一级复习题有答案

一级复习题有答案（共4篇）

1.一级复习题有答案 篇一

复习题一：

Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by Law

When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects.We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas.We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment.We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived years ago and obviously knew no better.But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were.The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.

It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.Let us not deceive ourselves.Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy.People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring.Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence.A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news.Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen.They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.

Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask.The answer is simple: they are uncivilized.For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally - admittedly with little success.But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past.Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be.Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world.Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly.These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law.The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence.If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind.We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.

1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is

A.not very high.

B.high.

C.contemptuous.

D.critical.

2.The main idea of this passage is

A.vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.

B.people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.

C.to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.

D.people are bloodthirsty in sports.

3.That the author mentions the old Romans is

A.To compare the old Romans with today’s people.

B.to give an example.

C.to show human beings in the past know nothing better.

D.to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.

4.How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?

A.Three.

B.Five.

C.Six.

D.Seven.

5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is

A.that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.

B.that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.

C.that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.

D.to show law is the main instrument of social change.

Vocabulary

1.relish  从……获得乐处，享受

2.orgy  狂欢，放纵

3.arena  竞技场，活动或斗争的场所

4.blood-thirsty  残忍的，嗜血的

5.bear-baiting  逗熊游戏

6.bull-fight  斗牛

7.batter  猛击，连续地猛打/捶，乱打

8.pulp  成纸浆，成软块

9.burst into flames  突然燃烧起来/着火

10.grim  令人窒息的，简陋的

11.coop up  把……关起来

写作方法与文章大意

作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。先是今人和古罗马人对暴虐体育上对此两者都欣赏。后者坦率成人“欣赏暴力体育”，前者施以各种接口、实际都是嗜血成性者。第二段进一步剖析今人欣赏暴虐体育的种种实例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜为改善法律采取积极的步骤，法律才能施以巨大的文明影响，否则人类很难改变。

答案详解

1.A.不太高。文章一开始就点出科技巨大进步，而其他方面进展很少。人们以轻蔑的口气谈及可怜的古罗马人，因为他们欣赏竞技场上的屠杀。我们轻视他们，因为他们把这些屠杀视为娱乐。我们可以降阶/屈尊地谅解他们，因为他们生活在前，显然，对好的东西不知道。在这里作者反问，我们的优越感是否正确呢?我们的嗜血性是不是少一些?为什么拳击比赛吸引那么许多人?在场的观赏者(观众)是不是也希望看到一些暴力呢?结论是：人类和过去一样残忍。唯一的不同点在于古罗马人很诚实，他们承认他们欣赏观看饥饿的狮子把人撕碎，活生生吃掉，而我们会找出各种精辟的理由来保卫早该制止的运动。第二段举出具体例子，如斗牛、拳击中把人打瘫在地、车赛中，车子碰撞起火，人们就坐在那里观看欣赏，参赛者是为了高报酬，观众付出大笔钱财是为了看到暴力。作者指出任何体育精神的说法纯粹是虚伪。如果一场打比赛(世界重量级冠军赛)，两轮而不是十五轮就告结束，成千上百万人们会感到失望DD这些都证明人的卑下，不文明。这两段似乎也证明作者的观点应该是C项DD蔑视的。但在第三段谈及，好几个世纪以来，人们一直试图在精神上和情感上改善自己，又得承认不怎么成功。可至少我们不再容忍疯人禁锢于笼中，当众鞭挞，以及其他许多过去普遍存在的野蛮行径。监狱也不再是过去那种令人窒息的禁锢之地，社会福利制度在全世界许多地方推行。在财富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。这些变化的出现不是因为人突然改善，而是在改变法律上采取了 积极的步骤。如果我们禁止危险的暴力体育项目，那么我们在改善人类方面又前进了一步。我们会认识暴力是人类的堕落和卑下(人类不应有的)。从这段来看，作者对人类还抱有希望，不是很蔑视。所以选A项。

2.A.法律应禁止堕落而又危险的体育项目。见第一题注释。作者从古罗马人欣赏残忍的体育项目说起，点出现代人也是嗜血成性，喜欢暴力体育项目。这是不文明，是堕落。必须制止，而法律是我们社会改革最强大的工具，它可应用，发挥强大的文明影响(第三段倒数第三句)

B.人们愿意支付巨大款项来观看暴力。这是作者说明“嗜血成性”的具体内容之一。

C.对比对危险体育项目不同的态度。这里没有对比。

D.人类嗜血成性。这是作者认为人们为什么欣赏危险残忍体育项目的根源。

3.D.人们在体育上习惯于“嗜血成性”，过去是，现在仍然是，不同点只是前者坦直承认，后者婉转掩饰。见第一题注释。

A.把古罗马人和现代人对比。这项没有说明对比什么。

B.给出一个例子。太抽象。

C.说明过去人类不太知道更美好的东西，这两项都没有到位。

4.B.5个。作者提到⑴逗熊游戏;⑵斗牛;⑶车赛;⑷拳击;⑸人狮斗。至于当众鞭挞和绞刑不能称作体育活动。

5.A.通过制止野蛮体育项目，我们能改善人类自身。这在第三段讲的最透彻，见第一题和第二题注释。

B.通过制止野蛮体育活动，我们能改善法律，不完全对。作者明确指出要用法律来禁止野蛮体育项目。

C.我们必须采取积极步骤来改善社会福利体制

D.去表明法律是社会变革的主要工具。

复习题二：

Meditation in Indonesian Business

It looked like a typical business meeting.Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table.But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making.But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.

Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants.Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah.These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.

Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past.‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy.Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered.Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation.‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture.Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition.Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful.’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980.Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone.Meditation brought back his peace of mind.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan - the ‘search for the inner self.’

One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking.‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business.Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.

1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?

[A] Mysticism.

[B] Religion.

[C] Meditation.

[D] Investment.

2.Whom do they consult?

[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.

[B] Wali Ullah.

[C] Old Kings.

[D] Carnegie.

3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?

[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.

[B] To show they too focused on qualifications.

[C] To show they hired qualified persons.

[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.

4.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is

[A] to gain profit from the god.

[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision.

[C] to gain foreknowledge.

[D] to gain objective conclusion.

5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?

[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.

[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.

[C] Contact with God.

[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.

Vocabulary

1.file into 鱼贯而入，排队进去

2.Jakarta  雅加达

3.meditate  沉思，冥想，反省

4.Java  爪哇

5.Javanese  爪哇的

6.mysticism  神秘主义

7.boost  促进，增加，提高

8.devout  虔诚的，热诚的

9.appeal (to)  向……呼吁，求助于，魅力

10.legend  传说，神话

11.fasting  禁食，斋戒

12.hold onto 抓紧，保住

13.personnel management system  人事管理制度

14.perspective investment  远景投资

15.venture  (商业)投机，风险

16.sharpen  使……敏锐/尖锐，磨尖

17.business slide  买卖/企业滑坡，下滑

18.turn around  (生意)好转，转变

19.subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的

20.cybernetics 控制论

21.Carnegie  卡耐基

22.tap  开拓，选择

难句译注

1.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.

「参考译文」在印尼神秘主义似乎涉及到印尼生活的各个方面，商业也不例外。

2.Those devout traders， called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God， ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.

「参考译文」这些虔诚的商人，叫做Wali Ullah，或者“接近主的人”，把他们的祈求呼吁跟爪哇当地的神秘主义相结合。他们通过这一途径积极热情地拓展商业买卖和宗教信仰。

3.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.

「参考译文」恰当的工作岗位使用合适的人选，对企业决策具有信心使形式好转的关键。它给你带来拓展和利润。(或任人唯贤，指挥若定使扭亏增盈，大展宏图的关键。)

4.Search for the inner self.

「参考译文」探索内心的自我。

5.Such approaches as psychocybernetics， Carnegies think and growth rates， or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.

「参考译文」类似心理控制论、卡耐基思想、增长率、或者积极思考能力等观点是西方开拓高智能的办法，而我们是通过沉思冥想来和高智能联系的。

写作方法与文章大意

这是一篇新闻报导，讲述印度尼西亚商人如何经营公司。主要采用一般到具体写作手法。一开始就点明他们以独特的方式DD不看文件，不听汇报，而是闭上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精灵请示来经营。这种神秘主义几乎涉及印尼生活的各个领域，商业也不例外。后面每段都围绕这一主题而写。第二段写来源。第三段，应用于商业方面的具体例子，第四段，和西方管理方法对比。

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2.一级复习题有答案 篇二

1[单选题]

根据《水电建设工程质量管理暂行办法》，( )负责向质监总站进行事故报告。

A.项目法人

B.施工单位

C.监理单位

D.设计单位

参考答案：A

◆◆2[单选题]

建设项目的主要施工单位，应委派( )参加工程施工安全领导小组。

A.项目负责人

B.项目安全小组组长

C.单位行政正职

D.单位专职安全员

参考答案：A

◆◆3[单选题]

特大质量事故的处理方案，由项目法人委托( )提出。

A.监理单位B.设计单位C.质监总站D.施工单位

参考答案：B

◆◆4[单选题]

以下属于项目法人应履行的职责是( )。

A.负责向质监总站报告工程质量工作B.审批施工单位的施工组织设计、施工技术措施、施工详图C.签发设计单位的施工设计文件D.组织设计交底

参考答案：A

◆◆5[单选题]根据《水电建设工程质量管理暂行办法》，( )负责向质监总站报告工程质量工作。

A.项目法人B.监理单位C.施工单位D.质监总站驻工地代表

参考答案：A

◆◆6[单选题]

在可行性研究及以前阶段的勘测、规划设计等前期工作中的工程质量( )。

A.由项目法人负责B.由项目审批部门负责C.由设计单位负责D.由项目主管部门负责

参考答案：C

◆◆7[单选题]

工程建设实施过程中的.工程质量由( )负总责。

A.施工单位B.监理单位C.设计单位D.项目法人

参考答案：D

◆◆8[单选题]

按规定，监理单位不应审批施工单位的( )。

A.施工组织设计B.设计变更C.施工技术措施D.施工详图

参考答案：B

◆◆9[单选题]

监理单位对其验收合格项目的施工质量负( )。

A.部分责任B.间接责任C.直接责任D.全部责任

参考答案：C

◆◆10[单选题]

组织设计交底的建设方是( )。

A.建设单位B.监理单位C.施工单位D.设计单位

参考答案：B

◆◆11[单选题]

施工单位对所承包项目的施工质量负责，在监理单位验收前对施工质量负( )。

A.部分责任B.间接责任C.直接责任D.全部责任

参考答案：D

◆◆12[单选题]

施工单位对所承包项目的施工质量负责，在监理单位验收后，对其隐瞒或虚假部分负( )。

A.部分责任B.间接责任C.直接责任D.全部责任

参考答案：C

◆◆13[单选题]

建设项目项目法人的行政正职，对本单位的质量工作负( )。

A.领导责任B.间接责任C.直接责任D.全部责任

参考答案：A

◆◆14[单选题]

工程主要材料、设备，应由( )负责招标采购。

A.工程主管单位B.建设行政主管部门C.合同规定的采购单位D.质量监督部门

参考答案：C

◆◆15[单选题]

施工单位在工程项目现场的行政负责人对本单位在工程建设中的质量工作负( )。

A.直接领导责任B.间接领导责任C.技术责任D.间接责任

参考答案：A

◆◆16[单选题]

水电建设工程质量监督总站对工程质量的监督属( )。

A.检察性质B.监督性质C.监察性质D.政府性质

参考答案：C

◆◆17[单选题]

( )负责监督、指导工程安全鉴定工作和质量事故的调查、处理工作。

A.质量监督流域分站

B.质量监督总站

C.设计单位

D.监理单位

参考答案：B

◆◆18[单选题]

施工单位在近一年内工程发生( )，不得独立中标承建大型水电站主体工程的施工。

A.重大质量事故B.特大质量事故C.较大质量事故D.一般质量事故

参考答案：B

◆◆19[单选题]

因施工原因造成工程质量事故的，( )有权扣除施工单位部分以至全部质量保留金。

A.监理单位B.设计单位C.项目法人D.质量监督单位

参考答案：C

◆◆20[单选题]

施工单位进行工程分包时，分包部分不宜超过合同工作量的( )。

A.20%B.50%C.30%D.25%

3.一级复习题有答案 篇三

B.covering

C.closed

D.enclosing 2.Many international companies produce a large number of products, often divided into product________.A.categories

B.mix

C.brands

D.lines 3.The credit of letter will be confirmed by the Bank of China, Shanghai, that will _______ your draft on the documents at sight for the amount of your invoice.A.accept

B.pay for

C.receive

D.obtain 4.Indent is often used by ______ or ______ in other countries.A.agents … madmen

B.sellers … buyers

C.retailers … wholesalers

D.distributors … brokers 5.Companies wishing to ______ more money for development can sometimes issue new shares.A.rise

B.raise

C.increase

D.develop 6.We cannot accept any fresh orders _______ heavy commitments.A.due to

B.owing to

C.because

D.on account of 7.Please see to it that the goods we ordered are shipped as soon as the covering letter of credit ______ you.A.gets

B.comes

C.arrives

D.reaches 8.The direct steamer sailing ______ your port calls at our port only around the end of the month.A.under

B.on

C.with

D.for 9.An order is a request to supply a specified quantity of goods, which may result from ________ or_________ with subsequent quotations.A.an offer … a bid

B.an offer … an inquiry

C.a bid … a counter-offer

D.a counter-offer … a counter-offer 10.The letter we sent last week is an enquiry _______ color TV sets.A.about

B.for

C.of

D.as 11.Your delay in shipment will______ us in great difficulty.A.cause

B.lead

C.conclude

D.involve 12.We place this order ______ the understanding that the discount is 10%.A.based on

B.with

C.on

D.through 13.We would like to take this ______ to establish business relations with you.A.opening

B.opportunity

C.step

D.advantage 14.If you can make us a firm offer at a ______ price, we will place an order with your corporation.A.competitive

B.comparative

C.subjective

D.objective 15.We should be pleased to send you some samples of our new typewriter on approval, ______ our own expense.A.at

B.on

C.for

D.in 16.Our bank offers minimum interest ______ for seller financing and for loans of cash.A.levels

B rates

C.bases

D.percentage 17.Taking into consideration our long-standing business relations with you, we accept ___by D/P.A.inquires

B.payment

C.installment

D.counter-offer 18.When the seller receives the buyer’s counter-offer, and he finds some terms and conditions unacceptable to him, he will state his own opinions in a letter, which is called as _____

A.bid

B.offer

C.inquiry

D.counter-counter-offer 19.The shipment time is June or July at our _____ and the goods will be shipped in one_____.A.choice, shipment

B.option, lot

C.decision, cargo

D.option, consignment 20.Managers set _____and decide how their company can achieve them.A.limits

B.amounts

C.details

D.objectives

Reading 1 Effective communication is essential for all organizations.It links the activities of the various parts of the organization and ensures that everyone is working towards a common goal.It is also extremely important for motivating employees.Staff need to know how they are getting on, what they are doing right and in which areas they could improve.Working alone can be extremely difficult and it is much easier if someone takes an interest and provides support.Employees need to understand why their job is important and how it contributes to the overall success of the firm.Personal communication should also include target setting.People usually respond well to goals, provided these are agreed between the manager and subordinate and not imposed.However, firms often have communications problems that can undermine their performance.In many cases, these problems occur because messages are passed on in an inappropriate way.There are, of course, several ways of conveying information to others in the organization.These include speaking to them directly, e-mailing, telephoning or sending a memo.The most appropriate method depends on what exactly it is you are communicating.For example, anything that is particularly sensitive or confidential, such as an employee’s appraisal, should be done face-to-face.One of the main problems for senior executives is that they do not have the time or resources needed to communicate effectively.In large companies, for example, it is impossible for senior managers to meet and discuss progress with each employee individually.Obviously this task can be delegated but at the cost of creating a gap between senior management and staff.As a result, managers are often forced to use other methods of communication, like memos or notes, even if they know these are not necessarily the most suitable means of passing on messages.The use of technology, such as e-mail, mobile phones and network systems, is speeding up communication immensely.However, this does not mean that more investment in technology automatically proves beneficial: systems can become outdated or employees may lack appropriate training.There are many communications tools now available but a firm cannot afford all of them.Even if it could, it does not actually need them all.The potential gains must be weighed up against the costs, and firms should realize that more communication does not necessarily mean better communication.As the number of people involved in an organization increase, the use of written communication rises even faster.Instead of a quick conversation to sort something out numerous messages can be passed backwards and forwards.This can lead to a tremendous amount of paperwork and is often less effective than face to face communication.When you are actually talking to someone, you can discuss things until you are happy they have understood and feedback is immediate.With written messages, however, you are never quite sure how it will be received.What you think you have said and what the other person thinks you have said can be very different.1.In the first paragraph the writer recommends that communication with staff should

include A.some feedback on their job performance

B.an explanation of how company targets have been set.C.information on promotion prospects within the company.D.an indication of which duties they can expect assistance with.2.According to the writer, the best way of achieving effective communication is to

A.adapt the message to suit a particular audience.B.make the content of messages brief and direct.C.select the most suitable means of conveying a particular message.D.ensure that information is targeted at the appropriate group of people.3.What does the writer say about the communication options available to senior managers?

A.Sending memos to staff is one of the most efficient methods.B.It is important to find the time to discuss certain matters with staff.C.They should increase the range of options that they use.D.Getting junior managers to talk to staff can create different problems.4.What advice is given about the communication tools made available by technology?

A.Aim to limit staff use of certain communication tools.B.Evaluate them in terms of the expenditure involved.C.Select them on the basis of the facilities they offer.D.Encourage more staff to attend training courses in their use.5.According to the writer, a problem with written communication is that

A.the message can be interpreted differently to what was intended.B.it can be easy for people to ignore the contents of a written message.C.most people are more comfortable with face-to-face communication.D.it is possible for correspondence to get lost within a large organization.Reading 2 Tariffs(关税)may be used simply to obtain revenue.In some developing countries, revenue tariffs provide an important part of the government’s in come.Often, however, tariffs are protective, and are designed to carry out a particular economic policy.They may help to reduce a balance of payment deficit or to protect an infant industry against strong international competition from older corporations.A revenue tariff will always provide some protection, and a protection tariff will produce some revenue.Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish between revenue and protective tariffs from economic evidence alone.Many different types of non-tariff barriers have been used, but the best known of these are quota systems(配额制).A quota is an upper limit which is set on imports of a commodity for a fixed period of time.Some quotas apply to the physical quantities of particular goods, whereas others are based on the total value of all imports.In the latter case, the quotas are usually combined with a system of exchange control in an attempt to prevent a balance of payment deficit.Quotas are also used to protect domestic industries.Under most quota systems, importers must obtain government licences for the goods they wish to import.It should be noted that a quota system is always protectionist and provides no revenues to the country.When a tariff is imposed on an import, the direct impact on price is to raise it by the amount of the tariff.Market factors, however, can modify this effect.Hence, the final price increase due to a tariff may be less than, equal to, or more than the amount of the tariff.In contrast, the impact of a quota on price is much harder to predict.The effects are particularly uncertain with goods which are not produced at all domestically.For instance, many countries do not have their own car industry, so that an import quota can cause a considerable shift in automobile prices.1.What’s the main purpose of imposing tariffs?_________ A.Prohibit imports.B.Reduce a balance of payment deficit.C.Promote competition.D.Raise revenue and protect domestic industries.2.They may help to reduce a balance of payment deficit or to protect an infant industry against strong international competition from older corporations.“Infant ”means_____.A.strong

B.new

C.child

D.manufacturing 3.In the latter case, the quotas are usually combined with a system of exchange control in an attempt to prevent a balance of payment deficit.“The latter case ” refers to ______.A.quotas which are set on imports of a commodity

B.quotas which apply to physical quantities of goods

C.quotas which are based on the total value of imports

D.quotas which provide revenue to the country 4.The final increase due to a tariff may be_______.A.less than the amount of the tariff

B.equal to the amount of the tariff

C.more than the amount of the tariff

D.All of the above 5.According to the passage, which statement is not true ?

A.The best known of non-tariff barriers are quota system.B.The impact of a quota on price is much harder to predict.C.The effects of quota on price are certain with goods which are also produced domestically.D.A revenue tariff will always provide some protection.Cloze.Latin American stocks fell for a second day on Friday in reaction to Asia’s currency and stock market crash.There were fears that the Asian crisis could influence investors in other emerging markets.Argentina and Mexico__1___ the highest falls, with their indexes down by 4% by the__2___ of trading on Friday Brazil’s Bovespa index, which on the same day __3___ by far the steepest plunge in the Americas, was down 2.9%.“ What’s happening in Hong Kong has been a terrible__4___ to the system, ” said Richard Watt, who__5___ 3.5 billion dollars in emerging market investments for BEA Associates in New York.Investors in Brazil were concerned that its economic problems were dangerously__6___ to those that have caused the currency and market plunges in Thailand, Malaysia and other Asian__7___.“ Brazil’s economy is far from __8___ said lan Campbell, chief economist at ABN Amro Bank NV Amsterdam.” Its current account and fiscal __9___ are large and its currency is overvalued.“There’s no help in trying knife, ” said Jane Heap, Latin American stock strategist at Deutsche Morgan Grenfell.“There’s no room for renewal in Brazil until the US and Asia get back to normal.”

There were also concerns that foreign investors who specialize in emerging markets could be forced to sell their shares in Latin America to __10___losses.“ There’s a lot of nervousness about whether investors will put their money out of stocks, because of instability in Asia.” said German Guerrero, chief trader at the Chilean brokerage Celfin SA.Chilean markets were down only slightly in afternoon trading.The Chile selective stock index fell0.72% and the Chile general stock index was down0.64%.1D D B 12 C

Reading1 1 D

B 3 C

A B

B A

A 3 C D C

B

D B

B 8 D

A D

19B 10 B D

Reading 2 1 C

D

A

C 5 B

Cloze.1 B C D A

D B

4.一级复习题有答案 篇四

某综合楼地上29层，地下2层，建筑高度99米，地上一至五层为商场，六层及以上为写字楼，地下一层为超市和设备用房，地下二层为车库，设置了室内外消火栓、火灾自动报警系统，自动喷水灭火系统，防排烟系统，火灾应急照明和疏散指示标志等消防设施。

车库层高4.2米，楼板厚0.2m，建筑面积10000m2，分为三个防火分区，防火分区一和二为普通汽车库，面积均为3750m2，防火分区三为两层式机械汽车库，面积2500m2。每个防火分区均分为两个防烟分区，其中最大的防烟分区面积为1800m2。每个防火分区设置了一套机械排烟设施和一套机械补风设施。

在对防排烟系统年度检查时，检测人员用模拟火灾的方式使防火分区一中防烟分区一内两个感烟火灾探测器动作，消防控制中心收到了探测器的报警信号，该分区内所有排烟口联动开启，但排烟风机未启动。

根据以上材料，回答下列问题：

1.该建筑地下车库的防火分区和防烟划分是否合理，为什么。

2.防火分区一中防烟分区一的面积为1800m2，该防烟分区机械排烟量应为多大?

3.该建筑地下车库排烟设施验收时，防火分区一排烟风机未动作，分析其可能的原因。

4.该车库的机械补风设置有哪些要点?

5.请简述防排烟系统周期性检查维护内容。

答案与解析：

1.该建筑地下车库的防火分区和防烟划分是否合理，为什么。

答案：合理。

(1)地下汽车库防火分区最大允许面积为2000m2，设有自动灭火系统时，其最大允许面积可增加一倍，即4000m2，本案例中为3750 m2，符合要求。

(2)机械式汽车库防火分区最大允许面积应减小35%， 2000m2×(1-35%)=1300m2，地下汽车库防火分区最大允许面积为1300m2，设有自动灭火系统时，其最大允许面积可增加一倍，不应大于2600 m2，本案例中为2500 m2，符合要求。

答案与解析：

1.该建筑地下车库的防火分区和防烟划分是否合理，为什么。

(3)汽车库防烟分区面积不应大于2000 m2，本案例中最大防烟分区面积为1800m2，符合要求。

2.防火分区一中防烟分区一的面积为1800m2，该防烟分区机械排烟量应为多大?

答案：由于汽车库净高度为4.0m，因此其机械排烟量应为31500 m3/h。

注：建筑空间净高位于表中两个高度之间的，按线性插值法取值。

【拓展】如果净高度3.8m，排烟量的计算

【解析】8.2.5 汽车库、修车库内每个防烟分区排烟分机的排烟量不应小于表8.2.5的规定

表8.2.5 汽车库、修车库内每个防烟分区排烟风机的排烟量

注：建筑空间净高位于表中两个高度之间的，按线性插值法取值。――插入法讲解

【拓展】如果净高度3.8m，排烟量的计算

0.8 X-30000

0.2 31500-X

3.该建筑地下车库排烟设施验收时，防火分区一排烟风机未动作，分析其可能的原因。

答案：由于消防控制中心收到了探测器的报警信号，该分区内所有排烟口联动开启，可以排除消防联动控制器故障或处于手动状态，因此可能的原因有：

(1)消防联动控制器与防火分区一机械排烟风机控制柜的连线故障。

(2)防火分区一机械排烟风机控制柜故障或处于手动状态。

(3)防火分区一机械排烟风机故障或没电。

(4)排烟口与防火分区一机械排烟风机控制柜的连线故障。

【解析】

4.该车库的机械补风设置有哪些要点?

答案：

(1)机械补风量应为机械排烟量的50%。

(2)机械补风口风速不应大于10m/s。

(3)补风机可以采用轴流风机或中、低压离心风机，补风系统应与排烟系统联动开闭。

5.请简述防排烟系统周期性检查维护内容。

(1)每月检查防排烟风机，手动或自动试运转;检查挡烟垂壁以及排烟窗，手动或自动启动复位。

(2)半年检查防火阀、排烟防火阀、送风阀(口)以及排烟阀(口)，手动或自动启动复位实验。

(3)每年对所安装的全部防排烟系统进行1次联动试验和性能检测。

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