同等学力西医综合考试

同等学力西医综合考试（精选6篇）

1.同等学力西医综合考试 篇一

2012年同等学力人员申请硕士学位经济综合模考试题

一、选择题（每小题2分，共16分）

1、我国渐进式改革的特点主要是___________________。

① 把社会主义制度和市场经济结合起来

② 利用已有的组织资源推进市场取向改革

③ 增量改革

④ 适时地推进政治体制改革

⑤ 先试点，后推广

A①②③B ②③⑤C ②③④D ①④⑤

2、对于吉芬商品而言，当价格下降时，替代效应和收入效应的关系是_____________.A 替代效应大于零，收入效应大于零，且替代效应大于收入效应

B 替代效应大于零，收入效应小于零，且收入效应大于替代效应

C 替代效应小于零，收入效应小于零，且替代效应大于收入效应

D 替代效应小于零，收入效应大于零，且收入效应大于替代效应

3、不属于国际贸易当代理论的是______________.A同质产品的产业内贸易理论B 战略政策贸易理论

C需求偏好相似理论D 技术差距论

4、长期性倾销要想成为可能，必须具备的条件包括________________.① 出口商具有一定的垄断能力

② 对手国不报复

③ 国内外市场存在弹性差异

④ 出口国对于国外商品设置足够高的贸易壁垒

⑤ 出口商品的需求价格弹性与进口商品的需求价格弹性之和的绝对值大于1

A①②③B ②③⑤C ①③④D ②④⑤

5、在讨论税收公平原则时，下面哪个不是主要考虑的原则？ ________________.A横向公平和纵向公平原则B 收益原则

C福利损失最小原则D 能力原则

6、根据汇率制度选择的“经济论”，汇率制度的选择主要由如下哪些因素决定？ __________.① 经济开放程度

② 经济规模

③ 经济制度

④ 进出口贸易的商品结构和地域分布

⑤ 国内金融市场的发达程度及其与国际金融市场的一体化程度

⑥ 相对的通货膨胀率

A ①②③B ②③④⑤C①②④⑤⑥D①②③④⑤⑥

7、关于乘数理论，在三部门经济体系中，下列说法哪个不对？ ______________.A 投资乘数的绝对值一定等于政府购买乘数的绝对值

B 政府购买乘数一定大于平衡预算乘数

C 税收乘数的绝对值一定大于平衡预算乘数

D 投资乘数的绝对值与税收乘数的绝对值比较结果是确定的8、财政不平衡的主要原因是_________________.①财政平衡是偶然的，财政不平衡具有必然性

②外部冲击

③无弹性税制

④国有企业的经营状况

⑤意外冲击

⑥地方政府与中央政府的税收结构不同

A ①②③B ②③④C ②③④⑤⑥D ①②③④⑤

二、名词解释（每小题3分，共12分）

1、商品的边际替代率

2、收入指数化

3、幼稚产业

4、赤字依存度和赤字比率

三、简答题（每小题8分，共32分）

1、试说明短期总产量曲线和短期总成本曲线之间的关系

2、主流经济学的短期和长期AS曲线是如何得到的？相应的政策含义是什么？

3、试推导不考虑通货膨胀条件的远期汇率及升贴水公式

4、请说明最适课税理论及其主要内容

四、论述题（每小题20分，共40分）

1、请论述国有产权与市场经济的冲突主要体现在什么地方？以及深化国有企业的产权制度改革的必要性

2、试论述货币政策的信用传导机制

参考答案

一、选择题

1、B2、B3、D4、C5、C6、C7、C8、D

二、名词解释

1、商品的边际替代率：无差异曲线斜率的绝对值，它表示在保持消费者效用水平不变的前提条件下，增加一单位某种商品的消费可以代替的另外一种商品的数量。以RCS代表。呈递减趋势。

2、收入指数化：实践中形成工资上涨压力的一个重要来源是在一定的通货膨胀出现之后，工人以此为理由要求增加工资。如果工资的上涨超过通货膨胀率，那么就会形成新一轮的成本推动的通货膨胀。为此，经济学家建议执行收入指数化政策，以条文规定的形式把工资和某种物价指数联系起来，当物价上升时，工资也随之上升。比如，政府规定，工人工资的增

长率等于通货膨胀率加上经济增长率。收入指数化可以是百分之百指数化，即工资按物价上升的比例增长，也可以是部分指数化，即工资上涨的比例仅为物价上升的一个部分。

3、幼稚产业：具有比较利益的产业处于幼稚状态，经过保护使之发展，具有现实的比较利益。穆勒标准：某种产业由于技术不足、生产率低下、成本高于国际市场，无法竞争，在保护下，能够在自有贸易下获利，自我投资发展，即为幼稚产业。

4、赤字依存度与赤字比率 ：赤字依存度是指财政赤字占财政支出的比例，说明一国在当年的总支出中有多大比例是依赖赤字支出实现的；赤字比率是指财政赤字占国内生产总值（GDP）的比例，说明一国在当年以赤字支出方式动员了多大比例的社会资源。

三、简答题

1、在短期内，产量曲线与成本曲线存在着对应关系。如果说短期产量曲线是由边际收益递减规律所决定的，那么短期成本曲线则是由短期产量曲线所决定的。下面以只有一种要素可以变动的影响为例。短期边际成本和平均成本与边际产量和平均产量曲线之间的关系可以表示为MC=rL/MPL和AVC=rL/APL。即厂商的边际成本与可变投入的边际产量之间呈反方向变动；平均变动成本与平均产量之间呈反方向变动。这就意味着，在边际产量递减规律成立的条件下，随着劳动投入量的增加，边际产量和平均产量先增后减，从而边际成本和平均成本随着产量的增加一定是先减后增的，即边际成本和平均成本曲线呈现U形。不仅如此，由于平均产量与边际产量相交于平均产量的最大值点，因而平均成本一定与边际成本相交于平均成本的最低点。总成本曲线随着产量的增加而递增。由于边际成本是先减后增的：且反映了总成本增加的速度，因而总成本曲线在边际成本递减阶段，增长速度越来越慢；相反，总成本曲线在边际成本递增阶段，增长速度加快。

2、总供给是经济社会中可供使用的商品和劳务总量。在生产技术等因素既定的条件下，社会的总供给量与一般价格水平呈同方向变动。总供给曲线是表示总供给量与一般价格总水平之间关系的曲线。

价格水平影响总供给量的基本过程是，价格总水平影响实际工资，实际工资影响劳动的需求和供给，从而影响劳动市场的均衡就业量，就业量通过厂商的生产影响经济中的商品和劳务的总产量。因此，总供给曲线是根据价格总水平的变动、劳动市场的均衡分析、生产函数再到总产出量的过程而得到的。

不同派别在推导总供给曲线过程中的区别在于价格总水平如何影响劳动市场。按照主流经济学派的观点，价格总水平对短期和长期的劳动需求和供给具有不同的影响，因而总供给曲线有短期和长期之分。

（1）在短期内，由于工人具有货币幻觉，只注重货币工资，并且经济中货币工资通常具有下降刚性，即只能升高，不能降低。结果价格总水平对劳动市场的影响在充分就业前和就业后有很大不同。

（2）在长期内货币工资具有完全的伸缩性。如果价格总水平提高，实际工资下降，那么厂商愿意雇用更多的劳动力，但劳动者并不愿意在这一实际工资下提供厂商所需要的劳动。结果，货币工资必然会升高直到劳动市场再次处于均衡状态为止。

（3）短期和长期总供给曲线与总需求的均衡具有明显的政策含义。在短期内，总供给曲线向右上方倾斜意味着经济可以处于低于充分就业水平，此时增加总需求，导致均衡产出水平增加。长期内，总供给曲线是一条垂直的直线，增加总需求只会影响价格而不增加总产出。

3、(1)远期汇率公式推导：公式只考虑利息率和汇率的关系。

设h代表本国,f代表外国,R为利息率,E为汇率,o与t为时间,Y为货币量: 有Y量本币,存入银行则本利和为:Y(1+Rh)

如果将Y量本币换成外币存入银行则本利和应为： Y·Eo(1+Rf)

如果远期汇率为Et,则到期时应有：Y·Eo(1+Rt)/Et

即一年后将外币本利和再用当时的汇率换成本币的数量

按照一价定律,本币一年的本利和=外币一年本利和用远期汇率折算的本币数量

Y(1+Rh)＝Y·Eo(1+Rf)/Et

Et＝Eo(1+Rf)/(1十Rh)Et即为所求的远期汇率。

(2)升贴水公式推导：设 Y为存入银行的一笔钱

Rn=国内利率E0=即期汇率,Rf=外币利率Ef=远期汇率

根据一价定律：Y×E0(1+Rf)/Ef＝Y×(1+Rn)

推出Ef=E0×(l+Rf)/(1+Rn)

推出Ef/E0＝(1+Rf)/l+Rn)

两边同时减1,得(Ef－E0)/E0＝(Rf－Rn)/(1+Rn)

若Rn数值很小忽略不计，则远期升水(贴水)公式为Ef－E0＝E0(Rf－Rn)

4、最适课税理论是以资源配置的效率性和收分配的公平性为准则，对构建经济合理的税制体系进行分析的理论。

（1）直接税与间接税应当是相互补充的而非相互替代，因为这两大税系各自都有优缺点。

（2）税制模式的选择取决于政府的政策目标。如果政府的政策目标以分配公平为主，就应选择以所得税为主体税种的税制模式，如果政府的政策目标以经济效率为主，就应选择以商品税为主体税种的税制。

（3）逆弹性命题。指在最适商品课税体系中，当各种商品的需求相互独立时，对各种商品课征的各自的税率必须与该商品自身的价格弹性呈反比例。这种逆弹性命题也称为拉姆斯法则。

（4）最适商品课税要求开征扭曲性税收。

（5）所得税的边际税率不能过高。

（6）最适所得税率应当呈倒“U”型。即中等收入者的边际税率可适当提高，而低收入者和高收入者应适用相对较低的税率。

四、论述题

1、国有产权与市场经济的冲突主要体现在：

（1）所有权主体的非人格化资本行为与要求企业以盈利为目标经营国有资产之间的冲突。

（2）剩余索取权的不可转让性与要求企业产权具有可交易性之间的冲突。

必须深化国有企业的产权制度改革的原因主要是：

（1）只有通过深化国有企业改革，才能为体制模式与增长方式的转变提供必要微观基础。

（2）只有通过深化国有企业改革，才能为体制模式的转换创造必要的市场条件。

（3）只有通过深化国有企业改革，才能实现宏观控制方式的转轨。

为了建立社会主义市场经济体制，建立公平竞争的市场秩序，改变国有企业的低效率状况，就必须通过深化产权制度改革，明晰产权关系，使国有企业成为真正自主经营、自负盈亏的市场竞争主体。

2、在信用市场上存在着两个基本的货币传导渠道，即：银行贷款渠道和资产负债表渠道。

（1）银行贷款渠道。货币政策通过银行贷款渠道传导的机制是建立在这样的认识之上，即银行在金融体系中扮演着特殊的角色，因为它们特别适宜于处理特定类型的借款者，特别是小企业，那里不对称信息问题特别突出。当然，大企业可以不必通过银行而通过股票和债券市场直接与信用市场发生联系。这样，减少银行储备和银行存款的紧缩货币政策将通过对这些借款者的作用产生影响。货币供给（M）下降，使得银行存款（D）减少，进而使得银行贷放出的贷款下降。银行贷款（L）下降，使企业投资（I）减少，从而使总产出（Y）下降。

以图式表示，这一货币政策效果就是：M↓→D↓→L↓→I↓→Y↓。

（2）资产负债表渠道。资产负债表通过企业资本净值发挥货币传导的作用，是建立在下面的认识之上，即很低的资本净值意味着贷款者实际上对他们的贷款获得很低的担保，同样，来自逆向选择的损失增大。资本净值的下降，引起逆向选择问题，因而导致减少作为投资支出资金来源的贷款。企业很低的资本净值也增加了道德风险问题，因为那意味着所有者在他们的企业中拥有更低的股本回报，便刺激他们投资于风险项目。由于从事高风险事业使得贷款者收回借款更不可能，企业资本净值的减少导致贷款的减少从而投资支出减少。

货币政策能通过几种方式影响企业的资产负债表。紧缩的货币政策（M↓），引起证券价格下降（Pe↓），这进一步使企业的资本净值下降，由于逆向选择和道德风险问题的增多，因而导致投资支出（I↓）和总需求下降（Y↓）。这便引出了货币传导资产负债表渠道的下述图式：M↓→Pe↓→逆向选择↑和道德风险↑→L↓→I↓→Y↓。提高利率（r）的紧缩政策也引起企业资产负债表的恶化，因为它减少了现金流。这就为资产负债表渠道引出了以下附加图式：M↓→r↓→现金流↓→逆向选择↑和道德风险↑→L↓→I↓→Y↓

信用渠道不仅限于对企业的支出起作用，同样也适用于消费支出。由货币紧缩引起的银行贷款下降势必引起消费者对耐用消费品和住房购买的下降，他们没有其他的信用来源。同样，利率的提高会引起家庭收支表的恶化，由于他们的现金流受到相反的影响。

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2.同等学力西医综合考试 篇二

新闻传播学试卷

Ⅱ．传播学

一、名词解释(每小题3分，共30分)

1．北岩报团

2．三社四边协定

3．《六合丛谈》

4．极权主义理论

5．非语言符号

6．群体暗示

7．整合营销传播

8．广告媒体计划

9．隐性公共关系

10．公共关系公司

二、简答题(每小题5分，共20分)

1．媒介控制有哪几种方式?

2．大众传播效果研究经历了哪几个发展阶段?

3．公共关系中的公众有哪些特点?

4．公共关系有哪些主要功能?

三、分析论述题(每小题10分，共20分)

1．试析《新青年》在新文化运动中的作用。2．试述世界信息生产和流通结构不平衡的表现。

四、实务操作题(30分)

请阅读下面的材料并回答如下问题：影响消费者行为的主要因素有哪些?(5分)在上述影响消费者行为诸多因素中，中国黄酒品牌“古越龙山”近几年的广告活动对其中哪些因素运用得比较多?(3分)古越龙山为什么选择中央电视台作为主要广告投放媒体?请阐述你自己的观点。(12分，字数300字左右)如果你是古越龙山的品牌经理，你认为在2008年奥运会期间，古越龙山可以在品牌建设方面开展哪些工作?请说明你建议的理由。(10分，字数300字左右)

2006年11月18日，记者从招标第二现场获悉，中国黄酒第一品牌——古越龙山以绝对优势价格一举夺得新闻联播后、天气预报前标版以及新闻联播前两个广告标的物，加上2007年在CCTV-

2、CCTV-

3、CCTV-

5、CCTV-12等专业媒体的广告投放计划，古越龙山全年央视广告投放价值逾8000万!据悉，这是古越龙山第三次参与央视广告招标，也是黄酒行业向纵深发展的历史性转折。在古越龙山等大品牌的引领下，现代黄酒业正迸发出惊人的产业潜能，逐步成为酒类行业继白酒、红酒之后的“新势力”。

“古越龙山此番亮相央视招标大会，一举夺得价值逾4000万元的广告标的物，体现了企业以大品牌、大传播赢得大市场的营销理念。”在锤音方落的新闻发布会现场，古越龙山副总经理激动地说。

“作为中国黄酒第一品牌，2004年11月18日，古越龙山首次以6000万元夺得‘中国黄酒第一标’；2006年，企业投入7000万与央视进行战略性合作——与CCTV-5体育频道签署了为期三年的合作协议，共同跨入2008，迎接北京奥运。持续两年的央视投放，为中国黄酒业的大发展打下了坚实的基础，不仅绍兴黄酒知名度大幅提高，古越龙山销售额更是以50％的速度增长，并创下月销售额1.5亿的历史记录。可以说，古越龙山首次以巨资试水央视后，引发了黄酒产业的传播热潮，一个多年保持‘酒香不怕巷子深’的传统产业，骤然被现代理念唤醒。这不但加速了黄酒产业的全国化步伐，更带动了整个行业呈现出良好发展态势。今天，以长三角地区为龙头的中国黄酒产业连续数年以超过20％的速度增长，2005年全国总产量突破200万吨，今年预计突破250万吨，与此同时，古越龙山也走向国际化。”2007年，古越龙山的传播策略将从提升品牌的知名度、美誉度到全面提升品牌消费的忠诚度，把关注变成认知，让消费者不仅知道黄酒，还要了解黄酒、喜欢黄酒。古越龙山深知，品牌的塑造和市场的销售最终依赖于产品的品质。古越龙山董事长指出：这不仅是古越龙山，而且是整个黄酒行业在传播方面必须要做的调整，只有产品在消费者心目中扎下了根，产品的品质得到市场的认可，黄酒的全国扩张才能稳步进行下去。11年前，古越龙山首次推出年份酒，就赢得市场青睐。黄酒市场也由此打开了新的发展空间和利润空间。古越龙山现储存有24万吨陈年黄酒，凭借这一优势，古越龙山高档的年份酒已经占据了总销售收入的一半以上。近几年，古越龙山通过央视广告的投放，极大地提升了品牌的知名度，建立起全国性的销售网络，并在局部地区取得突破，如安徽、湖北、东北、川渝等地区黄酒销量每年以100％的幅度增长。但无可否认的是，不少北方地区消费者对黄酒的认知度还不够，市场消费有待引导。赢得年青人就是赢得未来，因此培育“年轻一代”消费黄酒是古越龙山的使命。2007年，古越龙山在推广主流产品——年份酒的同时，将把新品“状元红”作为一个亮点推出。相信，这种口感淡爽、外形时尚、充满活力的健康饮品必将成为年青群体特别是女性消费者的新宠。绍兴酒俗称“老酒”，越陈越香，越陈越醇。古人袁枚曾说：“绍兴酒不过五年者，不可饮”。据黄酒专家介绍，掺加多量水的绍兴酒不能久陈，正宗的绍兴酒经过长久贮存，不仅能提高品质，还能淘汰劣酒，因此，市场上陈年时间越长的绍兴酒越能卖高价。古越龙山拥有24万吨陈酒资源，这为打造古越龙山中国黄酒高端品牌奠定了坚实的基础。有专家认为，随着黄酒年份酒的市场需求和价格上升，古越龙山的24万吨陈年黄酒价值在200亿左右，堪称黄酒里的“软黄金”。巨大的存储量和精良的品质保证了古越龙山在中国黄酒行业的老大地位难以动摇。在江浙之外的全国市场，黄酒销售的主要产品形态是陈年高档酒，全国市场的加速拓展正在带来高档酒需求量的增加，由此也导致绍兴酒陈酒资源的日益紧缺。在前些年，由于资金、贮存场地的原因，以及对长远经济利益的短视，黄酒企业对存贮工作不够重视，在市场旺销的大氛围下，导致库存量急剧下降。目前，除了古越龙山等个别企业，整个黄酒行业正在面临严重的陈酒饥荒。古越龙山在打造优质黄酒的同时加大了黄酒基础性研究和酒文化的传播。2000年起，古越龙山分别与江南大学、浙江大学联合开展了《黄酒功能组分的检测和研究》和《黄酒保健功能研究》。研究表明，古越龙山绍兴酒中含有γ-氨基丁酸、生物活性肽、低聚糖等生物活性物质，适量饮用，具有排铅、增强记忆力、提高耐缺氧能力、改善骨质疏松、增强免疫力、延缓衰老、抗氧化等保健功能。2006年10月，由古越龙山斥资4.2亿元打造的中国黄酒城如期开游，让人们充分体会黄酒文化的博大精深，切身体验黄酒文化的无穷魅力，这也是古越龙山运用文化营销做大黄酒产业的成功尝试。随着收入水平和生活品质的提高，以养生为主的传统黄酒市场将迎来前所未有的发展机遇。古越龙山坚信品牌的力量。古越龙山2005-2006大事记

·2004-2006年．古越龙山连续三年入选“中国500最具价值品牌”，成为黄酒行业唯一上榜品牌。

·2005年5月，古越龙山携手茅台进入卡慕在全球免税店开设的“中华国酒”专区，开展“中华国酒”天下行活动。

·2005年9月，名人代言“数风流人物，品古越龙山”广告片在CCTV-l强势登陆。·2005年11月，古越龙山入选“中国制造·行业内最具成长力自主品牌企业”。·2006年6月，绍兴黄酒酿制技艺人选首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。·2006年10月，古越龙山成为中国行业标志性品牌。

3.同等学力西医综合考试 篇三

万学海文专业课教研中心

1.试卷内容结构与题型结构

基础医学约50%

其中生理学约20%

生物化学约15%

病理学约15%

临床医学约50%

其中内科学（诊断学）约30%

外科学约20%

题型结构：总分300分

A型题1~90小题，每小题1.5分，共135分

91~120小题，每小题2分，共60分

B型题121~150小题，每小题1.5分，共45分

X型题151~180小题，每小题2分，共60分

2.总体四大命题特点

第一，严格按照大纲命题，没有偏题和怪题。

第二，侧重基础考察，很多基础知识点只是变了一下出题形式。

第三，难度稳中有升，这在临床题目中体现的比较明显。

第四，新增考点为命题热点。

3.学科命题特点

生理学，强调理解，理解的基础上重点记忆。

生物化学，强调记忆。很多知识点可以巧记，利用顺口溜等。

病理，知识点较固定，五门中得分较为容易的一科。大家应该把握住这部分分值。内科学（含诊断），知识点出题细致，所占比重最大。课本中几乎没句话都可能成为考点，所以强调认真看书。并且临床题目需要认真分析，平日多做练习才行。

外科学，知识点相对内科不那么细致，强调记忆。分三大部分，外科总论、普外科和骨外科。每一部分，出题比例相当。

4.复习备考建议

准备明年考研的同学，应该从现在开始结合今年的真题情况，明确自己的复习方向。首先，强调基础。基础知识点在考试中所占比重最大，因此不能盲目做难题，应该抓好基础，拿到这一部分分值。

其次，抓好重点。西综科目多，知识点多。同学们应该以考试大纲和真题为导向看书。也可以结合考研咨询师的给出的重点认真复习。

4.同等学力英语考试大纲 篇四

第一部分 口语交际

本部分共设10题，每题1分，考试时间为15分钟。本部分包括A、B两节，A节为完

成对话，B节为完成访谈或问答等。在每段对话、访谈或问答等口语转写材料中设置3～4个空白，并在材料前给出同等数量的出自材料本身的备选答案。要求考生从备选答案中为每个空白选出一个最佳答案，使转写材料完整。

第二部分 词汇

本部分共设10题，每题1分，考试时间为10分钟。本部分设选择替换和选择填空两种题型，每次考试只采用其中一种。选择替换要求考生根据句意对句中带下画线的一个词或词组进行替换选择，即从所给的4个备选答案中选出一个最佳替换词或词组。选择填空要求考生根据句意对句中的一个空白进行填空选择，即从所给的4个备选答案中选出最佳答案并填入空白处，使句子完整。

第三部分 阅读理解

本部分共设25题，每题1分，考试时间为45分钟。本部分包括A、B两节，A节为段落阅读，B节的阅读形式可以是博客与跟帖或相关短文阅读、短文主题快读、广告浏览等。A节要求考生在对阅读材料理解的基础上从所给的4个备选答案中选出一个最佳答案。B节除了四选一以外，还可以在几份阅读材料的相应位置设置若干个空白，同时在它们前面提供同等数量的备选答案，要求考生根据考题指令从备选答案中为每个空白选出一个最佳答案。

第四部分 完形填空

本部分共设10题，每题1分，考试时间为10分钟。本部分在一篇难度适中的短文中设置10个空白，每个空白给出4个备选答案，要求考生从所给备选答案中选出一个最佳答案，使短文完整。

第五部分 短文完成 本部分共设20题，每题1分，考试时间为20分钟。本部分共有3篇短文，每篇短文自身有3～4个空白。同时，每篇短文前面又设有3～4个带有1个空白的语言段。这些语言段前设有方框，其中为每个语言段的空白提供了相应的备选答案。短文和语言段共设置20个空白。本部分要求考生在理解短文和语言段的基础上完成两项任务：一是从语言段前面的方框中所设的备选答案中选出一个最佳答案分别填入各个语言段的空白处，使相应的语言段完整;二是从短文前的3～4个语言段选项中选出一个最佳答案分别填入短文的相应空白处。两项任务完成后应该使短文完整。

第六部分 英译汉

本部分要求考生把一段100词左右的英语短文翻译成汉语，共10分，考试时间为20分钟。要求译文意思准确，文字通顺。

5.同等学力英语考试（真题） 篇五

The bikes are given to students who have good grades and perfect attendance. Nicole says:” Some kids aren’t as lucky as other, 51 they still do well in school. I think they should be 52 for that.” Nicole has received e-mails and phone calls from parents and teachers that say test 53 are improving. “Bikes can take you far, ” she says. ”GOOD grades can take you even 54 .”

Barton Dassinger is the principal of Cesar E Chavez school in Chicago. Students in his school have received bikes. It’s been a great way to 55 students to do their best,” Dassinger says. “They work hard to make it happen.”

46. A. joined B. created

C. helped D. reformed

47. A. In addition to B. In honor of

C. In line with D. In exchange for

48. A. safely B. happily

C. freely D. quickly

49. A. insist B. accept

C. remember D. ensure

50. A. look -out B. drop -out

C. check-up D. line-up

51. A. and B. so

C. but D. or

52. A. insist B. accept

C. remember D. ensure

53. A. papers B. scores

C. conditions D. methods

54. A. higher B. better

C. further D. greater

55. A. require B. exploit

C. entitle D. motivate

Part V Text Completion(20 minutes，20 points)

Directions：In this part there are three short texts with 20 questions (Ranging from 56-75).

Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Note you should blacken the letters that indicate your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Text One

A. optimistic about

B. a need

C. A third

Phrases:

A. They felt 56 for

B. Most were 57 the future for women

C. Less than 58 of them

In a recent survey, 55% of 3,000 Japanese women polled said they weren’t being treated equally with men at work, and 59 said they expected women’s live to improve over the next two decades. Yet, only 26% of the women said 60 strong and organized women’s movement. In a similar survey of American women, a much smaller 29% believed they were treated unfairly at work, 61 , and 37% said a women’s movement was needed.

Text Two

A. up to

B. collections

C. library

Phrases:

A. introduce you to your 62 facilities

B. check out 63 five books

C. houses our humanities and map 64

Welcome to the university library. This tour will 65 . First of all, the library’s collection of books, reference materials, and other resources are found on levels one to four of this building. Level one 66 . On level two, you will find our circulation desk, current periodicals and journals and our copy facilities. Our science and engineering sections can be found on level three. Finally, group study rooms and the multimedia center are located on level four. Undergraduate students can 67 for two weeks. Graduate students can check out fifteen books for two months. Books can be renewed up to two tomes.

Text Three

A. to understand them

B. to think about

C. not accent elimination

D. give them the most trouble

Phrases:

A. identify which specific areas of pronunciation 68

B. give you some things 69

C. make it difficult for native speakers 70

D. focus on accent reduction, 71

Many ESL learners are concerned about eliminating their accents, but before you run out and spend hundreds of dollars on the latest pronunciation course, let me 72 .

First, the main goal of any pronunciation course should be to 73 , which is virtually impossible. Rather, students should work on reducing areas of their pronunciation that affect comprehensibility, that is, areas of their accents that 74 . Second, with this goal in mind, students need to be able to 75 . Of course, there are universal areas of pronunciation that affect specific language groups, and reading up on these commonalities will help you.

2013年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试

英语试卷二(50 minutes)

Part VI Translation(20 minutes，10 points)

Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Being unhappy is like an infectious diseases. It causes people to shrink away from the sufferer. He soon finds himself alone and miserable. There is, however, a cure so simple as to seem, at first glance, ridiculous: if you don’t feel happy, pretend to be!

It works. Before long you will find that instead of pushing people away, you attract them. You discover how deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and wider circles of good will.

Then the make-believe becomes a reality. Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens filled with grateful friends.

Part VII Writing (30 minutes，15 points)

Directions：Write a composition of at least 150 words about the topic: The possibility of using the mobile phone to study English (or any other subject). You should write according to the outline given below.

1. 我认为手机(不)可以用来学习英语或其他知识

2. 理由是。。。

6.同等学力英语考试真题 篇六

Before the 1970s, college students were treated as children. So many colleges ran in loco parentis system. “In loco parentis”is a Latin term meaning “in the place of a parent.” It describes when someone else accepts responsibility to act in the interests of a child.

This idea developed long ago in British common law to define the responsibility of teachers toward their students. For years, American courts upheld in loco parentis in cases such as Gott versus Berea College in 1913.

Gott owned a restaurant off campus. Berea threatened to expel students who ate at places not owned by the school. The Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified that rule.

In loco parentis meant that male and female college students usually had to live in separate buildings. Women had to be back at their dorms by ten or eleven on school nights.

But in the 1960s, students began to protest rules and restrictions like these. At the same time, courts began to support students who were being punished for political and social dissent.

In 1960, Alabama State College expelled six students who took part in a civil rights demonstration. They sued the school and won. After that it became harder and harder to defend in loco parentis.

At that time, students were not considered adults until 21. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied.

Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services.

Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Today’s parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students’lives. They are known as “helicopter parents.”They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.

26. Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because .

A. they could take the place of the students’parents

B. parents asked them to do it for the interests of their children

C. this was a tradition established by British colleges

D. college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults

27. Who won the case of Gott versus Berea College in 1913?

A. Berea College. B. Gott.

C. It was a win-win case. D. The students.

28. The word “dissent”(Para.5) probably means “ ”.

A. extreme behaviors B. violation of laws

C. strong disagreement D. Wrong doings

29. In 1960，the court ruled that Alabama State College

A. had no right to expel the students

B. was justified to have expelled the students

C. shouldn’t interfere with students’ daily life

D. should support civil rights demonstrations

30. According to Gary Dickstein, today’s “helicopter parents_____

A. don’t set their hearts at rest with college administrators

B. keep a watchful eye on their children’s life and study

C. care less about their children’s education than before

D. have different opinions on their children’s education

Passage Three

We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural word. They don’t move they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to respond to anything Cat least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.

Over the years scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose―to spread information about one plant’s disease so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.

In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offer some explanations. They have identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.

The scientists looked at tomato plants infested(侵害) by common pest, the cutworm caterpillar(毛虫). To start out, they grew plants in two plastic compartments connected by a tube. One plant was infested and placed upwind and the others were uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed to the cutworm caterpillar. The results showed that plants that had previously been near sick neighbors were able to defend themselves better against the caterpillar.

The researchers also studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the caterpillar-killing Hex Vic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapon to fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.

It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. For now though, we know that plants not only communicate, they look out for one another.

31. What does the author try to emphasize Paragraph 1?

A. How plants communicate is still a mystery.

B. Enough attention has been paid to plant talk.

C. Plants are the furniture of the natural world.

D. Plants can communicate with each other.

32. According to Paragraph2, what remains unknown is ______

A. how plats receive and handle the signals from their neighbors

B. why plants spread chemical information to their neighbor

C. how many types of plants release compounds into the air

D. whether plants send chemical warnings to their neighbors

33. The tomato plants in the experiment were ______

A. placed separately but connected through air

B. expose to different kinds of pests

C. exposed to the pest at the same time

D. placed together in a closed compartment

34. The experiment shows that the infested plant helps its neighbors by ______

A. making more Hex Vic to attract the pest

B. releasing Hex Vic into the air to warn them

C. letting them know how to produce Hex Vic

D. producing enough Hex Vic to kill the pest

35.What may be the best title for the passage?

A. Survival of Plants B. Plant World

C. Talking Plants D. Plant Bug Killer

Passage Four

Vancouver is the best place to live in the Americas, according to a quality-of-life ranking published earlier this month .The city regularly tops such indexes as its clean air, spacious homes and weekend possibilities of sailing and skiing. But its status as a liveable city is threatened by worsening congestion(拥挤).Over the next three decades, another I million residents are expected to live in the Greater Vancouver region, adding more cars, bicycles and lorries to roads that arc already struggling to serve the existing 2.3 million residents.

A proposal by Vancouver’s mayorseeks to prevent the worsening conditions. Upgrades would be madeto 2,300 kilometres of road lanes, as well as bus routes and cycle paths. Four hundred new buses would join the fleet of 1,830. There would be more trains and more “sea bus” ferry crossings between Vancouver and its wealthy northern suburbs. To get all that, residents must vote to accept an increase in sales tax, from 7% to 7.5%. Polls suggest they will vote no.

Everyone agrees that a more efficient transport system is needed. Confined by mountains to the north, the United States to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west, Vancouver has spread in the only direction where there is still land, into the Fraser Valley, which just a few decades ago was mostly farmland. The road is often overcrowded.

Yet commuters’suspicion of local bureaucrats may exceed their dislike of congestion. TransLink, which runs public transport in the region, is unloved by taxpayers. Passengers blame it when Skytrain,the light-rail system, comes to a standstill because of mechanical or electrical faults, as happened twice in one week last summer, leaving commuters stuck in carriages with nothing to do but expressing their anger on Twitter. That sort of thing has made voters less willing to pay the C$7.5 billion in capital spending that the ten-year trafficupgrade would involve.

Despite the complaints, Vancouver’s transport system is a decent, well-integrated one on which to build, reckons Todd Litman, a transport consultant who has worked for TransLink. “These upgrades are all-important if Vancouver wants to maintain its reputation for being a destination others want to go to.”He says.

36. The biggest problem threatening Vancouver as a liveable city is .

A. increasing congestion

B. climate change

C. shortage of land

D. lack of money

37. The upgrade proposal by Vancouver’s mayor may be turned down by residents because .

A. they do not want more people to move in

B. they are reluctant to move to new places

C. upgrades would take away their living space

D. upgrades would add to their financial burdens

38. The only direction for Vancouver to further expand is towards .

A. the east

B. the west

C. the south

D. the north

39. TransLink is mentioned (Para.4) as an example of .

A. world famous transport companies

B. local residents’complaints about the bureaucrats

C. local effort to improve public transport

D. worsening traffic congestion

40. According to Todd Litman, the upgrade proposal .

A. will solve the traffic problem

B. will benefit local economy

C. satisfies the transport company