then用法小议

then用法小议（共6篇）

1.then用法小议 篇一

浙江 盘笋

一. have sb do sth

此结构意为“让/请某人做某事”，宾语是宾语补足语所表示动作的执行者，但宾语补足语表示的动作却发生在have动作之后，即宾语补足语所表示的动作在当时尚未发生。例如：

The soldiers had him stand with his back to his father.

士兵们让这男孩背对他父亲站着。

The teacher had us hand in our homework on time.

老师让我们按时交作业。

We had Alice attend that meeting with him.

我们让艾丽斯与他一起参加了那个会议。

注意：此结构用于否定句中时，常含“不能容忍、不允许”之意。例如：

I won”t have you say such things.

我可不允许你说这样的话。

We”ll never have such things happen again.

我们决不允许类似的事情再次发生。

二. have sb / sth doing sth

在have sb / sth doing sth中，doing sth为现在分词短语，在句中作宾语补足语；sb / sth与doing之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。有以下两种主要用法：

1. 多表示“让某人/某物处于做某事的状态”，此时have也可由keep来代替。例如：

His parents had him staying at home all the time.

他父母亲让他一直呆在家里。

The night before the procession, the two cheats had their lights burning all night long.

在举行游行的前一天夜里，那两个骗子让灯整夜亮着。

We have never had women working in this part of our company before.

我们以前从来没有让女性在公司的这个部门工作过。

2. won”t / can”t have sb / sth doing sth含“不允许或禁止”之意，通常可由not allow / not permit / forbid + sb / sth +to do替换。例如：

I can”t have you catching cold. Run and change your wet clothing.

我不能让你感冒了。快去把湿衣服换掉。

George, I won”t have you shouting at me that way!

乔治，我不允许你那样对我大吵大叫。

We can”t have them forcing their views on everyone else.

我们不容许他们把自己的观点强加于其他所有的人。

三. have sth done

在此结构中，宾语与宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的被动关系，所以宾语补足语一般由及物动词的过去分词充当。这个结构一般有以下三种不同的意思：

1. 表示“请/让/叫别人（为自己）做某事”，强调主语的意志。例如：

To keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls joined up.

为御敌于国门之外，秦始皇令人将所有的边墙连成一体。

Mr Howe wants to have his washing machine repaired.

豪先生想请人为他修理洗衣机。

Mrs Smith had two of her teeth taken out last week.

上个星期史密斯夫人请人拔掉她的两颗坏牙。

2. 表示“遭遇某种不幸的事情”，说明宾语遭遇的是一种意外的事故，并不着重说明“是谁使他遭遇这种灾难”。例如：

I had my wallet stolen on my way home last Monday.

上星期一我在回家的路上，钱包被（人）偷了。

Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken by the noise of jet planes passing overhead.

机场附近房屋的窗户有时被上空掠过的喷气式飞机的响声震破。

Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machines.

在一些产业中，工人的听力常被机器噪音所损害。

3. 表示“使完成某事”。强调事情的结果，而不强调动作的执行者。此事可以是别人完成的，也可以是自己参与完成的。例如：

We must have the work finished before the hurricane comes.

我们必须在飓风到来之前完成这项工作。（“我们”可能参加这项工作，也可能没参加。）

She told me she had her house repaired.

她告诉我她的房屋修好了。（“她”可能参加了修理工作，也可能没有参加。）

The nurse will have your temperature taken.

护士要量你的体温。（主语The nurse参与完成。）

I have your medicine prepared now.

我已经把你的药准备好了。（主语I可能参与完成。）

四. have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语

此结构表示主语“让某物或某事处于某种状态，或使某人到某处”。用作宾语补足语的形容词、副词或介词短语常含有动向意义。因此，宾语（人或物）与宾语补足语之间也存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：

It is too hot, so you must have all the windows open.

天气太热，你们得让所有的窗户都开着。

It”s sunny today. You”d better have your flowers out.

今天天气晴朗，你最好把你的花搬到外面去。

Tom is ill. So his mother has him to the doctor”s.

汤姆病了，因此他妈妈让他去看病。

He looked very fat because he had cushions under his robe.

他看起来非常胖因为他将软垫子塞进了袍子里面。

2.then用法小议 篇二

一、动词不定式: (to) +do, 具有名词、形容词、副词的特征

1. 不定式的形式 (以动词write为例)

否定式:not+ (to) do

(1) 一般式:

不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后, 例如:

I'm glad to meet you.

He seems to know a lot.

(2) 进行式:

不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生, 例如:

The boy pretended to be working hard.

2. 不定式的句法功能

(1) 作主语:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

(2) 作表语:

Her job is to clean the hall.

(3) 作宾语:

常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式 (宾语) 后面有宾语补足语, 则用it作形式宾语, 真正的宾语 (不定式) 后置, 放在宾语补足语后面, 例如:

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

(4) 作宾语补足语:

在复合宾语中, 动词不定式可充当宾语补足语, 如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

此外, 介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用, 如:

With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.

二、动名词

动名词既具有动词的一些特征, 又具有名词的句法功能。

1.动名词的形式

否定式:not+动名词

(1) 一般式:

Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

(2) 被动式:

He came to the party without being invited.

他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

(3) 完成式:

We remembered having seen the film.

我们记得看过这部电影。

(4) 完成被动式:

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。

(5) 否定式:not+动名词

I regret not following his advice.

我后悔没听他的劝告。

2.动名词的句法功能

(1) 作主语:

Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。

(2) 作表语:

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在蚂蚁王国, 蚁后的工作是产卵。

(3) 作宾语:

They haven't finished building the dam.

他们还没有建好大坝。

三、现在分词

现在分词既具有动词的一些特征, 又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。

1. 现在分词的形式

否定式:not+现在分词

(1) 现在分词的主动语态:

现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生, 完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生, 常作状语。例如:

They went to the park, singing and talking.

他们边唱边说向公园走去。

(2) 现在分词的被动语态:

一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作, 完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。

The problem being discussed is very important.

正在被讨论的问题很重要。

2. 现在分词的句法功能

(1) 作定语:

现在分词作定语, 当分词单独做定语时, 放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。

In the following years he worked even harder.

在后来的几年中, 他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能, 如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed;the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

(2) 现在分词作表语:

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.

正在这家上演的电影很棒。

The present situation is inspiring.

当前的形势鼓舞人心。

be+doing既可能表示现在进行时, 也可能是现在分词作表语, 它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时, 而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。

(3) 作宾语补足语:

如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:

see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?

(4) 现在分词作状语:

(1) 作时间状语:

(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

在工厂工作时, 他是一名先进工人。

(2) 作原因状语:

Being a League member, he is always helping others.由于是共青团员, 他经常帮助他人。

(3) 作方式状语, 表示伴随:

He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.

他呆在家里, 又擦又洗。

(4) 作条件状语:

(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩, 你就会浪费宝贵的时间。作结果状语:

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.

他把杯子掉了, 结果摔得粉碎。

(5) 作目的状语:

He went swimming the other day.

几天前他去游泳了。

(6) 作让步状语:

Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

虽然雨下得很大, 但不久天就晴了。

四、过去分词

过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求, 要一一记住。

过去分词的句法功能:

1. 过去分词作定语

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.

当选为委员的人将出席这次会。

注意当过去分词是单词时, 一般用于名词前, 如果是过去分词短语, 就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

2. 过去分词作表语

The window is broken.窗户破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight.

他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。

注意:be+过去分词, 如果表示状态是系表结构, 如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:

The window is broken. (系表)

The window was broken by the boy. (被动)

有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的, 不表示被动, 只表示完成。如:

boiled water (开水) , fallen leaves (落叶)

newly arrived goods (新到的货) , the risen sun (升起的太阳)

the changed world (变了的世界)

这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

3.英语强调句型用法小议 篇三

It is Tom who/that has broken the record. It was in this room that Tom was born.

一、在使用强调句型时须注意的几个问题：

A) 原句子是现在时或将来时，强调句用It is +被强调的部分 + that (who)…;若原句子是过去时，强调句用：It was +被强调的部分 + that (who)…

(1) Tom will work in China.---It is in China that Tom will work.

(2) I studied at this schooltwo years ago.

—It was at this school that I studied two years ago.

B) 即使被强调部分是复数，It后始终用单数形式。如

Jim and Tom gave us much help.--It was Jim and Tom that gave us much help.

C) 强调人时，可用who/ that,但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式等时，不能用

when, where, why, how，仍用that，如：It is Jim who / that helps us make progress.

It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed．

It was because of the heavy rain that he came late．

D）被强调成分是主语，who/that后谓语动词要在人称和数上与原句主语一致。

（1） It is I who am right．（2） It is the students who are lovely．

E）被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格，是作宾语的代词，用宾格

It was he that helped me yesterday. It was me that he helped yesterday.

F）疑问句强调：be + it +…that+…? （一般）/特殊疑问词+be + it that+…?（特殊 ） 如：（1）Was it you who put the book on my desk?(2) What is it that made him so angry?

G）双宾语强调：无论强调哪个宾语，都必须根据动词的搭配关系，加上to或for等介词。如：原句：He gave Mary a pen.

强调直宾：It was Mary that he gave a pen to. 强调间宾：It was a pen that he gave to Mary.

（H）强调结构作宾语时要用陈述句语序。如：I don’t know where it is that he has gone.强调主语时，who或that后面的谓语形式须与被强调的主语保持一致。如：

Lily speaks Chinese very well. —It is Lily that speaks Chinese very well.

(I) 强调句型不用于强调谓语、表语、since, as等引导的原因状语从句。

二、 not…until结构中时间状语的强调：It is/was not until+时间状语+that+… 如：I didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night.

---It was not until twelve o’clock last night that I went to bed.

三、反意疑问句：It was Tom that broke the door, wasn’t it?

四、强调结构的判断：去掉it is/was和that后，剩余部分(经调整后) 是否依然是个完整的句子，若是，就是强调结构，否则就不是。

It is a pity that you could not come. （不是）

4.小议动词不定式用法 篇四

关键词：动词不定式；形式；方法

中图分类号：G632 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-7661（2012）01-167-01

动词不定式通常有以下几种形式：一般式：to do被动to be done.完成式：to have done.被动式：to have been done，进行式：to be doing，完成进行式：to have been doing。不定式在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语、补语等成分。

一、作主语

不定式作主语时直接放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词用第三人称单数。To do more practice is right.但更常见的是用it作形式主语，将真正的主语（动词不定式）置于谓语之后。It is right to do more practice.

二、作表语

不定式作表语通常说明主语的内容。例如：All he wanted was to be left alone．

1、主语不定式与表语不定式呼应，例如：To see is to believe．2、主语是由动词转化或派生而来的名词，如果原动词要求接不定式，则表语也应当用不定式，例如：My wish／hope／idea／plan／purpose／intention is to buy a new car．3、主语为all或what从句，表语可用不定式，例如：All you must do is to water the flowers．4、系动词为含有“似乎”、“看来”或“碰巧”之意的动词，表语可用不定式，基本句型为：Sb+seem／appear／happen to do／to be adj.=It seems(ed)／appears(ed)／happens(ed)that.

三、作宾语

不定式作宾语时，不定式的逻辑主语也是全句的主语。例如：He pretended not to see me when I passed．

1、只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词 考生应牢记want, wish, hope, agree, afrord，choose，forget，manage, promise, expect等只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词。

2、一些形容词（包括形容词化的分词）后可接不定式 这种不定式也可以叫做宾语。这样的形容词多是表示感情的，通常有：glad／sorry／sure／able／afraid／anxious／careful／content／determined／easer／foolish／free／inclined／likely／lucky／prepared／quick／ready／slow／willing．句中的不定式与句子主语可是主谓关系，例如：I am very glad to see you．句中的不定式与句子主语也可是动宾关系，例如：Volleyball is very interesting to watch.

3、ask／inform／tell／show／advise+间接宾语+直接宾语（疑问词十不定式）

4、think／consider／regard／believe／feel／make／find／suppose+it（形式宾语）+宾补+（for sb.）+不定式（真正主语）例如：Do you find it difficult to answer the question?

四、作补语

动词不定式作主语补足语时一律带to．①S+be+v-ed+to do。表示动作同时发生。②S+be+v-ed+to have done动词不定式作宾补表示动作发生了（即动作全过程结束了）这类动词包括“四看”：see，watch，notice，observe；“三使役”：let，make，have；“二听”：listen to，hear；“一感觉”：feel。

五、作定语

①它与其修饰的词可能是主谓关系，例如：The next train to arrive was from New York．②它与其修饰的词也可能是动宾关系，如果是不及物，则要用“不定式+相应的介词”的结构，这里的介词一般不可省去。例如：He is looking for a room to live in．当不定式若修饰的名词是time，place，way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上可省去。例如：He had no money and no place to live(in)．

六、作同位语

例如：He gave the order to star the attack．又如：He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up．

七、作状语

不定式作状语时，可以表示目的、原因、结果等。

例如：1、we have come to learn from you.（目的）

2、I'm glad to meet you.（原因）

3、He is too young to join the army.（结果）

不定式表示目的时，常可用in order to, so as to换用。

八、不带to的不定式

①在感官动词和使役动词后，不定式作宾补要省略to。②在would rather（would sooner,had rather，hadsooner）…than，rather than等结构的，than之后用省to的不定式。例如：I would rather go than stay；③在以why引导的疑问句中不带to，例如：Why not have a rest？④在cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but之后的不定式不带to, 例如:He cannot choose but keep silent. ⑤不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。例如：She could do nothing but cry. ⑥为了避免重复，有些不定式可省去。例如：I’m really puzzled what to think or say. ⑦不定式还可用在let fly（投射），make believe（假装）。

九、学习动词不式定需要注意哪些问题？

1、不定式的逻辑主语可以为分以下几种情况：

①与该句子的主语一致。例如：

I came here to attend an important conference.

②该句子的宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。例如：

The lady asked him to bring a cup of coffee for her.

③不定式的逻辑主语有介词of和for引出。例如：

It's very nice of you to lend me so much money.

2、不定式与介词。

介词后面一般不跟动词不定式作其宾语。例如：

不能说：I'll take a rest after to have supper.

应该说：I'll take a rest after（having）supper.

晚饭后，我将休息一下。

5.小议初中英语延续性动词的用法 篇五

何时必须用延续性动词而不用瞬间动词呢？只要句中含有一段时间状语，那被其修饰的动词就只能用延续性动词（否定句除外）。下面就是几种“一段时间状语”的表达以及常见的延续性动词对瞬间动词的替换例句。

例一，“你必须闭上眼睛两分钟。”这句不能译成You must close your eyes for two minutes，因为for two minutes是一段时间状语，所以只能译成You must keep your eyes closed for two minutes或者Your eyes must be closed for two minutes。（be closed属于系表结构）

例二，“他来贵阳有十年了。”有如下五种翻译法：

第一种：He came to Guiyang ten years ago.

第二种：It is ten years since he came to Guiyang.

第三种：It has been ten years since he came to Guiyang.

第四种：Ten years has passed since he came to Guiyang.

第五种：He has been in Guiyang for ten years/since ten years ago/since 2000 .

第五种不能译成He has come to Guiyang for ten years/since ten years ago/since 2000。因为for ten years、since ten years ago和since 2000都是一段时间状语，而come是瞬间动词。

例三，The young man （参了军）since he reached 18。此题由于since从句“自从……以来到现在”也属于一段时间状语，故不用has joined the army，只能填成has been in the army或者has been a soldier。

例四：How long have you left Anshun？这句子行吗？不行。因为How long也是一段时间状语。我们必须把瞬间动词left换成延续性动词词组been away from。

例五：同样道理Could you help me look after my dog while I am out中就只能用am out，不可用go out，因为连词while引导的同样也是一段时间状语。

“一段时间状语”可归纳为如下五种：

1.for + 一段时间名词。

2.since + 过去的时间。

3.since从句。

4.How long（多久）。

5.连词while 引导的从句。

因此只要句中有以上任意一种情况，那以下的瞬间动词必须换成相应的延续性动词：

1.come to /go to / reach /get to /arrive in (at) 换成be in (at / on)。

2.go out 和come in 分别换成be out 和be in。

3.close 和open变成be closed和be open。

4.start 或begin 要用be on 替换。

5.用be dead不用die、用be away (from)不用leave。

6.start to work、begin to teach和get to know只能用work、teach和know。

7.join 变成be a member of或be in 都行。

8.fall asleep/ill 要替换成be asleep/ill。

6.then用法小议 篇六

一、more than 与less than

1.a.more than放在数词之前，意为“超过，不止，以上”，用于此意义时，可以与over互换使用。例如：

My grandfather and my grandmother are more than seventy.我祖父母七十多岁了。

b.more than放在名词之前，表示“不只是，不仅仅”。例如：

He is more than a father to her.他待她胜过父亲。

She is more than a friend to me.她对我不只是一个朋友。

c.more than 放在形容词或副词前，意为“非常，十分”，相当于“very”或“much”。例如：

He is more than selfish.他非常自私。

I was more than pleased with my pay rise.我对涨工资非常高兴。

d.more than 后面接含有can的从句时，表示否定意义，从句的谓语动词必须是及物动词，并与主句的主语逻辑上是动宾关系。例如;

The beauty of Hangzhou is more than words can describe.杭州景色之美是语言不能描述的。（主语The beauty of Hangzhou 是describe 的逻辑宾语）

2.less than放在形容词、数词之前，表示“不，很少，不到，不太，一点也不”，具有否定意义。例如：

The boys were less more happy about having a party.开晚会男孩子们并不很高兴。

The girl is less than eighteen years old.这个女孩不到 18岁。

二、more...than 与less ...than

1.a.more ...than 表示“与其……不如……”“是……而不是……”可以和“rather than ”或“ not so much...as”互换使用。例如：

The book is more like a dictionary than a grammar.=The book is like a dictionary rather than a grammar.=The book is not so much like a grammar.as a dictionary.与其说这是一本语法书，倒不如说是一本词典。

She is more clever than lucky.与其说她聪明，不如说她幸运。

b.more ...than后面接含有 can 的从句时，同样表示否定意义。例如：

Jack has more insolence than I can stand.=Jack 's insolence is more than I can stand.

杰克的傲慢使我难以忍受。

2.less ...than意为“不像（如）……不是……与其……不如……”表示此义时可与“more...than”结构替换（但要注意次序变化）。例如：

He is less honest than his brother.他不如他哥哥诚实。

He is less a teacher than an expert./He is more an expert than a teacher.與其说他是老师，不如说他是专家。

三、 no more than或 nothing more than/only与no less than

1.a.no more than或 nothing more than/only的意思均为“只有，仅仅，不过（=only，just）”，前者多用于书面语，后者常用于口语。例如：

It took him no more than one hour to finish this work.他只花了一个小时就完成了这项工作。

He is nothing more than a teacher.=He is only a teacher.他只是一位老师。

b.“no less than”相当于“as much（many）as”意为“不少于，不下于……之多，多达……”例如：

The audience was no less than five thousand.听众有五千人之多。

四、no more...than 或not ...any more than 与 no less ...than

1.a.no more...than 或not ...any more than 表示“正如……一样也不……与……同样不是，和……一样不”，表示两者都否定，但说话人往往着重否定前面一个分句，其左右相当于“neither...nor”。例如：

He is no more diligent than me.= Neither he nor I am diligent.他和我两个人都不勤奋。

b.表示“不……正如……不……一样”，常用来加重说话者的语气，“not...just as...not”。例如：

You can no more swim than I can fly.=You can not swim just as I can not fly.你不能游泳正如我不能飞行一样。

2.no less...than意为“（至少）和……一样”，相当于“as well as”，它强调的对象是“no less”之后的事物。汉语关联词“不但……而且……”的重点在后面，这与“no less...than”的重点正好相反，所以翻译的时候，应该先译“than”后面的，再译“no less”后面的。例如：

She is no less beautiful than Mary.她和玛丽一样美丽。

Andy Lau is no less a player than a singer./Andy Lau is a player as well as a singer./Andy Lau is not only a singer but also a player.刘德华不但是个歌手，而且是个演员。

五、not more than与 not less than

1.not more than放在数词之前，意为“至多，顶多，不超过”，其意义与 at （the） most 相同。例如：

She has not more than three hats .她至多有3顶帽子。

2.not less than意为“不少于，至少，不比……差”，同 at （the） least 。严格地说， no less than 和 not less than不同，但二者如今均相當于“as many as”。例如：

Our school has not less than/three thousand students.我们学校拥有的学生不下3，000人。

There were not less than fifty students in the class教室里至少有五十名同学。

比较;He has no less than seven daughter.他有7个女儿之多。

He has not less than seven daughter.他至少有7个女儿。

六、not more ...than与not less...than

1.not more...than意为“不如……不及于……”语气常着重否定后面一个分句，可与“not so/as...as”互换使用。例如：

You are not more careful than he is.=You are not so/as careful as he is.你不如他仔细。

2.not less...than意为“至少不比……差”，意味或许还要强一些，但现在基本和no less than混用。例如：

This song is not less popular than that one.这首歌受欢迎的程度不比那首歌差。