafting if there’s a chance .What’s more ,in your spare time , read some passages about other adventure travels to know something about them .

Activity 2 : homework

Preview the integrating skills part

Workbook : do the related exercises (the reading parts)

( time permitting , options :check the exercises of reading on page 101

discuss the tips of other adventure travels)

Period 3 : Reading Integrating skills and writing

Step 1 revision [reading ( useful expressions) ]

T :yesterday , we have got the general idea of the reading part , who can tell us what it is mainly about ?

S1: It’s mainly about the adventure travel , rafting and hiking .

T : Yes , very good . now let’s have a quick look at the text and explain some language points of the text .

( teacher retells some main sentences of the text which have language points and the language points will be shown on the screen )

T : Are you clear now ?

Ss :Yes .

T ; Very good . look at the blackboard , there are several multiple choices , you are to do the exercises to make sure that you all know them .

Step 2 integrating skills

Activity 1 reading

T : When people travel , what kind of travel do they usually make ?

S1 : hiking .

T : And what kind of travel is hiking ?

S1 : adventure travel

T : Yes , besides adventure travel , what is the other kind of travel ? you just go to Beijing to see the Great Wall , what’s it ?

S1: normal travel .

T : Good , have you ever heard of another kind of travel-eco-travel ?

Ss : No .

T : In yesterday ‘s debate , B said that tourism was bad for the ecology , for people had to cut trees to develop the lake . ( ecology )so in your opinion , does eco-travel have sth to do with ecology ?

Ss : Yes

T : look at the two words , do they have something in common ?

( write the words on the Bb)

Ss : the beginning 3 letters of the 2 words are the same .

T : Yes , the prefix eco – usually means “ o f ecology ” “ 生态的 ”

T : Now guess what an eco-travel is ? what do people make an eco-travel for ?

Ss :

T : Good , now turn to page 20 and read out the words above the table loudly ,try to find out the meaning of eco-travel and the differences between normal travel and eco-travel . I’ll give you 2 minutes .

( 2 minutes later)

T : Ok , S1 have you found out what eco-travel is ? ok , what’s it ?

S1 : Eco-travel is a form of travel that combines normal tourism with learning.

T : S2, can you tell us the differences ?

S2: normal tourism is bad for the environment and eco-travel can make the environment better , or at least understand it better .

Activity 2 talking about the eco-travel

T :Yesterday I surfed the Internet and noticed 2 places , they are very suitable for us to make an eco-travel , do you want to see what they are ?

( show the pictures on the screen )

T : How are they ? Are they good ?

Ss : yes .

T : One is the red river village in Viet nam , the other is snow mountain , it is longgu mountain

T : S2 , which one do you like better ?

S2 : Red river village .

T : suppose now you are making an eco-travel in the red river village , what can you do ? What can you learn ? What can you help do ?

( 3 students are required to do it .)

T : Good , now discuss in group of four , you can choose one of the 2 places and finish the red box , then send us a representative t o make a report to us , ok ?

You can do as _______

I think we should go to ________ , because we can __________and we can learn about _______

If we visit Red river village ,we can help __________

Step3 writing

T :Above all , wherever you go , you must make a schedule everyday . In that case , you will make good use of time and have a good time . Naturally , you will not waste money . I like traveling very much and have been to many places , last night I went to Japan and I had a good time so I wrote a letter to you , ( in my dream) , have you received it ?

( show a letter on the screen )

Qs : How many time points have I told you in the letter ?

What did I do yesterday ?

What am I doing today ?

What will I do tomorrow ?

( 4 Ss are to answer it )

T : Good , in writing a letter , you should use the past tense to indicate the things happend in the past , ( so does the present and future tense ) and pay attention to the form of the letter

T : Now look at my letter carefully and see whether there is anything wrong with it ?

S3 : the date , comma

T : Yes ,very good , thank you very much , so next time when you write a letter , pay attention not to make mistakes

Step 5 homework

T : Now comes your homework , please write a letter to your friend or teacher about the schedule of your trip like mine .before you start writing , you need to think about what you are going to write , list good ideas and make notes , you should pay attention to the form of a letter ( shown on the screen )

( option : do the exercises on useful expression and the tenses)

1.The girls _________(下班) work at five p.m.

2.______(当心)that you don’t get into trouble .

3.Clothing can _______(保护)us _____cold .

4.I __________(进行锻炼)every morning on the playground .

5.He ______(细心)with his homework .

6.He has _____________(徒步旅游)

7.He is tired , let me go _____(代替)

8.He is tired , let me go ________(代替) him .

9.Don’t _________(靠近) the tiger , it’s dangerous .

Period 4 :Listening

Step 1 greeting

T : Good morning , boys and girls

S: Good morning ,Miss Huang

Step 2 pre-listening

Activity 1 : listening to a song

(play a piece o f song 2 or 3 minutes before the bell rings )

T : Is it a lovely song ?

Ss: Yes .

T: what’s the beautiful place in the song

Ss: California hotel

T: California is a lovely place for us to travel . If you want to go there , how can you make it ,by plane or by train ?

Ss: By plane

Activity 2 : talking about boarding calls

T : ok, now listen to me carefully , and tell me where you usually hear it ?

“ Ladies and gentlemen , attention please , Flight BA 432 from Shanghai to Wenzhou is boarding at Gate A2 in 20 minutes , please get ready .”

T : Have you heard of it before ?

Ss : Yes

T : Where do you usually hear about it ?

S1 : In the airport

T : When does it usually happen ?

S2 : Before people get on the plane .

T : Yes , very good . we can also say “ board the plane = get on the plane”

T : Now listen to me again and try to find out how many messages there are in my broadcast

( the same as the above)

T : now can you see how many messages ?

Ss : 3

T : yes , very good , what are they ?

S3 : the flight number , the destination , gate number

T : yes, ok now look at the screen , do you know what it is

Ss: Boarding pass

T : yes , now let’s go through the pass and find out the flight number , the destination , and the gate

T : ok , now altogether

Ss :

Step 3 : listening

Activity 1 : listening to the tape and doing the exercises on P15 -1

T : now turn to page 15 , there are 3 boarding calls , you will listen to them once and write down the destination , the flight number and the gate of each call , and pay attention to some details , make notes while listening

( play the tape once )

T: Have you got it ?now , all together .

( if necessary , play it again )

T : Good , you have done a wonderful job , among the 3 calls , which one isn’t changed ? What is the origin of each flight ? What happens to No.3 flight ?

( play again for the details)

Activity 2 : arrange the order of the pictures on page 97

T : We can see that things always change without expectation , so when you want to go somewhere by plane , please arrive at the airport earlier . you can wait in the waiting hall , when you hear the boarding calls , you can begin boarding the plane , now comes the question , when you hear the boarding calls what other things will you have to do before you get on the plane ?

S1:

T : Ok, turn to page 97 , what are they doing ?

Ss:

T : yes , very good , arrange the pictures first by yourself before listening

T : S5 , what’s your result ?

S5 :

T : Ok , now let’s listen to the tape to see whether it’s right or not

( play the tape )

T : arrange the right order

Activity 3 : listening to the tape and doing the exercises on P16-2

T : Do you know how to board a plane now ?

Ss : yes

T : Good , since you know how to board a plane , so going abroad becomes much easier , if you have a lot of money , where would you most like to go , at home or abroad ?

S6/7/8 :

T : Ok , you have many choices and we can’t say which is better , which is worse . I have been to many places , I think I could be a good guide for you , now look at my suggestions to see whether you like it or not.

( show pictures and describe the pictures : the Forbidden city , tian anmen, mona lisa , Eiffel Tower – how can we go up to the top of the tower , penguine , polar bear , yangliwei )

T : 5 world travelers like them very much , they take my suggestions and they wrote 5 postcards for us about their trip , now turn to page 16 , listen to the tape and find out the answers to the table

( listen to each card after talking about each picture on the screen )

( play the tape again if necessary)

( listen to it again one by one and discuss some other information)

NO.2 What’s the color of the flag?

Do you know where the painting is kept ?

What’s France called in the postcard ?

NO3 . How long is the plane ride ?

NO 4 . How high can we jump ?

NO5 : How long have we had to swim to get here ?

Is there enough air below ?

Step 5 : homework

do the exercises on page 18 : word study

Page 99-100 practising

Period 5 :Language study

Step1 word study

T : ok , now open your book ,turn to page 19 , match the words and phrases . Yesterday I have asked you to finish it , have you done your homework ?

Ss : Yes .

T :Good , now let’s have a check .

Step 2 grammar

Activity 1 do some exercises to review the tenses

T :We have learnt a few tenses before ,such as the present tense , the past tense , the past perfect tense and so on . Now look at the screen , we’ll do an exercises to review them . I think 2 minutes is enough for you .

( 2 minutes later , check the answers )

T : Ok , are you ready ? let’s have a check .

( explain the tenses and list the table of 12 tenses on the screen )

1.Unless he ________(promise ) to help us , we shall lose the games .

2.It is five years since my dear aunt _____(leave) here .

3.I don’t know when he _________(come) , but when he _____(come), I’ll speak to him.

4.She___(be) poor in French , but she _______(do) her best to improve it .

5.I’m sorry I ______( forget) to tell him to come here for the meeting .

6.I ________(have) the bad cold for a week ,still I can’t get rid of it.

7.Tom told me that he _______(meet ) John and ______(give) him he message already .

8.She __always _______(work) when I go to see her .

9.He ________(do)his lessons from seven to nine last night .

10.He said he _______( be) free the next week

Activity 2 : talking about the changes of life in different time , using 3 different tenses

T : Look at me carefully , am I different today ?

Ss : yes

T : Ok , now what are the changes ?

Ss : Hair style

T :yes , things are always changing . times change and so does the way we live , many things we often do become easier and faster ,such as writing , reading , shopping and so on , do you know the ways of doing things in the past ? can you imagine the ways in the future .

T :ok , now look at the red chart on page 19 , for example , in the past we traveled by horse , today we travel by car/plane , in the future, we will perhaps travel by spaceship . try to fill in the blanks and read out yours answers as the examples in part three . are you clear ?

Ss: yes.

(teacher copies the chart on the Bb ,4 students are required to do it ,T write down the answers on the blackboard)

T : look at part 3 ,When you make the report , follow this :

In the past people…

Today people…

In the future , people will …

Activity 3 the future tense

T : so we can say , to express the future tense , we can use “ will do ”, what else ways can we use to express the future tense ?

Ss : be going to , be to do

T : Yes , quite right , now we’re going to learn another kind of expression about the future tense .

( Bb : will do, be going to , be to do ; while explaining the grammar , use Chinese properly)

T : turn to page 19, Jane and Betty are going on separate holidays in a few days’ time , ok, S1 and your partner , can you read out the dialogue for us

( S1 and his partner read the dialogue)

T : thank you , sit down please

There are quite a number of expressions to express the future tense , now please underline the verbs that express future , I’ll give you 2 minutes to do the job

(2’later)

T : S2 , please .

Ss : are off, be getting to …

( when S2 is speaking , write down the answers in the blackboard and explain some important phrases)

T : Very good , the verbs used are 移动性动词, can you think out other移动性动词 like go

Ss : arrive , reach.. come, stay , return, leave , start …

T : yes , usually , when present continuous tense is used as the future tense , it aims to function as

1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。

Are you staying with us this weekend? 这周和我们一起度周末吗?

We are leaving soon. 我们马上就走。

2) 渐变动词如：get, run, grow, turn become, begin及die。

Eg :He is dying.

移动性动词：go,come,return,arrive,get,reach,leave,meet,see off,take off,start,fly,stay等

3)与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

You are always changing your mind

( shown on the screen)

Step 3 expressions for good wishes

T : If it’s my birthday today , what will say to me ?

SS : Happy birthday

T : In our everyday life , we often have to wish others

now read the dialogue again ,try to find out some expressions for good wishes .

( 30 seconds later)

T : Are you ready ?

T : What are they ?

Ss : Have a nice time in Guangzhou & have a good trip .

T : How should we respond ?

Ss : Thanks & the same to you .

( when Ss finish answering , show the answers on the screen )

T : and we have a lot of other expressions . How can we say“ 祝你好运 ”“新年快乐”， “圣诞快乐”，“ 国庆节快乐”…

( shown on the screen )

Step 4 homework

Finish the exercises on page 99-101(完成课后99-101练习)

Finish workbook(完成同步练习)

Step 5 consolidation ( option)

T : Now we’ll do an exercise to consolidate the tense reviewed and learnt today .

( shown on the screen )

1.There ___ an English evening next Saturday.

A will have B is to have

C is going to do D is going to be

2.You’d better set about doing your homework now , or it __ too late .

A is B was C has been D will be

3.The boy is ill , he ___ absent from school for at least a week .

A has to B is to C will have to D will have to be4. They don’t buy any new clothes because they ____money to buy a big house

A save B are saving

C is saving D were saving

5.How ___ you ___ on with your work recently ?

A do ;get B have ;got

C are ; getting D were ;getting

6. He __ out when it began to rain .

A is going B was going

5.初中英语全套教案 篇五

Part 1: Teaching design (第一部分：教学设计)

Structures: Relative clause with that and who

Target language: I like music that I can sing along with.

What about you? I prefer music that has great lyrics.

I love singers who write their own music.

Vocabulary: lyric, gentle, remind of, exhibition, prefer, photographer, energy

Learning strategies: Listening for specific information

Transforming information

SECTION A

Goals

●To learn to use Relative clause with that and who

●To listen to and talk about music

Procedures

Warming up by studying “Grammar Focus”

Hi, morning. Today we shall take up unit 6 “I like music that I can dance to.” But first we shall studying “Grammar Focus”. Turn to page 45.

Relative clause with that and who

What kind of music do you like?

Rosa likes music that’s quiet and gentle.

I love singers who write their own music.

We prefer music that has great lyrics.

Pay attention to the circle words. What do they serve as?

Pay attention to the underline clauses. What do they serve as?

1a Looking and circling

Turn to page 44, look at the picture and circle the sentences you agree with. Make your own sentences like this: I like music that…

I like music that is written in China.

I like music that sounds sweet.

I like music that we can dance to.

I like music that isn’t too low.

I like music that has good lyrics.

I like music that we can easily sing along with.

I like music that is made by our music teacher.

…

1b Listening and checking

Listen to the tape and check the music that Tony and Betty like.

Music that I can dance to Music that has great lyrics Music that I can sing along with

Tony √ √

Betty √ √

Tapescript

Betty: Oh, look. There’s the new Cool Kids CD.

Tony: The Cool Kids? Do you like them?

Betty: Oh, yeah. They’re my favorite band. I like music that I can dance to.

Tony: You’re kidding. I think they’re awful. I prefer music that has great lyrics… music that I can sing along with.

Betty: I like songs I can sing along with too. So what’s your favorite band?

Tony: The Lions. Their words are interesting and…

Underline the Relative clause with that and who in the listening tapescript for 1b on the blackboard.

1c Doing pairwork

Now in pairs talk about the music you like.

A: What kind of music do you like?

B: I like music that I can sing along with.

A: I prefer music that has great lyrics.

A: What kind of music do you like?

B: I like music that I can that I can dance to.

A: I prefer music that I can sing along with.

2a Listening and circling

Go to page 45 and listen to circle “T” for true or “F” for false.

Underline on the blackboard all the Relative clause with that and who and circle “that” or “who” in the relative sentences.

Tapescript

Boy: Look, Carmen. These T-shirts are great! Look at this one.

Girl: What a great T-shirt, Xu Fei. I really love Dan Dervish. I like musicians who play different kinds of music.

Boy: Hmmm… he’s okay…

Girl: He’s only okay?! You must be joking.

Boy: Well… I like musicians who write their own songs. Dan Dervish doesn’t write his own music.

Girl: Hmm. Well, I think he’s great.

Boy: The Modern’s T-shirt is interesting.

Girl: The Modern are really great. I love music that’s really loud and energetic.

Boy: I know you do… but I prefer groups that play quiet and gentle songs.

2b Listening and completing

Listen to the Tapescript in 2a again and complete the sentences in the box on page 45 in 2b.

About The modern About Dan Dervish

Xu Fei says 1. I prefer groups that play quiet and gentle songs. 3. I like musicians who write their own songs.

Carman says 2. I love music that’s really loud and energetic. 4. I like musicians who play different kinds of music.

2c Doing pairwork

In pairs make conversations using the information from 2a and 2b.

A: Does Xu Fei like The Modern?

B: No, he doesn’t. He prefers groups that play quiet and gentle songs.

A: Does Carman like groups that play quiet and gentle songs.

B: No, she prefers music that’s really loud and energetic.

…

3a Reading and matching

Next you are going to read Jennifer’s CD review. Then match the sentences parts on page 46.

1. It’s the kind of music that you can dance to. (d)

2. She likes musician who write their own lyrics. (a)

3. She doesn’t like songs that are too long. (e)

4. She likes singers who sings the words clearly. (c)

5. The music is like Brazilian dance music. (b)

3b Doing pairwork

You are going to talk with your partner about a CD you listened to recently. Ask and answer the questions as is on page 46 in activity 3a.

A: What CD did you listen to recently?

B: I listened to one called Heart Strings.

A: What do you think of it?

B: I enjoy it a lot.

A: Why?

B: The singer writes her own songs. I prefer singers who write their own lyrics. A: What CD did you listen to recently?

B: I listened to one called China China.

A: What do you think of it?

B: I enjoy it a lot.

A: Why?

B: It’s the kind of music that you can dance to. I prefer music that we can dance to.

4 Doing pairwork

Complete the survey on page 46 and then go to find classmates who agree with you.

My opinion Classmates who agrees

I like groups that dance to their songs. Ju Hongxia

I love singers who are tall and beautiful. Li Dongming

I can’t stand music that is too long. Zhao Hexing

I don’t like musicians who look like aliens. Wang Baofeng

Closing down by singing a clean-up song

Clean-up,

Clean-up,

Everybody, Everywhere!

Clean-up,

Clean-up,

6.初中英语全套教案 篇六

词汇

beat goal check-out realize Lesson 61

train training captain deserve confident striker midfield Lesson 62

midfield player excellent shot nervous

lazy carry on final amazing be pleased with performance Lesson 63

teamwork baseball never mind boring

spill from now on rule against expect rough Lesson 64

日常交际用语

What did Jim think of it?

He thought it was great.

This is the most unlucky day of my life.

They deserved to …

That’s a pity.

Never mind.

How was the match yesterday?

I don’t want to talk about it.

That’s amazing.

语法

过去完成时(二)

He said he had never seen such an exciting match before.

By the time I got there, it had already finished.

二、教学步骤( Teaching steps)

Lesson 61

Step 1 复习

1、检查家庭作业。

2、通过使用手势或图片复习不同运动项目的名称（ basketball, football, soccer, American football, volleyball, ping-pong等）。问学生一些问题：Which sports do you like? Which do you prefer, football or basketball? 等等。

Step 2 朗读、表演

学生用书第76页第1部分。口语录音带第61课。对学生说：Today there was a football match. Did Jim play in the football match? Listen and find out。把书合起来。放录音给学生听，让他们找到答案。（ No, he just watched the match.）把书打开。与学生一起读一遍对话。接着再放一遍录音让学生听并让他们跟着重复。教学生词beat 和goal。

看练习册第61课练习6。全班学生一起口头回答这些问题之后，让学生以3人小组形式表演对话。让几组学生表演他们的对话。

Step 3 学习

学生用书第76页第2部分。和学生一起读一遍这些例句，然后解释他们存在的难点。注意过去完成时态的用法。向学生解释，过去完成时态表述了在过去发生或结尾的另仪活动之前发生的或结尾的事件或活动。换一句话说，两个活动都发生在过去，一个活动发生在另一个活动之前。你可以画一条如下的时间轴线来帮助你解释：

Past / Present

Activity 1 Activity 2

Past perfect past

分析这一部分里的两个句子。

Step 4 练习册

做练习册第61课练习2和3。这两个练习应两人一起完成。教师在教室中巡视，给学生以必要的帮助。

Step 5 家庭作业

把练习册第61课练习2里的句子写到练习本里。

Lesson 62

Step 1 复习

1检查家庭作业。

2 让学生背诵学生用书第76课第1部分里的对话。

Step 2 读前提问

学生用书第77页第1部分。让学生两人一组讨论这两个问题。让他们与全班一起给出他们的答案。现在对学生说Today we are going to read about a football match. What do you know about football? How many players on a team? (11) How do you play football? 帮助学生回答，You try to kick the ball into the goal. Can you use your hands? No. Only one player can use his/ her hands. That’s the goalkeeper. 把goalkeeper一词写在黑板上。向学生说明goalkeeper= goal+ keep+ er。 你可以教学一些像gatekeep 和zookeeper 这样的词以便进行比较。学生用书第77页。问What’s happening in the picture?让学生看短文的标题，帮助他们回答（The girl is making a goal.）

Step 3 读

学生用书第77页第2部分，口语录音带第62课。让学生仔细读一遍课文。然后问What was the ending score of the game? Why do you think the girls won?让学生说出他们的看法。教学生词train, training, captain, deserve, confident, striker, midfield, player, excellent, shot 和nervous。你可以用如下一些简单的英语解释其中某些生词：training在这篇课文里的意思是training for a competition。While in training, one exercises a lot and may eat certain foods to help them compete better。单词captain 在这一课里是指the captain of the team= the leader of the team。A striker是一个足球运动员，他的主要职责是踢进球。Midfield是运动场的中间地区。

现在放录音让学生听并让他们跟着重复。如果时间不够你可以只选一部分让学生听和重复。

全班口头做练习册第62课练习1。

Step 4 练习册

做练习册第62课练习2和3。练习2可以全班一起口头完成。

练习3应两人一起做，看看学生不做任何记录能否相互采访。

Step 5 家庭作业

完成练习册里的练习。

复习有关足球（比赛）的一些词语。

复习这个故事内容。

Lesson 63

Step 1 复习

1 检查家庭作业。

2 让学生复述学生用书第77页上的故事。

Step 2 读

学生用书第78页第1部分。口语录音带第63课。问Who scored the last two goals?让学生尽快的读故事的结尾部分找到答案( Li xiaolin)。然后让学生再仔细读一遍课文。就课文内容问一些问题。说Tell me about Lu Ming. What happened next? Who was winning at the end of the first half? What happened in the second half? What did Miss Wang say?让学生猜测下列生词的意思：lazy, carry on, final, amazing, performance和teamwork。然后向学生指出过去完成时态在这篇故事里的有用法。放录音让学生听并让他们跟着重复。

Step 3 介绍新语言项目

在黑板上画一条像这样的时间轴线：

time before last Saturday last Saturday now

had (never )seen watched a match having a lesson

问学生如下问题：

What are you doing now? ( having a lesson)

What did you do last Saturday? ( watched a match)

Was it a good match? ( Yes, a very good one.)

Had you ever seen such a good match before?

帮助学生回答最后一个问题：No, I had never seen such a good match before./ Yes, I had seen many like that one.

向学生解释，过去完成时叙述的是一个动作发生在过去某一时间。它的构成形式是had+过去分词。

Step 4 练习

学生用书第78页第3部分。和学生一起读一遍对话。教学生词。通过出示一副图片解释生词 baseball 的词义。

Never mind= doesn’t matter,

boring= not interesting。

指出某些东西使人感到boring，可是，某人却感到bored。你可以教给学生I’m bored!这个表达法。现在让学生两人一组活动，编他们自己的对话。让几组学生为全班说一说他们的对话。

Step 5 朗读、表演

学生用书第78页第3部分，口语录音带第63课。放录音给学生听，让他们找出Why didn’t Li lan watch the match yesterday? 这一问题的答案。(Because she didn’t know it started at 2:00. She thought it started at 5:00.) 把书打开。让学生听录音并让他们重复。接着，与全班一起练习对话。当他们在练习对话时，提醒他们看看他们的伙伴，不要看书。看看是否有些组能表演对话。

Step 6 练习册

做练习册第63课练习1-3。让学生两人一组做练习1。

练习2和3可以在班上口头做。

Step 7 家庭作业

完成练习册里的练习。

把练习册练习3的答案写在练习本里。

Lesson 64

Step 1 复习

1 检查家庭作业。

2 让学生复述本单元足球比赛的故事。教师说Tell me about the game. What happen next?等第。

Step 2 听

学生用书第79页第1部分。听力训练录音带第64课。教师对学生说We are going to listen to a football match on the radio. At first let’s just listen to the main idea。放录音，学生听录音找到大意。问Where is this game played?核对答案（London）。把两个队的名字写在黑板上，Liverpool 和Arsenal。让学生看练习册第64课练习1。放录音让学生听并选择正确的答案。然后与他们的同伴核对答案。最后与全班一起过一遍答案。放第3遍录音给学生听并让他们对练习册第64课练习2做填空练习。与全班一起核对答案。

听力课文：

…This is Radio F. You’re listening to our report on today’s big match here in London. The teams are Liverpool and Arsenal. They have already played for 85 minutes, so there’s only five more minutes before the end of the match.

At the moment, Arsenal is winning 2-1. All the goals were scored in the second half of the match. There were no goals in the first half. Arsenal’s first goal come five minutes after half time. They scored their second goal ten minutes later. Everyone thought that Arsenal had beaten Liverpool . But five minutes later, The Liverpool Striker Michael Owen scored a great goal.

Now Owen has the ball again. He’s running fast towards the Arsenal goal. He’s looking around for other Liverpool players, but he can’t see any. It’s still Owen. He runs past one Arsenal defender, and another . He shoots- he scores!Great goal! A beautiful shot!

…Only one minute of this match left now. It’s Arsenal 2 and Liverpool 2. For most of the match, Arsenal looked like the better team. But Arsenal is not working well as a team. Their teamwork is very bad. Oh no! An Arsenal defender has made a mistake. Now Fowler has the ball for Liverpool. He shoots and scores! Fowler scores Liverpool’s third goal in the last minute of the match! Liverpool 3, Arsenal 2. A great end to this exciting game…

答案：

Ex. 1: 1 A 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 A. Ex.2: 1 scored, second; 2 five, goal; 3 ball, running fast towards, looking around for , see any; 4 most, looked like; 5 working well,team, teamwork, bad.

Step 3 读、写

学生用书第79页第2部分。让学生快速读第一部分并找出大意。核对答案（ Tracy Jones is writing in her diary about the football match.）。现在让学生读一遍阅读课文的第二部分，不做填空练习。让学生猜一猜下列生词和表达法的意思：spill, spill over和from now on.接着让学生个别做填空练习。让他们与他们的同伴一起核对他们的答案。然后与全班一起核对答案。答案是：can’t, beat, win, scored, beat-win, told, played, had, did/ had, had, scored, had won.

学生用书第80页第3部分。与学生一起读信的文字说明。然后找几个学生对全班朗读这封信。鼓励学生在读这封信时要有激情。过一遍不熟悉的词：Aussie, rule, against, expect 和rough。

看练习册第64课练习3。让学生在课堂上口头回答这些问题。让学生个别写一封回信。然后让他们朗读给他们的同伴听。再一次鼓励学生在朗读信时要充满激情和活力。教师在教室里巡视并给予必要的指导。

Step 4 要点复习16

过一遍复习要点16，如有必要给学生一个补充练习。学生需要理解过去完成时态的用法和意义。参见学生用书第228页附录部分的语法内容。学年结束就要来临，你可以用一些时间复习一下学生感到比较弱的语言点。过一遍日常用语，务必使学生知道如何使用这些日常用语。

Step 5 测试

把下列材料作为一个听写。让学生写下他们听到的内容。

School ended a little earlier. We all went to the football field, and soon the game started. We were playing against No. 64 Middle School. It was a draw when we played against them last time. They were all very big and strong, and we felt a little afraid of them. Although we were neither ver big nor very strong, we were a good team. We played together very well. But still we were not sure we could beat them.

Step 6 练习册

做练习册第64课练习4--7。在做练习4时，让学生两人一组练习对话。然后让一组学生为全班表演对话。

练习5可以在班上口头完成。

练习6是选做题。练习6让学生对他们的同伴朗读这个笑话。该系告诉学生这个笑话时间的选择是非常重要的。让学生自愿为全班朗读这个对话。进行一次竞赛，看谁把这个笑话讲得最好。

练习7可以让学生个别做。

Step 7 家庭作业

完成练习册里的练习。

7.摇动式全套管设备及其工法浅析 篇七

近几年,随着国民经济的快速发展,我国建筑桩工技术和设备在城市轨道交通、高层建筑、高速路桥建设和铁路建设等领域呈现了“跳跃式”的发展。纵观目前国内外种类繁多的桩工技术,现场灌注桩工法和预制桩工法是最有代表性的施工方法,其中灌注桩工法又可细分为:

非套管工法是目前国内较常用的工法,其广泛应用部分归因于其施工设备的普及和施工成本相对低廉。但该类工法的不足之处是,为了防止孔壁坍塌,一般要注入泥浆等钻孔稳定液进行护壁,导致PH值较高的废弃物的产生,从而造成环境污染;另外非套管工法在松散、软弱、易坍塌(我国华东和东南沿海的流沙、淤泥和富水砂层等地层)的地层中钻孔时极易发生塌孔和埋钻施工,不仅延误工期,而且带来严重的经济损失和不良的社会影响。

全套管工法在国外(特别是欧洲)自80年代以来就已经在城市建设中被广泛应用。摇动式全套管设备分为全套管旋挖设备和全套管冲抓设备两大类,旋挖型搓管钻机和冲抓型搓管钻机是设备的核心部分。全套管工法可实现全孔护壁干式钻掘,边起拔套管边灌注,成孔和灌注成桩一次完成,是一种适合在城市施工的环保型和安全型施工技术,能够最大限度地保证施工质量,易于实现科学程序施工。

2 摇动式全套管工法的国内外发展现状

全套管钻机及其施工法50年代初起源于法国贝诺特公司,因而得名“贝诺特”工法。1954年日本引进了法国N O-6型钻机,1955年引进了EDF-55型钻机,1958年引进了超级EDE型钻机,形成了日本三菱、加腾两大具有代表性的全套管设备制造公司,以后又发展到横山、三合等公司。1966年在日本已基本形成系列并向东南亚、欧洲出口。80年代该工法又结合反循环工法与扩底钻使其更加完善。但这一时期的套管钻机基本上以摆动自行式钻机为主,即塔架、搓管机、动力站与自行式底盘形成一体。由于设备比较庞大、笨重,加上结构尺寸上的限制,搓管角度比较小,灵活性差,成孔直径一般在1 100mm以内,属于第一代产品。进入80年代中后期随着基桩口径向1 500mm以上大口径方向发展,这种自行式套管钻机已不能满足施工要求,随之出现了附着式搓管机配普通吊机的分体式套管钻机。这种机型极大地增强了套管设备的灵活性,搓管机作为一个工作机构,通过机械接口附着在吊机底盘上,所需动力可以单独配置独立液压泵站,也可通过吊机底盘预留的液压接口直接引用吊机底盘动力。吊机底盘在完成正常冲抓孔作业的同时,在吊臂工作范围内还可起吊套管等其它重物,施工现场一般不用再配备其它专用吊机协助作业。在没有桩基工程时,吊机底盘可用于其它用途作为普通吊机使用,大大提高了设备利用率。套管钻机使用的冲抓斗多为单、双绳两用抓斗。套管分单壁式和双壁式两种结构型式,一般∅1 500mm以下的套管常做成单层,∅1 500mm以上的套管常做成双层。套管之间的联接有平键定位锁销式,切口定位插板式等联接方式。目前国外∅2 000mm以内的套管钻机为附着式搓管机配吊机这种分体结构型式,且作为扭摆套管装置已成为知名厂商中、大直径多功能全套管钻机的标准配置单元。这种钻机除了配备冲锤和抓斗外,还可配套回转钻斗、空心钻头、扩孔钻头、短螺旋和长螺旋钻具等多种钻掘工艺方法。目前国外生产附着式搓管机的知名厂家主要有德国的宝峨、意大利的土力、卡沙特兰地等公司。

我国使用全套管设备开始于80年代初。据不完全统计,从1981年交通部引进日本三菱MT150全套管钻机算起,截止1992年总共进口近70台,多数为摆动自行整体式套管钻机,属于国外早期产品。进入90年代我国深圳特区、云南省有关部门引进了少量附着式搓管钻机,绝大多数产自德国和意大利。在该领域我国与先进国家相比从使用角度看至少落后20年,全套管整套施工设备的自主研制尚属空白。

我国该领域的科研开始于1995年,原地质矿产部勘探技术研究所在国内率先进行了“全套管冲抓施工设备、器具及施工工艺”的科研,2000年底研制出首台∅1 500mm搓管钻机,经4年的成果转化,2005年“CG型全套管冲抓成孔设备”被科学技术部等4部委确定为国家重点新产品。设备总体性能达到了国际先进水平,填补了我国在该技术领域的一项空白。目前已形成系列化搓管钻机的产业化生产,产品远销中欧、东欧、中东、南亚的许多国家。

3 摇动式全套管设备

摇动式全套管设备按配套设备(冲抓履带吊机和旋挖钻机)的不同主要分为两种:全套管旋挖设备(图1)和全套管冲抓设备(图2)。

1-搓管钻机(旋挖型);2-钢套管;3-旋挖钻具;4-旋挖钻机

1-搓管钻机(冲抓型);2-钢套管;3-冲抓斗;4-履带吊机;5-液压泵站

3.1 全套管旋挖设备

工作原理:施工时需配备主提升力15t以上的旋挖钻机用于搓管钻机的工作反力和牵引移位。搓管钻机小角度往复搓动钢套管并将其压入地层,同时旋挖钻机驱动旋挖钻具回转并钻掘出套管内岩土,套管护壁钻掘至设计深度后在套管内下入全孔钢筋笼并灌注混凝土,同时搓管钻机继续搓动和起拔套管,边起拔边灌注,直至灌注完毕并起拔出全孔套管,此时成孔和灌注成桩一次完成。单独设计的搓管钻机液压泵站方便了液压取力,使旋挖和搓管作业可同时进行互不干扰,同时大大提高了不同厂家旋挖钻机配套的灵活性。不同型号的搓管钻机可施工的套管口径范围不尽相同,目前该设备的施工口径为∅600~2 000mm,套管护壁钻进深度的大小受地层情况和套管靴切削齿的正确选择等方面的影响较大,在第四纪土层中的套管钻进深度一般可达到25~40m,而旋挖钻机驱动器的钻套管深度只有10m左右。

3.2 全套管冲抓设备

工作原理:施工时需配备主卷扬提升力30~50t、副卷扬提升力5~10t以上的履带吊机用于搓管钻机的工作反力和牵引移位以及冲抓斗的冲抓作业。搓管钻机小角度往复搓动钢套管并将其压入地层,同时履带吊机操纵冲抓斗冲抓并取出套管内岩土,套管钻进和灌注过程如前所述。

4 摇动式套管钻机(搓管钻机)

搓管钻机是摇动式全套管设备的核心部分。旋挖型搓管钻机(见图3)与旋挖钻机配套使用,主要由夹持油缸及夹持臂、搓管油缸和滑动尾架、压拔油缸、下夹持油缸、扶正油缸、液压控制单元和液压接口、有线遥控盒和电器接口、钻机底架和与旋挖钻机底盘连接的伸缩接口板等组成。冲抓型搓管钻机(见图4)与履带吊机配套使用,机身长度较长,钻进能力较大,有遥控和手把操作两种方式。

上述两种搓管机既可采用单独液压泵站驱动又可直接采用旋挖钻机或履带吊机的液压动力源。

5 套管(全护筒)

套管分为单壁套管和双壁套管。套管一般制成不同长度的标准节,施工时根据桩的长度进行配套。

套管在钻进过程中,可能会遇到各种复杂与较坚硬的土层,为了使套管钻进顺利,在套管下部连接有切削齿的套管钻头。钻头切削齿根据形状不同可分为内侧齿、中齿和外侧齿。切削齿的刃部都镶有硬质合金。切削齿内外出刃15mm左右,一方面便于切削,另一方面可以减少套管与土体摩擦。标准切削齿的选定及配置根据要削土层的不同而异。

6 结论

全套管设备与旋挖设备同属大口径干式环保型钻孔灌注桩施工机械,但后者在泥浆难以护壁的软弱地层、钻头难以钻掘的坚硬岩层或卵砾石层中的使用受限,而前者利用冲击和冲抓等器具可顺利钻掘上述地层。

8.安全套进中学 篇八

2013年1月至10月，陕西省新增艾滋病感染者和艾滋病病人1110例，其中90%以上是性传播引起的，发病人群以青年、务工人群为主。就此西安市政府办公厅日前下发《关于进一步加强艾滋病防治工作的意见》，要求教育部门督促各类高等院校、中等职业学校、普通中学在校园超市销售安全套，或设置安全套发售装置。此举引起各方热议。对此，陕西省卫计委回应称，这是省政府经过多番调研、慎重研究决定的。（4月24日《华商报》）

新规之所以引发热议，是因为把普通中学纳入其中。但是，对于大部分尚未成年的中学生来说，这个真的安全吗？

据媒体报道，陕西省此次在校园设置安全套，只是针对艾滋病预防的综合措施之一。除此之外，教育部门还将把预防艾滋病知识纳入健康教育课程，并督促各类高等学校、中等职业学校、普通中学开设预防艾滋病健康教育课（每学年不得少于1课时），并设置校园宣传专栏宣传艾滋病防治知识。

应对：

对于中学生而言，正处在青春期，这个年龄阶段的孩子往往表现出性心理相对于性生理发育相对滞后的现象。此时，孩子需要的是性生理和性心理方面的科学解读，需要家长和老师帮助孩子解开心中的迷茫和困惑。把安全套堂而皇之地摆在学校超市货架上，势必让孩子产生一种错觉或不良的心理暗示，孩子会认为学校默许他们的性行为。一些孩子在好奇心的驱使下，就会进行尝试，甚至走上偷吃禁果的泥淖，这岂不是在误导和纵容了孩子的不良行为？无论是性教育还是防治艾滋病，不是将安全套不分青红皂白随手一放那么简单。