m10u3课后翻译答案

m10u3课后翻译答案（共5篇）

1.m10u3课后翻译答案 篇一

Unit11

Key to Exercises

Pair work

1.b 2.c 3.b 4.a 5.b 6.c 7.a 8.a

一、Comprehension Check

1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.T

1.B 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.A

略

二、Vocabulary Study

(一)1.monarch 2.throne 3.ambassador 4.preceded 5.refined 6.rival

7.functions 8.efficiency 9.inspiration 10.spitting11.grace

12.preserve

（二）1.complicated 2.intolerable 3.honorable 4.minutely 5.recall

6.emphasize 7.optional 8.containing 9.compliment on 10.cultivate

11.inevitably 12.concepts

（三）1.for 2.in 3.on 4.to 5.of 6.out 7.At 8.to 9.in 10.for 11.of 12.to

三、Cloze

1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.C

16.D 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.D

课文参考译文

礼仪

1.在上流社会，行为举止、各种庆典仪式都有传统的惯例，其起因

相当复杂。它们的起因之一，是要对当权者表示尊敬。在远古时期，臣民对统治者的膜拜表现在深深的鞠躬、匍匐在地、不问不能开口以及绝不能背对王位而行。有些君主为了使臣民对他们更加毕恭毕敬，又制定了许多繁文缛节，拜占庭时期的帝王们就让臣子庶民亲吻他们的双脚。当外交使节被引见的时候，他必须跪拜在王位之前，前额触地，而君主在高高在上，大使只能仰视君主。这样使君主更能居高临下，目空一切，高不可及。

2.通常情况下，专制的君主都把礼仪变得更为复杂化，其目的不仅仅在于神化自己，而且他们想通过超凡脱俗来巩固自己的神圣地位。因为没有这种保护要想在众人瞩目之下生活，将不堪承受。法国路易十四的王宫中有一套繁杂、严明的礼仪，就是一个极其典型的例子。因为国王和王室被认为是属于法兰西的，因而他们无时无刻不把自己呈现在众臣之前。从起床就寝、祈祷神灵到梳洗更衣无一隐蔽，即使每日用餐也在众视之下，所有子民都可自由进入王宫。

3.这种公开化的生活安排得非常缜密，非常讲究礼仪，使得他的权威和人们对他的尊敬终生不断增加。国王在众臣面前穿衣服，只有作为他贴身男仆的公爵才有资格伺候他穿内衣，担任国王首席内侍的贵族为他脱晨衣，服装总管帮他穿上马裤。所有这些不是表示亲近，但也不仅仅是职责范围，而是令人垂涎的特权。拿破仑就认识到这种君主礼仪的价值。当他称帝的时候，他首先废除了“公民”的称呼，这在革命时期可是一种非常流行的相互间的称谓。他还恢复了许多革命时期废除的宫廷礼仪，他甚至还召回贵族们以旧式宫廷礼节专门训练他的大臣。

4.礼仪可以避免尴尬，甚至防止争执。在正式社交场合中，一般规则是大人物在前，小人物在后。16世纪初，外交活动中谁先谁后还没有形成惯例，势均力敌的外交使节会在宴会中争抢“上座”。后来制定出了一条规则，各国大使按资历深浅为序签署条约，此前常常因为谁应先签而引起争执。这种重大场合制定的惯例可以避免无所适从和意见分歧，对于一些次要场合，也是如此。例如，在英国人的婚礼上，新郎的母亲坐在教堂右边的第一个长椅上，它象征着尊严和地位。

5.在宫廷外，礼仪的侧重点是维护社会地位相同的人之间的平等和谐，但是有的时候社会各阶层也运用它作为对付入侵者的武器，使入侵者懂礼貌、守规矩，以便改变自己卑微的地位。

6.在16世纪的意大利和18世纪的法国，随着财富的日益减少，社会动荡的不断加剧，贵族们为确保自己的统治地位便利用礼仪作为屏障与大众及中产阶级保持距离。而在富裕的社会里，讲究礼仪的社会阶层则能迅速接纳新富者。在英国，当时还出版了大量有关礼仪方面的书籍，为的是教新富起来的人们在他们新型的生活中举止得体。

7.每种礼仪都有三部分组成：基本道德准则、提高效率的实用规则和表面的、比较随意的客套，例如一些赞誉之词，赞美妇女的美丽，或赞美上级的慷慨及尊贵。

8.第一部分主要是同情弱者和尊敬老人。在古埃及只要长者在场，年轻人总是站着。在坦桑尼亚的姆庞古戚民族中，年轻人路过长辈居住的草棚时必须行礼。在100多年前的英国，父母在场时，小孩未经允许只能站着。

9.在一般的社交场合中，实用规则非常有用，人们遵循其规则在聚会中相互介绍认识。餐具中的叉子还没有发明之前，礼仪规定人们应该尽量保持手指干净。当还没有普遍使用手绢的时候，如果有人在地上吐了痰，吐痰人应该悄悄地用鞋底把痰擦掉。

10.典雅生活培养起来的文雅举止是富足安逸阶层所特有的，该阶层还承认妇女与男子享有平等的社会地位。罗马帝国灭亡后，12世纪的普罗旺斯根据复杂的礼仪规范私人生活中的行为，它是欧洲第一个这样做的地区。

11.普罗旺斯的贵族们在完成十字军东征后回到他们的城堡，普罗旺斯因此而繁荣富裕起来，一种理想的骑士风度也随之在该地区逐步形成和传播开来。它提倡妇女的美德与温柔，要求骑士为自己钟爱的女士表达一种纯真献身的爱。这位女士鼓舞他奋进，他可以为她赴汤蹈火，尽管他永远也不可能和他有身体上的接触。这就是浪漫爱情的起源，千百年来它对文学作品产生了影响。而且这种浪漫式的爱情在今天的流行歌曲和一些廉价小说中仍然存在，但被庸俗化了。

12.14和15世纪的意大利文艺复兴时期，上流社会已经形成了一套极其复杂的礼仪规范，例如怎样步入宴会厅、怎样在仪式上使用剑

和手绢。但是它们对下层社会的日常生活却影响很小。有许多礼节的确与一般老百姓的生活无关，他们中的许多人一生绝大部分的时间都是在露天或破旧的草棚中度过的。他们中大多数可能从来没用过一块属于自己的手绢，更不可能拥有一把自己的剑。

13.良好举止的最根本的基础大致相同，如对老人和弱者的关心、避免对他人不必要的冒犯和伤害是各地区各社会阶层自上而下所奉行的宗旨。你会在你自己的日常生活中轻而易举地例举出许多风俗习惯方面的例子，这些都是礼仪的一部分。

2.英语翻译第二章课后题参考答案 篇二

1.delicate skin娇嫩的皮肤

2.delicate porcelain 精致的瓷器

3.delicate living奢侈的生活

4.delicate health虚弱的身体

5.delicate stomach容易吃坏的胃

6.delicate vase易碎的花瓶

7.delicate diplomatic question微妙的外交关系

8.delicate difference 细微的差别

9.delicate surgical operation复杂的/难做的外科手术

10.delicate sense of smell灵敏的嗅觉

11.delicate touch 生花妙笔

12.delicate food美味的食物

Task 2

1.申请书 letter of application

2.报告书 report

3.协议书 agreement

4.说明书 directions/instruction

5.旅行委托书 booking form

6.成交确认书 sales confirmation

7.电视机使用说明书 TV operation guide

8.白皮书 white book/statement, document

9.家书 letter(from)home

10.文凭/毕业证书 diploma/degree certificate

Task 3

1.他只要听到几句恭维话就会得意忘形。

A little flattery would set him carried away.2.答英语卷越认真越好。

You can never be too careful in answering an English paper.3.公费吃喝是群众反映强烈的不良之风之一。

Sumptuous banquets, financed by state money, have long been a bane on Chinese society.4.要筹集2万5千英磅她完全无力办得到。

The raising of twenty-five thousand pounds was a task altogether beyond her powers.5.不屑于干自己工作的人终有一天会发现自己不配干那份工作。

The man who is above his business may one day find his business above him.6.有钱能使鬼推磨。

Money can make a mare go.7.他非常讨厌多愁善感无病呻吟。

He has a strong dislike for the sentimental.8.你认为我幼稚可欺吗?

3.m10u3课后翻译答案 篇三

有

很

多

山

脉

和

河流。Il y a beaucoup de montagnes et de cours d’eau en France.2.塞纳河流经巴黎，诸如拉芒什海峡。La Seine traverse Paris et se jette dans La Manche.3.法国是

欧

洲

最

重

要的国

家

之一。La France est un des plus importants pays d’Europe.4.在这些居民中，有10%的人是外国人。Parmi ces habitant, 10% sont des etrangers.5.这个国家以葡萄酒、香水、奶酪著称于世。

Ce pays est célèbre pour ses vins,ses parfums et ses fromages dans le monde.Unite2 1.中国正在建设高速列车。On est en train de construire le TGV en chine.2.网络的使用让我们不用出门便知天下事。

L’utilisation de l’Internet nous permet de tout connaitre dans le monde entire sans sortir.3.我们的目标是在厨房里使用机器人。

Nous avons pour objectif l’utilisation des robots dans la cuisine.4.我经常在因特网上寻找信息。Je cherche souvent des informations sur Internet.5.电子商务在全世界迅速地发展起来。Le commerce électronique se développe rapidement dans le monde entier.6.我们正处在一个革新的时代。高科技的使用使我们的日常生活简单化了，我们可以在家里购物，与朋友交谈，甚至做生意。

Nous sommes dans une époque d’innovation.L’utilisation de la haute technologie facilite notre-vie quotidienne.C’est a la maison que nous pouvons faire des achats, bavarder avec des amis, méme faire du commerce.Unite3 1.这个展览会什么时候举行？ Quand aura lieu cette exposition? 2.为便于大学生之间的交流，我们搞了很多文艺活动。

Nous avons organise des activités culturelles pour faciliter les échanges entre les étudiants.3.在统一货币使用初期，大家遇到困难了吗？

Est-ce qu’on a rencontre des difficultés au commencement de l’utilisation d’une monnaie unique? 4.为创造一个和平的环境，大家共同努力。

Tout le monde travaille ensemble pour avoir une situation paisible et tranquille.5.现在，欧盟有27个成员国

L’Union europeenne comprend 27 Etats membres 6.多亏该联盟，人们可以自由往来，选择工作和生活场所。

Grace a cette union, on peut se déplacer et choisir librement le lieu de travailler et de vivre.7.我们的任务是发展经济和改善生活条件。

Nous avons pour tache de développer l’économie et d’améliorer les conditions de vie.8.我们将会创建亚洲联盟吗？

Est-ce que nous pourrons créer l’union asiatique? Unite4 1.我想在拿到高中毕业文凭后去法国学习。

Je veux poursuivre mes études en France après avoir obtenu le bac.2.很多年轻人喜欢上大学科技学院，因为在毕业后比较容易找到工作。Beaucoup de jeunes aiment continuer les études à l’IUT, parce que c’est facile de trouver un travail.3.假如将来想做研究人员的话，一定要读博士。Si l’on veut devenir chercheur , il faudra faire le doctorat.4.要上高等学院很难，因为要参加一个很严格的考试。

C’est difficile d’entrer dans lès grandes écoles, parce qu’il faut passer un concours sérieux.5.在法国有国家行政管理学院、高等商科学校，师范学院，政治学院…..你的选择是什么？

En France, il y a l’ENA,HEC,ENS, Science Po...quel est votre choix ? Unite5 1.为了改善居住条件，最近十年来建了许多楼房。

Ces dix dernières années , on a construit beaucoup de bâtiments pour améliorer lès conditions d’habitation

2.“巴黎之友”协会的目的是促进社区的团结。

L’Association<< Paris d’amis>> a pour objectif de favoriser la solidarité du quartier.3.只要有社区活动，居民们就都会积极参加，因为他们都想互相认识。

Quand il y a l’activité du quartier, les habitants veulent bien y participer, parce qu’ils ont l’intention de se connaître.4.院子里有几张桌子和几把椅子，每个家庭拿来一盘菜，聚会就开始了。大家边吃边聊。

Quelques tables et chaises dans la cour, chaque famille apporte un plat, la fête commence.on mange ,on bavarde.5.居民早出晚归，他们没有机会去认识对方。因此，相互不认识。“巴黎之友”协会改变了这种状况。

Les habitants partent le matin , et rentrent le soir , ils n’ont pas l’occasion de se connaître.Donc, personne ne connaît personne.l’association <

> a changé cette situation.Unite6 1.你对你说的有把握吗？你没有弄错？Es-tu sur de ce que tu as dit ? tu ne te trompes pas ? 2.是的，我可以肯定。Oui, j’en suis sûr.3.米歇尔走近信箱，将两封信投了进去。

Michel s’est approche de la boîte aux lettres et il y a jeté deux lettres.4.为了不迟到，他马马虎虎洗了洗，什么也没吃，就出发了。Pour ne pas être en retard , il s’est lavé tant bien que mal , et il est parti sans rien manger.5.每次课后，他都力求把老师所讲的全弄懂。

Chaque fois aprés la classe ,il cherche à comprendre tout ce que le professeur a dit.Unite7 1.有些人认为这项体育运动太艰苦了。Certains trouvent que ce sport est pénible.2.越来越多的人意识到身体健康很重要。

De plus en plus de gens se sont rendu compte que la santé est trés importante.3.每年，许多法国人去山上滑雪。

Chaque année ,beaucoup de Français vont dans les montagnes faire du ski.4.法国人把他们的空余时间都用于体育运动了。Les Français consacrent leur temps libre au sport.5.年轻人参加新的体育活动是为了寻求刺激。

Les jeunes participent aux nouveaux sportsman pour la recherche de sensations extrêmes.Unite8 1.建一个网球场至少要七万欧元。

Il faut au moins soixante-dix mille euros pour construire un terrain de tennis.2.这种金属使其他金属变得更坚硬。Ce métal rend(plu)durs les autres métaux.3.这个剧院被列为国家最重要剧院之一。

Ce théâtre est classé comme des plus importants théâtres du pays.4.我们决定将这个城堡改成一座现代艺术博物馆。

Nous avons décidé de transformer ce château en un musse d’arts modernes.5.在这个地区开采稀有金属是可能的。

Il est possible d’exploiter un métal rare dans cette région.Unite9 1.好主意，我完全同意你（的意见）。Bonne idée , je suis tout â fait d’accord avec toi.2.他什么都不怕，而你呢，什么都怕。Il n’a peur de rien.Et toi , tu as peur de tout.3.天黑了，孩子们还没回来，她开始担忧了。

Il fait noir , les enfants ne sont pas encore rentrés.Elle a commencé à s’inquiéter 4.她夜以继

日

地

工

作，最

后

终

于

成功了。Elle travaillait nuit et jour, enfin ,elle a réussi 5.明天晚上，大学生们将组织一个露天晚会

Demain soir , les étudiants organiseront une soirée en plein air.Unite10 1.这位伟大的建筑师受到了所有人的赞赏和尊敬。Ce grand architecte est admiré et respecté par tout le monde.2.系主任建议他留校当老师。

Le directeur du département lui conseille de rester à l’ école comme professeur.3.皮埃尔在地下室安装了一台仪器。Pierre a installé un appareil au sous-sol.4.她被小城的美丽风光吸引了。

4.m10u3课后翻译答案 篇四

Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes.The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。从前，大学是一象牙塔，学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段，但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。(shrink;gone are the days;a means to an end)

Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and the students are becoming more and more practical.Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.我从未指望靠上课来学好这门课。但我确实去听课，因为在课上我能了解这门课的重点，学会如何组织材料、如何推理。(hope;by doing …;the place where)

I never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures.But I did go to lectures, for it was the place where I could get the important points of the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason.我一直想方设法解决这个难题，但就是找不到满意的答案。可是当我去厨房喝饮料的时候，我突然间灵机一动，意识到解决问题的方法实际上可能很简单。(work out;click)

Although I have been trying every means to solve the problem, I cannot work out a satisfactory solution.But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple.Unit 3这些文件很重要，内容要绝对保密。如果要处理掉的话，应先把它们切碎，而不是直接当垃圾扔掉。(content of which;tear up;instead of)

These are important documents, the content of which should be kept strictly

confidential.If you need to dispose them, you must shred them instead of throwing them out with the trash.现在，像伪造支票、身份证和信用卡这类的白领犯罪已变得相当普遍。尽管我们学会了许多防止被骗的招数，可是看起来我们随时都可能被骗。(forge;prevent…from)

Nowadays, white-collar crimes such as forging checks, ID cards and credit cards have become very common.Though we have learnt much about how to prevent ourselves from being cheated, it seems that we could be its victims at any time.地震已过去了好几个月，生活恢复了正常。人们与平时一样忙着各自的事情。但一个无法回避的事实是，地震给人们带来的精神创伤也许永远无法抹去。(go about;there is no escaping the fact that…;mental trauma;wipe out)

It has been several months since the earthquake.Life has returned to normal, and people are busy going about their business.But there is no escaping the fact that the mental trauma the earthquake brought to people will never be wiped out.为什么说一个图书馆拥有大量可供随时阅览的新书及电子图书资源很重要呢？因为那样的话，学者们就可以了解自己学科领域里的最新进展，知道自己的研究是否有价值。(matter;readily available to;if so)

Why does it matter that a library has many new books and electronic resources readily available to the readers? This is because if so, the scholars know the latest development in their own fields and know whether their research is valuable.Unit 4这个消息来得如此突然、如此令人震惊，我在沙发上呆呆地坐了几分钟。我的第一本能就是赶紧打电话把这件事告诉领导，看看我们能为那些在这起交通事故中死伤的同事做些什么。(so… that;first instinct)

So sudden, so striking was the news that I sat motionless on sofa for a few minutes.My first instinct was to call our leaders to tell them what had happened and see what we can do for those colleagues who died or got injured in this traffic accident.2 纸版的儿童书与电子书相比有很大的优势。对孩子们来说，一本印刷精美的纸版书不仅是一本书也是一个玩具。读纸版书的感觉与在屏幕上读书的感觉是很不同的。(have advantage over;be different from)

Paper books for children have an enormous advantage over e-books.For children, a beautifully printed paper book is not only a book but also a toy they can play with.Reading a paper book is rather different from reading a book on the screen.3近年来在西方国家，传统媒体呈现出衰退的趋势，新媒体迅速发展。然而新媒体的收入又不足以弥补传统媒体丢失的市场份额。（in the tendency of;not necessarily;when it comes to）

In recent years, traditional media in the western countries are in the tendency of decline and new media are developing rapidly.However, this does not necessarily mean that tradition media have lost the market.When it comes to reading things like news, people are still used to such traditional media as newspaper.随着金融危机的爆发，许多企业陷入了困境。对于那些因缺乏流动资金无法进行再生产又不想让恶性循环继续下去的企业，他们唯一能做的事情就是向政府求助。(find oneself in difficulty;turn to)

With the explosion of the financial crisis, many enterprises find themselves in difficulties.For those who have no circulating fund to invest on new production and would not let the vicious circle continue, the only thing they can do is to turn to government for help.Unit 8

1.整天把自己埋在书本里是没有用的。要培养一些业余爱好，每隔一段时间参加一些体育锻炼或课外活动。劳逸结合才是健康的学习习惯。(it’s no use doing sth;take up;at intervals;extracurricular activities)

It’s no use burying yourselves in books all day.You’d better take up some hobbies and take part in sports or extracurricular activities at intervals.A healthy study habit is to keep a balance between work and rest.2.工作选对了，不但是可以维持生计的手段，还来可以帮你摆脱无聊，是你不用担心接受了多年的高等教育之后会虚度人生。(a means of sustenance;banish sth from one’s mind)

If your job is rightly chosen, it will not only give you a means of sustenance, but also help escape from the boredom and banish from you mind the worry about learning a meaningless life after so many years of higher education.3.手头没有事情可做时，他常常主动帮助社区做些义务劳动。很有可能是受到他的影响，社区里越来越多的人加入到了志愿者的行列。(at hand;it may well be that)

When he had nothing to do at hand, he used to do volunteer to do something for his community.It may well be that under his influence more and more people in the community joined in to become volunteers.4.我以前看电视连续剧常常看到深夜，这太费时间，还影响我的健康和体型。为了避免诱惑，我把电视机搬出了我的屋子，开始从事别的休闲活动，比如读书、弹钢琴。(risk;take up)I used to watch TV series late into the night, which took up too much time and risked my health and shape.To avoid temptation, I removed the TV set from my room and took up other leisure activities such as reading and playing piano.Unit 9

1.如今对中国的中学毕业生而言，上大学已经不是什么太困难的事情了，因为现在大学的数量已经是二十年前的三倍。但是，要被一流大学录取，你还是要比同龄人有更强的竞争力才行。(times…as many…)

Nowadays in china, it’s no longer so hard for high school graduates to go to university, because there are three times as many universities as there were 20 years ago.But to be admitted by a first-class university, you still need to be more competitive than your peers.2.你花钱参加这个项目是很值的，因为你从中获取的职业技能可以改善你的就业前景，而且你所有的努力终将会得到回报。(acquire;prospects;pay off)

It is worthwhile to spend money on this project, for the career skills you acquire in the process will help improve your prospects in your search for a job and all your efforts will eventually pay off.3.虽然通过和这些志愿者并肩工作，我可以学会怎样与他人合作，但我得叫参加费。我不得不承认为此我正在花更多的时间去兼职挣钱，这让我总觉的时间不够用。(work side by side with/alongside …;acknowledge;save up for)

Though I can learn teamwork by working side by side with these volunteers, I need to pay for the participation.I have to acknowledge that I am now spending more time doing part-time jobs to save up for the project, which makes me feel a shortage of time.4.不同的运动在身高、年龄、力量、耐力等方面对参加者有不同的要求。因此有多少种运动就有多少种类型的运动员。想参加运动的人总能找到合适的项目。(in terms of;as many …as;no doubt)

Different sports have different requirements in terms of height, age, strength and

5.B2U5课文翻译及课后练习答案 篇五

Dreams In-Class Reading

Are You A Dreamer?

你做梦吗？ 梦，我们为什么会做梦？梦有意义吗？真的有梦中所见之事成为现实这种事吗？几千年来人们对这些问题一直很感兴趣。过去几十年的科学发展使我们对睡眠的自然过程有了更多的认识，然而对于与梦有关的诸多问题依然没有最终答案，这些问题还在继续困惑着我们。2 人人都做梦——只不过有些人不记得做过梦罢了。人类脑电波的记录显示我们所有人入睡后就进入做梦状态。夜晚的大部分时间我们都在做梦，但只有当我们处在REM（眼球迅速转动）睡眠阶段时醒来才会记住所做的梦。眼球迅速转动阶段便是我们做梦的时候。每晚我们有四个或五个REM睡眠阶段，第一次出现在入睡后的90分钟左右。此后，梦期每90分钟复现一次，每次持续15到45分钟，持续时间随着夜晚的深入逐渐延长。3 睡眠的主要目的（除让我们休息外）也许就是让我们做梦——让我们以一种截然不同的方式回顾我们的生活、我们的忧虑和希望，以及在潜意识中观察自我，把不再需要的资料从记忆中剔除。有些梦可能是由简单的生理原因引起的。例如，梦到在灼热的煤块上行走很可能是由睡眠时脚太靠近取暖器引起的。而梦到想跑但两腿却动弹不了这种令人沮丧的境况，也许是被子裹得太紧的缘故。闹铃响了而依然熟睡的人则很可能会梦到门铃或电话铃响。所有这些都是潜意识和意识共同引导和启示我们的简单例子。不过这些从生理角度进行的解释尚不足以说明为什么我们会做梦。有些人认为梦纯粹是无稽之谈，仅仅是人脑中电脉冲无的放矢的结果，然而，有些人则认为即便是最简单的梦也具有重要的含义。有些梦反映的内心忧虑是立即可以识别的。梦见失去工作或者没了房子，也许是反映了真实的忧虑，即便这些忧虑只是潜意识的。我们大多数人都梦见过必须参加一门很难的课程的期末考试，也许是一门从未修过的课，也许是一门学得很糟糕的课。但是，有一些梦并没有这样明显的含义，对它们该如何解析呢？多少世纪以来，男男女女都从所谓的解梦字典中寻找答案，这类字典最早的有可能可以追溯到公元前5000年。根据这些字典，梦见喝酒意味着短命，而梦见喝水则预示着长寿。一直到公元200年，解梦字典受欢迎的程度仍丝毫未减。当时，古希腊的阿特米多鲁斯写了一部长达五卷的书，书中解析了3000多个梦，列举了一系列的梦符，诸如右手（表示父亲），左手（表示母亲），以及海豚（表示好兆头）。如今，图书馆和书店里有无数解析梦的书籍。对于那些解梦爱好者来说，它们依然深受欢迎。然而，多数专家警告说，读这些书时要非常谨慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼思·桑德斯解释说：“梦与每个人的心理密切相关，因此分析往往容易出现错误和偏差。我认为，只有当你了解做某个梦的人时，才能发现这个梦的真正含义。”

After-Class Reading

成为现实的梦 1965 年11月7 日的晚上，玛丽·都特瑞做了一个噩梦。她忘不了那个梦，她的丈夫乔治也忘不了。她是这么讲述自己的梦的：“我梦见夜里自己在一座山上，电闪雷鸣，然后我看见天上一道亮光，一声巨大的撞击声后，我听到四处都是尖叫声。”

玛丽说，她随后看见地上有一只手。她感到有些害怕，但还是走上前去。然后她看见了一只胳膊，胳膊的那头是些尸体碎块。她说在梦里她尖叫起来：“快来人哪！”然后她看见一些人抬着一个大柳条筐，他们把尸体放进筐里后就走了。玛丽惊醒时还在叫喊着。“玛丽！”乔治俯下身，推推她。“怎么了？”他问。玛丽告诉他：“我刚才梦见你飞机失事死了。噢，乔治，求求你不要坐那趟去辛辛那提的航班。” 玛丽求他不要去，但是乔治不听她的劝阻。然而，在开车去机场的路上，乔治开始感到有点不对头。接着他看见一架飞机从头顶飞过，心慌得怦怦直跳。于是他明白自己不能坐那趟飞机了。他给机场打电话，取消了机票。然后他给玛丽打电话，接着乘火车去了辛辛那提。6 那天晚上，383 次航班试图在辛辛那提降落时遇上了暴风雨，飞机撞上了一座山。玛丽在电视上看到了有关的新闻报道，那情形就同她梦见的一模一样。她看见人们拿筐子运走了尸体。但是她知道乔治没事。因为有了她那个梦的预兆，乔治才得以安然无恙。7 约翰·布拉德利也做过类似的梦。他住在英格兰，是一位教师。他还是一位博物学家，喜欢带班上的学生进行校外考察旅行，了解大自然。一天晚上，他做了一个梦。这是在他安排好的一次校外考察旅行之前一个星期发生的事。他梦见自己领着班上的学生走在一条乡间的小路上，路边就是教堂墓地。在梦里，布拉德利让两个男孩带队穿过教堂墓地。他自己走在队伍的末尾，以便让小一些的孩子保持前进。然而，就在他们穿过教堂墓地的时候，布拉德利感到地面在震动，接着他听见了巨大的断裂声。然后，有个黑乎乎的庞然大物朝他砸了过来。那是一棵巨大的榆树，正好砸在这队孩子们的头顶上。10 这个梦使布拉德利非常不安，他觉得应该取消这次外出。他把这个梦告诉了班上的学生，但是他们都觉得他很可笑，而且都不愿意取消这次旅行。甚至其他老师也笑话他，跟他说不应该让孩子们扫兴。于是布拉德利同意出行。“但是你们必须答应我，”他跟他们讲，“往哪儿走你们只能听我的。” 于是，他们出发了。当他们走到那条小路时，布拉德利不让孩子们绕道穿过教堂墓地。有些孩子觉得这样做很蠢，不过他们还是按老师说的做了。走到小路的尽头，他们面前是一座跨河的桥。年纪大一些的男孩子停下来问道：“老师，我们应该走哪条道？过河呢，还是走沿河的小路？” 布拉德利停住脚步。他对那条小路有一种古怪的感觉。“过桥，”他告诉他们。于是孩子们开始过桥。接着，布拉德利听到了可怕的断裂声，同自己在梦中听到的完全一样。他回头一看，只见就在那条小路边上，一棵巨大的榆树摇摇晃晃，倒在了地上。他的预感应验了。孩子们面面相觑，然后看着自己的老师。如果刚才他们走那条小路的话，那么此刻他们就正好在那棵榆树倒下来的位置。

课内阅读练习答案

Part One Preparation 1.Brainstorming Sample Sleepwalking, also known as somnambulism(梦游症), is a sleep disorder.Sleepwalkers arise from the slow-wave sleep stage in a state of low consciousness and perform activities that are usually performed during a state of full consciousness, such as sitting up in bed, walking to the bathroom, cleaning, etc.which may involve no harm or danger.Those who work with dreams of these sorts take the position that a dream may have a variety of meanings, depending on the levels that are being explored.Nightmare refers to a very frightening dream.It may also refer to unpleasant experiences.Recurring dreams refer to dreams people have from time to time.Dream catcher is a handmade object based on a willow hoop, on which is woven a loose net or web decorated with personal and sacred items such as feathers and beads.Originated in the culture of Ojibwa, one of the largest groups of Native Americans, a dream catcher is believed to be able to change a person’s dreams.Hung above the bed, it is traditionally used as a charm to protect sleeping children from nightmares.When it comes to the interpretation of dreams, the most well-known might be The Interpretation of Dreams, a book written by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud.The book introduces Freud’s theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation.In the book, he first demonstrates a psychological technique which makes it possible to interpret dreams.With the application of this technique, every dream will reveal itself as a psychological structure, full of significance, and one which may be assigned to a specific place in the psychic activities of the waking state.Further, he tries to explain the processes underlying the strangeness and obscurity of dreams, and to deduce from these processes the nature of the psychic forces whose conflict or cooperation is responsible for dreams.Freud’s view was that dreams were all forms of “wish fulfillment”, which means that the unconscious makes attempts to resolve a conflict of some sort.However, because the information in the unconscious is in an unruly and often disturbing form, a “censor” in the preconscious will not allow it to pass unaltered into the conscious.According to Freud, images in dreams are often not what they appear to be, and need deeper interpretation if they are to inform us of the structures of the unconscious.2.A Dream Poll Sample • I don’t think dreams can predict the future.I never take dreams seriously.To me, dreams are just meaningless nonsense.If someone claims that what they dreamed came true, it was only a coincidence.• Dreams can make me feel good.After a good night’s sleep and some sweet dreams, I feel happy and full of energy when I wake up in the morning.But of course, I don’t like terrible dreams which make me very tired.3.Talking About Your Dreams Sample A: How often do you dream? B: I dream almost every night.A: What sort of dreams do you have? Are they connected to your daily life? B: Yes, I always dream about things that are connected to my daily life.For example, after I play computer games for a long time, I dream of playing computer games.Sometimes, I can’t find a book, but then I dream that I have found it.A: Do you have recurring dreams? B: Yes, I often dream of having to take an exam I haven’t prepared for.A: Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams? Do you have any satisfactory explanations for your dreams? B: I am curious about the meanings of my dreams, but I can’t come up with any explanations.A: Why do you think people dream? B: It’s hard to say.However, as a Chinese saying goes, “We think of something during the day, and we dream of it during the night.” I think when the body is at rest, the mind, probably a part of the brain, continues to work.That may be the reason why we dream.Part Two Reading-Centered Activities

In-Class Reading

Post-Reading Reading Comprehension 1.I Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings.(Para.1)II Dreaming and sleeping(Paras.2-3)i Dreaming occurs when we are in a REM(Rapid Eye Movement)sleep.ii The main purposes of sleeping may be to allow us to rest and to dream.III Possible causes of dreams(Paras.4-6)i Physiological cause Example: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.ii Reflection of inner fears Example: Worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to dream of losing one’s job.IV Dream interpretations(Paras.7-9)i The earliest dream dictionaries indicated that drinking wine predicted a short life and drinking water meant a long life.ii Artemidorus’ dictionary includes symbols such as right hand(father), left hand(mother)and dolphin(a good omen).iii Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be read with care.2.T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 F 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 F 10 F 3.Sample • I agree with Kenneth Saunders’ opinion.First, different people have different personalities, social backgrounds and experiences.Since dreams are kinds of subjective activities in one’s brain, different people may see the world in different ways.Second, I think to some extent, dreams are closely related to real life.So, you are likely to make mistakes if you try to interpret someone’s dreams without knowing what exactly the person has experienced.• I think it is possible to analyze a dream without knowing the dreamer.If we share the same language, culture and physical environment, we would have a lot in common, at least, for example, the nature of human beings.Of course, people have different ways of thinking, but it doesn’t mean we can’t understand each other.I’m very interested in learning about dreams and ways of interpreting dreams.Vocabulary 1 1 explanation 2 enthusiasts 3 frustrating 4 popularity 5 unconscious 6 electric / electrical 7 movements 8 recognizable 9 interpretation 10 countless 2 1 asleep 2 sleepless 3 sleep 4 sleepy 5 asleep 6 slept 7 sleeping, sleep 8 sleeper 9 sleep 10 overslept 3 1 submerged: go below the surface of the sea, river or lake（使）浸没，淹没 subculture: the behavior, practices, etc.associated with a group within a society 亚文化 3 submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water 潜水艇 subway: the passage under ground along which pedestrians can pass 地下通道 5 subzero:(of temperatures)below zero 零度以下的 Subtropical: belonging to or relating to parts of the world that have warm and humid weather 副热带的，亚热带的 subspecies: a subdivision of a species（物种的）亚种 subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence 低于正常标准的 9 subdivided: divide the parts of sth.that has already been divided 再分，重分 subtitles: words shown at the bottom of a film or television picture to explain what is being said 4 mislead nonstop unprepared misunderstanding non-verbal non-existent nonprofit uncommon unfamiliarity uncover 1 uncovered 2 misunderstanding 3 nonprofit 4 unprepared 5 uncommon 6 non-verbal 7 nonstop 8 misled 9 non-existent 10 unfamiliarity 5 1 progressed 2 puzzled 3 process 4 reflected 5 predict 6 advances 7 symbol 8 conscious / aware 9 inner 10 mode Translation 1 You will see that what I am saying now will come true.2 When young people remain single, they are open to pressure from other people.3 The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.4 His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.5 The tour guide said that some castles date back to the 13th century.6 She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for her.5 Part Three Further Development 1.Grammar Review 1 having ever had a chance / having ever been given a chance 2 to lock her door 3 visiting only once a month 4 to stay in full-time education 5 to phone you 6 trying to escape 7 to put their needs first 8 reading 9 to build / building the house 10 to be so rude to him 2.Vocabulary Review 1

A natural: not involving anything made by people 天然的，自然的

B neutral: a neutral color is not very strong or bright 暗淡的，不鲜艳的 C natural: to be expected;usual 合乎情理的，惯常的

D neutral: not supporting any of the people or groups involved in an argument or disagreement 中立的，不偏不倚的 2 A shattered:(cause to)break suddenly into very small pieces（使）粉碎

B crashing: hit sth.or sb.extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damage or makes a lot of noise 撞击

C crack:(cause to)break without dividing into separate parts（使）开裂 D crash: an accident in which a vehicle violently hits sth.else 碰撞 3

A ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time, or very old 古代的，远古的，古老的

B early: near the beginning of a period of time 早期的，初期的

C previous: happening or existing before the one mentioned 先前的，以前的

D ancient:(informal)when you say “sth.is ancient history”, you mean it happened long time ago and is not important now 从前的（事）4 A sign: an event, fact, etc.which shows that sth.exists or is happening 迹象，征兆 B symbol: a shape or design that is used to represent sth.such as an idea 象征

C signal: a sound or action that you make in order to give information to sb.or tell them to do sth.信号

D signs / symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent sth.符号，记号 5

A view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place 视野 B vision: ability to see;eyesight 视力

C vision: an imagined mental picture of sth.想象，幻想

D outlook: your general attitude toward life and the world（对生活、世界的）观点，见解

E view: personal opinion or attitude 观点，看法 6

A errors / mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment 错误，失误 B fault: if sth.bad that has happened is your fault, you should be blamed for it 过错 C error: a moral wrong 道德上的错误

D fault: sth.that is wrong with a machine, system, design, etc, which prevents it from working properly 故障

E mistake: “by mistake” is a fixed phrase, if you do sth.by mistake, you do it without intending to 错误地（并非故意）7

A confused: unable to think clearly 被弄糊涂的

B confusing: difficult to understand;puzzling 令人迷惑的

C confusion: a situation in which sb.wrongly thinks that a person or thing is sb.or sth.混淆 D confuse: mistake one person or thing for another 混淆 8

A conscious: noticing the existence or presence of sth.particular 意识到的，知道的 B unconscious: in the state of having lost consciousness 失去知觉的

C subconscious: present at a hidden level of the mind 潜意识的，下意识的

D consciousness: the state of being awake, thinking and aware of what is happening around you 意识，神志清醒 3.Interpreting Dreams Sample 1 Her dream tells her that she would feel the same about herself as she does about the sow if she did not control her eating.The dream reflects her inner conflicts between two desires: to be on diet and to indulge herself.Subconsciously the former seems to take the upper hand over the latter.2 It seems that Sara is still in love with her ex-boyfriend, although she thinks she has got over him.Now that he has a new girlfriend, she is quite conscious that she has lost him for good.The death of her ex-boyfriend is an indication of her determination of forgetting him and starting a new life.The symbol of the car accident is a good omen, implying good health of her ex.3 The poor condition of the car is an indication of poor health, poor academic or business performance.Falling down a cliff means Peter was riding in a wrong direction and failed to end up well.In this context, the dream is suggesting that Peter was doing something dangerous, and he had troubles either physically or academically.4.Describing a Dream Sample One night, I woke up from a dream to check my watch.It said 1:00 pm and it was very bright outside.I was very scared since that morning was my first day of school for the new semester, and I was supposed to wake up before 7:00 am.Oversleeping to 1:00 pm would have been terrible!I tried to get up and get out of bed.But I was unable to...instead, I went back to sleep again, and continued with my dream.Finally, I woke up and checked my watch.It was only 5:00 am, two hours before the time for me to get up for class.It was still dark outside.Not until then did I realize that the earlier checking of my watch had happened in a dream.Additional activity 1.Remembering Your Dreams STEP ONE In a short paragraph, write down the details of a dream that you once had.If you can’t remember a dream, invent one.STEP TWO Tell your dream to your partner.When you have finished, check whether other classmates can remember all the details.Your partner uses a question tag and you use short answers.Example: Partner: In your dream you were eating a giant ice-cream, weren’t you? You: Yes, I was.Partner: Suddenly it began to melt, didn’t it? You: Yes, it did.2.Four Kinds of Dreams STEP ONE Provide the features of the four categories that dreams usually fall into.1 Daily Processing: Most dreams fall in the realm of “daily processing”, clearing the garbage from our minds—dumping input from the day that’s no longer needed.We don’t remember most of these dreams, and those we do remember can usually be easily related to our lives.2 Problem-solving: “Problem-solving” dreams are just what you might think—your subconscious knows all—it knows your problems and it knows how to solve them.If the subconscious thinks its solution is important enough, up pops a problem-solving dream.We don’t always remember these dreams, but our conscious mind does and acts on them directly and, like our daily processing dreams, we can normally interpret them for ourselves.3 Psychological: For most of us, these dreams are about our relationships, past sufferings, our fears and anxieties, guilt and resentment.In these “psychological dreams”, we’re not solving a problem or making a decision, we’re simply facing something about ourselves or our current situation that’s probably been holding us back.Some of these dreams, especially those that are repetitive, require interpretation.Some repetitive dreams may first be defined as psychological in nature, but are actually indicative of physical problems that require medical attention.4 Precognitive: “Precognitive” dreams deliver psychic information.You dream about a friend and then see them the next day, or you dream your sister is pregnant and she is!For most of us, precognitive dreams aren’t so obvious because our ego shadows our psychic information with symbols.Precognitive dreams can often be identified by their quality: The light is strange, or you clearly feel that you’re in another dimension.Objects are oddly shaped or made of unusual materials.These dreams are almost always worth recording and tracking for they will be rich with information, much of which presented in symbols.STEP TWO Students work in groups to describe their dreams in turn.After each description, the other members in the group work together to determine which of the categories the dream belongs to.STEP THREE Choose the most interesting dream from the group and present it to the class.Part Four

Writing and Translation 2.Translation Practice 梦是心灵的谈话