法语虚拟式语法总结

2024-08-26

法语虚拟式语法总结(精选4篇)

1.法语虚拟式语法总结 篇一

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(1)

答案:DBDCA 2 法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(2)

答案:BBACB 4 法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(3)

答案:ACCBA 6 法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(4)

答案:ACCBA 8 法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(5)

答案:DCAAC 10 法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(6)

答案:BDBCB

参考译文:

1.她白遵循了严格的减肥食谱,她并没有怎么瘦。(avoir beau +inf.=in vain)

2.我们买了一套家具,并且自己搬上了楼。

3.我完全按照您说的做的。

4.她们5点动身的。

5.来跟我们一起散步吧,你一整天都没有动过了。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(7)

答案:BBCCA

参考译文:

1.如果你合适的话,我们中午在餐厅见。

2.再见到你我会很高兴。

3.Mix-Cité的战士挥动着两根挂晾衣绳的杆子。(这句翻译待议)

4.如果你同意,我们下午6点在办公室门口碰头。

5.快点吧,我们要错过航班了。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(8)

答案:CBBAA

参考译文:

1.当交通灯变绿之后,孩子们穿过了马路。

2.她这样等了很长时间。

3.最后一刻,他宣布撤回其候选人资格。

4.您详细考虑后,给我您的答复。

5.你们结束之后,来一下我的办公室。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(9)

答案:BACDC

参考译文:

1.一旦你铺好桌布,我就来摆放餐具。

2.你知不知道遇难者前一天给他的雇主打了电话?

3.如果可能的话,他会爱上做研究的。

4.如果他再努力点,他毫无疑问将成功。

5.你离开房间时请关灯。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(10)

答案:BDCCD 20 法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(11)

答案:BBDCA

参考译文:

1.要给你讲的故事发生在前天。

2.明天,新刊将发行。

3.被同一个女人拒绝,他们走上了截然不同的道路。

4.这部电影在加纳电影节上获胜:取得了金棕榈奖。

5.那个村桩里的城堡被归为古迹。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(12)

答案:ABAAD

参考译文:

1.我们下午5点得走了,但是航班取消了,我们滞留在机场。

2.签约前我们应该仔细看一下。

3.如果我有你的电话号码的话,我就给你打电话了。

4.企业领导暗示过今年可能要加薪。

5.我们很抱歉您周日不能来。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(13)

答案:DBCAA 参考译文:

1.他同意会议延期。

2.能与他的上级亲密交谈,他就得偿所愿了。

3.如果明天天气好我就来。

4.Marc可能下个月去加拿大。

5.我将给你点钱以备你假期外出(之需)。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(14)

答案:BBDBD

参考译文:

1.他很可能明天来。

2.我希望你快点跑去寻求些帮助来。

3.她希望男友带两个面包回来做晚餐。

4.能和他交谈更能如愿以偿。

5.她是圣-夏赫乐医院的护士。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(15)

答案:CCBDB

参考译文:

1.去剧院前最好先预定座位。

2.我买了毕加索画展的目录。

3.她对自己很满意,因为她觉得自已做了一桩合算的买卖。

4.运动能维持肌肉强健有力,还能保持身体的灵活性。

5.为了避免痉挛。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(16)

答案:CBACC

参考译文:

1.Jean Echenoz的《苦行记》给我们讲述了两个男人共患难的故事。

2.一部分动身前往Malaisle的橡胶种植园,剩下的一部分成为巴黎(街头的)流浪者。

3.队伍排得太长了以致于我们放弃了参观展览。

4.你怎么了?我现在感觉不好。你看上去很累。

5.考试包括四个测试,两个笔试两个口语测试。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(17)

答案:DDDCD

参考译文:

1.他们刚搬到一个更舒适的地区居住。

2.她在这个电话亭呆了四十分钟。

3.在一个肉店,一个顾客说:“请给我六片火腿。”

4.我买了一个奶油蛋糕、一罐果酱和一些橙汁作为早餐。

5.独帆航行赛导致航海士冒更大的险。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(18)

答案:BBDCC

参考译文:

1.从蒙特利尔到布鲁塞尔有6小时的行程距离。

2.参考人员必须上交一张身份证明。

3.你们有一些渡假的计划吗?

我们在考虑去日本旅行。

4.在机场:AF240次开往河内的航班,请在C号口登机。

5.在一家商场:

-我想试试那双红色的凉鞋。

-你穿多大的鞋? 36 法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(19)

答案:BCCAA

参考译文:

1.一些城市为自行车设有自行车道。

2.在你的大喜之际,请接受我们诚挚的祝福。

3.他住在市中心的Victor Hugo广场。

4.翻到你们书的第27页。

5.吃饭前,你们先去洗手。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(20)

答案:BAAAA

参考译文:

1.她看了那部电影,但当出现暴力场面时她闭上双眼。

2.当你需要帮助时,别犹豫向我求助。

3.他暂时住在宾馆。

4.今天早上我头有点不舒服。

5.他紧握双手。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(21)

答案:DAACB

参考译文:

1.有人打电话找你。

2.你们中的每个人都应该对自己所做的事情负责。

3.散步是一项人人都能参与的运动。

4.这是条很有趣的消息。

5.你能借我一些你的唱片吗?

好的,拿去吧。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(22)

答案:DCBCA

参考译文:

1.年青人乘坐交通工具享有优惠。

2.每年协会为会员组织一次聚会。

3.事实上这部电影不恐怖,我真是很失望。

4.这部小说很有趣、很引吸人。

5.这本小说将带你游览一个风景如画的国家。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(23)

答案:BCBDD

参考译文:

1.Julie碰到了一些信任她的年青艺术家。

2.你们给孩子们做饭,哄他们睡觉,给他们讲故事。

3.我看到Paul的妻子,跟她打招呼。

4.由于她拿了很多行李,我帮了她。

5.她去看我给她讲过的那个展览。

法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(24)

答案:BACCD

参考译文:

1.女人们总是要做80%的家务。

2.她很漂亮,穿什么衣服都好看。

3.对不起,我没时间了,我很急。

4.被警察审讯的疑犯否认罪行并坚信自己无罪。

5.您能给我您的地址吗? 48 法语TEF考试词汇语法真题练习(25)

答案:DCACD

参考译文:

1.给!我在我的办公桌上找到这副眼镜。

不,这不是我的。

2.这些墨西哥人是不会忘记他们的国家的。

3.您还有信息小册子吗?

是的,应该留着一些。

4.你要去超市购物吗?我能陪你去。

5.我们年末的时候碰上过吗?我想不起来了。

2.德语语法中第一虚拟式的常见用法 篇二

1)sei + 第二分词,在报告,演说或论文中强调下文的必要性:

例子:

Es sei betont, dass

= Wir moechten betonen, dass

= Es ist zu betonen, dass

我们必须强调

Es sei bemerkt, dass

= Wir moechten bemerken, dass

= Es ist zu bemerken, dass

我们必须指出

Es sei darauf hingewesen, dass

= Wir moechten darauf hingewesen, dass

= Es ist hinzugewesen darauf, dass

我们对此必须指出

2)表示假设,推断或想象等:

例子:

Die Windgeschwindigkeit sei 10 km/min.= Wir nehmen an, dass die Windgeschwindigkeit 10 km/min.ist.假设风速为每分钟10公里。

3)表示第三人称的要求,命令,愿望或请求等:

例子:

Es lebe das Volk!

人民万岁!

Moege unser Vaterland bluehen und gedeihen!

愿祖国繁荣昌盛!

4)在专业术语中,则多用于药方,说明书等,用代词 man 来表示间接命令:

例子:

Man nehme eine Tablette nach dem Abendessen!

= Eine Tablette nach dem Abendessen nehmen!(这样的不定式有取代man虚拟式的趋势)

晚饭后吃一片儿!

5)第一虚拟式主要用与间接引语中:

例子:

直接引语

3.语法教案:情态动词和虚拟语气 篇三

一. 情态动词虽然不能单独充当句子的谓语,但可以表示出主语的情感、意志、能力或决心等感情,有确定的意义。对于情态动词,一方面要弄清楚本身的意思;另一方面要弄清楚情态动词之间的区别,并且还须根据上下文的意思来确定情态动词的应用。

1.表能力:can一般表示本身所具有的能力;be able to一般表示通过学习、训练而获得的一种能力。

2.表可能:can表示一种可能性.be able to表示一种结果。can表示事实上的可能,may表示理论上的可能。

3.表请求:can为非正式用语,一般用于否定和疑问句;may为正式用语,一般用于肯定和疑问句。因此,当用may提问时,它的否定回答应该是:N。.…can’t/mustn’t to

4.表推测:can一般用于否定和疑问句中,may一般用于肯定和否定句中;can’t的意思是“不可能”,而may not的意思是“可能不”;should一般表示根据事物的发展规律、人的品行特点或所约定的时间作出的推测;will表根据人或事物一般所表现出来的情况而进行的推测;must表示根据事实或现象对事物或人所作的肯定推测,不用于否定或疑问句。

5.表意志:will一般表示主语的意志;shall一般表示征求听话人的意志;must一般表示主观意志,有时用来表示主语做与说话人意愿相反的事情,意思是“偏偏,偏要”have to表示客观要求,意思是“不得不,除此之外没有别的办法”。用must提问时的否定回答须用can’t/needn’t;mustn’t与don’t have to的意思大不相同,前者表示“禁止”,意思是:一定不能;后者表示“没有必要”,意思是“不必”,相当于。eed。,t o

6.表义务:should一般表示主观的想法或建议;ought to一般表示客观道义上的要求。

7.表过去情况:should/ought to have done表示过去该做的事情而没有做,含有对对方的责备;could/might have done表示过去做某事的一种可能,不含责备;used to表过去常做某事,而现在已经不做了;would表示过去经常做某事,至于现在还做否,不于考虑。

8. 表需要:除动词的时态、语态之外,动词的语气也是英语中重要内容之一。动词何种语气,即:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

二. 虚拟语气用来表示与客观事实相反或实现的可能性很小的一种假设。其形式有:

1.非真实条件

(I)与将来事实不符:If+主语+should+动词原形/+动词过去式(be用were),主语+would+动词原形

(2)与现在事实不符:If+主语+动词过去式(be用were),主语+would+动词原形

(3)与过去事实不符:If+主语+had done,主语+would +have done

注意:A.当从句的谓语中含有should,were,had时,可将If省略,同时,将should,were,had提到句首;B.有时的情况是混合条件,即:从句跟主句的时态不一致或虚拟与

真实情况相混合;C.条件或主句的省略

2.特殊的虚拟句型

(1)advise,suggest,insist,ask,demand,request,order等动词的宾语从句,由这些词转化而成的名词所带的同位语从句及它们的表语从句一般用虚拟语气,即:(should)

(not)do。

但当suggest的意思是“暗示,表明”,insist的意思是“坚持说”时,它们的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。

(2)wish,would rather的宾语从句及if only所引导的从句,须用虚拟语气,即:从句用过去时(be用were)表示与现在或将来的事实不符;从句用过去完成时,表示与过去事实不符。

(3)without,but for等介词短语作状语时,句子一般用虚拟语气,即:主语+would have done。

(4)for fear that,lest等引导的状语从句,一般用虚拟语气,即:would do/have done。

(5)It is(high)time that+从句。从句一般用虚拟语气,即:主语+过去时或should+动词原形。

(6)表示祝愿时,一般用虚拟语气,即:倒装结构May you do sth.!/Long live...!/Happy birthday(New Year)!/Many happy returns of the day!

回放真题

真题1(甘肃、青海卷22)

--Tom graduated from college at a very young age.

--Oh,he ________have been a very smart boy then.

A.could B.should C.might D.must

【答案及解析】D must表示肯定推测,意思是:Tom肯定很聪明。

真题2(2004重庆卷24)

“The interest ________be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides,”declared the judge.

A.may B.should C.must D.shall

【答案及解析】 D 由declared the judge可知,前面的话是法官的判词,必须强制执行。shall用于第二、第三人称时,表义务、强制,而其它三个选项无此义。

真题3(2004重庆卷29)

There are eight tips in Dr Roger’s lecture on-sleep,and one of them is:________to bed early unless you think it is necessary.

A.doesn’t go B.not to go C.not going D.don’t go

【答案及解析】D由tips和冒号可知,后面是个祈使句,表建议。故正确答案为D。

真题4(2004福建卷32)

--I’11 tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.

--You ________her last week.

A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told

【答案及解析】D根据后一句的时间状语,可排除选项A、C;而选项B表示与过去事实不相符的假设;D表示对该做的事情而没有做的一种责备。根据句意,答案选D,暗含对“你”的责备。

真题5(2004湖北卷26)

--Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?

--Sorry,I am not sure.But it ________be.

A.might B.will C.must D.can

【答案及解析】A表示可能性时,选项A表示把握很少的可能;B表示根据平常情况的推测;C表示有很大把握的推测;D表示理论上的可能。根据I am not sure,答案选A。

真题6(2004浙江卷26)

I ________pay Tracy a visit,but I am not sure, whether I will have time this Sunday.

A.should B.might C.would D.could

【答案及解析】 A选项A表示在某种意义上应该干……;B表示过去的一种可能性;C表示与客观事实不相符的情况;D表示过去的一种可能性。根据句子及选项的意思,答案选A,表示应该去拜访Tracy。

真题7(2004江苏卷22)

--I don’t mind telling you what I know.

--You ________.I’m not asking you for it.

A.mustn’t B.may not C.can’t D.needn’t

【答案及解析】D mustn’t(不可以),may not(可能不),can’t(不可能,不可)都不合题意。从下文I’m not asking you for it可知,选项D(没有必要)为正确答案。意思是:你没有必要告诉我。

真题8(2004广西卷21)

I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I ______report it to the police?

A.should B.may C.will D.can

【答案及解析】 A should意为“应该”,may、can表许可或可能,will表意愿。由Do you think...可知说话者在征求别人的意见,即他是否应该把那事报告给警察。很明显,B、C、D都不合题意。

真题9(2004广西卷27)

Mr. White ________at 8:30 for the meeting,but he didn’t show up.

A.should have arrived B.should arrive

C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving

【答案及解析】 A should have done表过去该做的事没做。should do表现在或将来应该怎么样。从didn’t可知此题指的是过去,故答案选A。

真题10(全国[河南、河北、山东、福建]29)

--Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

--No,it ________be him--I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.

A.can’t B.must not C.won’t D.may not

【答案及解析】 A根据语境:--难道那个不是Ann的丈夫吗?--不可能的--我确定他不戴眼镜的。后者否定前者说的话,故选A。B表示禁止;c表示不愿或不会;D表示可能不。

真题11(2004四川卷29)

You ________be tired--you’ve only been working for an hour.

A.must not B.won’t C.can’t D.may not

【答案及解析】C can’t意思是“不可能”,表推测;A不准、禁止;B不愿意;D可能不。

真题12(2004上海卷28)

Children under 12 years of age in that country ________be under adult supervision when in a public library.

A.must B.may C.can D.need

【答案及解析】A must意为“必须,一定”,表示一种要求;may意为“可以,可能”,表示允许或可能性;can意为“可以,可能,能够”,表示允许、能力或可能性;need意为“需要”,表示自身的不足。本题大意为:12岁以下的孩子在公共图书馆要有父母的监管。这是一种要求,因此正确答案选A。

真题13(2004天津卷31) ’

--Who is the girl standing over there?

--Well,if you ________know,her name is Mabel.

A.may B.can C.must D.shall

【答案及解析】c选项A表示允许,意思是:可以;B表示一种能力,意思是:能够;C表示一种主张,意思是:一定要,坚持要;D表示说话者的意图、命令或决心,意思是:必须、一定。根据语境,显然指对方的主张,意思是:如果你一定要知道的话,她名叫Mabel。故答案选C。

真题14(2004湖南卷28)

--Excuse me,but 1 want to use your computer to type a report.

--You ________have my computer if you don’t take care of it.

A.shan’t B.might not C.needn’t D.shouldn’t

【答案及解析】 A考查情态动词的意思和用法。选项B表示可能性;C表示没有必要;D表示责备;只有A表示允诺或禁止的意思,故答案选A。

真题15(2004上海春季卷29)

You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ________not like the design of the furniture.

A.must B.shall C.may D.need

【答案及解析】C must与not连用时表禁止,意为“不可以”,如表推测则不能用于否定句;shall表强制,与not连用意为“不可以”;may not表推测时,可用于否定句,意为“可能不”;need not意为“没有必要”。根据句子意思,本题答案应为C,意思为“你最好告诉那个制造商,男性顾客可能不喜欢那种款式的家具”。

真题16(全国卷28)

A left-luggage office is a place where bags ________be left for a short time,especially at a railway station.

A.should B.can C.must D.will

【答案及解析】 B can“能够”,用于肯定句中表示可能性。此句中指人可以把包裹存放在行李存放处。should“应当”;must“必须”,表义务和责任;will表示愿意。

真题17(2003上海卷29)

How ________you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?

A.can B.must C.need D.may

【答案及解析】A can“可能;能够”,用于疑问句和否定句表示惊异,不相信等。译文:如果你只看了文章的一部分,怎么可以说你了解了整个故事呢?答案为A。

真题18(2003北京春季卷21)

--The room is SO dirty.________we clean it?

--0f course.

A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do

【答案及解析】B shall用于广般疑问句中,主语常用第一、第三人称,表示征求对方意见或请求允许;而will和would在疑问句中,主语常用第二人称。译文:--房间如此脏乱。我们打扫一下好吗?--当然可以。

真题19(2003安徽春季卷27)

Naturally,after I told her what to do,my daughter ________go and do the opposite!

A.may B.can C.must D.should

【答案及解析】C 从句意及opposite可看出,本句的意思是在述说女儿天生叛逆的性格。Naturally意思是“生来就是这样”,must表示与说话人的愿望相反,意思是“偏偏,偏要”,因此整个句子的意思是“我女儿生来就如此,我叫她做这件事,她偏要做相反的事”。

真题20(2003上海春季卷24)

My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who ________have taken it?

A.should B.must C.could D.would

【答案及解析】C could have done表示对过去情况的推断,可能是……;should have done表示本来应该做而没有做;must have done表示过去一定那样做了,对过去情况的断定;would have done常用来表示虚拟语气。

真题21(2003上海春季卷40)

Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________your advice.

A.followed B.would follow C. had followed D.should follow

【答案及解析】 c虚拟语气用if only引导。if only“要是……就好了”。从句中用了虚拟语气。意为“如果听了你的劝告,我就不会有那么多麻烦”。

真题22(全国卷25)

--Is John coming by train?

--He should,but he ________not. He likes driving his car.

A.must B.can C.need D.may

【答案及解析】D come,go,leave,start等趋向动词的进行时表示将来,所以答语是对这一将来动作作出的推断。may not“可能不;不一定”,根据H。likes driving his car可以看出John可能乘火车来,也可能自己开车来。may not正好符合这一语境。must not“不准”;cannot“不可能”;need not“不必”。

真题23(2002北京卷31) 、

--I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.

--It ________true because there was little snow there.

A.may not be. B.won’t be C.couldn’t be D.mustn’t be

【答案及解析】C couldn’t+动词原形,表示对过去情况的否定推测。There was little snow说明对方所说的去山里滑雪这件事不可能是真的。另外,may not be表示对现在情况的否定推测。

真题24(2002上海卷27)

It has been announced that candidates ________remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

A. can B.will C.may D.shall

【答案及解析】D shall用于陈述句的第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等,意思是“必须,应,可”。译文:据宣布,考生在收卷前必须坐在自己的座位上。

真题25(2002上海卷37)

It is hard for me to imagine what 1 would be doing today if I ________in love,at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A.wouldn’t have fallen B.had not fallen

C.should fall D.were to fall

【答案及解析】 B根据句意和1 would be doing可以判断这是虚拟语气。at the age of seven是表示过去的时间状语,if从句中的谓语要用had not fallen,表示对过去情况的假设。由于主句中的谓语表示对现在的虚拟,条件句中的谓语表示对过去情况的虚拟,增加了试题的难度,但是,使用排除法可以容易地做出该题:should fall和were to fall都可以用于条件句中表示对将来的虚拟;wouldn’t have fallen不用于条件句中,所以都不能作为答案。译文:如果我不在七岁时就迷恋上了我们家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆,我真不能想象我今天会做什么。

真题26(2002京:蒙、皖春季卷29)

--I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins.________I have a look?

--Yes,certainly.

A.D0 B.May C.Shall D.Should

【答案及解析】B may表示征求对方的同意。May I have a look? “我可以看看吗?”shall用于询问或请对方作决定的建议中,表示“让某人做……”。Shall I have a look? =Do you want me to have a look?

真题27(2002上海春季卷28)

Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach.I _____so much fried chicken just now.

A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten

C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat

【答案及解析】C.just now是表示过去的时间状语。情态动词在表示过去发生的事时,必须用“情态动词+have+过去分词”的形式,所以只能在选项B和C中选择。B选项是错误的,没有这种表示方法。译文:噢,我觉得胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。

真题28(全国卷33)

I was really anxious about you. You ________ home without a word.

A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave

【答案及解析】B 表示原本不应该做某事,含责备之意。

真题29(2001上海卷31)

You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________be so rude to a lady.

A. might B. need C. should D. would

【答案及解析】C should 表示“应该”。

真题30(2001上海卷40)

What would have happened ________, a far as the river bank?

A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther

【答案及解析】C 主句的谓语动词用了would have happened,所以从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。在虚拟语气中,如果条件状语从句中的if省略,该句要倒装。译文:如果鲍勃走远一点,走到河边,会发生什么事呢?

真题31(2001上海春季卷27)

Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ________it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?

A. can B. should C. may D. must

【答案及解析】A can表示可能性的推测,常用于否定句和疑问句中;may表示可能性时常用于肯定句中或否定句中;must 常用于肯定句中表推测。注意:can not表示“不可能”,而may not表示“或许不…, 可能步… ”译文:布什先生按时做好一切事。他来参如开幕式迟到了可能会是什么样的情景呢?答案为A。

真题32(2001上海春季卷40)

He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _______a goal.

A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored

【答案及解析】D 根据otherwise可以判断出要用虚拟语气。表示过去发生的事要用would have scored。译文:在踢球前他犹豫了一会儿,否则他就会射中球门。

真题33(全国卷15)

--Are you coming to Jeff’s party?

--I’m not sure.I ________go to the concert instead.

A.must B.would C.should D.might

【答案及解析】D might后接动词原形的意思是“可能做某事”。因为对方回答说:“I’m not sure.”表明他可能会去看音乐会,但没有十分的把握。答案选D。

真题34(2000上海卷23)

My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he ________your lecture.

A.couldn’t have attended B.needn’t have attended

C.mustn’t have attended D.shouldn’t have attended

【答案及解析】A must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,多用于肯定句中;needn’t have done表示过去本不必做某事;shouldn’t have done表示过去做了不该做的事情;can’t(couldn’t)have done表示对过去的否定性推测,意为“不可能”。所提供的情境My sister met him at the Grand Theatre表示他不可能参加讲座。答案为A。

真题35(2000京、皖春季卷20)

Sorry I’m late.I ________have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

A.might B.should C.can D.will

4.法语虚拟式语法总结 篇四

虚拟语气

虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气,它不表示客观存在。

一、 虚拟语气在单句中的用法

常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如:

Long live the Peoples Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁!

be happy! 快乐!

have a good time! 玩得愉快!

succeed! 成功!

make progress! 进步!

二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法:

1. 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法

1) 表示与现在事实相反

条件从句 主句

一般过去时(be多用于were) would/should/could/might+动词原形

例如:If I were you,I should accept the invitation.

如果我是你,我会接受邀请的。

If I had time,I would go there.

如果我有空,我就去那儿。

2) 与过去事实相反

条件从句 主句

过去完成时 would/should/could/might+have done

例如:If you had come earlier,you couldnt/wouldnt have missed the bus.

如果你早点来,你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。

If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.

如果他昨天见到了你,他就会还你的书的。

3) 与将来事实可能相反

条件从句 主句

一般过去时(be多用were)

should do,were to do would/should/could/might+动词原形

例如:If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be

put off.万一明天下雨,运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。)

If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.

万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。

4) if的省略

如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词,可将if省略,而把were,had或should

置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。

例如:Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.

5)条件句或主句的省略

当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候,表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略,以避免重复。

例如:--Why didnt you attend the party yesterday?

--I would/should have,but I was too busy then.

I was surprised that you didnt like this job.You could have done it better.(后面省略了if you had liked it.)

6)混合时间条件句与主句

条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差,应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。

例如:If the teacher hadnt been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.

7)含蓄条件句与主句

即用without(=but for),or(else)代替if从句。

例如:Without/But for his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.

=If his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.

2.在as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法:

在as if/as though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如:

The man speaks as if he were a foreigner./The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times./They talked as if they had been good friends for years.

注:as if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大,就要用正常时态来描绘。例如:It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。(下雨的可能性很大。)

3.在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法:

1) 在wish后的宾语从句中的用法:

A.与过去事实相反的愿望:宾从谓语为“had done”形式。例如:I wish I had passed yesterdays exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。

B.与现在事实相反的愿望:宾从谓语为“did”形式。例如:He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.

C.表示将来愿望:宾从谓语用“would/could do”形式。例如:How I wish I would go abroad next year!

2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语为“(should) do”形式。例如:I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/

insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.

3)在“It is (about/high) time+that从句”结构中,that从句的谓语用一般过去

时或“should do”形式。例如:It is high time he 他该开始了。

4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法:在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,

advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中,谓语用“(should) do”形式。例如:

My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at once.

虚拟语气考点分析

1.--Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?

--I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)

A.had B.would C.was going to D.did

析:此题A、D明显不合上下文,因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have则成立,可以理解为I would have come if I hadnt had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的,但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。

2.If there were no subjunctive,English ______ much easier. (NMET)

A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be

析:观察题干,可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。

3.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. (NMET)

A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey

析:根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律,可定正确答案是B。

4.I wish I _____ you yesterday.

A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see

析:此题表与过去事实相反的原望,答案应为C。

5.-- If he _____ ,he _____ that food.

-- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET)

A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken

C.wuld be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken

析:从对话看,是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为B。

6.Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. (NMET)

A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be

析:without引出一个含蓄条件句,主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为D。

7.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _____. (NMET)

A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken

析;放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的,但实际上并非如此,因此是与现在的事实相反,这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时,故答案为C。

8.You didnt let me drive.If we _____ in turn,you _____ so tired. (NMET)

A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get

C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got

析:观察题干,可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设,因此答案只能是D。

9.I didnt see your uncle at the party.If he _____ ,he would have said hello to

me.

A.would come B.had come C.came D.did come

析:观察题目上下文,特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said,可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望,因此答案为B。

10._____ it _____ for your help,I couldnt have made any progress.

A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be

析:根据主句谓语形式,可知从句要用had done形式,故应选A,Had it not been for your help=If it had not been for your help.(要不是你帮忙的话)

11.Mr Smith was badly ill,or he _____ our dinner party.

A.should come to B.would have attended

C.would come to D.should have attended

析:or可引导含蓄条件句,表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容,可知是与过去事实相反的假设,故答案为B。

倒装句型

英语的倒装有两大类型:

一、 全部倒装:指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装,有下列几种情况:

1. here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then等在句首时引起全部倒装。

例如:

Here is a letter for you./There goes the last train./The door opened,and in came Mr Smith./Away went the boy./Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas./Back came the others./Out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand./Then came a noise like thunder./Now comes the bus.

2. 介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首,引起全部倒装。例如:

In the corner of the room stands a writing-table./South of the city lies a big factory./Under the bed lies a cat./In these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish 5cm long.

注:以上两种完全倒装主语必须是名词,谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动词,如lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,rise,walk,run等,主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列,则不用完全倒装。例如:

Here it rains a lot every month of the year./Here we are!/Off you go!/Then she went to the shop.

3.在there be 结构中,采用全部倒装语序。例如:

There is a book in the bag.

表 系 主语

4.代词such作表语,意“这样的人”“这样的物”,应置于句首,其后全部倒装。例如:

Such were the facts./Such would be our home in the future.

二、 部分倒装:指部分谓语(如助动词、情态动词)位于主语之前的倒装。有下列一些情况:

1.一般疑问句,选择疑问句,反意问句要求部分倒装。例如:Has he finished his work?/Its

a lovely day,isnt it?

2.特殊疑问词不作主语或不作主语的定语的特殊疑问句要求部分倒装。例如:

When did you go there?/Which do you like best?

3.only修饰动词、介词短语、状语从句,并置于句首时,主句中要部分倒装。例如:

Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.

注:“only+名词/代词”置于句首不要倒装。例如:

Only he can do it.(正) Only can he do it. (误)

4.含有否定意义的副词,如:not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句

首时,要求部分倒装。例如:

Hardly can I believe that./Never has he been to the Great Wall./Seldom does she

write to me.

5.not only…but(also)…连接两个分句,not only置于句首,它所引导的这部分要部

分倒装,但but(also)部分不要倒装。例如;

Not only should we study science,but also we should pay attention to politics.

注:若not only…but(also)…连接两个主语,句子不要倒装。

6.not until引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时,主句中要求部分倒装。例如:

Not until he was ten did he go to school./Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in.

7.hardly…when…;no sooner…than…句型中,若hardly,no sooner位于句首时,主句

中要求部分倒装。例如:

Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang./No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded(包围)by the workers.

8.so表“也”、“同样”意,位于句首时,其后要部分倒装。例如:

You can swim,so can I./If you go,so will I.

倒装语序考点分析

1. Not only _____ polluted but _____ crowded. (上海高考)

A.was the city;were the streets B.the city was;the streets were

C.was the city;the streets were D.the city was;were the streets

析:not only部分要部分倒装,可排除B、D。but(also)部分不要倒装,故C为正确答案。

2. Little _____ about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself.

(上海高考)

A.does he care B.did he care C.he care D.he cared

析:否定意义的Little在句首,该句要倒装,故答案在A、B之中选择一个,因A的时

态不对,故答案为B。

3.Only in this way _____ progess in your English. (NMET)

A.you make B.can you make C.you be able to make D.will you able to come

析:Only 修饰in this way置于句首,句子要部分倒装,故答案为B。

4.Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was.(NMET)

A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realized

C.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realize

析:由于Not until在句首,主句要采用部分倒装,这样先可排除B、C,又由于D不

应该用didnt,故A为正确答案。

5.Be quick! _____

A.The bus comes here B.The bus here comes

C.Here the bus comes D.Here comes the bus

析:用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作出现在倒装句中,所以此题答案为D。(=The bus is coming here.)

6.On the wall _____ two large portraits. (NMET)

A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging

析:由于介词短语on the wall位于句首,全句要采用完全倒装式,因为主语是复数,所以正确答案为B。

虚拟语气、倒装句型专练

1. Little _____ about what others think.

A.he has cared B.he cares C.cared he D.does he care

2._____ got into the room _____ the telephone rang. (NMET)

A.He hardly had;then B.Hardly had he;when

C.He had not;than D.Not had he;when

3.Only by practising a few hours every day _____ be able to master the language.

(上海高考)

A.you can B.can you C.you will D.will you

4.If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it.

A.saw;would ask B.had seen;would have asked

C.had seen;would ask D.saw;would have asked

5.What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days?

A.is B.will be C.were D.would be

6._____ you succeed in everything and _____ you be healthy.

A.Hope;wish B.Wish;hope C.May;may D.Expect;hope

7.But for your help,I _____ the place.

A.cant find B.cant have found C.couldnt have found D.havent found

8.If her lawyer _____ here last Sunday,he _____ her from going.

A.had been;would have prevented B.had been;would prevent

C.were;would prevent D.were;would have prevented

9.If it had not been for the liberation,no changes _____ place in my hometown.

A.would have taken B.would have been taken C.will taken D.will be taken

10._____ late tommorrow,who would take her place?

A.Should Miss Green come B.If Miss Green would come

C.Miss Green should come D.If Miss Green comes

11._____ it _____,the crops _____ be saved.

A.Had;rained;could B.Should;rain;would

C.If;rains;should D.Would;rain;should

12.The actor is over fifty.But he acts as if he _____ a young man.

A.is B.will be C.should be D.were

13.It seems as if it ____ already summer now.

A.were B.be C.is D.had been

14.I wish I _____ him the day before yesterday.

A.saw B.could see C.had seen D.was seeing

15.I made the suggestion that they _____ the plan they had made.

A.stick to B.stuck to C.insist D.insisted on

16.It is suggested that a study plan _____ right now.

A.is made B.is to be made C.be made D.had been made

17.They required that we _____ them get in the crops.

A.help B.helped C.were helping D.would help

18.She should have attended the class,but she _____ .

A.hadnt B.hasnt C.didnt D.doesnt

19.It was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library,which made the smokers unhappy.

A.is forbidden B.would permit C.be allowed D.should not be allowed

20.Not once _____ his view of life.

A.did the gentleman mention B.the gentleman mentioned

C.mentioned the gentleman D.does the gentleman mention

21.In the sun _____ a group of young soldiers,gun in hand.

A.did stand B.had stood C.standing D.stood

22. --You forgot to hand in your homework yesterday.

--Good heavens! _____.Here you are.

A.So I did B.So did I C.I did,too D.So you have

23._____ with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise.

A.Out did he rush B.Rushed he out C.Out rushed he D.Out he rushed

24.No sooner _____ finished the composition _____ the light went out.

A.I had;when B.I had;than C.had I;when D.had I;than

25.It was not until _____ to prepare his lessons.

A. did his father come in that the boy began

B. his father came in that the boy began

C. did his father come in did the boy begin

D. his father came in did the boy begin

26._____,so you are not a friend of mine.

A.I never saw you before B.Never before I have seen you

C.Never before have I seen you D.Never had I seen you before

27.--David has made great progress recently.

--_____,and _____. (上海高考)

A.So he has;so you have B.So he has;so have you

C.So has he;so have you D.So has he;so you have

28.Never _____ till tomorrow what may be done today.

A.put off B.do put off C.did you put off D.you will put off

29.--Have you written these letters?

--No,_____ time to do any other work yet.

A.hardly I have B.I have had hardly

C.I have hardly had D.I hardly have had

30._____ get such a pair of shoes for my son?

A.Where do you think can I B.Do you think where can I

C.Do you think where I can D.Where do you think I can

31.Then _____ that the enemy were gone.

A.the news came B.came the news C.did the news come D.did come the news

32.--What a beautiful bridge,_____?

--Yes,_____?

A.isnt it;isnt it B.is it;is it C.isnt it;it is D.is it;it isnt

33.Along the path _____,on which _____ “Keep off the Grass”.

A.stood some signs;were written B.stood some signs;wrote

C.some signs stood;were written D.some signs stood;wrote

34.He took a taxi so that he _____ there in time.

A.was able to be B.got C.could get D.should get

35.Id rather Tom _____ tomorrow.

A.come B.would come C.came D.will come

36.It is about time you ____ the medicine,sir.

A.will take B.should take C.must take D.are to take

37.If there _____ no electricity in the future,our life _____ change a lot.

A.will be;will B.is;will C.should be;would D.would be;would

38.Without the Communist Party there ____ New China.

A.hadnt been a B.is not a C.would be no D.was not a

39.There _____ a lot of deer in the forest.

A.have B.are C.is D.has

40.From space _____ like a huge water-covered globe(球体).

A.looks the earth B.does look the earth

C.the earth looks D.does the earth look

虚拟语气、倒装句型答案

1-5 D B D B C 6-10 C C A A A 11-15 B D A C A

16-20 C A C C A 21-25 D A D D B 26-30 C B A C D

31-35 B A A C C 36-40 B C C B C

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