考研英语二翻译模拟题（共8篇）
1.考研英语二翻译模拟题 篇一
中国是世界上最古老的文明之一，有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。中国在夏朝时开始进入了文明时代，创造了辉煌的科技和文化。指南针、火药、造纸术、印刷术是中国古代的四大发明，对世界文明和人类的进步做出了极大的贡献。中国的丝绸之路(the Silk Road)―世界上最古老的贸易通道―极大地促进了东西方文化的交流。长城、京杭大运河(grand canal)被誉为世界工程奇迹。此外，中国有着丰富多彩的传统文化和民间艺术，例如京剧、剪纸、风筝、刺绣(embroidery)、皮影戏(shadow play)等。
参考译文
As one of the oldest civilizations of the world, China has a long history and brilliant culture. After entering the era of civilization in the Xia Dynasty, China created glorious science and culture. The compass, gunpowder, paper-making and printing are considered to be the four great inventions of ancient China, which have contributed immensely to the civilization of the world and the progress of mankind. The Silk Road of China, the oldest trade route in the world, largely promoted the cultural exchange between the East and the West. The Great Wall and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal are honored as the engineering wonders in the world. Besides, China has colorful traditional culture and folk arts such as Beijing Opera, paper-cutting, kite, embroidery and shadow play.
解析
1.第一个句子的主语是“中国”，后面跟着两个并列的谓语“是”和“有着”，翻译时可将“中国有着悠久的历史…”译为主句，将“是…之一”译为“as+名词短语”结构，即as one of the...，放在句首。
2.第二句的主干可理解为“中国创造了…”;将“中国在夏朝时开始进入了文明时代”作为时间状语处理，采用“after+动名词”结构来表达，译为After entering the era of civilization in the Xia Dynasty。
3.翻译“指南针、火药、造纸术、印刷术是…”这句话时，可使用which引导的非限制性定语从句来说明四大发明的贡献。
4.翻译“长城、京杭大运河被誉为世界工程奇迹”时需使用被动语态，“被誉为…”可译作be honored as..., be praised as...,be known as...。
2.考研英语二翻译模拟题 篇二
第一部分听力
( 略)
第二部分阅读理解 ( 共两节,满分40分)
第一节( 共15小题; 每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项( A、B、C和D) 中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Researchers in Hungary have confirmedsomething many dog owners have long suspected:that canines understand our feelings.
Using a Magnetic Resonance Scanner, orMRI,scientists found that when it comes to emotions,dogs' brains are similar to those of humans.
Dogs are usually not relaxed in a lab environment,but with a little petting and lots of treatsthey can be trained to sit still even in an MRIscanner. That's how researchers in Hungary'sELTE University were able to get images of theirbrains at work.
Research fellow Attila Andics says it helpedthem better understand the dogs' relationship withhumans.
“We have known for a long time that dogsand humans share similar social environment,but now our results show that dogs and humans alsohave similar brain mechanisms to process socialinformation,”said Andics.
After training 11 dogs to stay motionlesswhile their brains were scanned,the researcherschecked their neurological responses to about 200emotionally significant sounds,from whining andcrying to playful barking and laughing. They thencompared the responses from human subjects.They found striking similarities. Andics says itopens new possibilities for research.
“It establishes a foundation of a new branchof comparative neuroscience,because until now itwas not possible to measure the brain activities ofa non-primate and the primate brain in a singleexperiment,”said Andics.
The canine mind is also being studied atDuke University,in North Carolina. Co-Directorof the school's Canine Cognition Center, EvanMac Lean,says that the Hungarian results are animportant step forward.
“We've known for a long time that dogs havea lot of behavioral similarities compared to humans. But we don't know anything or very little atleast about whether some of these behaviors arerepresented similarly inside the brain of the dog,so this research is providing a first glimpses towhether these behavioral similarities are underlined by similar neural processes,” said Mac Lean.
And what that tells ordinary dog owners,theHungarian scientists say,is to treat your caninecompanions as friends, not mere animals, because they evidently understand human feelings.
21. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. It illustrates the development of neuroscience.
B. It presents a new biological research.
C. It calls on the public to treat dogs asfriends as they can understand human feelings.
D. It shows how advanced technology andequipment support a research.
22. How does the scientific method workduring the research of dogs?
A. Observation, Experiment, Data collection,Conclusion,Question
B. Observation, Experiment, Data collection,Question,Conclusion
C. Observation,Question,Experiment,Datacollection,Conclusion
D. Question,Observation,Data collection,Experiment,Conclusion
23. It is implied in the sixth paragraph that______.
A. all the responses between the dogs andhumans are the same
B. the Hungarian research would make itpossible for researchers to further study
C. different animals respond to the 200 emotionally significant sounds differently
D. not all the dogs were scanned duringthe research
B
Being a mother is apparently not like it wasin the good old days.
Today's parents yearn for the golden age thattheir own mothers enjoyed in the 1970s and1980s,researchers found.
Mothers have less time to themselves and feelunder greater pressure towork and familylife than the previous generation.
As a result,88 percent said they felt guiltyabout the lack of time they spent with their children.
The survey of 1,000 mothers also found thatmore than a third said they had less time to themselves than their mothers did — just three hours aweek or 26 minutes a day.
And 64 percent said this was because theyfelt they had to go out to work,while nearly athird ( 29 percent) said they were under constantpressure to be the perfect mother, the reportfound.
Other findings showed social networking andparenting websites,as well as technology such asSkype,were important in providing help and support among female communities.
Kate Fox,of the Social Issues Research Centre,which conducted the survey for Procter &Gamble,said“With increasing pressure on mothers to work a ‘double shift ’— to be a perfectmother as well as a wage-earner — support networks are more important than ever. ”
It comes as a separate report examiningchildcare in the leading industrialized nationsfound that working mothers in Britain spend just81 minutes a day caring for their children as a‘primary activity'.
Mothers who stay at home, on the otherhand,manage twice as much time — more thantwo and a half hours — looking after their offspring, accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomic Co-operation and Development.
Critics say the pressure on women to worklong hours,and leave their offspring in the handsof nurseries or childminders,is putting the wellbeing of their children at risk.
The study also reveals that,despite the factthat more and more modern mothers go out towork,the burden of childcare still falls on them— even if their husband is not in work.
A father who is not in work tends to spendjust 63 minutes a day looking after his child — 18minutes less than a mother who goes out to work.
Working fathers spare less than three quarters of an hour with their children.
24. The underlined word “ juggle ” in thethird paragraph most probably means.
A. deal with B. look for
C. fight with D. meet with
25. The working mothers and the motherswho stay at home mainly differ in that.
A. the working mothers spend more time caring for their children
B. the mothers who stay at home spend moretime caring for their children
C. the working mothers and the mothers whostay at home have different attitudes to children
D. the working mothers care more about theirchildren
26. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Motherhood was harder nowadays.
B. It is easier to be a mother than before.
C. Mothers should spend more time with theirchildren.
D. Fathers spend little time looking after theirchildren.
27. What is the tone of the writer?
A. Pessimistic.B. Excited.
C. Objective.D. Sympathetic.
C
About 70 percent of the new diseases thathave infected humans in recent decades havecome from animals. The U. N. Food and Agriculture Organization warn it's getting easier for diseases to make that jump as the population and foodsupply chains grow.
The FAO has released a new reported calledWorld Livestock 2013: Changing Disease Landscapes. It says those landscapes have become“vastly more complicated”by human activity.
“I think that if we continue the state of play,we'll only see more diseases emerge — more natural resources disappear — and more threats to thehuman health into the food chain,” said JuanLubroth,the agency's Chief Veterinary Officer.
He described conditions as the “perfect microbial storm”.
“We have certain issues such as climatechange,particularly humidity and tropical weathers. We have increased globalization,more trafficacross the world. People traveling more, moretrade. We are occupying habitats that previouslywe as humans did not really know those ecologicalniches were occupied by other species. But weare invading them. ”
He said inadequate healthcare systems andsanitation infrastructure( 卫生设施) raise the riskof disease in poor areas. And as populationgrows,livestock production intensifies,which hasits own set of risk factors.
“As we intensify livestock production,wehave created,let's say,a monoculture. By usingantibiotics,for example,as growth promoters orantibiotics without the supervision( 监督) of qualified personnel,we do allow for disease resistantorganisms to go throughout the herd or throughoutthe community. And this can,at the end,affecthuman health,”he said.
Lubroth gave some examples of diseases thathave jumped from animals to humans.
“The origin of the human immunodeficiency( 免疫缺陷) virus,HIV,which causes AIDS,probably had its precursor in something that weknow today to be simian or monkey immunodeficiency virus. And then even more recently,wehave the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome,which is caused by a corona virus,which likelyhas an animal origin. We are at the point in research,which we still are trying to find out whatorigin that is. ”
Other diseases that have emerged from animals over the last five to ten years,he says,include the Nipah and Hendra viruses. These areusually found in bats.
“Probably more familiar to your readers orlisteners will be the H5N1avian influenza,whichin 2003 spread in Southeast Asia. And by 2006was present in over 60 countries and territories,”he said.
The Food and Agriculture Organization iscalling for a holistic approach to meet the growingdisease threat. This involves scientists,researchers and doctors and others from many disciplinesworking together and sharing information.
The report said the holistic approach includesreducing poverty, addressing biological threatsposed by globalization and climate change andbetter safety and health measures in livestock production.
The FAO Chief Veterinary Officer is promoting — what he called — dealing with the diseaseat source. He said that means snuffing out a potential outbreak at a particular location,village ortown before it can spread.
28. How many examples of diseases arementioned in the whole passage?
A. 5. B. 6.
C. 7. D. 8.
29. The last three paragraphs play a role in the whole structure of the passage as______.
A. Recommendation
B. Conclusion
C. Introduction
D. Body
30.We can read this passage on a (an)______.
A. biography
B. fiction
C. science newspaper
D. advertisement
D
Arlene Phillips: My dream is to keep dancing until I'm 80
As one of Britain's best known choreographers( 编舞 ) ,Arlene Phillips has had more thanher fair share of dance floor tumbles. But the onethat still leaves her wincing is the memory of aspectacular fall she suffered 44 years ago while filming a television show with Welsh singer Sir TomJones.
“It's the most excruciating pain I've ever endured,”says Arlene,whoin the1970s when she formed racy dance troupe HotGossip and went on to choreograph West Endshows such as Starlight Express and We Will RockYou. “We were filming the Tom Jones show in1967 at Elstree Studios in north London and theproducers wanted me and another performer,Juliet Prowse,to dance on a table in a kind of stagedfight over Tom,” explains the former Strictlyjudge who lives in London with her partner AngusIon.
“There was a point where Juliet was supposed to push me and I had to jump off the tablebut during the final camera rehearsal the jumpthrew me and because of the way I landed I was inagony. Yet nothing was going to stop me from doing the actual show so I dosed myself with painkillers and carried on but it took me a long timeand many visits to all sorts of physiotherapists( 理疗医师) to recover. ”
Back pain affects 80 percent of the UK population at some point in their lives. Contrary to theold belief that bed rest is the best treatment for theailment,official advice now for treating back painis to keep as active as possible and take a coupleof paracetamol when needed. It is an approachArlene,who has daughters Alana,33,and Abi,22,has always followed. “Throughout my careerI've just worked through any injuries. Howeverbad the pain I've always kept going and it's stillthe same today,”she explains.
Arlene also got severe knee pain. “About 20years ago,I started doing more American jazz andthe newly formed rock jazz style of dancing whichinvolved dropping down on to my knees a lot moreand that's when my knee pain first started. Gradually it increased to the point where I stopped running because I thought I was beating my knees todeath. ”
“When I was choreographing,the bendingdown then jumping back up again really began tohurt. I'm a bit obsessive about cleaning and I noticed that when I got on my hands and knees toclean,the pain in my right knee was worse andbecoming increasingly aggravating ( 加重) . ”Arlene soldiered on without seeking professionaltreatment until she attended a dinner party wherea physiotherapist and osteopath were extolling thevirtues of rose hip for their patients' joint pain.She decided to try it herself,with extraordinaryresults.
Even though she turned 70 last May,Arleneis showing no signs of slowing down. She hasbeen busy in her role as chief choreographer inthe hotly anticipated Monty Python comeback thisJuly. “I truly believe that dancing is keeping mevibrant and young,”she says,“My dream is tocarry on dancing until 80 and beyond. As long asmy mind and body are active,the years may go bybut inside I want to feel that spirit. I want to geton with the life I'm enjoying,keep eating healthily and remain as active as I can and look forwardto a positive future. ”
31. The underlined phrase“shot to fame”in Para 2 means“______”.
A. became famous suddenly
B. made a shot
C. made a fortune
D. began to dance
32. The experience of the Tom Jones show in 1967 shows that______.
A. at that time,Arlene was eager to gain herreputation
B. Arlene's partner was unable to follow herin the dance
C. it was always very difficult and tough tobe a good dancer
D. Arlene was a person with strong will andgreat determination
33. What approach did Arlene follow aftershe got the pain?
A. Arlene followed the official's advice andhad the best treatment.
B. Arlene kept as active as possible andworked through any injuries.
C. Arlene followed the old belief and took acouple of paracetamol.
D. Arlene attended a dinner party to seekprofessional treatment.
34. Which words can best describe Arlene'scharacter?
A. vibrant and young
B. active and positive
C. devoted and kind
D. determined and helpful
35. What is the writer's attitude towards Arlene?
A. He recommends and agrees with Arlene.
B. He opposes and looks down on Arlene.
C. He admires and speaks highly of Arlene.
D. He takes a neutral attitude towards Arlene.
第二节 ( 共5小题; 每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Love Needs No Words
“Can I see my baby?”the happy new motherasked. When the bundle was nestled in her armsand she moved the fold of cloth to look upon histiny face,she gasped. The doctor turned quicklyand looked out the tall hospital window.
The baby had been without ears. Timeproved that the baby's hearing was perfect.When he rushed home from school oneday and flung himself into his mother's arms. Shesighed,knowing that his life was to be a succession of heartbreaks. He blurted out the tragedy,“A boy called me a freak. ”
He grew up,handsome but for his misfortune. A favorite with his fellow students,he mighthave been class president,but for that. He developed a gift,a talent for literature and music. Theboy's father had a session with the family physician. “I believe I could graft on a pair of outerears,if they could be gotten. ” The doctor declared. They searched for a person who couldmake such a great sacrifice for the young man Two years went by.
His father said to the son,“Mother and I have someone who will donate theears you need. But the identity of the donor is asecret. ”It seemed that a new personemerged ( 显露 ) . His talents blossomed intogenius. School and college became a series of triumphs. He married and enter the diplomatic service.
He would ask his father,“Who gave me theears? Who gave me so much? ”He stood withhis father over his mother's casket( 棺木) . Slowly,tenderly,the father stretched forth his hand andraised the thick,reddish-brown hair to reveal thatthe mother had no outer ears.his fatherwhispered gently,“and nobody ever thought motherless beautiful,did they?”
Real beauty lies not in the physical appearance,but in the heart. Real treasure lies not inwhat can be seen,but in what can't be seen. Reallove lies not in what is done and known,but inwhat is done and not known.
A. You're going to the hospital.
B. The years kept their profound secret,butthe day did come.
C. It was only his appearance that themarred.
D. The operation was a brilliant success.
E. Ears are too important for a person.
F. Mother said she was glad she never gother hair cut.
G. Hearing is useful for everyone,especiallyfor the little boy.
第三部分英语知识运用( 共两节,满分45分)
第一节完形填空( 共20小题; 每小题1. 5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项( A、B、C和D) 中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
41. A. muchB. still
C. moreD. even
42. A. definitelyB. particularly
C. speciallyD. consequently
43. A. districtB. section
C. divisionD. piece
44. A. asksB. suggests
C. requests D. commands
45. A. means B. considers
C. mindsD. fancies
46. A. fromB. out
C. intoD. away
47. A. valueB. difference
C. consequence D. respect
48. A. everything B. nothing
C. not D. something
49. A. guidance B. resistance
C. competenceD. significance
50. A. hand outB. give out
C. use upD. run out
51. A. passing byB. passing around
C. passing away D. passing down
52. A. energetic B. average
C. giftedD. experienced
53. A. merelyB. hardly
C. fairlyD. rarely
54. A. progressB. adjustments
C. decisions D. choices
55. A. need to B. have to
C. ought to D. dare to
56. A. remaining B. satisfied
C. natural D. available
57. A. tastes B. flavors
C. dishes D. features
58. A. what B. where
C. howD. when
59. A. shareB. meaning
C. special D. difference
60. A. whichever B. whatever
C. wheneverD. however
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分英语知识运用( 共两节,满分45分)
第二节 ( 共10小题; 每小题1. 5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容( 不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。
A: Hello? This is Smith.
B: Oh,Mr. Smith,my name is Mary Miller. I'm a friend of Mike Black.
A: Oh,yes?
B: When I told Mike Icome ) tolive here,he gave me your name,and suggestedthat I( give) you a ring. I was wonderingyou could give me some advice.
A: I'll be pleased to do so. What can I dofor you?
B: Well,I'm looking for a place to live.Mike thought thatyou're an estate agent,youknow of something suitable.
A: Yes,I think I can give you somesuggest) . Why don't you come round and seeme? Do you knowmy office is?
B: Yes. I've got the address.
A: Good. Where are you now?
B: I' m at the post office.
A: Well,that's just a few stopsmy office. You canNo. 11 Bus. Come roundand see me now.
B: Oh,is very kind of you. Thankyou so much.
A: Not at all.
第四部分写作( 共两节,满分35分)
第一节短文改错 ( 共10小题; 每小题1分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅 涉及一个 单词的增 加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号( ∧) ,并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线( ) 划掉。
修改: 在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者( 从第11处起)不计分。
On May 8th, students in No. 2 middleschool did plenty of interested things to celebrateMother's Day. At the beginning of the activity,they organize a competition in which the one whomade most meaningful gifts would win.
Apart from it,students wrote letters to express thank to their parents,but someone is tooshy to do so. When hear “I love you”,parentslooked at their children mildly. They are deepmoved,most of them were with tears in theireyes.
This wonderful activity gives them the greatopportunity to care about our parents. And it is agood chance to do something in return of love ofparents. Most of the students enjoy taking part it.
第二节书面表达 ( 满分25分)
每个人的心底都有属于自己的梦想。当每个人的梦想都聚集在一起的时候,就聚成了一个强大的中国梦。那么你的人生梦想是什么?请以“My dream”为题撰写一篇100 ~ 120个词的短文,阐述你的看法。要点如下:
1. 你的梦想;
2. 你现在付出的努力;
3. 你的感悟。
注意: 短文的开头已给出( 不计词数) 。
The dream as long as can be lasting,can become a reality. My dream is to______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2015年高考英语模拟试题( 二) 参考答案
第一部分听力
( 略)
第二部分阅读理解
第一节
A
【语篇导读】研究报告。本文描述了匈牙利科学家所发现的有关狗懂人的感情的相关研究。
21. B。主旨概括题。这篇文章全文重在描述科学家的研究和该研究的意义。
22. C。推理判断题。题干的要点是duringthe research。第二、三两段主要是在observation,question。第六段主要是experiment,datacollection,conclusion。
23. B。推理判断题。A项太绝对了,原文只有“They found striking similarities”。C项在第6段没有提到,属于无中生有。D项文章中说“Aftertraining 11 dogs to stay motionless while their brainswere scanned”,所以D也不正确。B项可以从“itopens new possibilities for research”推得。
B
【语篇导读】现代的母亲和过去的母亲有着明显的区别,她们不仅要照看孩子,还要外出工作赚钱,面对着更大的压力。
24. A。词义猜测题。根据第三段可知,现代的母亲面对着处理工作的巨大压力,此处“juggle”表示“应对,处理”。
25. B。细节理解题。根据第九、十两段可知,全职母亲能够花更多的时间在孩子身上。
26. A。主旨大意题。根据第一段总起句和整篇文章可以得出主题为A。
27. C。推理判断题。整篇文章客观地描述了当代母亲面临着巨大的压力,并列举了一系列数据,故选C。
C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇研究报告,描述的是动物身上的疾病是怎样传播给人类的。
28. B。事实细节题。由human immunodeficiency virus HIV,monkey immunodeficiency virus, corona virus, the H5N1avian influenza,Nipah and Hendra viruses. 可知选B。
29. A。推理判断题。最后三段主要在号召我们如何去做,从call on,promote几个词也可以看出。Recommendation是“推荐,建议”的意思
30. C。推理判断题。根据文章可知选C。
D
【语篇导读】Arlene Phillips是一位著名的舞蹈家和编舞创作者。虽然在她的舞蹈生涯中,遭受了很多伤痛,但她依旧不改初衷,积极面对,宣称要一直跳舞到80岁。
31. A。词义猜测题。根 据下文的“sheformed racy dance troupe Hot Gossip and went onto choreograph West End shows such as StarlightExpress”可知,她通过参加这些比赛和节目开始成名。
32. D。推理判断题。根 据第三段 中的“Yet nothing was going to stop me from doing theactual show”可以推断出Arlene受伤后仍坚持带伤表演,具有坚强的意志和决心。
33. B。细节理 解题。根据 第四段中 的“official advice now for treating back pain is tokeep as active as possible andThroughout mycareer I've just worked through any injuries”可知,答案为B。
34. B。推理判断题。根据全文的叙述尤其是最后一段的描述可知,Arlene是“active”“positive”“determined”,但是文中并没有提到“helpful”,故选B。
35. C。观点态度题。从整篇文章的描述来看,作者对Arlene应该是欣赏的,故选C。
第二节
【语篇导读】世界上最伟大、最无私的爱就是父母亲对孩子的爱,这种爱不需要用语言来表达,父母只会用他们的实际行动默默付出。
36. C。根据上句可知,孩子的听力没有受到影响,只是耳朵的外形异于常人,故选C。
37. A。根据父亲的话可知,“找到捐献者了,可以去医院做手术了”,故答案为A。
38. D。根据下文“It seemed that a newperson emerged”可知,手术成功 了,故答案为D。
39. B。根据上下文前后呼应,这个秘密一直保持到母亲去世的那一天,故答案为B。
40. F。根据下文“and nobody ever thoughtmother less beautiful,did they”可知,母亲一直用头发遮住耳朵的部位,故答案为F。
第三部分英语知识运用
第一节完形填空
【语篇导读】文章从超市里两位个性、工作完全不同的女性朋友的对话开始,谈及美国饮食文化的特点。
41. C。根据文章第一段的细节描写,可以看出这两位女士应该是完全不一样的两种人,否定加比较表示最高级,在这里表示完全不一样。
42. B。家务活,尤其是厨房里的一些活,无趣得很。particularly表示“尤其是”。
43. B。根据意思,这里应该是指两个人停在了卖冷冻食品的专柜区。
44. B。根据后面的“what about?”可知,应该选suggest。
45. A。这句话的意思是“美国的烹调意味着把……扔进……”。mean to do表示“意味着做某事”。
46. C。“应该把东西扔进微波炉”,所以用into。
47. A。根据上下文,这句话的意思应该是“很多美国 人开始认 识到烹饪 技术的价 值所在。”
48. B。大部分美国人都承认家里的饭菜是最好的。nothing better否定加比较级表示最高级。
49. A。词义辨析题。对于那些在烹饪上需要指导的人来说……
50. D。这句话的意思应该是“对于那些想不出主意的人来说”,所以选run out of sth。
51. B。这里指朋友们互相传递他们最喜欢的菜谱。
52. D。根据上下文可知,这里应该是“对于有经验的厨师来说”。
53. A。根据上下文可知,“食谱只是参考点”。
54. B。由下文提示可知,应根据需要服务的人的数量做出调整,故选B。
55. A。这里是指需要服务的人,所以用need to do。
56. D。available用来修饰the ingredients,they have这里是定语从句,available“可利用的,可得到的”经常做后置定语。
57. B。根据上文“加些这、加些那来做出合适的味道”,可知选B。
58. D。When it comes to“当谈到……的时候”。
59. A。这句话的意思是说“每种文化和每个国家都有自己的一些美味佳肴。”
60. B。Whatever = no matter what ,在这里是说“无论方言是什么”所以选B。
第二节
61. coming to。过去将来时,表示即将来这里居住。
62. ( should ) give。考查suggest的用法,suggest sb. ( should) do。
63. whether / if。引导宾语从句,句意为“我想知道你是否可以给我一些建议”。
64. as / since。引导原因状语从句,表示原因可用as或since。
65. may / might。考查情态动词的用法,句意为“作为房产经纪,你可能会知道一些合适的房源”。
66. suggestions。考查名词复数,表示“给一些建议”。
67. where。句意为: 你知道我的办公室在哪吗?
68. from。句意为: 那儿离我的办公室只有几站路。
69. take。“坐公共汽车”动词用take。
70. It。It在句中做形式主语。
第四部分写作
第一节短文改错
第1处: 第一句中的interested→interesting。考查形容词的用法。
第2处: 第二句中的organize→organized。考查动词时态。
第3处: 第三句中的thank→thanks。考查名词单复数。
第4处: 第四句中的hear→hearing。考查非谓语动词。
第5处: 第五句中的deep→deeply。考查形容词和副词的用法。用来修饰动词move,故用副词deeply。
第6处: 第五句中的them→whom。考查定语从句。
第7处: 第六句中的the→a。考查冠词的用法。表示这是一次很好的机会,不用特指。
第8处: 第六句中的our→their。考查人称代词,前后保持一致。
第9处: 第七句中的of→for。考查固定词组搭配in return for。
第10处: 第八句中的take part后面加in。考查介词的用法,take part in表示参加某项具体的活动。
第二节书面表达
One possible version:
The dream as long as can be lasting,can become a reality. My dream is to be a lawyer.
As I know,an abundant knowledge is a necessity for a lawyer,so I study hard to build a solid foundation. Besides,every chance has beenmade full use of to improve my oral ability. Moreover,to enrich my practical experience,I alwaysgo online to watch the real cases.
3.2008中考英语模拟试题(二) 篇三
Ⅰ. 词汇(每小题1分，共10分)
(一) 根据句子意思，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. That____ (sound) quite a good idea. I will join you in the work.
2. They were____ (amaze) at the little girl’s beautiful song.
3. I’m____ (think) about how to answer this question. It’s a little difficult.
4. There is a____ (fly) at 9：55 on the morning of November 14th.
5. Could you tell me____ (who) we are going to see？
(二) 选出与所给句子画线部分意义相同或相近的选项。
6. I haven’t heard from my sister since last year.
A. met with B. heard about
C. got news from D. received any letter from
7. The nurse looked after the sick people very well.
A. cared of B. took care
C. took care of D. took good care of
8. —The fridge in the middle is nice.
—I think so. But it costs too much.
A. is too expensive B. is very popular
C. is too heavy D. is quite cheap
9. The shop is closed at this time of day.
A. found B. not open C. shown D. broken
10. Stop talking. The teacher is coming.
A. Be quiet B. Go on talking
C. Please talk D. Let’s talk
Ⅱ. 选择填空(每小题1分，共15分)
11. My uncle is____ honest man. He works in____ university. He is good at playing____ violin.
A. a； an； the B. a； a； ×
C. an； a； theD. a； the； ×
12. Lucy has a pear in one hand and a knife in____ .
A. other B. the other C. another D. others
13. Jim’s parents are____ doctors. They are busy____ on a patient now.
A. all； operate B. both； operating
C. both； to operate D. all； operating
14. —May I____ your dictionary？
—Sorry，I’ve____ it to Mary.
A. lend； lent B. borrow； borrowed
C. borrow； lent D. lend； borrowed
15. I heard he____ before. He knows a lot about that city.
A. had gone to New YorkB. had been to New York
C. has gone to New YorkD. has been to New York
16. After____ ，they stopped to have a rest.
A. some time B. sometime
C. some times D. sometimes
17. Don’t get on or get off the bus until it____ .
A. stop B. has stopped
C. is stopping D. won’t stop
18. Do you know____ at this time yesterday？
A. who are they waiting B. who they are waiting for
C. who are they waiting for D. who they were waiting for
19. I saw him____ the train just now.
A. get into B. get off
C. get out of D. get down
20. How can you____ if you are not____ ？
A. hear； listening B. listen； heard
C. hear about； listening D. heard； listen
21. I met Li Ding on my way home yesterday. But I didn’t____ to her，because she____ to an old woman there.
A. say； was talking B. talk； was telling
C. speak； was talking D. speak； was saying
22. She____ a piano concert if she____ free next week.
A. will give； will be B. is going to give； was
C. will give； is D. gives； will be
23. I don’t know when she____ . But when she____ ，I____ you know.
A. comes； will come； let B. will come； comes； shall let
C. will come； comes； let D. comes； comes； let
24. There are____ students in our school.
A. two thousand three hundred fifty-five
B. two thousands three hundreds an fifty-five
C. two thousands and three hundred and fifty five
D. two thousand three hundred and fifty-five
25. Mr Smith said he____ to Beijing twice.
A. has been B. had been
C. has gone D. had gone
Ⅲ. 句型转换 按括号内的要求改写下列句子。(每小题1分，共5分)
26. Wei Fang does her homework after school. (改为否定句)
Wei Fang_____ _____her homework after school.
27. Mike has never been to Paris. (改为反意疑问句)
Mike has never been to Paris，____ ____ ？
28. The teacher asked Mike，“Does he like swimming？” (改为间接引语)
The teacher asked Mike____ he____ swimming.
29. Mr Brown has lived in London for ten years. (对画线部分提问)
_____ ____ _____Mr Brown____ in London？
30. He was too tired to work extra hours in the office. (改为复合句)
He was____ tired____ he____ work extra hours in the office.
Ⅳ. 口语应用(每小题1分，共20分)
(一) 从Ⅱ栏中选出能回答Ⅰ栏中问题的正确答句。
ⅠⅡ
31. Has Lucy ever gone scuba diving？A. No，I haven’t.
32. Have you ever been to the USA？B. To visit their teacher.
33. What’s happened to you？C. No，but she’d like to go one day.
34. Is anybody hurt？D. Five weeks ago.
35. What have they gone there for？E. Yes，they are OK.
F. I’ve had an accident.
G. No. They are OK.
(二) 从方框中选出正确的句子填空，使对话意思完整。
A：Look，Jack.__36__
B：We planted a lot of young trees.
A：Oh，I see.__37__
B：Yes.__38__
A：Is supper ready，Mum？__39__
B：__40__Then we can have supper.
A. Your clothes are dirty.
B. It is very hot there，isn’t it？
C. We planted trees along the West Lake.
D. What was the weather like there？
E. Wash your hands and take a rest.
F. Today is the Tree-planting Day.
G. I’m hungry.
(三) 在下列对话的每个空白处填上一个词，使对话完整、正确。
A：Hello！ Can I__41__to the manager，please？
B：__42__a moment，please. I’m sorry he isn’t here just now. May I help you？
A：That’s very kind__43__you，but I want to speak to him about our business plan. I would like__44__see him as__45__as possible，please.
B：Are you free later today？
A：Sorry. I’m very__46__today.
B：Will you come tomorrow？
A：I think so.__47__ 48__？
B：Between 9：00__49__10：00.
A：Yes，that would be fine.
B：I’ll__50__a message on his desk.
A：Thank you very much. Goodbye！
B：Goodbye！
Ⅴ. 完形填空(每小题1分，共10分)
Someone says，“ Time is money. ” But I think time is__51__important than money. Why？Because when money is spent，we can get it back. But，when time is gone，it’ll never__52__. This is__53__we mustn’t waste time.
It goes without saying that__54__is usually limited.__55__a second is very important. We should make full use of our time to do__56__.
But it is a pity that there are a lot of people who do not know the importance of time. They spent their limited time smoking，drinking and
57__. They do not know that wasting time means wasting part of their own__58__. In a word，we should save time，we shouldn’t__59__today’s work for tomorrow. Remember we have no time to__60__.
51. A. much B. less
C. much less D. much more
52. A. return B. carry C. get D. bring
53. A. what B. because C. why D. so
54. A. money B. time C. day D. food
55. A. Every B. Even C. In D. Since
56. A. nothing useful B. useful anything
C. something useful D. useful everything
70. What do you think of Tom’s letter of thanks？
A. It was too soon. B. It was too early.
C. It was too slow. D. It was too late.
(B)
A man in a very famous restaurant started to take off his jacket. As soon as he saw this，the head waiter rushed over to his table and said，“I’m afraid I must ask you to keep your jacket on，sir，because it is not good manners to do it in such a nice restaurant.”
“Now，listen，” said the man. “ I will let you know that the Queen of England gave me permission(许可) to take off my jacket here.”
“The Queen of England？” said the waiter in great surprise.
“Sure，” replied the man. “ When I was in England last month，a friend of mine took me to see the Queen. It was quite hot，so I started to take my coat off. The Queen looked over and said，‘You may do that in the United States，but you may not do it here.’ So I got the Queen’s permission，right？”
71. It is certain that the story happened____ .
A. in England B. in the Queen’s place
C. in the USA D. in an ordinary restaurant
72. When the head waiter asked the man not to take off his jacket，the man____ .
A. took his advice immediately
B. obeyed him without saying anything
C. apologized for his bad manners
D. refused to listen to him
73. The man told the waiter that he could take off his jacket because
____.
A. the Queen of England let him do so in the USA
B. the weather was so hot that no one could wear a thick jacket
C. he was free to take off his clothes anywhere
D. he was in such an unknown restaurant
74. What the Queen really meant was that____ .
A. people in the USA were less polite
B. he shouldn’t take off his coat on such a formal occasion(正式场合) in England
C. she let him take off his jacket in America
D. the English and the American enjoyed different ways of life
75. From the story we can know that____ .
A. the Queen invited the man to have dinner with her in a famous restaurant
B. the man went to see the Queen of England with his friend last month
C. the man’s friend made an apology to the head waiter
D. the head waiter was always ready to do what the Queen told him to
Ⅶ. 书面表达(20分)
Miss Zhou了解到卫华发生车祸的过程后，在班上组织了一次有关交通安全注意事项的讨论。你联系生活实际参与了讨论。请把你的意见整理一下，写成一篇80个词左右的短文。
1. 内容要求：(1) 步行时的安全事项； (2) 骑自行车时的安全事项； (3) 乘公交汽车时的安全事项。
2. 参考词汇：pavement人行道； handle bar自行车把手； watch ahead向前看
Key：
1. sounds 2. amazed 3. thinking 4. flight 5. whom 6-10 DDABA
11-15 CBBCB 16-20 ABDBA 21-25 CCBDB 26. doesn’t do
27. has he 28. if，liked 29. How long has，lived 30. so，that，couldn’t
31-35 CAFGB 36-40 AFCGE 41. speak 42. Wait/Just 43. of 44. to
45. soon 46. busy 47. What 48. time 49. and 50. leave
51-55 DACBB 56-60 CCBDA 61-65 TFFTT 66-70 BACAD
71-75 CDABB
Ⅶ. 书面表达(One possible version)：
4.有翻译的优秀英语作文模拟高考 篇四
对朋友的祝贺My Congratulation to My Friend
Since we go to school, my friend and I are fighting for our future college, we want to go to our dreaming college, so we work so hard. After three years’ fighting, we finally come to the graduate season, I get my college’s reception, I am so happy, my friend also gets what she wants, all of us have realized our dreams. As her best friend, I am so happy for her, so I want to show my congratulation to her. I decide to buy her a present, so I go to shopping. I have no idea what to buy, my mother suggests me to buy her a pen, I think it is a good idea. I buy a pen with the picture that she loves, I give this present to her, she is very happy and she says she likes it very much. I wish her the best in her college life.
打从我们上学起，我的朋友和我就为了我们将来的大学在奋斗，我们想要个梦想中的大学，因此我们很努力学习。经过了3年的学习，我们最终来到了毕业季，我接到了大学的录取通知，很开心，我的朋友也得到了她想要的，我们都实现了自己的梦想。作为她最好的朋友，我为她感到高兴，所以我想要向她展示我的祝贺。我决定给她买礼物，我去购物，但是不知道买什么，我的妈妈建议我给她买一只笔，我觉得这是个好主意。我买了一只带有她喜欢的图案的笔，我把礼物给了她，她很高兴，并且说很喜欢。我祝愿她的大学生活一切顺利。
5.考研英语二翻译题技巧 篇五
一.增译法
指根据英汉 两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无 主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主 句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使 用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情 况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需 要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完 整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。
二.省译法
这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。
三.转换法
指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和 语态等进行转换。具体的说，就是在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子 成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面，把并列句变成复合句，把 复合句变成并列句，把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面，可以把主动语态变为被动语态。
四.拆句法和合并法
6.五年级英语下册第二单元模拟题 篇六
一、排序
1、Whatchoresdoyouhavetodo?
()2、Sure!
()3、Ihavetosw eepthefloorandlookaftermydog.
()4、Everyday.CanweplaytogetheronSunday?
()5、Canyougoroll er-skatingwithmeafterschooltoday?
()6、Howoftendoyoudothesethings?
()7、Sorry,Ican’t.Ihavetogohomeanddomychores.
二、选出合适动词的序号
A、finishB、setC、practice
D、sweepE、doF、takeout
G、cleanH、makeI、study
thetablethelivingroom
thefloorthebed
theartprojectthepiano
foratestchores
thegarbage
三、按要求写单词
1、have(第三人称单数)2、can’t(完全形式)
3、we(物主代词)4、class(复数)
5、tall(反义词)6、good|(比较级)
7、they(宾格)8、pretty(最高级)
7.考研英语二翻译模拟题 篇七
一、选择题 (本题共8小题.在每小题给出的四个选项中, 至少有一个选项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分, 选对但不全的得3分, 有选错的得0分.)
1.物理学家通过艰辛的实验和理论研究探究自然规律, 为人类的科学发展做出了巨大贡献, 值得我们敬仰.下列描述中符合物理学史实的是 ()
A.伽利略通过在“理想斜面实验”的基础上得出了自由落体运动的规律
B.第谷发现了行星运动三定律, 从而提出了日心学说
C.安培发现了电流的磁效应并提出了分子电流假说
D.牛顿提出物体具有保持原来运动状态的性质
2.如图所示, 斜劈静止在水平地面上, 有一物体沿斜劈表面向下运动, 重力做的功与克服力F做的功相等.则下列判断中正确的是 ()
A.物体可能加速下滑
B.物体可能受三个力作用, 且合力为零
C.斜劈受到地面的摩擦力方向一定水平向左
D.撤去F后斜劈一定受到地面的摩擦力
3.美国宇航局2011年12月5日宣布, 他们发现了太阳系外第一颗类似地球的、可适合居住的行星———“开普勒—226”, 其直径约为地球的2.4倍.至今其确切质量和表面成分仍不清楚, 假设该行星的密度和地球相当, 根据以上信息.估算该行星的第一宇宙速度等于 ()
4.如图所示, 电荷q均匀分布在半球面上, 球面的半径为R, CD为通过半球顶点C与球心O的轴线.M、N为CD轴上在O点两侧, 离O点距离相等的两点.如果已知带电量为Q的均匀带电球壳, 其内部电场强度处处为零, 电势都相等.则下列判断正确的是 ()
A.M点的电势与N点的电势相等
B.M点的电场强度与N点的电场强度相等
C.在M点释放静止带正电的微粒 (重力不计) , 微粒将做匀加速直线运动
D.带正电的微粒在O点的电势能为零
5.如图所示, 接在照明电路中的自耦变压器的副线圈上通过输电线接有三个灯泡L1、L2和L3, 输电线的等效电阻为R.当滑动触头P向上移动一段距离后, 下列说法正确的是 ()
A.等效电阻R上消耗的功率变小
B.三个灯泡都变暗
C.原线圈两端的输入电压增大
D.原线圈中电流表示数减小
6.不同材料之间的动摩擦因数是不同的, 例如木与木的动摩擦因数是0.30, 木与金属之间的动摩擦因数是0.20.现分别用木与金属制作成多个形状一样, 粗糙程度一样的长方体.选择其中两个长方体A与B, 将它们叠放在木制的水平桌面上.如图所示, 如果A叠放在B上, 用一个水平拉力作用在B上, 当拉力大小为F1时, A、B两物体恰好要分开运动.如果B叠放在A上, 当拉力大小为F2时, A、B两物体恰好要分开运动.则下列分析正确的是 ()
A.如果F1>F2, 可确定A的材料是木, B的材料是金属
B.如果F1<F2, 可确定A的材料是木, B的材料是金属
C.如果F1=F2, 可确定A、B是同种材料
D.不管A、B材料如何, 一定满足F1=F2
7.边长为L的正方形线框abcd电阻为R, 以速度v匀速进入边长为L的正方形区域, 该区域中磁场方向如图所示, 磁感应强度大小均为B, 则线框进入过程中 ()
A.线框中产生的感应电流方向不变
8.如图所示, 一根轻质弹簧一端固定在一倾角为θ的光滑斜面底端的挡板上, 另一端与一带正电的小球相连, 小球在斜面上运动.在物体由C点运动到D点 (C、D两点未在图上标出) 的过程中, 弹簧的弹性势能增加了4.0J, 物体的重力势能减小了7.0J, 则在这段过程中 (弹簧不超过弹性限度) ()
A.当弹簧的弹力等于mgsinθ时, 小球动能最大
B.当小球的速率等于零时, 系统的机械能一定最大
C.从C点到D点动能增量大于3J
D.从C点到D点动能增量等于3J
二、实验题
9. (5分) 某同学要进行“探究小车速度随时间变化的规律”实验.
(1) 请在下面列出的实验器材中, 选出本实验中不需要的器材填在横线上 (填编号) :____________.
(1) 打点计时器; (2) 天平; (3) 低压交流电源; (4) 低压直流电源; (5) 细绳和纸带; (6) 钩码和小车; (7) 秒表; (8) 一端有滑轮的长木板; (9) 刻度尺.
(2) 某同学利用打点计时器所记录的纸带来研究做匀变速直线运动小车的运动情况, 实验中获得一条纸带, 如下图所示, 其中两相邻计数点间有四个点未画出.已知所用电源的频率为50Hz, 则打A点时小车运动的速度vA=___________m/s, 小车运动的加速度a=___________m/s2. (结果要求保留三位有效数字)
10. (10分) 如下图所示的电路中, 直径为D的圆环是用粗细均匀的电阻丝制成的, 其阻值为R, 图中A, B, …H为圆环的等分点, A点固定, P为滑片, 且滑片P能沿圆环滑动, 并保持良好的接触, 电源电动势为E, 内阻不计.当闭合电键S后, 滑片P沿圆环顺时针滑动时, 图中各表的示数会发生变化.甲、乙两同学按此电路图, 分别做实验, 并记下当滑片P在某些位置时各电表的示数.
根据上述实验数据, 回答下列问题:
(1) 根据表1中的实验数据, 请通过计算, 分析完成表1中“位置A”下的空格.I=_____A;U1=_____V;U2=________V.
(2) 根据表1、表2中的实验数据, 请通过比较、分析来说明甲、乙两同学测得的实验数据不同的原因:________.
(3) 根据 (2) 中的分析, 请思考:当滑片P滑到G、A之间位置X时, 则表2中“位置X”下的空格可能的数据 (即各电表的示数) 分别是 ()
三、计算题
11. (14分) 质量为m=0.5kg、可视为质点的小滑块, 从光滑斜面上高h0=0.6m的A点由静止开始自由滑下.已知斜面AB与水平面BC在B处通过一小圆弧光滑连接.长为x0=0.5m的水平面BC与滑块之间的动摩擦因数μ=0.3, C点右侧有4级台阶 (台阶编号如下图所示) , D点右侧是足够长的水平面.每级台阶的高度均为h=0.2m, 宽均为L=0.4m. (设滑块从C点滑出后与地面或台阶碰撞后不再弹起) .求:
(1) 滑块经过B点时的速度vB;
(2) 滑块从B点运动到C点所经历的时间tBC;
(3) 小球从C点抛出后直接落在P点, P点在哪个台阶上?平抛运动的时间t及水平距离xCP分别是多少?
12. (18分) 如图甲所示, 两光滑导轨都由水平、倾斜两部分圆滑对接而成, 相互平行放置, 两导轨相距L=1m, 倾斜导轨与水平面成θ=30°角, 倾斜导轨的下面部分处在一垂直斜面的匀强磁场区Ⅰ中, Ⅰ区中磁场的磁感应强度B1随时间变化的规律如图乙所示, 图中t1、t2未知.水平导轨足够长, 其左端接有理想电流表G和定值电阻R=3Ω, 水平导轨处在一竖直向上的匀强磁场区Ⅱ中, Ⅱ区中的磁场恒定不变, 磁感应强度大小为B2=1T, 在t=0时刻, 从斜轨上磁场Ⅰ区外某处垂直于导轨水平释放一金属棒ab, 棒的质量m=0.1kg, 电阻r=2Ω, 棒下滑时与导轨保持良好接触, 棒由倾斜导轨滑向水平导轨时无机械能损失, 导轨的电阻不计.若棒在斜面上向下滑动的整个过程中, 电流表G的示数大小保持不变, t2时刻进入水平轨道, 立刻对棒施一平行于框架平面沿水平方向且与杆垂直的外力. (g取10m/s2) 求:
(1) ab棒进入磁场区Ⅰ时的速度v;
(2) 磁场区Ⅰ在沿斜轨方向上的宽度d;
(3) 棒从开始运动到刚好进入水平轨道这段时间内ab棒上产生的热量;
(4) 若棒在t2时刻进入水平导轨后, 电流表G的电流大小I随时间t变化的关系如图丙所示 (I0未知) , 已知t2到t3的时间为0.5s, t3到t4的时间为1s, 请在图丁中作出t2到t4时间内外力大小F随时间t变化的函数图象. (以俯视时逆时针方向为电流的正方向)
四、选做题
13.【物理选修3-3模块】 (15分)
(1) (6分) 下列说法正确的是___________.
A.一定质量的气体, 保持温度不变, 压强随体积增大而减小的微观原因是:单位体积内的分子数减小
B.用活塞压缩气缸里的空气, 对空气做功2.0×105J, 同时空气的内能增加了1.5×105J, 则空气放出热量0.5×105J
C.物体的温度为0℃时, 物体分子的平均动能为零
D.根据热力学第二定律可知热量能够从高温物体传到低温物体, 但不可能从低温物体传到高温物体
E.物体从外界吸收热量温度不一定升高
(2) (9分) 如图所示, 一直立的汽缸用一质量为m的活塞封闭一定量的理想气体, 活塞横截面积为S, 厚度不计, 汽缸内壁光滑且缸壁是导热的, 周围环境温度保持不变.开始活塞被固定在A处, 打开固定螺栓K, 活塞向下移动, 经过足够长时间后, 活塞停在B点, 已知AB=h, B处到汽缸底的距离为2h, 大气压强为p0, 重力加速度为g.求:
(1) 活塞被固定在A处时, 缸内气体的压强;
(2) 整个过程中, 缸内气体是吸热还是放热, 简要说明理由.
14.【物理选修3-4模块】 (15分)
(1) (5分) 图甲为一列简谐横波在t=0.05s时刻的波形图, 图乙为质点P的振动图象, 则下列说法正确的是 ()
A.t=0.3s时, 质点Q距平衡位置的距离大于质点P距平衡位置的距离
B.t=0.25s时, 质点Q的加速度大于质点P的加速度
C.波沿x轴的负方向传播
D.t=0.1s时, 质点Q的运动方向沿y轴正方向
(1) 透明体的折射率;
(2) 此单色光在透明球体中的波长.
15.【物理选修3-5模块】 (15分)
(1) (5分) 已知金属钙的逸出功为2.7eV, 氢原子的能级图如图所示, 一群氢原子处于量子数n=4能级状态, 则 ()
A.氢原子可能辐射6种频率的光子
B.氢原子可能辐射5种频率的光子
C.有3种频率的辐射光子能使钙发生光电效应
D.有4种频率的辐射光子能使钙发生光电效应
(2) (10分) 如图, 质量为m的b球用长h的细绳悬挂于水平轨道BC的出口C处.质量也为m的小球a, 从距BC高h的A处由静止释放, 沿ABC光滑轨道滑下, 在C处与b球正碰并与b粘在一起.已知BC轨道距地面有一定的高度, 悬挂b球的细绳能承受的最大拉力为2.8mg.试问:
(1) a与b球碰前瞬间的速度多大?
(2) a、b两球碰后, 细绳是否会断裂? (要求通过计算回答)
2014年高考物理模拟训练 (二) 参考答案
1.【答案】D
2.【答案】B
【解析】本题考查动能定理和物体平衡条件的应用.据动能定理可知物体在沿斜面向下运功的过程中可能做匀速直线运动也可能做匀减速直线远动.若匀速向下运动, 物体只受重力、拉力和斜面的支持力, 且合力为零, 选项B正确.若做匀减速运动, 物体必然受到摩擦力作用, 显然选项A错.物体匀速运动时斜劈受到的静摩擦力向左, 物体做匀减速运动时斜劈受到地面的摩擦力可能为零, 选项C错.撤去F后物体匀速向下运动, 则斜面不会受到地面的静摩擦力, 选项D错.
3.【答案】D
4.【答案】B
【解析】本题考查的是半球面的静电场问题.带电量为Q的均匀带电球壳, 其内部电场强度处处为零, 左半球面在M、N点的场强与右半球面在两个点的场强大小相等方向相反, M、N点关于O点对称, 则左或右球面在M点的电场强度与N点的场强相等, 从M到N场强先增大后减小, 选项B正确;如果是整个球面, 在M、N的电势均相等, 现只有左球面, 则M点的电势高于N点的电势, 选项A错误;在M点释放静止带正电的微粒 (重力不计) , 微粒将做变加速直线运动, 选项C错误;因为电势零点并没有选定, 故不能确定O点电势为零, 带正电的微粒在O点的电势能不一定为零, 选项D错误.
5.【答案】ABD
【解析】本题考查的是对自耦变压器的理解.当滑动触头P向上移动一段距离后, 原副线圈的匝数比增大, 使得副线圈电压减小, 副线圈中的电流也减小, 相应的原线圈电流也减小, 则等效电阻R上消耗的功率变小;三个灯泡都变暗;原线圈中电流表示数减小;原线圈两端的输入电压是不变的, 选项C错误.
6.【答案】BC
【解析】本题考查的是对动摩擦因数的理解.因为木与木的动摩擦因数是0.30, 木与金属之间的动摩擦因数是0.20, 可知如果和桌子接触的是木的, 则抽出去更费力, 故选项B正确, 选项A错误;如果F1=F2, 可确定A、B是同种材料, 选项C正确, 选项D错误.
7.【答案】BD
8.【答案】C
【解析】本题考查电场力、电势能功能关系的综合应用.当小球受到的由场力、重力、支持力、弹力合力为零时动能最大, 选项A错.小球可在光滑斜面上往复运动, 只有当小球运动到最低点时才有系统的机械能最大, 运动到最高点时机械能最小, 选项B错.据动能定理知所有力做的功才等于动能变化, 故选项C对D错.
9.【答案】 (1) (2) (4) (7)
10.【答案】 (1) 0.4 6 0
(2) 乙同学做实难时, 圆环在G、A之间某处发生断路故障
当滑片接A时, 圆环电阻被短路, 则电路中只有R1接入, 则由欧姆定律可得电路中电流
此时电压表V1测电流电压, 故V1的示数为6V;电压表V2并联在导线两端, 故电压表V2的示数为0.
(2) 比较两表可知, 乙表中的电流值总要比甲表中的电流值稍小一些, 则说明同样接入时, 乙同学实验中的电阻要大于甲同学实验中的电阻.因电阻并联后总电阻要减小, 故说明乙同学做实验时, 只能是接入一段导线, 故说明乙同学做实验时应该是导线的一部分发生了断路.因从A到G一直有示数, 故说明只能是G到A之间的某点发生了断路故障.
当电流等于0.07A时, 此时电压表V1示数U′1=0.07A×15Ω=1.05V;电压表V2的示数为6V-1.05V=4.95V.故B项正确.
若触点在断点之后, 则接入电路的为触点与A之间的部分, 则此时电流应介于0.17~0.4A之间.故C项不可能.
若电流为0.25A, 则电压U1=0.15A×15Ω=3.75V;U2=U-U1=1.25V.故D项正确.
根据牛顿第二定律得:μmg=ma, 得:a=μg=0.3×10=3m/s2, 解得:
(3) 假定无台阶, 滑块直接落在地上, 时间为:
水平位移x′=vCt′=3×0.4m=1.2m.
恰好等于3L (也就是恰好落在图中的D点正上方, 因此滑块会撞到台阶上) .
【解析】本题考查的是对力学综合的问题的计算.首先利用机械能守恒定律计算出下滑的速度;根据动能定理和牛顿定律计算出由B到C的时间;利用平抛运动的规律可以计算出相应的结果.
12.【答案】 (1) 电流表的示数不变, 说明在整个下滑过程中回路的电动势是不变的, 说明在B变化和不变时感应电动势大小一样, 所以可以判断在t1时刻棒刚好进入磁场区域且做匀速直线运动.
(3) ab棒进入磁场以前, 棒上产生的热量为Q1=I2 Rt1=0.52×2×0.5J=0.25J.
取ab棒在斜轨磁场中运动为研究过程, 有:mgsinθ-Q2=0, 得:Q2=0.3125J.
则棒上产生的总热量是Qr=Q1+Q2r=0.375J.
由丙图可以同理得出棒运动的加速度大小是a2=2.5m/s2, 依据牛顿定律得F-BIL=ma2.
取t3时刻为零时刻, 可以写出t3时刻后的I与时间的关系式, I=0.5t, 代入上面的式子可以得到F=0.25+0.5t画在坐标系里. (下图中图线作为参考) .
【解析】本题考查的是电磁感应定律和力学综合的相关问题.根据电磁感应定律和匀速直线运动的受力平衡可以求出运动速度;根据匀加速直线运动的规律求出磁场宽度;根据焦耳定律和功能关系可以求出产生的焦耳热;根据欧姆定律和牛顿第一定律可以得出力与时间的关系.
13.【答案】 (1) ABE
(2) (1) 设活塞停在B点时, 活塞受力平衡
(2) 气体温度不变, 则内能不变, 压缩气体, 外界对气体做功, 根据热力学第一定律, 可知气体放热.
14.【答案】 (1) BD
(2) (1) 连接OB、BC, 如下图所示.
解得:∠OCP=135° (45°值舍) .
进而可得:∠COP=15°.
所以i=45°.
15.【答案】 (1) AC
(2) 设b球碰后的速度为v, 由动量守恒得
T>2.8mg, 细绳会断裂.
8.模拟试题（二） 篇八
阅读下列一首诗，完成1—2题。
七律·到韶山
毛泽东
别梦依稀咒逝川，故园三十二年前。
红旗卷起农奴戟，黑手高悬霸主鞭。
为有牺牲多壮志，敢教日月换新天。
喜看稻菽千重浪，遍地英雄下夕烟。
1．对这首诗的文句的理解，(错误)的一项是( )
A.首联中的“咒逝川”，是慨叹时间如同流水般地过去。其中“咒”字突出表现了作者的怨恨之情。
B．颔联中的“卷起”生动地描写了三十二年前中国共产党组织千千万万农民冲破一切罗网、朝着解放道路迅跑的声势。
C．颈联的意思是，因为有先烈牺牲，更激励了后继者的壮志，他们敢令日月改换新的天地。
D．尾联中的“千重浪”是指随风起伏的大片庄稼，“下夕烟”是指农民们从暮霭中收工回来。
2．对这首诗，分析(不恰当)的一项是( )
A.这首诗综合运用了多种表达方式。一二句是叙述，三四句是描写，五六句对革命精神的赞扬，是议论和抒情相结合，七八句写丰收的景象，以描写为主。
B．全诗歌颂了人民创造历史、改天换地的伟大事业，有“大风起兮云飞扬，威加海内兮归故乡”之感。
C．这首诗容量大，境界高，写得大悲大喜，气势宏放，感情强烈，思想深刻，境界高远。
D．全诗语言通俗、典雅，例如“农奴”、“黑手”、“牺牲”等词语是“俗”，“别梦”、“依稀”、“逝川”之类是“雅”。
3．对陆俏梅《南方唱给北方的情歌》一诗中空缺的词句选(用最恰当)的一项是( )
喜欢你把我看成操着吴腔越语的女子
总是缠绵绵在三丹的经纬上相思、流泔
把三月的雨丝_________(1)
把三月的花枝_________(2)
然后一点船篙高绾裤腿躲进杨柳岸这边
我双眼皮的湖泊
波动着一页一页如岁月摇动的桨声
一阕一阕婉婉约约地折叠起来
折叠起一部重感情的地方志
第一页是___________(3)
第二页是琵琶女浔阳江头的琵琶韵
第三页是___________(4)
两个诗段横线上空缺的句子，最恰当的一组是( )
第一诗段：a．当作芬芳美酒
b．插得满身都是
c．梳成好看的发式挂在背后
第二诗段：d．王昭君独留青冢的千载泪
e．西施们楚楚动人的捣衣声
f.白娘子多愁善感的儿化韵
A．(1)a(2)b(3)d(4)f
B．(1)a(2)b(3)e(4)f
C．(1)c(2)b(3)e(4)f
D．(1)c(2)b(3)f (4)d
二、文言文閱读
阅读下面一段文言文，完成4—9题。
(兴宗)少好学，以业尚素立见称，为中书侍郎。中书令建平王宏、侍中王僧绰并与之厚善。元凶弑立①，僧绰被诛，凶威方盛，亲故莫敢往，兴宗独临哭尽哀。
孝武践阼②，累迁尚书吏部郎，时尚书何偃疾患，上谓兴宗曰：(“卿详练清浊③，今以选事相付．便可开门当之，无所让也。”)
后拜侍中，(每正言得失，)无所顾·惮。孝武新年拜陵，兴宗负玺陪乘。及还，上欲因以射雉，兴宗正色曰：“今致虔园陵，情敬兼重，从禽犹有余日，请待他辰。”上大怒，遣令下车，由是失旨。竟陵王诞据广陵为逆，事平，孝武舆驾出宣阳门，敕左右文武呼称万岁。兴宗时陪辇，帝顾曰：“卿独不呼?”兴宗从容正色答曰：“陛下今日政应涕泣行诛，岂得军中皆称万岁。”帝不悦。
兴宗奉旨慰劳广陵，州别驾范义与兴宗素善，在城内同诛。兴宗至，(躬身皇收殡，)致丧还豫章旧墓。上闻谓曰：“卿何敢故而触网?”兴宗抗言答曰：“陛下自杀贼，臣自葬周旋，既犯严制，政甘当于斧铖耳。”帝有惭色。又庐陵内史周朗以正言得罪，锁付宁州，亲戚故人无敢瞻送，兴宗时在直，请急④，诣朗别。上知尤怒。坐属疾多日，(白衣领职。)
(选自《南史·蔡廓(兴宗)传》)
[注]
①元凶弑立：指宋文帝太子刘劭杀父自立一事。
②践阼：新君即位。
③清浊：当时官有清流、浊流之分，士族居清流高位，寒门居浊流低位。
④请急：即请假。
4．对下列句子中加点词语的解释，错误的一项是( )
A.亲故莫敢往。
亲故：亲戚朋友
B．孝武新年拜陵。
拜陵：祭扫陵墓
c．从禽犹有余日。
从禽：追逐飞禽
D．由是失旨。
失旨：失去了皇帝的欢心
5．分别比较下列两组句子中加点词的意义和用法，判断正确的一项是( )
①(时)尚书何偃疾患
兴宗时陪辇
②上欲因(以)射雉
又庐陵内史周朗以正言得罪
A.两个“时”字相同，两个“以”字也相同。
B．两个“时”字不同，两个“以”字也不同。
C．两个“时”字不同，两个“以”字相同。
D；两个“时”字相同，两个“以”字不同。
6．对下列各句的解释正确的一项是( )
A.以业尚素立见称——因对待事业注重朴质有建树而受到人们的称赞。
B．每正言得失——常常正直上言而得罪皇帝。
c躬自收殡——亲自将尸体埋葬。
D．白衣领职——穿着素衣履行原来职务。
7．对“今以选事相付，便可开门当之，无所让也”一句理解正确的一项是( )
A.现在把选用人才的任务交给你，尽可放手去办，不要谦让。
B．现在挑选你并把任务交给你，尽可放手去办，不要轻易让步。
C.现在把选用人才的任务交给你，尽可放手去办，不要轻易让步。
D．现在挑选你并把任务交给你，尽可放手去办，不可谦让。
8．以下六句话分别编为四组，全属蔡兴宗秉性刚直，多次触怒孝武帝的一组是( )
①亲故莫敢往，兴宗独临哭尽哀。
②上欲因以射雉，兴宗正色(规谏)。
③(孝宗)敕左右文武呼称万岁，(兴宗)独不呼。
④兴宗至，躬身收殡，致丧还豫章旧墓。
⑤兴宗时在直，请急，诣朗别。
⑥坐属疾多日，白衣领职。
A.①③⑥ B．②④⑤ c．②③⑤ D．①④⑥
20．下列叙述，符合原文意思的一项是( )
A.王僧绰因是文帝亲信而被诛杀后，僧绰的亲戚故旧都不敢前往吊唁，唯有兴宗，不怕触怒孝武帝而前往祭奠尽礼。
B．孝武帝即位后，十分看重兴宗，委以选拔人才的重任，只是兴宗秉性刚直，不善协调入际关系，无法为朝廷办好选贤举能的事，使孝武帝很失望。
C．兴宗奉旨前去安抚广陵，兴宗的好友范义因参与叛乱而被诛杀，兴宗出于朋友道义亲自前往收殓，孝武帝深受感动，对诛杀范义一事觉得十分内疚。
D．兴宗秉性刚直，不畏权贵，常常批评朝政得失，多次触怒孝武帝，加上长期卧病，终被免官。
三、科技文阅读
阅读下面一段文字，完成10—13题。
大约五亿三千万年前的一天，一股意外涌来的泥沙把滇中海域浅海区中大量的动物埋在下面。由于迅速地与外界隔绝，致使大量包括软体动物在内的生物没有腐烂，在泥沙中完好地保存下来。这些原来难以成为化石的动物在泥沙中经过几亿年而最终成为化石，随着地壳运动，这座难得的古生物宝库被抬升到云南澄江帽天山。
澄江化石群异常珍贵。一般情况下，寒武纪的许多无脊椎动物若无特殊的埋葬条件，不会变成化石。而在澄江它们不仅成为化石，而且还保存得非常完好。澄江化石的完整性解开了一些长久令人费解的“化石谜”。例如早在100年前发现的奇虾的“脚’化石就一直被认为是一种节肢动物的尾巴，而奇虾的“嘴巴”化石则被认为是水母，而且荒唐地被单独“立户”取了名称。澄江奇虾化石的发现纠正了把奇虾的肢体当物种的“历史错案”。
澄江动物化石群的发现十分重要。寒武纪比我们较熟悉的恐龙时代的“侏罗纪”早四亿年。1909年在加拿大发现了寒武纪中期的布尔吉斯动物化石群，1949年在澳大利亚发现了前寒武纪末期的埃迪卡拉动物化石群，这两个化石群时间间隔有一亿一千万年，两个物种间发生的突发性变化难以在实物上得到证明。澄江动物化石群正好处在以上两个化石群时间跨度上的中间，是寒武纪生命由单一性向’多样性发生快速飞跃的最重要的环节。
10．使一些在其它地区“原来难以成为化石的动物”在澄江“最终成为化石”的一个最重要的条件是( )
A.这些动物在澄江地区埋藏于泥沙中的时间长——五亿三千万年。
B．这些动物在被泥沙埋藏的瞬间与外界迅速隔绝。
c．这些动物原来生活在海域的浅海区中，容易被泥沙埋藏。
D．这些埋藏在地下的没有腐烂的动物由于地壳的运动而被抬升。
11．联系澄江奇虾化石的特点，对造成奇虾化石“历史错案”的最根本原因，分析正确的一项是( )
A.一百多年前发现奇虾化石时，古生物化石研究技术不够先进，难以认清其实质。
B．一百多年前发现的奇虾化石的形态与某些物种形态极其相似，科学家们以貌定论。
c．一百多年前发现的奇虾化石都是奇虾的局部而不是整体，难以从整体判定。
D．长期以来遗留下来的“化石谜”影响了科学家对奇虾化石的准确判定。
12．“澄江化石群的发现十分重要”，说其“重要”的一个具体依据是( )
A.澄江动物化石群所处的时期正好在前寒武纪末期与寒武纪中期的时间跨度的中间。
B．澄江动物化石证明了由埃迪卡拉动物化石到布尔吉斯动物化石两个物种间发生的突发性变化。
C．澄江动物化石是寒武纪生命由单一性向多样性发生快速飞跃的最重要的环节。
D．澄江动物化石所处的寒武纪比侏罗纪早四亿年，更有研究价值。
13．对全文所表达的主要意思概括最准确的一项是( )
A.目前发现的澄江动物化石在古生物进化研究方面具有其它化石无法替代的作用。
B．澄江动物化石由于具有特殊的原因，因而形成了独特的完整性。
C.澄江动物化石的发现证明了我国对古生物的研究又有了新的突破。
D．澄江动物化石是目前世界上稀有的化石宝库。
四、社科文阅读
阅读下面的文章，完成14—18题。
抢救“陈景润精神”
那个一辈子只算出一道题目，而其他题目都算得一塌糊涂的人去了。那是一个以数学为粮食，以演算为空气的人。他生来只属于这一道题目。他把整个世界简化成了这一道题目。这个人肯定算不出副教授等于副处长等于副县长，还可以等于三室一厅。这个智商最高的人其实成了最傻最简单的人。以上的句子，摘自《美文》月刊上《谁是我们这个时代的数学家》一文，作者路也在文末异峰突起，不落俗套：“谁是我们这个时代的数学家？我想，也许到熙熙攘攘的大街上随便抓出一个人来，都会是一个不错的数学家：唯独陈景润不是。”
我不假思考，就完全明白了路也笔下之人会是谁。
这个“谁”的身上，窃以为依然还有我们未读懂的内容，这内容于国于民，似乎还不可或缺。
陈景润先生作古，確已有些时日了，但陈景润精神似乎也随着“作古”了。
陈景润多像一片林间早衰的叶子啊，十分突兀却又自然地脱离了树茎，非常轻非常轻地飘摇翻卷几下，搅动了几下热空气，便无声地跌入土地，溶入苍茫……
对他的离别，又能表现出多少离情呢，今日人间？
然而，或许世人忘却了，作为一颗曾经红得发紫的“知识星”，确是曾经火红过。其时，中国出了个陈景润，在很大程度上，就等于为长期所谓的“四体不勤，五谷不分”的“臭老九”平了反，昭了雪，扬了眉，吐了气。即令今日红极一流的歌星、影星，若论“星质”，我也以为极少有哪一位敢于挺身而出，与之试比肩的。
商潮毫不客气地卷压神州大地之后，依然铁心端坐在据说已是高楼深院的高等数学工作室里，“两耳不闻窗外事，一心只做1+2”的陈先生，当然就不可能那么风光了，这只能怪在世俗的眼里“1+2”不值钱。
不值钱的东西里，果真包括“1+2”吗?
一个人的精神家园能否存在，完全依赖于其人是否具有长青的追求精神，追求的品格又决定了精神家园的水准层次，两者琴瑟相和，山水相依。
敬业、爱业，辉煌时经得起，寂寞时耐得住，坚定不移，一如既往，既不完全向生活条件瞅，也不完全向金钱待遇看，即使并不知最终能否摘到皇冠上的璀璨明珠，或者根本就没有什么明珠，都能出于良知，兢兢业业，甚至于鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。
我们的时代，似乎总空缺点什么，这“什么”之中，继继少不了陈景润精神。一个国家、一个民族、一个时代，当然不可能也不应该有成群结队、浩浩荡荡的陈景润们，去从事“1+2”式的国际水平级理论研究，但是，陈景润精神却是万万不可缺的。
14．“而其他题目都算得一塌糊涂”中的“其他”指代的是什么?请引用文中的语句作答。
答：_______________________________________________
15．请简释“把整个世界简化成了这一个题目”这句话的含义。
答：____________________________________________
16．请根据全文意思，回答“陈景润精神”的实质是什么?陈景润精神即__________________________________精神。
17．下述理解不符合文意的三项是( )
A．“唯独陈景润不是(数学家)”反映了作者路也对陈景润很不理解。
B．陈景润作古了，人们也都将“陈景润精神”忘却了。
C.陈景润对国家和民族作出的贡献，直至今天红极一时的歌星、影星还很难与之相此。
D．商品经济大潮卷压神州大地之后，不少人认为搞理论研究不如下海经商“值钱”。
E．当前，像陈景润一样只会“算一道题”的人依然存在，对这种人的精神要加以拯救，使其健全起来。
P．我们的时代和国家目前正迫切地需要“陈景润精神”。
18．路也的《谁是我们这个时代的数学家》一文写陈景润，文末“不落俗套”的手法是_________________________________
五、文学作品阅读
阅读下面一篇文章，完成19—23题。
野菊花!漫山遍野的野菊花!
花朵不过一分镍币大小，密密匝匝，重重叠叠，织造出淮河堤畔、大别山麓梦幻般神奇的织锦。分明是太阳和月亮的灼目滚烫的合金，让造物主随意倾倒泼洒在这里，叫人心灵久久震颤。
几番秋风秋雨秋霜。山野早已敛去了辽阔的绿色，只把灰脊背露在人间；紫燕和鸿雁的呼唤，杳然寂灭在江南的路上，留下了牛儿和羊儿的哞咩，在枯草败叶间低回……纵然是松柏，也已减色；纵然是檀竹，也已落魄。唯独野菊花，却以她野性的勇敢与进取，举起了开放的拓展的金旗，“欲与西风战一场，遍地穿就黄金甲”。
她不禁锢自己，有花就尽情地开，有香就尽情地放。这一朵迟迟不肯谢去，那一朵挣出半个脸儿来就开了。从茎顶，从肋下，一下子冒出那么多花骨朵，仿佛一夜之间被风雨唤醒，一齐把眼睛睁开，睁得又圆又亮，再也不想闭去。她把金子般的本色毫不掩饰地宣泄成河成瀑，又把琥珀般的花香毫不保留地聚散如云如雾。这时，假若你静下心来，你会从袅袅升腾的忽聚忽散的浓香里谛听到广东音乐《金蛇狂舞》的活泼，琵琶古曲《十面埋伏》的壮烈……
她不固守现成，匍匐的枝条看似柔弱，却从不攀援依附。这枝被折去，更多的牙箭立即射出；迅速占领周围的地面，把墨玉般羽状分裂的叶片扩张开来，铺展如苍鹰韵翼翮，拥护着黄花。风来想凌空而去，云过含不尽向往，活脱脱是一幅潘天寿饱和金石的《鹰瞵图》，从大别山巅挂到淮水河沿。当霜雪卷藏这幅鸿篇巨制时，她的宿根却在这片沉重而冷静的土地下酝酿谋划，将屈原“上下而求索”的浩歌凝结在心，待时以串发。今年崖头岭上几株，明年一定要发展成簇；今年篱前砍下的几丛，明年一定要繁衍成龙。星散的，要汇聚；成块的，要连片。然后，在荒滩坡，在贫脊却是自由的土地上，左冲右突，向四面八方扩展，挺进，步步为营，为营步步。不知是山野滋育了她的野性，还是她的野性诱发了山野的野味情。
这是一種怎样的野性的美啊!而这野性美的烛照天地的光芒，投射在她开放的态势和拓展的行动中，于生命的运动里发现自我，表现自我，实现自我，教人体味出一种人生境界，故有久久的震颤回荡在心……
19．作者第一段中连用两个感叹句，表达了作者
的心情，也表明了作者对野菊花_______的态度。
20．联系全文看，作者写了野菊花哪些方面的特点?
答：_________________________________________
21．作者在第四段中为什么能够联想到“广东音乐《金蛇狂舞》的活泼，琵琶古曲《十面埋伏》的壮烈”?
答：___________________________________________
22．文章第二段和最后一段中都写到人的心灵的“久久的震颤”。这两次“震颤”的缘由不尽相同，请分别指出。
答：____________________________________________
23．下列对文章的分析和鉴赏，正确的三项是( )
A.文章第二段用“密密匝匝”、“重重叠叠”，是为了写淮河堤畔、大别山麓由野花织造出的梦幻般神奇的织锦，而这些又把第一段的“漫山遍野”形象化了。
B．第三段写“几番秋风秋雨秋霜”之后的紫燕、鸿雁、松柏、檀竹等景物的变化，是用以反衬野菊花斗霜开放的特点。
C.文章第四段描写了野菊花花朵的形态，文中用“挣”、“冒”、“睁”、“宣泄”、“毫无保留”等富有力度的词语，表现了野菊花团结向上、开拓进取的精神。
D．第五段描写了野菊花的枝条、叶片、，宿根等形态，表现了野菊花热情奔放、热爱生活的特征。
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