中国各大城市的历史名称

中国各大城市的历史名称（精选5篇）

1.中国各大城市的历史名称 篇一

中国各大城市的别称

广州———花城,羊城

长沙———星城,潭城

重庆———山城

湘潭———莲城

成都———蓉城,锦城

昆明———春城,花城

武汉———江城

金华———婺城

莆田———荔城

潮州———凤城

济宁———任城

徐州———彭城 大同———平城

嘉兴———禾城

安庆———宜城

西昌———月城 扬州———芜城 温州———鹿城

衢州———柯城

蚌埠———珠城

泉州———鲤城 漳州———芗城

许昌———烟城

惠州———鹅城

柳州———龙城

泸州———酒城 内江———甜城

青岛———岛城 烟台———港城

曲阜———圣城 东营———油城 湘潭———莲城

衡阳———雁城 福州———榕城 大连———滨城

长春———车城 十堰———车城 苏州———水城

厦门———鹭城 鞍山———钢城 呼市———青城

哈尔滨——冰城 齐齐哈尔—鹤城

潍坊———风筝城 石狮———服装城 曲靖———麒麟城

聊城———凤凰城 拉萨———日光城 绍兴———越,蠡城

太原———并，龙城

济南———泉城,历城 南昌———洪城,英雄城

拉萨———日光城 包头———鹿城，草原钢城

南京———宁,石头城，金陵

义乌-中国小商品城。太原-煤城

贵阳——筑城，林城

杭州--杭城

宁波--甬城

温州--鹿城

绍兴--越城

嘉兴--秀城

湖州--湖城

金华--婺城

衢州--柯城

丽水--莲城

舟山--岛城

济南--泉城

大庆/东营--油城

南京--石城

常州--龙城

徐州--彭城

潮州--凤城

上海--申城

成都--蓉城

平顶山--鹰城

蚌埠--珠城

福州--榕城

广州--羊城 花城

深圳--鹏城

东莞--莞城

哈尔滨--冰城

长春--春城

吉林市--江城

樟城--南昌

十堰--车城

青岛—岛城

烟台—港城

重庆--山城

武汉--江城

长沙-星城

湘潭-莲城

洛阳-花城

郑州-绿城

安庆--宜城

太原--龙城

柳州--龙城

南昌--洪城

南宁 ——邕城

西安--古城 唐城 汉城

常德---柳城

北京--首都

鞍山-钢都

自贡-盐都

抚顺-煤都

重庆-雾都

景德镇--瓷都

广州：羊城、五羊城、穗城、仙城、花城

羊城之称来源于一个传说：相传很早以前，大约在周夷王时代，有一年广州大旱，五谷歉收，人们生活困难。一天，忽然仙乐悠悠，天空出现五朵彩云，五位仙人穿着红、橙、黄、绿、紫五色彩衣，各骑不同五色的仙羊，手执稻穗，腾云驾雾降临楚庭（广州）。仙人们把稻穗赠给这里的人们，并祝福这里从此丰衣足食，永无饥荒；又把五只仙羊也留下来，然后腾空而去。人们把稻穗撒向大地，从此广州风调雨顺，五谷丰登；五只仙羊化为石羊留在山坡上。这就是广州就有了“五羊城”、“羊城”、“穗城”、“仙城”“花城”等名称的来由。因为昆明气候温暖，四季如春，百花常开，所以我们称它为春城。因为广州有五羊衔谷的传说，所以我们称它为羊城。因为济南有许多泉水，所以我们称它为泉城。

因为哈尔滨气候寒冷，常年冰冻，所以我们称它为冰城。因为潍坊制作的风筝很出名，所以我们称它为鸢都。因为重庆城市建在山上，所以我们称它为山城。因为宜兴的陶瓷很有名，所以我们称它为陶都。

拉萨－日光城。石城－南京 南昌－英雄城。成都－蓉城。煤都－抚顺 钢都－鞍山 瓷都－景德镇

盐都－自贡 榕城－福州 杭州－人间天堂

香港－东方之珠

拉萨---日光城：

拉萨每年平均日照总时数多达3005.3小时，平均每天有8小时15分钟的太阳，因为拉萨太阳光强，日照时间又长，所以称拉萨为“日光城”。

南昌英雄城的来历：

1927年八月一日，周恩来、朱德、叶挺、贺龙、刘伯承发动了震惊世界的南昌起义，打响了武装反对国民党独裁统治的第一枪。从此，南昌以英雄城闻名于世，成为一座有光荣革命传统的历史名城。

菏泽-牡丹之乡：

菏泽市牡丹栽培历史悠久，明代已负盛名。自１９９２年起，该市举办了“以花为媒、广交朋友、文化搭台、经贸唱戏、开发旅游、振兴经济”为宗旨的菏泽国际牡丹花会，因此称之为牡丹之乡。

吴桥-杂技之乡：

吴桥县位于河北省东南端，面积583平方公里，人口27万，共有449个自然村，几乎村村都有杂技艺人。全国大的杂技团几乎都有吴桥籍艺人，因而流传着“没有吴桥人不成杂技班”的说法。河北省于1987年决定举办中国吴桥国际杂技艺术节，吴桥杂技更加繁荣起来，影响越来越大，延续至今，已成为国内外公认的著名的“杂技之乡”。

海南岛—椰子之乡：

海南省文昌市东郊镇是我国著名的“椰子之乡”。这里种植椰子历史悠久，现在全县有椰树13万亩230万株，正常年产量达2000万个。利用椰子加工椰蓉、椰油、椰丝、椰子糖、椰雕等20多个具有地方特色的产品。

2.中国各大城市的历史名称 篇二

All of us know that some of the main issues confronting the cities all over the world are:

·the continuous fast changes generated by social and economic processes(such as mass scale urbanization);

·the impact of technological innovation(such as the diffusion o advanced communication systems);

·the need to reach a more sustainable and equitable development(such as the reduction of pollution,and the waste o energy,and the provision of sufficient drinkable water and food).

In addition there are processes of social polarization tha increase the gap between the well-to-do and the poor(both a individual and at country level)and there is often an insufficien citizens’participation in the governance of urban changes and developments.

While these issues are common to every society and country each society and country answers in different ways to them.I’l examine the approach followed by western societies.It is obviously a one-sided view,but it is also the only way to avoid teaching lessons on issues that one does not know.And I believe that such an analysis can stimulate further thinking,constructive reactions,and possibly better solutions also in other cultural contexts.

At present urban strategies and policies in Europe are undecided between the need to innovate and the obligation to conserve.There is the need to prevent the abandonment of urban centres bringing into them new activities and residents,to fight traffic congestion and the pollution it produces,to reduce the waste of energy,water and soil,to reach a better social balance and integration,to increase security.I is a long list.

On side this postulates the need for new investments,large scale interventions,physical changes--in a word,it asks for innovation.On the other side it requires continuity with the developments occurred in the past,a certain degree of inclusion within what already exists and also an idea of the future that does not refuse to acknowledge the present.Conservation and innovation are two terms of a dialectic process.

This process has always been present in European societies.Greece absorbed and elaborated the older Egyptian and Phoenician cultures which had dominated the Mediterranean region for many centuries.Rome produced an original culture that had deep roots in the Greek heritage,and later Roman structures were integrated into the medieval ones,as examples from Lucca and Florence show us.Afterward Renaissance recycled Roman architectures introducing new uses,as in the case of the Theatre of Marcellus or used Roman models when it needed to imagine a different new society,such as in Palladio’s Vicenza.A very interesting case of continuity is given by the ancient Hospital of Siena.These are examples which cover a couple of thousand years of Western culture.Let us examine them.I’ll do that through four examples:the recycling of Roman architectures,the continuous incremental development of a medieval hospital in Siena,how to conserve complex,fragile and non homogeneous historic urban fabrics and landscapes such as the ones of Valparaiso,Old Delhi and Jericho.

Continuity

The Theatre of Marcellus was built along the banks of the river Tiber by Julius Caesar in the second half of the First century B.C.The site had been for a long time before the place for theatrical events,and the new theatre that continued and reinforced this tradition became a very important pole of the central part of ancient Rome.The theatre seated almost 12.000 thousand persons and.both in seating capacity and in size it was the largest ever built in the Roman Empire.It was well built and survived fires,pillages and destructions.But when the Roman traditional culture was substituted by newly imported cultural patterns it inexorably decayed and was partly destroyed.In Medieval times it was transformed into a fortress and later,in the 16th century,the family that owned the structure asked Baldassarre Peruzzi,an important Renaissance architect,to build a palace on the top of it.Since then it has been used as a luxury residential building.

The stories of the Roman Theatre of Lucca and the Roman Circus of Firenze are similar.In Lucca the remains of the theatre were during the centuries were transformed into an lively market square with shops and warehouses.Its plan is still well visible.The medieval town around it adjusted to the presence of this very solid structure.In Florence,the remains of the Circus were integrated into new buildings that used parts of the Roman structure to reinforce their construction.

The Hospital of Santa Maria della Scala in Siena was established in Medieval times and since up to recent years it continued to grow Many layers of history can be found there and everywhere there are strong memories.

One aspect is particularly fascinating.The Hospital was a very complex architecture that developed step by step in time according to the needs of the community.It was an important component o the city and of its daily life.In some way it grew as a city in itself with a mix of health services,production and maintenance activities social functions and cultural and religious roles.It was an importan employer and a place for social interaction and exchange.Its location being so central allowed for the constant care of patients by relatives and friends.The big architectural organism had developed around a spine,an internal street that serviced the different parts o the structure.

A couple of decades ago the historic Hospital was declared obsolete,phased out and emptied.New health facilities were buil outside the city and the Hospital was abandoned.The city reacted very negatively to this decision.It was in fact the loss of a vital part o its daily life.ILAUD held several laboratories to see what to do with i and suggested a set of proposals of new uses.

I have so far presented cases of durability and continuity in the history of Italian cities.In China things went the other way around If I am correct in Chinese history changes have been a permanen and structural element of urban life.Each dynasty or each politica system have introduced substantial changes in the physica structure of the cities.While in other cultures it is the existence o a physical structure to witness continuity,in China is the flow o changes to witness it.

But in China there are also very important examples o permanence.The most striking one is offered by the Jing-Hang grand canal of China.It has been in operation for one thousand and five hundred years,and it still plays a relevant economic and socia role,There are no other infrastructure in the world that have had such a long life.

I want now examine an issue that is opposite to the one o continuity:the role of rupture and innovation that the past can play.

Aby Warburg,the famous German art historian,formulated a set of important concepts about memory and its role in the cultura and artistic process.Warburg was the first to develop the theory that the cultures of the past are not only a matter of reminiscence and conservation but they can also play a very innovative cultura role(Warburg).His theory about memory was developed through research on the cultural roots the Italian Renaissance had in Roman tradition and on the relationships between the past and the present that can be observed in some myths of the Hopis,a native Americans tribe.

Thanks to a very sound and careful analysis of the early Renaissance paintings in Florence Warburg was able to point out the rupture of the static representation of events that was typical of Medieval paintings produced by the introduction of dynamic elements drawn from Roman sculpture and painting.This is the case of the Eritrean Sibyl,the“fast carrier of victory“,a Roman symbolic figure of a dancing or fast moving young woman that was introduced in paintings by Botticelli,Ghirlandaio and others to create an unexpected unbalance and change.According to Warburg it witnessed very well the innovative approach of Renaissance that freely used elements of the ancient past to alter the rules of more recent traditions and to create alternatives to them.His contributions have made us aware of the fact that elements of the past can be used to develop thoroughly new approaches and lines of work.The sense of space,of time,of the relationship between light and shadow,and some symbolic elements from the past can be used as devices for subverting the existing order and to break through it.

In the 18 Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte Karl Marx(Karl Marx)reminds us that during the French Revolution of 1789-1814,Desmoulins,Danton,Robespierre,Saint-Just,Napoleon and the revolutionary parties and masses openly took as a reference the model of the ancient Rome.As he says,“They wore the clothes of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire”in order to destroy and substitute the Old Regime.And more recently Walter Benjamin further elaborated this statement saying:“History is the object of a construction the place of which is not the homogeneous and empty time but rather a time filled with now.For Robespierre ancient Rome was a past loaded with nows which he extracted by force from the historical continuum.The French Revolution pretended to be a comeback of Rome.It quoted Ancient Rome the same way that fashion quotes a garment of the past”(Benjamin)

I have spoken in general terms of the relationship between the concept of continuity and the efforts to conserve physical evidences of the past,and on the opposite of the use of the past to create discontinuity.Problems become more complex and difficult when we analyse specific conservation issues.An architectural monument can be rather easily conserved but it is not the same with a cultural landscape.It cannot be frozen at a certain time and must be allowed to continue to live in order to maintain its humanmade and natural components.And there is also a different a more challenging problem:how to conserve an historic urban environment made of poor,decaying buildings,difficult both to restore and maintain.An urban environment resulting from the addition of numberless buildings,each one without any special quality,that once they are seen together can result in a unique and worth to be protected environment.I refer to two very different urban cases.One is Valparaiso,a city in Chile along the coast of the Pacific Ocean which developed in the 18th and 19th century as a port of call o the European ships that had entered the Pacific Ocean from the Eas after rounding the terrible Cape Horn.It is a UNESCO World Heritage city because of its unique blend of North European architecture an Latin American environment.Valparaiso is made of thousands of tiny coloured houses of timber and corrugated iron.Each of them has no specific value and it is difficult to maintain and restore;all togethe create an extraordinary urban cultural landscape.Can the damaged houses be substituted with new ones?Probably yes.And the new ones must be identical to the old ones?Probably not.But how fa this substitution process can go before resulting in something tha has nothing to do with the peculiar origins of this city and does no represent its memory?It is not conservation.

The same happens in a totally different place like Shahjahanabad in India.Old Delhi was founded by design in the17th century by the same Shah that designed Agra.It had beautifu mosques,fortresses,palaces,open spaces.It performed a very important role as a capital city and it was a centre of resistance to British colonialism.

The new city soon attracted people and activities from differen corners of North India and became rapidly a major economic centre It is now an overcrowded bustling place with a very poor population and terrible hygienic conditions.Its urban rehabilitation is very difficult because of the very low quality of building constructions and because any enhancement will force away the poorest people Urban planners are then trapped into a dilemma:to conserve the monuments and increase the quality of the environment at the expenses of the inhabitants,or to keep in the inhabitants and the existing vibrant social and economic life at the expenses of the protection and the enhancement of the physical heritage?

Both Valparaiso and Shahjahanabad with their complex and contradictory problems teach us many lessons about the relationship between history,tradition,memory on one side and innovation and the future on the other.

To deal with their problems means to face issues such as the governance of complexity,the quest for flexibility and sustainability the fight for equity,the relationship between large scale and fine grain,and between public and private spaces.All of them are basic issues in contemporary cities.

Memory

There is another problem related to conservation that is worth to be considered.It concerns the memory of a place,or in a more precise way the preservation of the memory of events that have characterized the history of a city.

The memory is not an objective and immutable truth.It changes in time and according to different actors involved.It is strongly influenced by the cultural patterns of a specific period and can vary if it is an individual or a collective memory.The French sociologis Maurice Halbwachs(Halbwachs)and the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur(Ricoeur)are among the most original and influentia scholars of memory.They have pointed out that collective memory,which is at the base of any conservation project and policy,is a construction that put together different pieces of individual memory and interpretation of them.Many times it does not correspond at all to the outcomes of historical research,but its imaginative power has a much stronger impact.As we know from the studies of Sigmund Freud memory is one of the most intriguing process of the human mind.In a famous letter to his friend Wilhelm Fleiss Freud summarized his ideas about the nature of memory:“As you know,I am working on the hypothesis that our psychic mechanisms took place through a process of stratification:the material presen in form of mnesique traces is from time to time subject to a rearrangement according to new circumstances:to a re-transcription Consequently what is substantially new in my theory is the assumption that the memory is not present once but rather severa times and hat it is set down in different types of signs”.(Freud)

Freud’s concept of stratified memories suggests how to deal with different layers of memory that can be found in an urban environment.Geomorphology of the site,waterways systems street patterns,building types,symbolic places of different periods overlap and mix to produce a composite system.One can selec the ones that fit in better in a conservation strategy.Among them can be found the ones that help to build an imaginary world but also the ones that introduce contradictions and ruptures,and also open towards a better future.

Inventing History

The concept of layers of memory that represent a kind o deposit from where one can take the raw material that needs,and that can interpret and manipulate as it likes does not apply only to the individual memory but also to the collective one.But how this constructed memory can be used and what is the purpose of this use?

These questions have been largely discussed in Europe thanks to the work of historians like Eric Hobsbawm in his essay The invention of tradition(Hobsbawm)and of anthropologists like Robert Borofsky in his Making History(Borowky).

The memory of the past is often considered a basic elemen of conservation but it is not true.As Leslie Poles Hartley says in the opening sentence of his novel The go between:"The past is a foreign country:they do things differently there"(Hartley).It reminds usthe that the past must be carefully explored and understood in its different and unexpected components before setting a strategy for conservation.Some times one discovers that some o them can be used to undermine current beliefs,and to anticipate new developments.The study of the past does not offer recipes and models neither for the present nor for the future,but can give us suggestions for further thinking,and for approaching issues in alternative ways.We should be more aware of this.

Conservation is not an objective action.It is strongly culturally bounded.It is a project and a strategy.And we can and must use i to make better cities for the future.

摘要：城市和区域目前都面对着一些源于自身的、与它们的传统相关的问题。这些问题关系着城市生活,关系着本土化的保存,关系着自然环境和人文景观的保护,也关系着可持续的发展模式。不同文化背景的地区会以不同的方式解决这些问题。采用案例分析的方法来理解这些解决问题方式,是很有意义的。本文选择的这些案例,分布在意大利、欧洲大陆和世界其他地区,着眼于三个主要因素:持续性、记忆和历史的再创造。这些案例包括:意大利卢卡的罗马露天剧场、佛罗伦萨的罗马环形广场、锡耶纳的圣玛利亚朝圣医院;还包括印度的沙贾汉纳巴德、智利的瓦尔帕莱索。通过这些案例,指出历史保护并非一种目标明确的任务,而是有着强烈的地域文化特色的系统工程和策略;而且,我们必须对历史进行保护,才会使城市的明天更加美好。

关键词：历史纪念碑,历史名城,持续性,记忆,历史的再创造

参考文献

[1]Benjamin,Walter,"On the Concept of History."In Selected Writings,Vol.4.Ed.Howard Eiland and Michael W.Jennings.Trans.Edmund Jephcott et al.Cambridge,Ma,:Harvard University Press,2003.

[2]Borofsky,Robert,Making History,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1990.

[3]Freud,Sigmund,The Complete Letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess,1887-1904,:Cambridgem Ma:Belknap Press,1986,

[4]Halbwachs,Maurice,The collective memory,New York:Harper&Row Colophon Books,1980,

[5]Hartley,Leslie Poles The Go-Between,London:Hamish Hamilton(1953).

[6]Hobsbawm,Eric and Terence O.Ranger(eds.),The invention of tradition,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1992.

[7]iMarx,Karl,18Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte,New York:International Publishers,New York,1963.

[8]Ricoeur,Paul,Memory,History,Forgetting,Chicago:Chicago U.P.2004(2000,Eng.tr.2004).

3.认识除法算式各部分的名称 篇三

古井镇古井小学

赵长结

2017.02.11

【教学内容】人教版数学二年级下册第14页例5及“做一做”。【教学目标】

1．在经历操作平均分的过程中，能用除法算式表示平均分，知道除法算式中各部分的名称。

2．在探索平均分的过程中，能语言描述平均分，并进一步理解除法算式的含义，培养初步表述能力，思维能力。

3．经历新知识的学习过程，体验合作探讨问题的乐趣，增强学习数学的兴趣。【教学重点】

知道除法算式各部分的名称。【教学难点】

能用除法算式表示平均分，并用完整的语言表述出来。【教学准备】

20个圆片。【教学过程】

一、复习旧知，铺垫新知 课件出示：

8个苹果平均分给4个小朋友，每人分（）个。算式：

读作：

15个苹果平均分给5个小朋友，每人分（）个。算式：

读作：

二、激发兴趣，引入问题

师：同学们真厉害，连动物园里的饲养员叔叔也知道了你们很聪明，所以想请你们帮帮他，给小熊猫们分竹笋，你们愿意吗？我们先来数一数，看看今天饲养员叔叔为熊猫们准备了多少个竹笋？

课件出示竹笋图，学生数。

然后课件出示4个盘子图。

你们能把这20个竹笋，每4个放在一盘，看看每个盘里可以放几个竹笋吗？

二、动手操作，解决问题 教学例5。

1．动手操作，语言表述，明确含义。

小组通过画、连、圈、摆等方式体会平均分。各组展示操作过程，并表述含义。

师小结：20个竹笋，每4个放一盘，能放（5）盘。2．算式表示，深化除法，认识名称。

师：上面的操作过程和结果可以用算式表示成？ 生展示算式互相说算式含义。（板书：20÷4＝5）

师：“÷”表示什么？ 生：平均分。

师：这个算式怎么读？ 生：20除以4等于5。

师：我们知道了算式的含义，那么除法算式和加法算式，减法算式一样，各个部分都有一个名字，你们想知道吗？ 课件展示： ÷ ＝↓

↓

↓ 被除数

除数

商

三、及时巩固，内化提升 完成教材“做一做”。

第1题，师提问：一共有多少个小圆片？（1）先让学生按要求动手摆一摆。（2）怎样列除法算式？

要摆的小圆片是12个，除号前面写12；每份2个，除号后面写2；可以分成6份，等号后面写6。

读除法算式：12除以2等于6。再说一说这个除法算式各部分的名称。师：这个除法算式表示什么？

把12按照每2个一份可以分成6份。师：可用同样的方法完成下面两道小题。

第2题，学生独立说一说，再同桌的互相说一说。

四、总结评价

通过本节课的学习，你有什么收获？

五、小测（略）

六、板书设计：

认识除法算式各部分的名称

20个竹笋，每4个放一盘，能放（5）盘

除法算式各部分的名称：20 ÷ ＝

↓

↓

↓ 被除数

除数

商

4.酒店各职位英语名称 篇四

董事长：Director

收银主管：Cashier Officer

总经理：General Manager

信贷主管： Loan Officer

总经办：Executive Office

应付主管：Payable Officer

总经办主任：Director of Executive Office

应收主管：Receivable Officer

车队长：Chief Driver

会计主管： Accounting Officer

行政干事：Executive Affairs

成本主管：Cost Control Officer

医生：Doctor

仓库主管：Storeroom Officer

司机：Driver

收货主管：Receiver Officer

文员：Clerk

采购主管：Purchasing Officer

护士：Nurse

电脑工程师：Computer Engineer 查核员：Auditor 财务部：Financial Division

收货员：Receiver 财务部总监：Financial Controller

收银员： Cashier 财务部经理：Chief Accountant

信贷员：Creditor 电脑部经理：EDP Manager

应付员；Payable Clerk

查核部经理： Auditing Manager

会计：Accouter

会计部经理： Accounting Manager

出纳员：Teller 成本部经理：Cost Controller

工资员：Payroll Control

采购部经理：Purchasing Manager

成本员：Cost Control

查核主管：Auditing Officer

仓管员：Storeman 电脑操作员：Computer Operator

采购员：Purchaser

人事培训部Human Resources & Training Division

人事培训部总监:Human Resources Director

市场营销部;Sales & Marketing Division 人事部：Personnel Department

市场营销部总监：Director of Sales and Marketing 培训部：Training Department

销售部经理;Sales Manager 人事部经理：Personnel Manager

销售部副经理：Asst.Sales Manager 培训部经理：Training Manager

高级客户经理：Senior Clients Manager 人事助理兼后勤总务: Personnel Officer

策划经理：Planning Manager 培训部主任(人事干事)： Training Officer

公关部经理;Public Relations Manager 人事文员：Clerk

销售主任： Sales Officer 翻译兼英语教师：English Translator & Teacher

公关主任： Public Relations Officer 文员：Clerk

员工餐厅主管：

Staff Canteen Supervisor

员工餐厅领班： Staff Canteen Captain

房务总监：Rooms Division Director 厨师：Cook

前厅部：Front Office Department 厨师助理：Cook Assistant

管家部：Housekeeping Department 员工宿舍领班： Staff Dormitory Captain

前厅部经理：Front Office Manager 宿舍管理员： Staff Dormitory Keeper

接待处经理：Reception Manager 更衣室管理员：Staff Lockers Rooms Keeper 大堂副理：Assistant Manager

各部门、岗位名称英汉对照

总机主管：Operators Supervisor

楼面经理：Service Manager 礼宾部主管：Chief Concierge

DJ部高级工程师：DJ Senior Engineer 接待处主管：Chief Receptionist

康乐主管：Recreation Center Supervisor 接待处领班： Receptionist Captain

DJ部主管：DJ Supervisor 预定部领班： Reservation Captain

总机领班： Operators Captain

礼宾部领班： Concierge Captain

接待员：Receptionist

预定员：Reservationist

行李员：Bellboy

门僮：Doorman

管家部经理：Executive Housekeeper

管家总管：Asst.Executive Housekeeper

洗衣房经理：Laundry Manager

楼层高级主管：Senior Floor Supervisor

楼层主管：Floor Supervisor

公卫主管：PA Supervisor

洗衣房主管：Laundry Supervisor

布草主管：Uniforms Supervisor

服务中心领班：Service Center Captain

楼层领班：Floor Captain

公卫领班：PA Captain

水洗领班：Laundry Captain

干洗领班：Dry Clean Captain

布草领班：Uniforms Captain

服务中心文员： Service Center Clerk

仓管员：Storeman

清洁工：P.A.Man

客房服务员：Room Attendant

缝纫工：Seamstress

熨烫工：Presser

洗涤工：Washer

弱电值班维修技工：Duty Electrician

娱乐部：Recreation Department

娱乐总监；Recreation Director

舞台总监：Stage Performance Director

舞台主任：Stage Performance Supervisor

康乐领班(楼面部长)：Captain

DJ部长：DJ Captain

舞厅服务员：Waiter/Waitress

健身房服务员：Gymnasium Attendant 桌球服务员：Billiard Attendant 主持：Preside

演员：Actor& Actress 服务员：Waiter & Waitress

DJ员：DJ 咨客：Hostess

工程部：Engineering Department

总工程师：General Engineer 工程部经理：Chief Engineer

高级工程师：Senior Engineer

值班工程师：Duty Engineer

主管工程师：Supervisor Engineer

强电维修高级技工：Senior Electrician 电梯高级技工：Lift Senior Technical

空调高级技工：Air-conditioning Technical

锅炉高级技工：Senior Boilerman 强电值班技工：Duty Electrician

强电维修技工：Electrician

电梯技工：Lift Man

机修技工：Machination

木工油漆高级技工：Carpenter &painter

保安部：Security Department

保安部经理：Security Manager

高级主管：Security Senior Supervisor

艺术总监：Arts Director消防员：Fireman

主管： Security Supervisor 拓展部经理：Marketing Manager

消防主任： Fire Center Officer 各部门、岗位名称英汉对照

保安员： Security Guard

领班：Security Captain 服务员：Waiter & Waitress

咨 客：Hostess 餐饮部：Food & Beverage Department

传菜员：Pantryman 中餐厅：Chinese Restaurant

实习生：Trainee 西餐厅：Western Restaurant 餐饮总监；F & B Director 餐饮部经理：F & B Manager 行政总厨：Executive Chef 助理行政总厨：Asst.Executive chef 中厨总厨：Master Chef Chinese Food 中厨主厨：Sous Chef(Chinese Kitchen)西厨总厨；Master Chef.Western Food 西厨主厨：Sous Chef(Western Kitchen)西饼主厨：Chief Baker 点心工：Pastry Cook 烧味厨师：Grill Chef 厨工：Cook Assistant 管事部：Steward Department

总管事：Chef Steward

主管：Steward Supervisor

碗工：Dishwasher

管事清洁工：Cleaner 宴会销售部经理：Banquet Sales Manager 宴会销售主任：Banquet Sales Officer 中餐部经理：Chinese Restaurant Manager 西餐部经理：Western Restaurant Manager 营业部经理：Sales Manager 酒水部经理：Beverage Manager 调酒师：Bartender

酒吧服务员：Barman

咖啡厅主管：Coffee Shop Supervisor

高级主管；Senior Supervisor

领班：Captain

5.中国各大城市的历史名称 篇五

中国所有城市的精典赋文

中华辞赋是中国文学百花园中的奇葩，也是世界文学百花园的奇葩，尤以中国各大城市为主题的辞赋更是其中的精典，渝帆利用电脑网络之方便，搜集中华千城辞赋于一文，现以省市为索引，欢迎大家观摩： 北京：北京赋

天津：天津赋

上海：上海赋

香港：香港赋 香港赋

澳门：澳门赋

台湾：台湾赋

重庆：重庆赋 重庆赋 重庆赋 重庆赋 钓鱼城赋

河北：河北赋 邯郸赋 保定赋 石家庄赋 秦皇岛赋 辽宁：沈阳赋 大连赋 鞍山赋 抚顺赋

江苏：上海赋 南京赋 南京赋 无锡赋 徐州赋 常州赋 苏州赋 扬州赋

浙江：杭州赋 宁波赋 温州赋 温州赋

安徽：合肥赋 安庆赋 蚌埠赋 淮南赋 黄山赋 马鞍山赋

陕西：西安赋 西安赋 长安赋 延安赋

山西：山西赋 太原赋 大同赋 福建：福州赋 厦门赋 福州赋 山东：山东赋 济南赋 青岛赋

河南：郑州赋 开封赋 洛阳赋

湖北：武汉赋 武汉赋 荆门赋

江西：南昌赋 九江赋

吉林：长春赋 吉林赋

广西：南宁赋 北海赋

海南：海口赋 三亚赋

四川：成都赋 宜宾赋

广东：广州赋 深圳赋

贵州：贵阳赋 遵义赋

云南：昆明赋 昆明赋

宁夏：宁夏赋 银川赋

湖南：长沙赋

西藏：拉萨赋

甘肃：甘肃赋

青海：西宁赋

新彊：乌鲁木齐赋

内蒙古：内蒙古赋 呼和浩特赋 包头赋 鄂尔多斯赋

黑龙江：黑龙江赋 齐齐哈尔赋 大庆赋 哈尔滨赋

北京赋——中国名城赋系列之北京

天汉千城赋

(附注：北京是古老的，但同时又是一座焕发美丽青春的古城，北京正以一个雄伟、奇丽、新鲜、现代化的姿态出现在世界上。)烈烈华夏赤帜,赫赫炎黄巨旌,凛凛祖国心脏,煌煌中华首都。地处亚洲腹里,万里长城拱卫;雄踞东方大陆,七星北斗悬临。坐拥三山五岳,看取攀登皆壮士;怀抱长江黄河,听闻搏浪尽健儿。氤氲呼吸,四海潮涨潮落;大化吞吐,五洲风生水起。返观往古,忆五千年文明跋涉峥嵘岁月;瞻望未来,思七十亿人类均享大同环宇。万众共仰止,天下齐祝之。

北京之为中华国都也,实乃历史生成之瑰果、民族融合之结晶。先民开辟,筚路蓝缕,初沿太行蜿蜒,迤逦而至燕山,北京猿人足迹渺,山顶洞人容貌真。尔乃农耕拓展,炎黄繁衍,地广乎九州,向北达于幽陵。若燕之立国也,左环沧海,右拥太行,北枕居庸,南襟河济,其地偏僻干寒栗枣实仓,其民慷慨悲歌尚气任侠。燕于是连横合纵,逐鹿中原,位跻七雄,昭王以霸。及其衰也,韩赵俱殒,唇亡齿寒,尚有荆轲刺秦:“风萧萧兮易水寒,壮士一去兮不复还!”其气其勇,千载壮之,万古颂之。及秦一统,长城相连,汉唐迄宋,燕为屏障,进则深入朔漠,退则御守墙藩。

至若辽金以降,北方民族崛起。燕云十六州之入于契丹也,城先建为辽南京,继为金中都,再为元大都,熠熠耀耀,金碧渐焕彩,赤赤炎炎,紫气日蒸腾。大都汇聚天下奇珍异宝于内,麇集寰宇物产人才其中,华夷杂处,市声喧闹,天下一统,万国来朝,马可·波罗诧为东方巨都也。若乃燕王靖难,永乐登极,稔北国之物候,嘉藩邸之挟势,乃召儒士问策,咸对曰:“自古建都之地,洛不如关,关不如蓟。”详询之,则曰:“壮哉帝居,宜择天府。燕城形胜甲天下,扆山带海,有金汤之坚;天险地利,亦足制诸边。齐晋为肩,吴楚为腹,闽广为足;浙海东环,滇蜀西抱,气势雄大,规模弘远。虽云长安有崤函之固,洛邑为天地之中,要之建亿万年太平悠久之基,莫燕蓟若也。”帝于是喜,敕命下焉。大明之都于兹而定,华夏中心因以北迁。时光荏苒,朝代更替,燕之为京,绵延至今。

北京之为华夏都城也,繁华尽仍享尊宠,盛衰现以见枯荣。三代湮灭,汉唐远逝,中华古国,垂垂暮年。凛遵祖制,法古守成,世界变化,充耳不闻。顾自独享君权之神授,倨坐天地之中心,天下以君临,万民以俯视,领百官朝贺,受万国供奉。大成殿祭孔,国子生入泮,辉耀兮进士八股题名,荣显兮状元四衢夸官。郑和宝船归自南海献上海路图,利玛窦儒服远至北京贡进自鸣钟。海禁行矣,任西方船舰在我领海游弋;关门闭矣,阻外来威胁于我领土着陆。红夷火炮挡不住吴三桂,锦衣卫难阻李自成。皇明绝嗣,大清继统,康乾盛世,外厉内荏。康熙喜科技只禁番夷教,乾隆爱油画独宠郎世宁,耶稣会士测准日影就职钦天监,大英使节觐见清帝单腿跪丹墀①。天朝上国,海上霸主,两个世界,浑噩撞击,东西文明,一较优劣。永乐大典,图书集成,康熙字典,四库全书,文献汗牛充栋,暂振中华精神之重焕;台湾回返,土司归流,**觐见,****来朝,众族百鸟朝凤,未启封建历史之停滞。若乃近代百年,国力衰竭,北京遭侮,列强横行。皇城重墙难抵帝国坚船利炮,大刀长矛弱于西番火药洋枪。圆明园火于英法,礼仪邦辱于八国,北洋舰队殁威海,克林德碑誌耻辱②。台湾辽东割日本,东北西北划沙俄。总理各国事务衙门拟条款,东交民巷使馆订协约,各大帝国裂地分财同享饕餮宴,亿万斯民血汗迸洒白银输列强。叹神州兮病东亚,哀民生兮多艰难,四万万人齐下泪,天涯何处是家园?国有危难,民必当之。一千三百举人公车上书义举倾朝野,一百三日维新康梁首义赤心动江河。新政光绪帝身囚瀛台,戊戌六君子血染菜市口。颐和园里骄太后,养心殿上豢阿斗。中山兴中,同胞同盟,亟拯斯民于水火,切扶大厦于将倾。花月秣陵王气销,暮鸦啼处草萧萧,尽管有辫子张复辟、平头袁跳梁,难阻历史车轮滚滚。

北京之为中国心脏也,先驱呼吁儿女浴血,黔首奋起民族再生。新文化倡于旧燕园,新青年呼唤新中国。反帝反封建怒火从赵家楼燃起,新民主主义革命自天安门开端。马克思学说进北大,共产主义小组立京师。二七英雄魂催生向军阀统治殊死斗争志,三一八烈士血激起与帝国主义英勇奋战心。詹天佑功勋牢铸京张铁路,孙中山积劳病逝铁狮子胡同,鲁迅匕首投枪刺向沉沉暗夜,李大钊热血肝胆呼唤皎皎黎明。六千爱国学生一二九泪挥北平府,二十九军志士七七血洒卢沟桥。风雨如磐,工农踊跃,红旗漫卷,地覆天翻。北平和平解放,人民政治协商,中华人民共和国傲然挺立,天安门上五星红旗冉冉升起。******向全世界庄严宣告:中国人民从此站起来了!惟我中华,炎黄后裔,千载忧患即刻扫,百年屈辱一旦抛,扬眉吐气自立世界,独立自主九州一同。若夫新中国成立以来,万象更新,再焕日月,重整河山。石景山高炉钢花璀璨,十三陵水库绿波凝玉,历史博物馆挺立正阳门旁侧,英雄纪念碑矗峙天安门前壁。红旗牌轿车驰过观礼台,喷气式战机翱翔上蓝天,两弹一星冉冉升空,九重奏响东方红。东亚病夫形象不再,一穷二白旧貌尽改。紫光阁里千里决胜,五星红旗舒展曼哈顿海空。恢复高考,莘莘学子入庠序;拨乱反正,拳拳赤心向京华。实事求是,谆谆古训启民智;改革开放,恹恹都市步新春。区域空间重布局,两轴两带多中心③,绘宏图于盛世,开伟业于当今。飞桥凌空,银轨穿地,卫星城灿烂,科技园林立。中央电视塔高耸入云,多媒体荧光闪烁中关村。鸟巢别致,水立方神奇,水上明珠亦幻亦真。如辐辏兮,航线朝环球发散;如蛛网兮,路轨向全国延伸。台京直航,拳拳民族和睦志;港澳径归,柔柔骨肉牵情心。神舟航天,嫦娥奔月,民族飞天梦想成真。站立世纪之门,眼观五洲风云,闲看云生云起,我且强健自身。

喜看今日之北京,汲天地精华,撷日月光辉,都乃国际化,城则人文萃。远道来客,八方迎宾,汇白黄棕黑色,聚五洲四海人。聆万国语言,听众鸟和鸣,京腔京韵普通话,华夏子孙国语同。晨光乍起,首都明矣;霓虹斗艳,京城亮矣。滟滟兮金水涟漪清波起,巍巍然故宫角楼红霞聚。乘万寿山观葱笼古木,泛昆明湖眺浩渺烟波。奇社稷坛土玄五色,天坛地坛日月坛坛坛生五色;诧什刹海水映日晖,后海前海中南海海海泛日晖。九衢百廛之通达,连甍邃宇之纵横。四合院无大小因人而闻,胡同无巨细以史而名。清殿戒台白云观瞻道,梵宇琳宫碧云寺礼佛。览图书渊薮,观博物库府,叹芸芸科技馆,赞籍籍大学城。引歌喉婉转,回舞袖蹁跹,阅人生戏剧,绘盛世华篇。西攀太行巍峨,北登居庸峥嵘,山堆皱而万叠,翠欲滴于一色。长城如蟠龙,蜿蜒燕山脊,雄关连隘口,碐磳复险峻。又有玉泉漫流,宛若垂虹;金河澄波,雪练含空。更赏奇峰怪石,幽涧邃壑,茂林澄湖,珍花异果。水有九河,沧沧溟溟;湾有十渡,潺潺淙淙。永定河潜流,潮白渠扬波,奔涛千里,一泻东国。卢沟桥狮望晓月,金台寺壁映夕阳,蓟门晴空观烟树,太液碧水皱秋风,燕京八景景或在,只是面貌已非昨。景色之美丽,山河之雄壮,梧桐栖凤,蛟潜昆冈,只听时代英杰龙吟凤啸,且看奥运健儿凤翥龙翔。

噫吁兮!泱泱古都兮抚今怀昔,晔晔新城兮拥抱未来,牢记光荣兮追踪梦想,民族复兴兮曙光在前。歌曰:日出东方,照亮海隅,天地清宁,山河绥靖,社会和谐,****昌盛。祷我北京,精神硕健,民生为本,科学发展,与天地兮齐寿,共日月兮同烜,乃福乃祉,亿万斯年。

天津赋

丁亥仲夏，日丽风和。有盘山君者，邀九河伯、渤海若，品茗于长城脚下、银杏荫中。汤过三道，果献数盘，主客怡然，言笑晏晏。盘山君遂发高论曰：

“由此而南，数百里内，是谓天津。天津建城，纪虽六百；稽之历史，却逾千祀。更可称道者，北高南阔，右海左河，地理形胜，气旺人和。其北则老夫所在，俯瞰幽燕；旧名无终，今称三盘。燕岳峨峨，参差冈峦。神木灵草，朱实灿然。上盘者，以松胜，虬枝媚，劲干耸；中盘者，以石胜，飞来客，各峥嵘；下盘者，以泉胜，泄珠玉，鸣淙淙。地质上元古界，多有变化；历时十八亿载，颇记沧桑。其南则沃野百里，湿地之都；武清、静海，古为雍奴。波光粼粼，芳菲芷兰。白鹤翱翔，雎鸠关关。团泊洼，助诗兴；东丽湖，今繁荣。最宜人居，允称大地之肺；七十二沽，实为津门胜景。其西则襟带九河，沛然兴波；永定、潮白，南北运河。三岔口，云帆张；海之门，虹桥长。永乐曾渡①，始得嘉名天津；哪吒传说，早有关设陈塘。其东则面迎海潮，日出扶桑；碧波万顷，直通大洋。鲸鲵潜，鸥鸟翔；河海接，物流畅。精卫有志，微木可见寸心；天妃建庙，香火源自航运。此得天独厚之地，唯有福之人居之。是以魏武屡过，得贤才于雍地；太白曾临，发浩歌而佯狂。鸣驺入谷，乾隆四驻静寄；遗爱有路，中山三莅津厢。水西双狮②，犹启大观联想；饮冰真迹③，时有来者瞻仰。风俗关乎水土，山河培养人气。李叔同，允称一代高僧；霍元甲，不忝熊虎之士。管中既见一斑，民风全豹可知。其为人，真诚坦率而不乏幽默；其为言，激昂跌宕而时显滑稽。保家卫国，豪杰辈出；奇才绝艺④，显扬江湖。老夫耄矣，时忆此而自足。”

九河伯闻言，怃然有间，乃莞尔而笑曰：“子之为言，得自然之壸奥；子之自足，却得椟而遗珠。天津之为名邑，固得江山形胜之助，然亦天时、人和凑合之故。上溯百年，国运乖舛；列强肆暴，各逞贪占。划疆强租，吞鲸食蚕。是不可忍，骤起神拳、红灯；兴我神州，结成觉悟、新生。当此时也，东西碰撞，新旧激荡；津门洞开，奇奥舶来。论流通，则有邮政、银行；论信息，则有电报、电话；论制造，则有东局、海寺；论实业，则有开平、永利——斯皆先得风气，长江以北，一城而已。于是，海河两岸，洋楼栉比，勾心斗角，风格各异。廊柱高耸，仿佛罗马花园；庭院幽深，有若巴黎宅邸。五大道，小白楼，千姿百态；跑马场，起士林，灯红酒绿。繁荣或有畸形，文化已接近代。更有仁人志士，遍觅救国良方：报办益世、大公，学兴南开、北洋，剧演雷雨、日出，业振盐化、毛纺。俊彦展鹏翼而翔宇⑤，烈士掷头颅于家邦；河海澄清终有日，红旗会师于金汤。百废俱兴，骋绿野以铁牛；新局开张，若蓝天有鸽翔。梨园行当，名家辈出；曲艺故里，宗匠相承。海河波洄，起乐家之妙思；卫城方正，衬歌者之绕梁。书法名家，挥洒自有面目；丹青圣手，白描不让龙眠⑥。时移势易，闻‘三宝’之屡迁⑦；渊渟岳峙，见津魂之长存。九河汇聚，见证逝者如斯；一点管见，就教二兄高明。”

渤海若冁然而咍，乃盱衡而告曰：“二兄所言，诚得天津变革之渊源，然有所不足者，未见今日龙腾大海、鹤唳九天之壮景也。”盘山君、九河伯敛衽而拜曰：“愿闻其详。”渤海若曰：“津为水德，有海有河，振兴之航，滦水助波。其后，民生优先，廿年如一。连云广厦骤起，陋巷跳坑绝迹。沮洳隰瀐，化为碧波护绕；坎坷隘壈，顿作宽阔通衢。海河两岸，绿茵连片；金街一带，虹霓映天。物流辐射三北，港口直通八方。开发区、保税区，效益飙升；制造业、电讯业，业内称雄。聚才则群贤毕至，招商则列国景从。当是时也，得中央之定位，若扬帆于顺风。更上层楼，滨海擘划新区；再描宏图，登高望远无穷。于是乎，空客莅临，鹏翼正待高举；金融改革，先试先行腾骧。大道再开，津京有如一体；能源喜获，津冀机会共享。天时地利具备，看我人气正旺。二君十年为期，期待更加辉煌。”

渤海若意有未尽，复作颂以申之，其辞曰：“盘山之阳，九河汤汤。巍巍津门，华夏之光。根基永固，如磐如冈。奔腾不息，源远流长。面向大海，敞开胸膛。五洲风来，展翅翱翔。和而不同，二君举觞。我歌我颂，福德无疆！” 注释：

①永乐曾渡：明初，永乐帝朱棣率军由此渡河南下。其即帝位后，在此地设置军事卫所，赐名“天津”，彰显其曾为“天子津渡”之意。

②水西双狮：清中叶，大盐商查家在天津建水西庄，园林极一时之盛。清人袁枚《随园诗话》中，将天津水西庄、扬州小玲珑山馆、杭州小山堂并称为清代三大私家园林。乾隆皇帝曾先后四次下榻于此，并赐名“芥园”。现在仍存当年门前石狮子一对。

③饮冰真迹：梁启超的饮冰室已作为纪念馆开放，其中颇多任公真迹。

④奇才绝艺：民间工艺则有泥人张、风筝魏、杨柳青年画等，传统食品则有“狗不理”等“三绝”。

⑤翔宇：周恩来总理的字。此为双关。

⑥龙眠：宋代画家李公麟,字龙眠，以白描见长。当代画家范曾亦长此道，而成就不在龙眠之下。

⑦“三宝”屡迁：清末天津市民有谣谚“天津卫，三宗宝，鼓楼炮台铃铛阁（读如gǎo）”。三十年代知识阶层中又有新说：“天津卫，三宗宝，永利南开大公报。”本世纪初，有好事者又踵事增华为“天津卫，三宗宝，泰达南开今晚报。”其说虽未尽确当，却可见城市发展变化的缩影。作者简介

陈洪，南开大学副校长、文学院院长。籍贯山东栖霞县，1948年7月生于天津。1978年考入南开大学，师从王达津先生。现兼任教育部中文教学指导委员会副会长、中国古代文论学会副会长、天津市文学学会会长、天津《红楼梦》研究会会长等

上海赋

大江东去,如腾踔之巨龙;黄浦南来,似蜿蜒之玉带。苏州河横贯其中,淀山湖在西边拱卫。一城崛起,三水交汇。襟崇明以掖长兴,缀洋山以临东海。通五洋,连九派,为七省市之锁钥,居长三角之冠盖。耀耀乎,东方之明珠;煌煌兮,世界之都会!粤自往古,地濒汪洋。芦荻丛生,蛇蟹潜藏。河湖港汊,交织成网。荆楚黄歇,封邑吴下,春申江因此而昭昭;紫髯孙郎,建都金陵,静安寺于是乎彰彰。青龙镇首开商贸,千帆竞发;白鹤港生态自然,万类争芳。卤水退而人民迁居,海岸移而始建堤防。烧海制盐,植棉栽桑。黄道婆纺纱织布,松江府衣被四方。上海下海,蟹簖鱼扈①;江头浦尾,鸥飞鹭翔。元初建县,厥有城隍。古城邑庙,金碧辉煌。九曲桥下,新荷凌波而妖艳;六角亭中,清茶溢气而芬芳。东邻豫园,龙脊缭墙。点春堂里,小刀会尝呐喊如雷;丹凤楼下,大潮汛如倒海翻江。邈邈乎,望古老之城邑;猗于兮,阅世事之沧桑。

江左先民,远溯洪荒,断发文身,内柔外刚。开化既久,君子自强。东吴陆逊,谋略高强。克绍箕裘,子肖孙良。陆机陆云,名播洛阳。皎皎《文赋》,日月同光。鲈鱼堪脍,莼羹喜尝。陆龟蒙咏白莲而归笠泽,张季鹰见秋风而思旧乡。幾社吟诗,陈子龙思复国而身事戎行;南冠授首,夏完淳继父志而血荐炎黄。伟矣三烈,沪上之光;郁郁佳城,万人景仰!瑟瑟秋风,怕听华亭之鹤唳;潺潺春雨,更悲外冈之乌啼。扬州十日,史可法身殉梅山;嘉定三屠,侯峒曾血溅征衣。爰及逊清,辈出雄奇。顾炎武在嘉定率军起义,李流芳著《檀园》并擅诗词。虎门一炬,林则徐威震华夷;吴淞一役,陈化成遐迩皆知。堡垒漫留沪渎,青史长书国耻。荣与辱兮并来,祸与福兮相倚。经百载之经营,成一朝之华丽。却不料“一二·八”烽烟再起,“八·一三”倭寇铁蹄。四行仓库孤军浴血,谢晋元独木难支。呜乎!八百壮士同赴死,吴淞江血漾涟漪。天昏兮地暗,八年来沦为孤岛雨凄凄。

噫吁嚱旧上海,百孔兮千疮;吁嗟乎黄浦江,血与泪兮共淌。“五四”运动号角吹响,“五卅”惨案惊动城乡。顾正红振臂一呼,无产者奋起腾骧。中华民族不可侮,上海人民志如钢。《新青年》创刊环龙路,众学人争看好文章。兴业路上石库门,群星会聚论兴亡。七月一日东方亮②,从此诞生共产党。

抚今朝,忆以往,往事历历岂敢忘。小小县城成大都,悠悠浦水连八方。有道是“师夷之长技以制夷”③,“海纳百川,有容乃大”声容壮。前赴后继,来者尤强。邹蔚丹《革命军》一炮打响,章太炎苏报案震撼四方。亭子间,走出文豪鲁迅;霞飞坊,曾是巴金书房。唤睡狮,频频闻《彷徨》《呐喊》;射群魔,往往见匕首投枪。《日出》后常见鬼影,《子夜》时微露灯光。痛矣夫,五烈士身罹文网④;悲乎哉,三剑客遥隔他乡。一时间鬼蜮横行,龙华寺陡变坟场。

先烈血,铸辉煌,上海文化特色强。海派风格,独树一帜,既浩浩,又泱泱。源于画,延于文,扩于诗,成于戏,乃及于饮食与时装,商埠既开,欧风东渐;海内画家,纷至沓来。赵之谦、吴昌硕,独绝千古;黄宾虹、程十发,名重当时。莫不笔参造化,是处追求新意。冶雅俗于一炉,熔中西为一体。奔放中不离法度,细微处更见神思。睥睨群雄,笑傲当世,紧跟潮流,以生活为师,洵海上画派之风格也。

戏剧为综合艺术,更易显海派丰神。话剧最初为文明戏,自东瀛而至沪滨。电影由无声至于有声,戏文从古人演到今人。歌楼舞榭,戏院荧屏,灯红酒绿,月白风清。丹桂茶园,群芳争艳;天蟾舞台,粉墨长新。大世界,群艺芬芳;美琪院,好戏连台。机关布景,能营就魔幻世界;艳丽行头,常塑造绝代佳人。美矣哉京戏,海上派与京朝派各擅其长;妙乎也麒派,《四进士》与《乌龙院》摄人心魂。破程式之桎梏,塑个性之真情。不主故常,与时同进。锐意改革,常谱新声。地方戏争妍斗艳,沪越淮不让京昆。

文化发达,科教昌明。黉门洞开,高校如林。日月光华照复旦,糺缦缦兮卿云;交大同济传工艺,花灼灼兮缤纷。登泰山以望北斗,育桃李以成森林。挥科技之椽笔,绘浦东之宏图;用社科之银锄,筑申江之底蕴。北有宝钢,长江边崛起钢城;南有石化,杭州湾顿现花坪。条条轻轨,似蜘蛛结成网络;悠悠隧道,如蛟龙海底穿行。既有虹桥机场,复建浦东空港。频频兮飞机之起降,渺渺兮雄鹰之翱翔。万里美洲,朝发而能夕至;千寻月窟,瞬息即可登临。磁悬浮如生双翼,体育场绿草如茵。洋山港,巨轮艘艘而停泊;世纪园,游人队队而徐行。东海大桥,如长虹之卧波;西郊佘山,似桃源之幽静。办世博,美玉饰兮金银镶;迎奥运,盼星星兮盼月亮。同一个世界,同一个梦想。圣火传遍全世界,点燃激情闪金光。美哉中华,壮哉申城!科技提高实力,文化铸造灵魂。一条南京路,中华第一街;一泓申江水,酝酿一壶春。或谓上海人精明而欠高明,或谓上海人奢侈而少大方。且看那金茂大厦,欲摩天迤逦不尽;抬头望东方明珠,似利剑直插青云。区区陆家嘴,巍巍上海城。玉兰花向阳怒放⑤,天蓝地绿水清清。永逝矣,冒险家之乐园;再现兮,人民之天庭!注释: ①簖鱼扈:皆渔具,上海又名“滬”即由“扈”字而来。②七月一日东方亮:中国共产党第一次全国代表大会实为1921年7月23日召开。

③师夷之长技以制夷:见清代魏源《海国图志·序》。

④五烈士:即左联五烈士:李求实(伟森)、柔石、胡也频、冯铿、殷夫,1931年2月7日被害于龙华。