金融英文词汇

金融英文词汇（8篇）

1.金融英文词汇 篇一

英文简历常用词汇

英文简历常用词汇：个人信息 name 姓名 in.英寸 pen name 笔名 ft.英尺 alias 别名 street 街 Mr.先生 road 路 Miss 小姐 district 区 Ms 小姐或太太 house number 门牌 Mrs.太太 lane 胡同，巷 age 年龄 height 身高 Blood type 血型 weight 体重 address 地址 born 生于 permanent address 永久住址 birthday 生日 province 省 Birth date 出生日期 city 市 birthplace 出生地点 county 县 home phone 住宅电话 prefecture 专区 office phone 办公电话 autonomous region 自治区 business phone 办公电话 nationality 民族；国籍 current address 目前住址 citizenship 国籍 date of birth 出生日期 native place 籍贯 postal code 邮政编码 duel citizenship 双重国籍 marital status 婚姻状况 family status 家庭状况 married 已婚 single 未婚 divorced 离异 separated 分居 number of children 子女人数 health condition 健康状况 health 健康状况 excellent（身体）极佳 short-sighted近视 far-sighted 远视 ID card 身份证 date of availability 可到职时间 membership 会员、资格 president 会长 vice-president 副会长 director 理事 standing director 常务理事 society 学会 association 协会 secretary-general 秘书长 research society 研究会

英文简历常用词汇：教育程度 education 学历 educational history 学历 educational background 教育程度 curriculum 课程 major 主修 minor 副修 educational highlights 课程重点部分 curriculum included 课程包括 specialized courses 专门课程 courses taken 所学课程 special training 特别训练 social practice 社会实践 part-time jobs 业余工作 summer jobs 暑期工作 vacation jobs 假期工作 refresher course 进修课程 Extra curricular activities 课外活动 physical activities 体育活动 recreational activities 娱乐活动 academic activities 学术活动 social activities 社会活动 rewards 奖励 scholarship 奖学金 excellent League member 优秀团员 excellent leader 优秀干部 student council 学生会 off-job training 脱产培训 in-job training 在职培训 educational system 学制 academic year 学年 semester 学期（美）term 学期（英）supervisor 论文导师 pass 及格 fail 不及格 marks 分数 examination 考试 degree 学位 post doctorate 博士后 doctor(ph.D)博士 master 硕士 bachelor 学士 graduate student 研究生 abroad student 留学生 abroad student 留学生 undergraduate 大学肆业生 government-supported student 公费生 commoner 自费生 extern 走读生 intern 实习生 prize fellow 奖学金生 boarder 寄宿生 graduate 毕业生 guest student 旁听生（英）auditor 旁听生（美）day-student 走读生 英文简历常用词汇：工作职位 Administration(行政部分)Administrative Director 行政主管 File Clerk 档案管理员 Executive Assistant 行政助理 Office Manager 办公室经理 Executive Secretary 行政秘书 Receptionist 接待员 General Office Clerk 办公室文员 Secretary 秘书 Inventory Control Analyst 存货控制分析 Staff Assistant 助理 Mail Room Supervisor 信件中心管理员 Stenographer 速记员 Order Entry Clerk 订单输入文员 Telephone Operator 话务员 Shipping/Receiving Expediter 收发督导员 Ticket Agent 票务代理 Vice-president of Administration 行政副总裁 Typist 打字员 Executive and Managerial(管理部分)Retail Store Manager 零售店经理 Food Service Manager 食品服务经理 Executive Marketing Director 市场行政总监 HMO Administrator 医疗保险管理 Assistant Store Manager 商店经理助理 Operations Manager 操作经理 Assistant Vice-president 副总裁助理 production Manager 生产经理 Chief Executive Officer(CEO)首席执行官 property Manager 房地产经理 Chief Operations Officer(COO)首席运营官 Branch Manager 部门经理 Controller(International)国际监管 Claims Examiner 主考官 Director of Operations 运营总监 Controller(General)管理员 Field Assurance Coordinator 土地担保协调员 General Manager 总经理 Management Consultant 管理顾问 District Manager 市区经理 Hospital Administrator 医院管理 president 总统 Import/Export Manager 进出口经理 product Manager 产品经理 Insurance Claims Controller 保险认领管理员 program Manager 程序管理经理 Insurance Coordinator 保险协调员 project Manager 项目经理 Inventory Control Manager 库存管理经理 Regional Manager 区域经理 Manager(Non-profit and Charities)非盈利性慈善机构管理 Service Manager 服务经理 Manufacturing Manager 制造业经理 Vending Manager 售买经理 Telecommunications Manager 电信业经理 Vice-president 副总裁 Transportation Manager 运输经理 Warehouse Manager 仓库经理 Education and Library Science(教育部分)Daycare Worker 保育员 ESL Teacher 第二外语教师 Developmental Educator 发展教育家 Head Teacher 高级教师 Foreign Language Teacher 外语教师 Librarian 图书管理员 Guidance Counselor 指导顾问 Music Teacher 音乐教师 Library Technician 图书管理员 Nanny 保姆 physical Education Teacher 物理教师 principal 校长 School psychologist 心理咨询教师 Teacher 教师 Special Needs Educator 特种教育家 Teacher Aide 助理教师 Art Instructor 艺术教师 Computer Teacher 计算机教师 College professor 大学教授 Coach 教练员 Assistant Dean of Students 助理训导长 Archivist 案卷保管员 Vocational Counselor 职业顾问 Tutor 家教、辅导教师 英文简历常用词汇：工作经历 work experience 工作经历 occupational history 工作经历 professional history 职业经历 specific experience 具体经历 responsibilities 职责 second job 第二职业 achievements 工作成就，业绩 administer 管理 assist 辅助 adapted to 适应于 accomplish 完成（任务等）appointed 被认命的 adept in 善于 analyze 分析 authorized 委任的；核准的 behave 表现 break the record 打破纪录 breakthrough 关键问题的解决 control 控制 conduct 经营，处理 cost 成本；费用 create 创造 demonstrate 证明，示范 decrease 减少 design 设计 develop 开发，发挥 devise 设计，发明 direct 指导 double 加倍，翻一番 earn 获得，赚取 effect 效果，作用 eliminate 消除 enlarge 扩大 enrich 使丰富 exploit 开发（资源，产品）enliven 搞活 establish 设立（公司等）；使开业 evaluation 估价，评价 execute 实行，实施 expedite 加快；促进 generate 产生 good at 擅长于 guide 指导；操纵 improve 改进，提高 initiate 创始，开创 innovate 改革，革新 invest 投资 integrate 使结合；使一体化 justified 经证明的；合法化的 launch 开办（新企业）maintain 保持；维修 modernize 使现代化 negotiate 谈判 nominated 被提名；被认命的 overcome 克服 perfect 使完善；改善 perform 执行，履行 profit 利润 be promoted to 被提升为 be proposed as 被提名（推荐）为 realize 实现（目标）获得（利润）reconstruct 重建 recorded 记载的 refine 精练，精制 registered 已注册的 regenerate 更新，使再生 replace 接替，替换 retrieve 挽回 revenue 收益，收入 scientific 科学的，系统的 self-dependence 自力更生 serve 服务，供职 settle 解决（问题等）shorten 减低 …… 效能 simplify 简化，精简 spread 传播，扩大 standard 标准，规格 supervises 监督，管理 supply 供给，满足 systematize 使系统化 test 试验，检验 well-trained 训练有素的 valuable 有价值的 target 目标，指标 working model 劳动模范 advanced worker 先进工作者 英文简历常用词汇：个人品质 able 有才干的，能干的 adaptable 适应性强的 active 主动的，活跃的 aggressive 有进取心的 ambitious 有雄心壮志的 amiable 和蔼可亲的 amicable 友好的 analytical 善于分析的 apprehensive 有理解力的 aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的 audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的 capable 有能力的，有才能的 careful 办理仔细的 candid 正直的 competent 能胜任的 constructive 建设性的 cooperative 有合作精神的 creative 富创造力的 dedicated 有奉献精神的 dependable 可靠的 diplomatic 老练的，有策略的 disciplined 守纪律的 dutiful 尽职的 well--educated 受过良好教育的 efficient 有效率的 energetic 精力充沛的 expressivity 善于表达 faithful 守信的，忠诚的 frank 直率的，真诚的 generous 宽宏大量的 genteel 有教养的 gentle 有礼貌的 humorous 有幽默 impartial 公正的 independent 有主见的 industrious 勤奋的 ingenious 有独创性的 motivated 目的明确的 intelligent 理解力强的 learned 精通某门学问的 logical 条理分明的 methodical 有方法的 modest 谦虚的 objective 客观的 precise 一丝不苟的 punctual 严守时刻的 realistic 实事求是的 responsible 负责的 sensible 明白事理的 sporting 光明正大的 steady 踏实的 systematic 有系统的 purposeful 意志坚强的 sweet-tempered 性情温和的 temperate 稳健的 tireless 孜孜不倦的 英文简历常用词汇：其它内容应聘职位 objective 目标 position desired 希望职位 job objective 工作目标 employment objective 工作目标 career objective 职业目标 position sought 谋求职位 position wanted 希望职位 position applied for 申请职位离职原因for more specialized work 为更专门的工作 for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途 for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作 责任 for wider experience 为扩大工作经验 due to close-down of company 由于公司倒闭 due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期满 sought a better job 找到了更好的工作 to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作业余爱好hobbies 业余爱好 play the guitar 弹吉他 reading 阅读 play chess 下棋 play 话剧 long distance running 长跑 play bridge 打桥牌 collecting stamps 集邮 play tennis 打网球 jogging 慢跑 sewing 缝纫 travelling 旅游 listening to symphony 听交响乐 do some clay scultures 搞泥塑

2.金融英文词汇 篇二

1 Context

Context in its narrowest sense refers to the words,clauses sentences in which a word appears.This is known as linguistic context,which may cover a paragraph,a whole chapter and even the entire book.In a broad sense,it includes the physical situation as well.This is called non-linguistic context,including the people,time,place,and even the whole cultural background(Zhang Weiyou,1997:160).The meaning of words is influenced either by linguistic context or by non-linguistic context.

2 Functions of Context to Word Meaning

There are many polysemous words in English language When collocated with different context,a word may appear to have different meanings.So we can regard the word as the conception of context-dependence.In order to get the final meaning of a certain word,we often have to know the context in which the word occurs.To a large extent,context helps us understanding the meaning of the words.The vital role of context to word meaning can be mainly illustrated from the following aspects.

2.1 Eliminating Uncertainty of Meaning

As the above mentioned,there exist lots of polysemous words in English language,which brings us some difficulties in determining the word meaning.But the polysemies can be narrowed down and fixed in the function of context.For instance,the noun order has lots of meanings in the dictionary,while in each of the following context,it conveys only one sense:1)I filed the cards in alphabetical order(顺序);2)The army was deployed to keep order(治安);3)The firm has won an order(定单)for six tankers.

It is obvious that the meaning of order is determined by the meaning of the lexical items with which it is combined.In some cases,the sentence structures in which a word appears can also help us grasping the meanings of the word.Take the polysemous word become for example,1)become+n.,as in She has become a doctor.(Meaning"to turn into");2)become+adj.,as in He became famous.(Meaning"to begin to be");3)become+of,as in What will become of us if I lose my job?(Meaning"to happen to").According to these three sentences,we can see,when become appears in different syntactical structures,it shows different meanings.

2.2 Conveying Emotional Signs

Nearly all the lexical items have emotional implications in certain contexts.For instance,in the morning,people usually greet one another with"Good morning",it's a kind of polite expression to show your friendliness.Given an employee is very late for work,and the employer says Good morning to him,it's evident that Good morning is not a friendly greeting here.In this context,instead of representing its literal meaning,the speech conveys an emotional sign to us that the speaker maybe very angry.

2.3 Indicating Practical Referents

To avoid the repetition of words in conversation,we often use a pronoun to substitute a noun or a noun phrase,some model verbs to take the place of the verb phrases,and"then,there"to express the time or place.However,we would never know what these abstract words refer to without the implication of the context.For example:1)Mary asked Jack to buy a cup of coffee.2He refused to do it.3)So she was very angry.Sentence 1)comes before the following two sentences.Without sentence 1),no one can tell who he and she refer to.From sentence 1),it can be concluded that he in sentence 2)refers to Jack,and it means"to buy a cup of coffee";she in sentence 3)refers to Mary.

3 Lexical Characteristics of Business English

BE refers to the English used in business correspondence and activities.From the linguistic standpoint,business writing is accurate,brief,clear as well as courteous.And it is easy to remember.Therefore,BE vocabulary has the following characteristics:1)In BE,abbreviations are very often used to save space and time,which is accordance with the conciseness of BE.While the use of abbreviations makes it difficult to know what they are standing for,but most abbreviations have fixed meanings in BE For example,CN=China;FYI=for your information;ASAP=as soon as possible;ETA=estimated time of arrival,and so on.2Commercial symbols and codes are also frequently used in BE The encoded character of language symbols is one of the typica features of BE generally used in business telegrams and telexes For instance,@=at each(单价);$=dollar;FF=French franc and so forth.3)In the opinion of many businessmen,short and simple words are more impressive than those complicated ones.They may miss the real point of a message if there are too many long words.In BE,more verbs with clear meanings are used than verb phrases.For example,we acknowledge with thanks for your orde of 1st,here"Acknowledge"is used instead of"report that we have received".4)In order to achieve a formal tone,making use of formal words is quite common in business contracts.For instance,"At the expiration of a contract,we need to discuss a new one.""Expiration"means"end",but it is more formal than"end".5)Many compound adverbs containing"here","there",o"where",such as"herewith,thereby,whereby",which hardly seen in other written styles,are often used in BE.For example:enclose herewith a copy of this discussion document,"herewith"means"here with the letter".

4 Context and Word Meaning of Business English

On the basis of the polysemous feature of English words and the characteristics of BE vocabulary,it is difficult to have a correct understanding of some BE words without the certain contexts.Here we will discuss about taking advantage of the contex to get an accurate word meaning in BE translation from the following three aspects:

4.1 Conceptual meaning

In modern English,a word often has many kinds of meanings.And many words have its special meanings and genera meanings.General meaning refers to the meaning of literary and social life,while special meaning refers to the word meaning in professional field.Most of words in BE have this feature.Take policy for example,it means"principles or policies"in genera sense.However,it means"policy document"as in the insurance industry,which represents the special meaning of policy.On translating this word,we should consider the context it appears Then we can confirm whether it is"a certain policy"proposed by government or"an insurance policy"issued by an insurance company.So a good command of the related knowledge will help us identify the correct meaning of words in the special fields.I also can avoid mixing its special meaning with general meaning so as to make the translation more accurate and authentic.

4.2 Situational meaning

A word needs to collocate with a certain word and syntax regulations,the word only then has the situational meaning or the grammatical meaning.If the word has been separated from the certain linguistic context,its meaning may be unable to understand.In written contract,the translator can adapt local interpretation and analogy to comprehend linguistic context.For example:1)We wish to refer to the recent exchange of cables and are pleased to confirm having concluded with you a transaction of 30metric tons of nuts.2)We thank you for your order of No1September 3.After careful consideration,we have come to conclusion that it would be better for us to decline your order in this case.

Both of the above sentences refer to the grammar of the verb conclude,but if we place this word on a specific linguistic context and analyses with local interpretation,we would easily see:In sentence 1)the context expresses the hope of achieving the transaction,so conclude in"conclude a transaction"means达成交易,while in sentence 2)the context is declining the order of the opposite party,then"come to a conclusion"means得出结

论.

4.3 Social-cultural meaning

Being a communication tool in commercial activities,language always cannot separate from the influence of the certain political,economical and social-cultural context.In BE,the same influence in the cultural discrepancy also reflects in commercial negotiations,advertisement introduced,contract formulation as well as getting of commercial information,exchange,cooperation and so forth.For instance,we are familiar with phrase"the Asian four dragons",which was the commentary to Hong Kong,Taiwan,South Korean and Singapore in Asia area,it was given by the western countries in 80's for their miracles in economy.Actually,the original expression was"the four Asian tiger",not"the four Asian dragons".This is the bright cultural comparison.In China,dragon has the honored status in people's mind.However,due to the diversity of cultural consciousness,dragon refers to the evil ghost and includes the derogatory meaning in western culture.And tiger was considered as a sort of braveness and being rich in enterprising spirit.In this phrase,the word"tiger"and"dragon"is not important,the key point is the implication of highly praise.From this point of view,translating"tiger"into"dragon"can accurately express the original intention,and generally accepted by the people.Hence,during business activities,to have a better understanding of BE,we should take the relevant cultural context into consideration as well.

5 Conclusion

To sum up,BE translation has a great distinction with literary translation and essay translation in that it has its own features.The correct understanding of word meaning is the basis of translating business English into Chinese successfully.If not grasp the word meaning exactly,we will not do well in BE translation,which might bring enormous economic losses to the state or companies.With the view of understanding the meaning of BE words correctly,one should analyze the context such as linguistic techniques and cultural background except for mastering the business professional knowledge and the linguistic specialties of BE.

摘要：商务英语是随着全球经济的发展而出现的一门专门用途英语。在商务活动中正确理解商务英语的词义,对商务活动的正常进行十分重要。该文从语境的角度出发,阐述语境与英语词义的关系,从而借助语境理解商务英语词汇的含义。

关键词：语境,词义,商务英语

参考文献

[1] 陈晓勇 .语域理论与商务英语篇章翻译 [J].湖南商学院报 , 2001(3):101-103.

[2] 廖瑛,莫再树.国际商务英语语言与翻译研究[M].北京:机械 工业出版社,2004.

[3] 张维友 . 英语词汇学教程 [M]. 武汉 : 华中师范大学出版社 , 1997.

[4] Halliday M A K,Hasan R.Language, Context and Text[M].U-niversity: Victoria,1985.

3.巧妙提取英文词汇表的纯英文单词 篇三

第1步：删除词性

在正式处理之前，我们首先需要删除词汇表中的词性信息，在Word打开英文词汇表，也可以将英文词汇表全选之后复制到Word窗口，按下“Ctrl+H”组合键，打开替换对话框，将查找内容依次设置为n.、adj.、adv.、vt.，替换为空，这样可以删除其中的词性内容，或者也可以替换为“空格+词性”的形式。

第2步：为单词和后续内容插入空格

在Word打开英文词汇表，也可以将英文词汇表全选之后复制到Word窗口，按下“Ctrl+H”组合键，打开替换对话框，将查找内容设置为英文词汇表单词和后续内容之间的空格字符，空格字符建议从词汇表复制，替换为多个空格，空格数量可视词汇表单词的最大长度而定，建议适当设置得多一些，执行之后可以将单词与后续内容分隔开来。

第3步：处理多余的空格

按住Alt键，使用鼠标列选词汇表的英文单词即可，将其复制到记事本备用，不过列复制之后会产生许多无用的空格，如果直接在Word中通过替换的方法删除空格，将无法保证一行一单词的形式！我们可以通过下面的方法快速删除空格。

4.常用船务英文词汇 篇四

常用船务英文词汇表

发货人 Shipping 收货人 Consignee 装货港 Port Of Loading 目地港 Port Of Discharge 目的地 Destination 交货地址 Place Of Delivery 结关时间 Closing Date 结关时间 CLSG 开船时间 Sailing Date 开舱时间 CY Opening 离港日 TED 到港日 TEA 定舱单Shipping Order 定舱号码 Booking No 货柜号码 Container Number 封条号 Seal Number 船名 Vessel Name 航次 VES/VOY 船公司 Shipping Company 货代 Forwarder 20尺平柜 20GP 20’ 40尺平柜 40GP 40TS 40’ 40尺高柜 40High Cube 40HQ 40HC 45尺柜 45GP 45’ 吊柜费 TCH 海运费 By Sea |Sea Freight 提单 Bill Of Lading 发票 Invoice 延结 Late Come 唛头 Shipping Marks 件数/箱数 Carton 整柜 CY 散货 CFS 门到门 Door To Door 离岸价格 FOB 到岸价格 CIF 运费 Freight 海运费到付Freight Collect 海运费预付Freight Prepaid 码头 Port Terminal 数量 Q’TY/Quantity 重量 Weights 毛重 Gross Weights 尺寸Measurement 通知人Notify Party 工厂装货地点 Place Of Loading 货何时备好 Cargo Ready Date 品名描述 Description Of Goods 材积 Measurement 总计集箱数 柜型 Total Number Of Containers 订金 Less Deposit 备品 Spare Units 海关费 Customs Declaration 快递费 Courier Cost 样品费 Sample Cost 收货地点 Place Of Receipt 卸货地点 Port Of Discharge 产地证 C/O And From A 信用证 Letter Of Credit 吊柜费 THC 码头费 ORC 文件费 DOC 电放费 TRC 服务费 HC 拼柜费 CFS 货代提单 B/L 整箱货 FCL 拼箱货 LCL 集装箱 CTNR 燃油附加费 BAF 目的港码头费 DDC 码头操作费 THC 码头附加费 YAS 多式联运单据 MTD 港口拥挤附加费 PCS

5.保险英文词汇 篇五

中国人民保险公司PEOPLES’ INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA 中国人民财产保险股份有限公司PICC PROPERTY AND CASUALTY LIMITED 未决赔款准备金 outstanding loss reserve；outstanding claims reserve 保险公司为尚未结案的赔案提取的准备金，包括已发生已报案未决赔款准备金、已发生未报案未决赔款准备金和理赔费用准备金。

已发生已报案未决赔款准备金 incurred and reported claims reserve 保险公司为保险事故已经发生并已向保险公司提出索赔，但尚未结案的赔案所提取的准备金。

已发生未报案未决赔款准备金 incurred but not reported（IBNR）claims reserve 保险公司为保险事故已经发生，但尚未提出索赔的赔案所提取的准备金。

已发生未充分报告准备金 incurred but not enough reported（IBNER）claims reserve 保险公司为已经立案但尚未结案的赔案在未来可能的赔付而提取的准备金。已发生未立案未决赔款准备金 incurred but not recorded claims reserve 保险公司为已经发生保险事故但是尚未提出索赔或者已经提出索赔但是尚未立案的赔案而提取的准备金。

理赔费用准备金 claim expense reserve 保险公司为尚未完全结案的赔案未来可能发生的理赔费用而提取的准备金。

间接理赔费用准备金 unallocated loss expense reserve；indirect claim expense reserve 保险公司为尚未完全结案的赔案未来可能发生的，并且无法直接确认到每个赔案的理赔费用而提取的准备金。

直接理赔费用准备金 allocated loss expense reserve； direct claim expense reserve 保险公司为尚未完全结案的赔案未来可能发生的，并且可以直接确认到每个赔案的理赔费用而提取的准备金。

准备金 责任准备金 reserve 保险公司为保证如约履行未来的赔偿或给付责任，从保费收入或盈余中提取的与其所承担的保险责任相对应的资金准备。

法定责任准备金 statutory reserve 为确保保险公司偿付能力，由保险公司按照相关法律规定提存的准备金。评估利率 valuation interest rate 保险公司依法确定的用以计算责任准备金的利率。

通用会计准则准备金 generally accepted accounting principals（GAAP）reserve 在保险公司持续经营的前提下，为了在公正、一致的基础上反映经营状况、体现盈利水平，而采用合理而谨慎的假设计算的准备金。保费不足准备金 premium deficiency reserve（非寿险）未到期责任准备金和预期的投资收益不足以抵补预期的损失和相关费用时计提的准备金。

未到期责任准备金 unearned premium reserve 在准备金评估日为尚未终止的保险责任而提取的准备金，包括保险公司为保险期限在一年以内（含一年）的保险合同项下尚未到期的保险责任而提取的准备金，以及为保险期限在一年以上（不含一年）的保险合同项下尚未到期的保险责任而提取的长期责任准备金。

精算方法 actuarial method 运用数学、统计、法律和会计等知识进行风险评估或财务安排的方法。精算师 actuary 受过数学、统计、法律和会计等训练并具有专业资格证书的，对保险经营等领域未来可能发生的偶然事件预估其负债，并运用精算方法进行风险管理和财务安排的专业人员。

精算假设 actuarial assumption 对未来事故发生率、投资收益率、费用率和保单失效率等要素所设定的假设条件的总称。

大数法则 大数定律 law of large numbers 概率论中用来阐述大量随机现象结果趋于稳定的定律。修匀 graduation 利用初始估计，结合先验观点修正初始估计值的精算方法。演示利率 illustration interest rate 用于演示人身保险新型产品对应资产的未来年投资收益的假设利率。费率厘定 rating 在开发保险产品的过程中确定产品价格的过程。纯保费法 pure premium method 以已发生损失和危险单位数据为基础，计算每一危险单位费率水平的方法。损失率法loss ratio method 以现行费率水平为基础，通过测算实际损失率和期望损失率的偏差，估计未来费率应调整的幅度，计算未来应使用的费率水平的方法。

定价利率 预定利率pricing interest rate 厘定费率时使用的对预计保单现金流进行折现的利率。风险管理 risk management 人们对各种风险的识别、估测、评价、控制和处理的主动行为。风险管理目标 risk management goal 以最小的风险管理成本，使预期损失减少到最低限度或实际损失得到最大补偿。风险规避 risk avoidance 直接避免某项风险发生的一种风险处理方式。风险自留 risk retention 由个人或单位自行承担风险的一种风险处理方式。风险预防 risk prevention 在损失发生前为了消除或减少可能引发损失的各种因素而采取的一种风险处理方式。

风险抑制 risk restraint 在损失发生时或发生后，为缩小损失程度而采取的一种风险处理方式。风险中和 risk neutralization 将风险的损失机会与获利机会予以平均的一种风险处理方式。风险转移 risk transfer 通过合同或非合同的方式将风险转嫁给另一个人或单位的一种风险处理方式。风险集合 风险对冲risk pooling 集合同一性质的风险单位，使每一单位所承受的风险减少的方式。风险分散 风险分割risk diversification 疏散同一性质的风险单位，以减少一次事故所导致的最大损失的方式。风险识别 risk identification 用感知、判断或归类的方式对现实的和潜在的风险性质进行鉴别的过程。风险估测 risk estimation 在风险识别的基础上，通过对所收集的资料进行分析，运用定性与定量的方法，估计和预测风险发生的概率和损失程度的过程。

风险评价 risk evaluation 在风险识别和风险估测的基础上，对风险发生的概率、损失程度，结合其他因素进行全面考虑，评估发生风险的可能性极其危害程度，并于公认的安全指标相比较，以衡量风险的程度，并决定是否需要采取相应的措施的过程。

风险分级 risk classification 以风险估测和评价为基础，将风险划分成不同的级别。风险因素 hazard 促使某一特定风险事故发生、增加损失机会或加重损失程度的原因或条件。物质风险因素 实质风险因素 physical hazard 某一标的本身所具有的足以促使风险事故发生、增加损失机会或加重损失程度的客观原因或条件。

道德风险因素 moral hazard 因故意行为促使风险事故发生、增加损失机会或加重损失程度，以致引起财产损失和人身伤亡的原因或条件。

心里风险因素 morale hazard 因人们不注意、不关心、存在某些侥幸或依赖心理，促使风险事故发生、增加损失机会或加重损失程度，以致引起财产损失和人身伤亡的原因或条件。

风险事故 peril 造成损失的直接的或外在的事件。风险 risk 事件发生的不确定性。纯粹风险 pure risk 只有损失机会没有获利可能的风险。投机风险 speculative risk 既有损失机会又有获利可能的风险。财产风险 property risk 因发生自然灾害、意外事故而使个人或单位占有、控制或照看的财产遭受损毁、灭失或贬值的风险。

责任风险 liability risk 因个人或单位的行为造成他人的财产损失或人身伤害，依法律或合同应承担赔偿责任的风险。

人身风险 personal risk 因事故发生造成人的死亡、伤残或疾病的风险。信用风险 credit risk 在经济交往中，因义务人违约或违法致使权利人遭受经济损失的风险。环境风险 environmental risk 因职业、收入、居住环境、工作环境和生活习惯等因素导致人死亡、患病或伤残的风险。

职业风险 occupational risk 因工作环境导致人死亡、患病或伤残的风险。自然风险 natural risk 因自然力的不规则变化产生的现象所导致危害经济活动、物质生产或生命安全的风险。

巨灾风险 catastrophic risk；catastrope 因一次重大自然灾害、疾病传播、恐怖主义袭击或人为事故造成巨大损失的风险。社会风险 social risk 因个人或单位的行为，包括过失行为、不当行为及故意行为对社会生产及人们生活造成损失的风险。

政治风险 political risk 因种族、宗教、利益集团和国家之间的冲突，或因政策、制度的变革与权力的交替造成损失的风险。

经济风险 economic risk 在经营活动中，因受市场供求关系、经济贸易条件等因素变化的影响或经营决策的失误等导致损失的风险。

税收风险 tax risk 因税收政策变动导致个人或单位利益受损的风险。法规风险 legal risk；regulatory risk 因国家法律法规变动导致个人或单位利益受损的风险。保险费率 premium rate 单位保险金额应该收取的保险费。纯费率 pure premium rate 单位保险金额应该收取的纯保费。费率浮动 premium rate adjustment 保险公司销售产品时，在费率表中的基准上对保险费率作的调整。纯保费 pure premium 净保费 net premium 用于支付保险赔款或保险金给付金额的期望值。附件费用 loading 在费率厘定中，在纯保费基础上附加的用于支付保险公司营业税支出、营业费用支出、保险保障基金、利润及风险附加等的费用。

6.英文简历词汇及 篇六

able 有才干的，能干的

active 主动的，活跃的

adaptable 适应性强的

adroit 灵巧的，机敏的

aggressive 有进取心的

alert 机灵的

ambitious 有雄心壮志的

amiable 和蔼可亲的

amicable 友好的

analytical 善于分析的

apprehensive 有理解力的

aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的

audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的

capable 有能力的，有才能的

careful 办事仔细的

candid 正直的

charitable 宽厚的

competent 能胜任的

confident 有信心的

conscientious 认真的，自觉的

considerate 体贴的

constructive 建设性的

contemplative 好沉思的

cooperative 有合作精神的

creative 富创造力的

dashing 有一股子冲劲的，有拼搏精神的

dedicated 有奉献精神的

devoted 有献身精神的

dependable 可靠的

diplomatic 老练的，有策略的

disciplined 守纪律的

discreet(在行动，说话等方面)谨慎的

dutiful 尽职的

dynamic 精悍的

earnest 认真的

well-educated 受过良好教育的

efficient 有效率的

energetic 精力充沛的

enthusiastic 充满热情的

expressive 善于表达

faithful 守信的，忠诚的

forceful (性格)坚强的

frank 直率的，真诚的

friendly 友好的

frugal 俭朴的

generous 宽宏大量的

genteel 有教养的

gentle 有礼貌的

hard-working 勤劳的

hearty 精神饱满的

honest 诚实的

hospitable 殷勤的

humble 恭顺的

humorous 幽默的

impartial 公正的

independent 有主见的

industrious 勤奋的

ingenious 有独创性的

initiative 首创精神

have an inquiring mind 爱动脑筋

intellective 有智力的

intelligent 理解力强的

inventive 有发明才能的，有创造力的

just 正直的

kind-hearted 好心的

knowledgeable 有见识的

learned 精通某门学问的

liberal 心胸宽大的

logical 条理分明的

loyal 忠心耿耿的

methodical 有方法的

modest 谦虚的

motivated 目的明确的

objective 客观的

open-minded 虚心的

orderly 守纪律的

original 有独创性的

painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的

practical 实际的

precise 一丝不苟的

persevering 不屈不挠的

punctual 严守时刻的

purposeful 意志坚强的

qualified 合格的

rational 有理性的

realistic 实事求是的

reasonable 讲道理的

reliable 可信赖的

responsible 负责的

self-conscious 自觉的`

selfless 无私的

sensible 明白事理的

sincere 真诚的

smart 精明的

spirited 生气勃勃的

sporting 光明正大的

steady 塌实的

straightforward 老实的

strict 严格的

systematic 有系统的

strong-willed 意志坚强的

sweet-tempered 性情温和的

temperate 稳健的

tireless 孜孜不倦的

经典英文简历模板

CVs are a summary of your skills and achievements and they need to be short; preferably a maximum of two pages. You have the freedom to choose which format you think will most appeal to your prospective employer and so will maximise your strengths whilst minimising your weaknesses.

简历是对你所掌握的技能和取得的成就的总结，必须简洁，最多不超过两页。你可以任意选择最适合自己的简历模板，以吸引你的潜在雇主，并扬长避短。

The standard CV is the Chronological CV; this is the traditional, familiar layout and is the most commonly used format. A second type is the Functional CV which focuses on skills and achievements rather than employment history and qualifications.

标准简历是以时间为序进行制作的，它的布局传统、常见，且使用频率最高。第二种形式的简历是功能型简历，侧重于对自身技能和成绩的描述，而不是工作经历和资质。

Which CV format is best for you, depends, to some extent, on your career development. If you are a recent graduate, the standard CV, which is also called a competency-based CV, is more suitable. For a more mature student, a skills-based CV works well, as it demonstrates life experiences more effectively. However it is useful for any job seeker, who is applying for a career that is not directly related to his or her degree subject or previous experience.

在某种程度上说，哪一种简历更适合自己取决于自身的职业发展情况。如果你是一名刚毕业的大学生，标准简历(也称为基于个人能力的简历)更为合适。对于成熟的求职者，基于技能的简历更合适，因为它能有效地描述个人经历。同时它也适用于那些寻找与自己所学专业和之前工作经历无关的工作的求职者。

Here is a standard graduate CV:

7.金融英文词汇 篇七

关键词：话语,词汇教学,词汇搭配

1 An Introduction to Word Teaching in Discourse Di-mension

In conventional English teaching environment,grammar is the key to English learning which indeed plays an important role in sentence formation and dialogue build-up.In this regard,both language theorists and English teachers have invented various methods focusing student grammar learning and its application.Not until the introduction of Lewis’(1993)idea highlighting the importance of vocabulary does the ELT world start to rethink this important phenomenon of English teaching.

We know sometimes even if learners were familiar with the morphology and syntax,it would still be difficult to comprehend an article or a dialogue.In general,the impediment of learners’comprehension results from the lacking of vocabulary and the misunderstanding of its meaning.Then which ways are proper for English words teaching in order to expand students’vocabulary?And what can teachers do to make the meaning of word acquirable to English learners in classroom teaching?Though there are no easy answers to the questions,we believe the discourse dimension is one we can rely on.

2 Rationale of Discourse Analysis for Vocabulary Teaching

Traditionally,teachers either familiarize students with the new words by reading through the wordlist,or ask students to preview them before class.But neither way sets students free from dul and time-consuming rote learning which proves to be ineffective and negative to students’learning motivation.Recently,more and more English learning materials are developed according to tasks And according to studies,content based tasks are prone to arouse students’interest and to make learning easy and effective.Moreover,context is the core of discourse analysis which systematically links vocabulary learning with discourse analysis.

Gairns and Redman(1986)call for an urge to bring the discourse dimension into vocabulary teaching alongside traditiona and recent,more communicative approaches.And in the book o Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers does McCarthy(1991discuss the vocabulary learning in a discourse dimension over the texts.All the studies in relation with vocabulary and discourse analysis provide future researchers with proof of the validity of vocabulary learning applied in a discourse dimension.However,it’s clear to us all what we find here will only serve as a supplement to conventional vocabulary teaching rather a replacement for it.

3 Students and Their Needs

College students are advanced language learners.Generally when knowing the basic language structure and words,they already can communicate with English.The learning of English in college offers a chance of expanding vocabulary so as to smooth communication and make discourse meaningful,and native-like.But almost all college students are adults,and they are enormously influenced by their knowledge of L1.Their learning process is sure to be full of obstacles and negative influences from their prior knowledge.For example,according to the experience of middle school English learning,students are easily drawn to the surface meaning and usage of the new words and their memorization out of context.Although this learning habit may possibly cast negative effects on vocabulary learning,it is difficult to convince students to change the habit unless better and more effective methods are introduced.And that’s what the next section is all about.

4 Discourse-oriented Views of the Teaching of New Words

Traditionally,the teaching of new words in college levels was mostly incidental,limited to presenting new items as they appeared in reading or sometimes listening texts.This indirect teaching of vocabulary assumes that vocabulary expansion will happen through the practice of other language skills,which has been proved not enough to ensure vocabulary expansion.However,the traditional direct teaching of vocabulary always emphasizes the memorization and its skills which traumatize students’motivation.

Nowadays some discourse-oriented teaching strategies are introduced which make it possible for vocabulary teaching becoming part of the syllabus,and taught on a well-planned and regular basis.

4.1 Teaching of new words by meaning discovering

Nowadays more and more teachers believe the necessity of teaching vocabulary in context.By context,it’s not only easy for students to understand the situation where the discourse is produced,but also possible to guess meanings or semantic environment of lexical items.And Lewis(1993)believes that acquisition is facilitated by material which is only partly understood.Even though new words in natural materials seem like a burden leading to anxiety,we believe students still can understand the whole context with guidance and necessary reading skills.The reading and meaning discovering accord with students’cognitive learning process,and generate better understanding and longer retention of new words.This is also what they will need as users of the language.

By context,students are easy to locate some contextual clues helping them to guess word meaning.Here several kinds of context clues are briefly introduced.“Examples in the text”is the first students often come across.As in the following sentence“The baboon,like other apes,is a very social animal”;the word baboon is rather a new word to students,but“apes”is no new word.And students can easily guess the meaning of baboon without hindering their reading.Second kind of clue is through contrast.Here comes an example“My last apartment was really small,but my new one is quite spacious.”Spacious is new,but the meaning of it is not hard to get,because it’s in contrast with“small”.Cause and effect could also provide with a clue.For example:“Because we lingered too long at the restaurant,we missed the beginning of the movie.”The meaning of“linger”can be guessed out with the help of knowing it’s the cause of the effect(missing the movie).There could be more clues in the text,as long as students pay attention and teachers deliver appropriate guidance.

Of course,after guessing the meaning of a word is done,students should be required to use dictionary to consolidate the understanding and set the fuzzy concept right.Then teachers should bring students back to the context,and help them to explore the boundaries between conceptual meaning,similarities and possible collocations,etc.

4.2 Teaching of new words by introducing collocation

Before we introduce collocation into words teaching,we’d better find out what collocation is?Lewis(2000)defines collocation as the way in which words co-occur in natural text in statistically significant ways.According to Nattinger and DeCarrio(1997),collocations are defined as“strings of specific lexical items that co-occur with a mutual expectancy greater than chance,such as rancid butter and curry favor”.Collocation is the core of Lewis’s lexical approach of language teaching which emphasizes students’production of unanalyzed wholes or“chunks”.And this approach or collocation is deeply rooted in the discourse dimension.(Lewis,1993)

As Hill(2000)states that collocation should play an important part in our teaching from lesson one.On the contrary,traditional Chinese classroom teaching seems to neglect its importance,and it’s high time to make a change.Then we are about to introduce 4 suggestions of teaching students collocation.Firstly,students should be convinced of the usefulness of collocation.Cowie(1999)states that native-like proficiency of a language depends crucially on knowledge of a stock of prefabricated units.Since then students had better be equipped with collocations as many as possible before they produce fluent English.Secondly,after the knowledge of collocations is taught,it’s necessary to arouse students’awareness of collocations,and teach them how to note them for memorization and use.Thirdly,the authentic materials with collocations are to be selected.And the content of the materials should be suitable for students’understanding.(Hill,2000)Finally,since cooperation facilitates students’understanding and foster memorization,the cooperative learning process should be implemented.

4.3 Teaching of new words by using them

College students always complain about their fast memory loss of words.But it’s not only a problem bothering adult students,but also all language learners.Especially,the English language has almost from half million to over 2 million words(Crystal,1988),in which 200,000 are in common use.That enormously increases the burden of word memorizing.Luckily,one way to foster longer memory has been proved to be effective,and that is the using of word.

There are many teaching strategies that aim at putting new words into practice.A traditional one is to jigsaw the whole teaching text into parts each of which contains new words.By asking students to read and pay attention to how the words are used,teachers can make students write their own articles by imitating the usage of new words.The contents of their articles can be different from the text,but the correctness of register and usage of the words are to be assured.Another strategy is by comparing the words in the text with those in newspaper or magazines written by natives.Through comparison and discovery,students are prone to find the nuances between synonyms,and the collocation with other words or lexica items.Though it seems burdensome for teachers to look for authentic materials for classroom teaching,what it generates worth the hard work.Since those materials are written by natives and their writing styles could be varied,it’s easy to raise students’motivations on which students’production depends.And the possibility for them to find materials to their liking becomes greater.The third one is to make students search for their own materials which contain the exact new words,their synonyms or antonyms.This could be carried out in the form of cooperative group work through which each student needs only to focus on one word or a few.The process of searching and sharing could enhance the decoding of the new words.Moreover,the discourse-oriented approach could be put into full play.

Compared with the amount of words outside of classroom learning,the number of words students encounter in class is rather small.Then what matters to vocabulary learning is how to arouse their motivation to turn receptive knowledge into production out o classroom.

5 Conclusion

Recently,the concept of vocabulary teaching starts to regainits popularity among college educators.But its implementation andpractice in classroom settings lag behind its conceptual research.One possible reason is that some teachers are afraid that the em-phasis on vocabulary teaching may lead the teaching back to theantique rote learning.Teachers’insufficient understanding of the new vocabulary teaching theories and skills also add to the failureof practicing.However,the urge for the promotion of students’language overall competence calls for a new dimension needed tobe introduced.And that’s the discourse analysis.By discourse di-mension,future studies could explore the possibility of the applica-tion of vocabulary teaching strategies on college level.And stu-dents’vocabulary learning should also be valued as part of theirlanguage proficiency.

参考文献

[1]Crystal D.The English Language[M].London:Penguin,1988.

[2]Cowie A P.English Dictionaries for Foreign Learners:A History[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press,1999.

[3]Gairns R,Redman S.Working with Words[M].Cambridge:Cam bridge University Press,1986.

[4]Hill J,Lewis M,Lewis M.Classroom strategies,activities and exer cises[C]//Lewis M.Teaching collocation:Further development in the lexical approach.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2000.

[5]Lewis M.The lexical approach[M].Hove,UK:Language Teaching Publications,1993.

[6]Lewis M.Learning in a lexical approach[C]//Lewis M.Teaching collocation:Further development in the lexical approach.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2000.

[7]McCarthy M.Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers[M].Cam bridge:Cambridge University Press,1991.

8.金融英文词汇 篇八

请大家先尝试把下面这句话翻译成英文。

由于我们不是很懂消防训练，因此在训练开始前，我们老师认真向我们讲解了发生火灾时我们应该做些什么。

恐怕大部分同学一开始翻译出的句子都差不多是这样的：

Because we didn't know much about fire drills， our teacher showed us what we should do when the fire happened before the fire drill began.

这句话没有什么问题，表意清楚，语法正确，但所用的单词基本上连小学生都会。这样的句子怎么可能得到阅卷老师的青睐呢？现在，我们一起来对这句话进行词汇升级。那么，进行升级时我们应该重点关注哪些单词呢？又该如何来提升呢？此前，大家首先需要明白以下两点。

1. “动词”是语言的核心和灵魂。例如“我喜欢你”和“我爱你”这两句话，“喜欢”与“爱”一词之差，表达的情感程度截然不同。因此，我们应该首先提升的就是句子中的动词，即上面例子中的know、showed、do和happened。

2. 相对来说，利用英文来直接提升英文词汇比较难。例如，我们要替换掉know，势必要先想出know的近义词。有些同学可能会想到understand或acknowledge，但这两个词用在这里并不合适。笔者的建议就是，提升词汇也要从中文入手，先找出中文的近义词，改变中文的表达法，再译成英文。例如“保护环境是至关重要的”中“重要的”一词，相信大家首先想到的一定是important。英文基础好的同学可能会想到of overriding importance的说法。但如果想不到比important更好的表达又该怎么办呢？此时我们就可以从中文入手，将“重要的”替换为其近义词“必要的”，这样大家就会想到necessary，进而有人会想到essential这个词。

接下来，我们就利用“先转换中文，再提升英文”的思路对上面例句中的词汇进行提升。

①我们不是很懂消防训练。

思路：大家可以不必纠结于“懂”这个词的近义词，而是从整句话的角度换种说法来表达同样的意思。

【中文转换】我们在消防训练上没经验。/我们不精通消防训练。/我们几乎对消防训练一窍不通。

【英文提升】We have no experience in fire drills./We are not expert at fire drills./We know next to nothing about fire drills.

②我们老师向我们讲解了……

思路：大家也许能够想到“讲解”就是“解释（explain）”，但explain还是稍微有些简单。打开思路，你可能会想到“给……以指导”这样的表达。

【中文转换】我们老师在……方面给了我们一些指导

【英文提升】Our teacher gave us some instructions on .../Our teacher instructed us on ...

③我们应该做些什么

思路：对于“做”，我们基本上只能想到用do来表达，因此必须先转换中文的表达方式，比如我们可以换为“处理”等。

【中文转换】我们应该如何处理/我们应该采取什么措施/我们应该作何反应

【英文提升】How to deal with it/What measures we should take/How to react

③发生火灾时

思路：除了用take place和occur替换happen，还有什么办法？在这里给大家讲个小技巧：我们可以通过转换主语来换动词。动作发出者不同，谓语动词必然不同，比如“公园要不要收门票”可以转换成“游客要不要交钱”来达到换词目的。这句话中“发生火灾”就可以转换为“我们遭受火灾”“我们面临火灾”等。

【中文转换】我们遭受火灾时/我们面临火灾时

【英文提升】When we suffer fire/When we are faced with fire

动词换完了，我们还可以对其他一些词进行替换，如将because替换为due to或since等。所有词替换完之后就可以把整个句子写成：Since we didn't have much experience in fire drills， our teacher gave us some instructions on how to react when we came across a fire before the fire drill began.

现在，我们试着将这个方法应用在高考英语真题上。2012年北京卷情景作文中，根据图画内容需要写这样一句话：当我看到公交车离开时，我感到很开心，因为我帮助了别人。大家写出来的句子可能会是这样的：When I saw the bus leaving， I felt very happy because I had helped others. 现在我们一起来处理几个关键动词：

①“离开”还可以表达为“消失在远方（disappear into the distance）”；

②“感到开心”可以表达为“觉得满足（satisfied或content）”，还可以把主语“我”转换成“开心”，表达为delight filled my heart；

③“帮助了别人”可以表达为“为别人提供了便利（do sb. a favor）”或“对需要的人伸出援手（offer others in need a helping hand）”。

经过处理后这句话就可以写成：When I saw the bus disappearing into the distance， a sense of delight filled my heart because I had offered others in need a helping hand.

通过利用中文转换来提升英文词汇，我们最终写出的句子明显比之前的漂亮很多。当然，要想让句子更加出彩，还需要从句型上面做文章，适当应用非谓语结构、倒装结构等丰富句型。当然，饭要一口一口吃，路要一步一步走，读完此文，大家还是赶紧练习一下，先掌握这个提升词汇的好方法吧！

作者简介：

张钦，北京新东方学校优能中学优秀教师，主要教授写作等高中课程及港大面试课程。毕业于澳大利亚悉尼大学，获媒体实务硕士学位；曾担任青岛新闻台《English Today》主播、澳大利亚电视台出镜记者及大型活动双语主持；2003年起从事英语教学，2006年加入北京新东方学校，教学经验丰富。