考研真题英语一

考研真题英语一（7篇）

1.考研真题英语一 篇一

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1__ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by __2___ factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big __3___ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. __4___ , he theorised that a judge __5___ of apperaring too soft __6__ crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.

To __8__ this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the __9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others __10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was __11___ .

He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews __12___by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had__13___applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale __14___ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were __15___ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is__16___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.

Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one __17___that, then the score for the next applicant would __18___by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to __19___ the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been __20___.

1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers

2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external

3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external

4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all

5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless

6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for

2.考研真题英语一 篇二

真题回放及命题思路

Directions: Write an essay of 160～200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should

1) describe the drawing briefly

2) explain its intended meaning, and

3) give your comments

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

总的来说，本次考研英语(一)大作文的出题中规中矩，主题并不生僻，写作难度适中。不过，今年的题目在话题方面与往年略有不同：2009～2011年的考研英语大作文考查的都是有争议的现象或负面现象类的话题，而此次考试考查的是正面观点类(乐观心态)的话题。鉴于此，笔者认为2013年考研英语大作文也有可能继续考查这一类型的话题，因此考生对此要予以足够的重视。

答题问题及解决方案

据笔者对本次考研英语大作文答题情况的了解，考生答题的主要问题存在于审题、文章结构以及语言组织三个方面。下面笔者就每个方面的问题进行一一评析。

1. 审题

本次考研英语大作文图画描述的是两个人对于“瓶子打翻在地”的不同态度：其中一个表现得消极悲观，另一个表现得积极乐观。出题者希望考生从图画中归纳出的寓意应该是“积极乐观的心态的重要性”。这本不是一个难看懂的图画，可是许多考生却将其解读成“地沟油”“酒驾”等离题甚远的寓意，导致失分。出现这一失误的原因主要有以下两点：第一，考生基本功不扎实，看到图画只能向自己熟悉的话题模板靠拢。根据调查和授课时的学生反馈，考生对负面现象类话题模板较为熟悉，练习较多，而对这种正面观点类题目感觉相对陌生。第二，考生受押题思路影响过大。考前押题是很常见的现象，本无可厚非，但考生只把注意力放在被“押”的题目上，并且过分依赖押题，以至于忽略了如何做到以不变应万变。

总的来讲，近十年来考研英语的大作文题目主要分为三类：负面现象类(2011年的“旅游之余”、2006年的“养老足球”等)、有争议的现象类(2010年的“文化火锅”、2009年的“网络的‘远’与‘近’”等)以及正面观点类(2008年的“合作”、2007年的“自信”等)。笔者希望备考2013年考研英语的考生对于每一种类型的作文题目都要练习，做到万无一失，有备无患。事实上，考研英语大作文的备考完全可以做到万无一失，因为考研英语作文的写作可以看成是模板和素材的排列组合，无论遇到哪一种题目类型，考生都可以通过相应模板和素材的变换来拿到满意的分数。笔者建议考生仔细研读近十年这三类文章的高分范文，总结出自己的写作套路和论证方法，然后结合素材，强化背诵和仿写。有了扎实的基本功，考生在考场就能正常发挥，不会因为实力不济或者受押题思路影响而出现审题失误的情况，犯下不该犯的错误。

2. 文章结构

笔者把考研英语大作文的文章结构总结为“三分天下，六方论证”。

“三分天下”指的是将文章写成三段：首段主要对图画进行总体描述和细节描述；中间段说明图画的寓意，并进行相关论证；结尾段则是申明自己的观点与建议。

“六方论证”指的是文章的中间段可以采取六种论证方法，包括陈述现象、说明成因、阐述后果、举例、引用、引申。就本次大作文题目来讲，许多考生在写作中间段时要么逻辑不清晰，要么论证不充分，导致最终失分。本次作文要论证的主题是“乐观心态”或者“积极人生态度”的重要性。写作中间段时，很多考生能想到用“说明成因+阐述后果+引用”的论证方法来论述，但是由于很少接触正面观点类文章的写作，因而在构思写作思路时存在一些困难。针对“乐观”怎么写成因和后果呢？事实上，考生只要围绕“为什么要乐观”以及“如果不乐观有什么后果”这两方面来写就可以了。如果能想到这两点，那么写作的思路就清晰了。以后考生遇到任何正面观点类文章，都可以借鉴此种思路：先说明成因，即“为什么要有这类正面观点”；然后写后果，即“不具备这种观点的后果是什么”。考生如果有这样清晰的逻辑思路，写作时就有充分的时间去组织语言，而不必纠结于论证方法。

3. 语言组织

在语言组织方面，考生写作时主要存在两方面的问题。第一个问题是对于不会拼写的单词不懂得同义改写。这次大作文的题目是“乐观心态”，主题词“乐观”用英文说应该是optimism。很多考生不会写optimism，于是花了很长时间纠结于这个词，最后要么空着没写，要么写了该词的中文拼音。其实，考生在考场遇到这种情况时应该想到同义改写。比如，如果考生不会写optimism，应想到用同义替换词组positive attitude (积极的心态)来代替。第二个问题是没有避免单词的重复使用。“单词多样性”是高分作文很重要的标准之一。很多考生在短短160多个单词的文章中用了近十次optimism，使得文章在遣词方面显得过于单一。这可能会给阅卷老师一个信号，那就是该考生词汇量贫乏，结果就是给分不高。现在离2013年考研还有一段时间，想拿高分的同学一定要注意积累写作核心词汇的同义转换词和替换词。例如，本次考试的optimism还可以换作affirmative state of mind。类似的高频词汇的同义转换词还有如下这些：think—cling to the idea that、popular—prevalent、famous—prestigious、more and more—increasingly、great—enormous/excessive、hatred—resentment、threat—menace等等。

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参考范文及详解

Looking at this thought-provoking picture symbolically depicted by the drawer, I do realize how significant it is to be optimistic. Two men react in an extremely different manner when seeing a bottle of water overturned on the ground. Their facial expressions imply that one is rather gloomy and the other is quite composed and confident.

Common as it is at first glance, it brims with illumination after serious pondering. Nowadays, it is inevitable for individuals to encounter twists and turns in their lives. No one will be an exception. Steve Jobs is a case in point. He became an idol of many young people for his outstanding performance in running Apple company while he suffered from cancer. But for optimism, he could never have been such a high-achiever. Hence, it pays to be affirmative like the man with the smile illustrated in the cartoon. Possessing this quality, one can not only achieve greater success but also exert positive influence on others. If one invariably succumbs to pessimism, he/she can’t be expected to tap his/her full potential in life.

Accordingly, it is high time that we deliberately fostered this state of mind. For one thing, schools and parents cannot shun their obligation to guide young people to be affirmative. For another, the public media should advocate the importance of optimism. Only with a positive attitude towards life can our promising future be guaranteed.

文章首段开门见山地指出了图画的寓意是“乐观心态的重要性”，突破常规模式，给阅卷老师眼前一亮的感觉。在句式上，首段用了现在分词作伴随状语以及非限定定语从句，做到了句式多样性。这都符合高分文章开篇的特点：准确、有效、让人印象深刻。

中间段第一句是模板句式，几乎适用于所有图画作文题目。对于这类句式，考生可以适当积累一部分，一来可以节省写作时间，二来这类句式的用词与造句都较高级，可以增加文章亮点。从论证方法上来看，范文采用了传统的“陈述现象+举例+说明成因+阐述后果”的模式，逻辑清晰，论证充分。文中举乔布斯的例子来支撑观点，贴切又新颖。从用词上来看，本文用词比较灵活多样。比如，“成功者”不用successful people，而用到high-achiever，“常常”不用often而换成invariably等。用词实际上是阅卷老师给分的首要标准，考生要尽量做到“准确”“多样”“高级”。

结尾段作为总结段落，强调了乐观的重要性，指出我们需要有意识培养乐观心态，并从学校、家长和媒体的力量等方面提出如何培养这一心态。需要指出的是，考生在结尾段写建议时可以从四个角度来思考：第一，政府：建议政府issue related laws and regulations (颁布相应法规)以及enhance supervision (加强监管)；第二，媒体：建议媒体advocate and publicize the notion/awareness/virtue/quality (倡导宣传理念/意识/美德/品质)。第三，学校和家长：建议学校和家长cultivate and guide young people (培养和引导年轻人)。第四，个人：个人要做到self-disciplined (自我约束)。

备考建议

对于考研英语大作文，考生可以分基础、强化和冲刺三个阶段来备考。在基础阶段，考生可以背诵一些写作高频词汇和近十年大作文真题的高分范文；在强化阶段，考生应重视大作文各类素材的积累，比如环境类、文化类、个人成长类、就业压力类、稳定和谐类、成功幸福类等；在冲刺阶段，考生应提炼出自己针对各类写作题目的模板，做大量练习。此外，考生除了常写常练，还应让他人帮自己修改，了解自己写作的缺点所在，有针对性提高写作水平。

3.考研英语一真题和答案 篇三

Like the Internet, mobile phones benefit people hugely. With mobile phones, the home will become a library, a school, an office and an entertainment center. All transactions, from banking to shopping, will be performed electronically and all information, from train schedules to discount-price goods, will be as close as the press of a key. On the contrary, despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by digital products, the changes it brings could very well lead to potentially adverse consequence. For example, as nearly all activities could be conducted on mobile phones, we could all become hermit-like, never feeling any need to leave the screen. This would be unfortunate because we will become so addicted to virtual world that we might never be exposed to social interaction.

From the preceding discussion, it is readily apparent that mobile phone, as an increasingly popular form of communication among people, has both its upsides and downsides. To be sure, the mobile phone can be used by young people in productive and useful ways. However, the adolescents must be sure to limit the time they spend on digital products, or their academic work and social life will eventually pay the price. (262 words)

参考译文

如图所示，四个年轻人坐在桌旁准备吃饭。不幸的是，面对很多美味营养的饭菜，他们并未吃喝，而是每人拿着一只手机盯着屏幕，丝毫不想聊天或吃饭。我们得知：“手机时代的聚会”。

和网络一样，手机给人们带来了巨大的好处。有了手机，家里就成了图书馆、学校、办公室，甚至是游乐中心。所有交易，从跑银行到买东西，都可以通过手机来完成;所有信息，从火车时刻表到折价商品目录，只需轻按键盘就能看到。然而，尽管数码产品带来这么高的效率和这么多的方便，它带来的变化也很有可能造成潜在的不良后果。例如，由于几乎所有的活动都可以在手机上进行，我们就可能像隐士那样，感到没有必要离开家。这将是不幸的，因为我们将完全沉溺于手机，以至于可能再也不会进行社会交际。

4.考研英语一真题大、小作文 篇四

As is vividly depicted in the drawing， in the middle of the cartoon stands a hot pot， containing many Chinese cultural symbols， such as Beijing operas， Daoism， and some foreigh cultural symbols， etc. How impressive the drawing is in describing the common phenomenon that Chinese culture is becoming increasingly integrated into the world. The drawer‘s intention seems to be highly self-evident and the meaning causes us to be thought-provoking.

It holds to be apparent that the cartoon is indicative of a pervasive phenomenon with regard to culture. When it comes to(一谈到) culture，its great impacts and benefits can‘t be too estimated. As China opens to the outside world， our traditional culture is embracing the foreign culture， thus making our Chinese culture more diversified， colorful and internationalized just like a melting pot. What the picture conveys goes far beyond this. The fact that people from different countries are attracted to each other， indicating that to some extent different cultures can be accepted，respected，appreciated and shared internationally. Or put it in another way， Chinese unique culture can become international through worldwide cultural exchanges. Since the trend of globalization become irresistible， cultural integration can effectively improve mutual understanding and friendship among different countries.

In my personal sense， Chinese national culture as priceless spiritual treasure should be preserved and cherished. Meanwhile，there are good reasons to embrace foreign cultures on the ground that those ideas from other cultures can provide different perspectives for us to observe the world in the long run. However，confronted with a different culture，we should be sensible enough to absorb its essence and to resist its dark side. Only in this way can we promote cultural integration positively， thus making our motherland dimensional， colorful and vigorous. (298 words)

5.2015年考研英语阅读真题精析 篇五

整体情况

纵观2015年考研英语的整张试卷，总体难度趋于平稳，这符合研究生考试的一贯风格。究其原因有二：首先，考研英语的内容取材在近十年已经非常稳定，主要集中在诸如The Economist、Business Week、Time、The Scientist等期刊，取材的稳定性就决定了文章在内容难度上不会有太大波动;其次，对于这样一门有可能决定上百万人命运的考试，在试题难度上玩“过山车”显然有违这门考试的精神。除了2010年第一次在考研英语中考查了新题型排序题（阅读理解Part B）导致当年这道10分的大题得分率很低（那一年，艺术生国家线下调近10分），其他所有年份的试题难度都基本相同。

针对今年考生们反映的阅读理解难度偏大的问题，笔者认为也有两个原因：其一，今年阅读理解的第一篇文章内容是王室退位，中国考生对这一话题比较陌生;其二，历年考研英语阅读的四篇文章在难易程度上都有区别，难、易文章的排列顺序也有所不同，而今年把相对较难的文章放在第一篇的位置，因此很多考生还未充分“热身”就被弄了个措手不及。

给2016年考生：在考研英语大纲对考试题型不做太大调整的情况下，新一年的试题难度依然以稳定为主旋律。

真题解析及备考建议

下面笔者从词汇、长难句和命题规律三个方面来具体评析2015年考研英语的阅读部分。

1考研英语高频词汇的重复规律还在延续

考研英语大纲要求的词汇量是5500，每一年实际考查到的卷面词汇量为3700左右，排除掉the、of、be动词、don’t、have等常见高频词后，真正考查到的单词量在3000左右（其中还有大量的中学词汇）。因此，事实上真正达到考研英语级别的单词只有2000个左右（通常称之为考研英语核心词汇，这些词在考研英语词汇书《恋练有词》中做了详实分类）。在这2000个核心词汇的范围内，每年有大量的单词被重复考查，例如2015年考研英语阅读Text 3中的主题词statistics （n. 统计学;统计数据）、statistical （adj. 统计的）、journal （n. 期刊）、impact （n. 影响），以及Text 2中出现的privacy （n. 隐私）等。

词汇重复现象的出现主要是由于考研英语阅读文章取材于近年的同类期刊，谈论的话题具有鲜明的时代性，在同一领域、同一时代发生的事件往往存在关联，这也就导致了表达所用的词和短语可能重复出现。例如，法律是近年常考的题材，笔者猜想，这与依法治国的时代背景密不可分。在考前冲刺的最后半个月，笔者在微博（新浪微博@唐迟老师）中为考生罗列了近三年真题中的核心法律词汇，其中supreme court、constitution、authorize、justice、legitimate、trial、defense和illegal分别出现在了本次考试阅读部分的Text 2和Text 4中。这其实不难理解，两篇文章都谈到phone hacking （电话窃听）导致的隐私泄露问题，当然就免不了涉及法律的相关内容。谈到这个话题，相信考生马上就能联想到2013年世界范围内的热点话题——发生在美国的“电话监听”事件。由此再来想“考研英语高频词汇的重复规律”就不会感到意外了。

同时，笔者还要提醒备考2016年研究生考试的考生，以往记拼写和中文释义这种孤立记单词的方法已经远远满足不了当下考研英语的要求，考生还必须了解这些词的用法，特别是在考研英语中的考法。例如，本次考试阅读部分Text 3中board一词取的是“董事会，委员会”的含义，而非一般词汇书中的第一个释义“木板”;novel一词考的是其形容词含义“新颖的”，而非常见的名词含义“小说”。Text 4中的主题词integrity的一个常见释义是“完整性”，而在文中的意思是“诚信”，考生如果不知道后者，在阅读文章时就会遇到极大的障碍。

给2016年考生：①词汇复习的范围要详略得当，把重点放在近年真题中出现的核心词汇上;②拒绝孤立背单词，结合真题例句来背单词，在考研复习的前三个月将《恋练有词》中的核心词汇过完三遍。

2长难句是读文章和做题的关键

相较于2014年，本次考试阅读部分的长难句数量有所下降，但长难句的长度却丝毫不逊色。例如，Text 2的末句长达62个单词，是名副其实的长难句，如下所示。

Orin Kerr， a law professor， compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th： The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.

当考生迷信所谓的解题技巧时，千万不要忘记，考研英语是一门英语语言考试，因此英语的“硬实力”不可忽视。通过长难句的考查，命题者立马就能让妄图只想通过所谓技巧来做题的考生“现出原形”。命题者如何做到这一点呢？很简单，对长难句设置题目即可，Text 2的最后一道题目针对的就是上面这个长难句。

6.考研英语一真题答案及解析 篇六

I am writing this letter to recommend you some famous attractions of this city. I have lived here since 1990 and have been familiar with every corner of our city.

Firstly, considering that you are the fresh visitor to our city, so it is advisable for you to have a look upon the City’s Museum, which is beneficial for quickly learning the comprehensive perspective, such as the development of this city, and its specific culture. What’s more, another tourist site deserving your attention is our special and sophisticated buildings in the center of the city, since these buildings are telling residents the gradual changing habits and lifestyles, which are helpful to assimilate yourself into this city.

I do hope that you would find these tourist attractions worthy of you visit and appreciation.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

【试题点评】具体相关知识点和解题思路在考研教育网基础阶段英语基础班的作文部分有重点讲解。

Part B

52. Directions：

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should

1)describe the pictures briefly,

2)interpret the meaning , and

3)give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points )

【参考范文】

Here are two pictures, both interesting but with sharply contrasted implication. As is vividly depicted in the first photo, a man sitting in sofa looking at his bookshelves and satisfied with the quantity, which successfully arouses our curiosity. On the contrary, the second picture describes that another teenager set his aim at complete 20 pieces books reading, finally completing the contrast is supposed to be given further analysis.

With the increasing pace of modern life, perhaps no change has characterized the past decade more dramatically than wide spread of reading. Naturally, it brings us both advantages and disadvantages. As for my part, the latter outweighs its former. On the top of list is that people became flippancy without reading. In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally admitted that a nation will recede with reading. No other case can better illustrate the consequences of what I have discussed than the picture above.

7.考研真题英语一 篇七

本套真题答案由海文机构提供目前仅供参考，标准答案在官方公布后会为您更新

Section I Use of English

1、【答案】[B] for

【解析】此处考察介词的用法。it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things(信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情)此处应该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。B选项for(对...来说)符合语义，故为正确答案;A选项from(来自于)，C选项like(像...)，D选项on(关于)语义不恰当，故排除。

2、【答案】[C] faith

【解析】此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ___ for ___ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.(一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____.(另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，只有C选项faith(信任、忠诚)与trust属于近义词复现，故正确答案为[C] faith。

3、【答案】[B] price

【解析】此处考察词义辨析。第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition __ for __ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.(一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high____.(另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，并且根据空格所在句中的关键词“wrong place”，本句应该在说信任不当的弊端，所以空格处应该填入一个负向感情色彩的词，故A选项benefit和D选项hope排除，而C选项debt(债务)带入之后语义不当，故正确答案为[B] price(代价)。

4、【答案】[D] Then

【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。上段讲述的是信任的好处和信任不当的弊端。第二段段首提出问题：“_____我们为什么要信任”。只有D选项then(那么)填入后能形成顺畅的语义和逻辑关系。故正确答案为D then(那么)。A选项again(再次)表示强调;B选项instead(但是、然而)表示转折;C选项therefore(因此)表示结果，不符合要求，故排除。

5、【答案】[A] When

【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。空格所在句含义为：______人们信任一个人或一个组织机构，他们的大脑会释放催产素。只有A选项when(当..时候)填入后符合逻辑要求，故正确答案为A选项when。其他三个选项B选项unless(如果不)表条件，C选项although(尽管)表让步，D选项until(直到...)表时间，带入后均语义不通顺，故排除。

6、【答案】[C] produce

【解析】此处考察动宾搭配问题。上文指出：When people place their trust in an …their brains release oxytocin, a hormone.上文指出当人们产生信任感，大脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙，后面是定语从句，句内的动宾搭配，可推知这个荷尔蒙能产生令人愉悦的情绪，并且与后面的trigger同义复现，因此C.produce 正确。

7、【答案】[A] connect

【解析】此处考察上下文信息照应题。上文讲到这种荷尔蒙能够激发一种群居本能，the herding instinct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and promote …with one another，这种本能有两个作用，并用and 连接，所以复现同义and 前面的flock together.因此选择A.connect

8、【答案】[B] to

【解析】此处考察上下语境下的名词介词搭配问题。根据上文的结论，下文实验展开分析，Swiss scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts us….所以研究中要求受试者要先处于这种环境中，所以名词exposure to 构成搭配语义关系，表示“接触”的意思，因此选择to。

9、【答案】[D] mood

【解析】此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应。上文提到身体会产生荷尔蒙，会给你带来一种愉悦的情

绪pleasurable feelings，这个上文结论。实验中exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting …，因此，根据上下文，试验中，处于这种荷尔蒙环境中，会给人带来情绪;语气;心境。因此选择 mood。

10、【答案】[A] counterparts

【解析】此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应。上文指出，In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects ,可推知本句再讲与另外一组受试者比较。故选择A。counterparts.相对物，相对应的人。

11、【答案】[C] Lucky

【解析】此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。因为这个句子当中有个词also，说明前文和后文情感是一致的关系。说我们有这两种天赋，对大家来说都是好事，所以需要选择一个正向的情感色彩。只能选择lucky。A选项odd 奇怪的是，B选项funny 有趣的是，D选项ironic 讽刺的是，皆不符合文意。

12、【答案】[A] protect

【解析】此处考察上下文的成分搭配。因为这个句子当中有个词also，说明前文和后文情感是并列平行关系，前后情感应该一致。所以此处只能选择protect 保护我们，符合文意。B选项delight 使高兴;C 选项 surprise 使震惊;D选项monitor 监控皆不符合文意。

13、【答案】[D] between

【解析】此处考察固定搭配。differentiate between A and B.介词between表示在A和B之间 , 原文含义为：“4个月大的孩子可以区分出一个可信的人和一个不诚实的人”。

14、【答案】[C] introduced

【解析】此处考察成分搭配。原文表达： Sixty toddlers were each______ to an adult tester holding a plastic container.只有C选项be introduced to sth表示“初次认识某事物”，符合文意。A 选项added 添加;B选项transferred转移;D选项 entrusted 委托，皆不符合文意。

15、【答案】[B] inside

【解析】此处考察介词搭配及词义复现。原文表达：“What’s in here?” before looking into the container…… Each subject was then invited to _________.只有选择B选项inside 才能和前文所表达的in here和looking into一脉相承。

16、【答案】[D] discovered

【解析】此处考察词义复现，属于句子内部的显性线索。根据原文Half of them found a toy;the other half 16 the container was empty… 这是用分号并列的连个句子，都是在讲试验的结果句型结构基本一致，前半句再讲一半的受测者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句肯定是再说另半会怎么样，两个小分句的结构基本一致Half of them = the other half，found=16，a toy= the container was empty，所以16题填入的应该是found的同义词，发现的含义，故D为正确选项。

17、【答案】[A] fooled

【解析】此处句间逻辑关系，属于句子内部的显性线索。—and realized the tester had 17 them，此句位于破折号后面，是对前面意思的解释说明。前面提到另一半人发现盒子是空的，并且意识到测试者对他们怎么样，既然盒子是空的那么肯定认识到测试者是在戏弄他们，所以作对此题必须要理解tester测试者是主语，宾语是them指的是受测者，主语的意思决定了谓语动词的含义为戏弄，故A fooled为正确选项。

18、【答案】[B] willing

【解析】 此处考察搭配关系，属于句子内部的显性线索。Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.根据句子结构我们可以看出逗号之前是一个介词短语意为在所有没有被戏弄过的孩子里面，大多数的孩子在习得一种新技能的时候与测试者的合作是怎么样的，demonstrating that they trusted his leadership表明这些孩子信任他的领导，所以既然信任他们就是愿意与其合作，故选择B.willing，与were willing to 构成固定搭配，意为愿意。

19、【答案】[D] In contrast

【解析】此处考察句间的逻辑关系。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.通过该句中的only仅仅，可以看出与上文的 the majority of 形成鲜明的对比，19题应该填入的应该是表示转折，与上文形成对比的逻辑关系词。分析四个选项A表示总结，B表示结果，C表示举例子，只有D表示转折，对比，故D为正确选项。

20、【答案】[C] unreliable

【解析】此处考察词义辨析。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.该句含义为：在接下来的活动中30个孩子中只有5个孩子与。。样的测试者能合作，所以结合上文提到的大部分孩子信任测试者，但是5/30属于一小部分，大部分对应的是信任，那么小比例的对应的是不信任，所以 tester的修饰词应该为C，unreliable不可靠的，不可信任的，故C为正确选项。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、【答案】D Middle-class workers

【解析】根据题干中“threatned”和“automation”定位到第一段首句“the annoyi-ng challenge facing the middle class is one that...for their jobs”中的challenge和第二段的最后三句话，可以得知相对于低收入者和富人，中产阶级受到的冲击最大。

22、【答案】C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

【解析】根据题干可定位到第三段中的首句“this isn’t to be alarmist”和末句“But...middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting”，but转折句再一次强调了作者的观点，即中产阶级工人需要很多帮助来调整应对问题。同时，末句中”may need a lot of help”同义替换成选项C中的“need to be tackled”，自动化带来的问题需要被解决，得出C答案。

23、【答案】A creative potential

【解析】根据题干中的关键词可定位到第四段第二句“Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication”。由该句可知，课程应该更关注创造性和复杂的沟通而非记忆事实。所以，应该选C选项creative potential(创造潜能)，同义替换为creativity。

24、【答案】D preventing the income gap from widening

【解析】该题考查作者的观点，根据题干中的关键词可定位到第六段第一句“Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought”。由该句可知，由于自动化加大了资本收入和劳动力收入的差距，所以应该重新考虑税收和安全网(保障措施)，即税收政策应该避免收入差距扩大，选D选项preventing the income gap from widening。

25、【答案】B possible solutions to it

【解析】作者在文章第一、二段提出问题“中产阶级受自动化危害最大”之后，第三段的末尾句提出中产阶级需要帮助去适应自动化的发展，接下来第四段至第六段介绍解决方法，最后一段表明作者观点。所以应该选B 选项possible solutions to it(解决问题的相应方法)。

Text 2

26、【答案】[D] social media as a reliable source of news

【解析】双段推理题。根据题目定位到第1段和第2段，双段推理优先考虑双段主旨。第一段中心句为最后一句话：Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform。“千禧一代喜欢白宫直接发布的消息…而不是总统社交媒体发布的信息”，说明他们不太信任社交媒体。第2段中心为第二句转折之后，说明对于社交媒体的不信任上升。故双段中心都和他们不信任社交媒体相关。结合以上信息，得出社交媒体信息不可靠，选择D。

27、【答案】[A] sharpen

【解析】词汇释义题。根据题目定位到第2段第2句：Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills。句子的情感色彩判断，因为逗号前提到“人们对于所有媒体的不信任增加”，可以推知人们应该开始增强其媒体素养的技能，故选A。

28.【答案】B verify news by referring to diverse sources.【解析】范例证明题。根据题干定位至第三段第二句话。因为某项研究一般是论据证明前面的论点，故答案应该位于第一句话“Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at seperating fact from fiction in cyberspace.” 说明答案应该“和年轻人更容易把网络中的事实和虚假信息区分开来”，故答案为B“验证新闻的真伪”。为了精确可以在论据中去验证，论据中提到“verify stories”, “cross check sources”和“prefer news from different

perspectives”，都是和多重角度验证信息真伪相关的。

29.【答案】C readers’ misinterpretation

【解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位至第五段第三句found之后a main reason对应the top reason，而原文剩余信息为“reader error”, 所以应该和读者相关。Error应该对应misinterpretation, 故答案为C readers’ misinterpretation。若本句不清晰，下句进一步说明答案的内容，文中misintepretation or exerggeration of actual news进一步印证C为正确答案。

30.【答案】A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

【解析】全文主旨题。本篇文章属于篇首转折，二段转折之后为全文主旨，yet之后说道：“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be strarting to beef up their media literacy skills”.“随着对于所有媒体不信任的上升，人们开始增强其媒体素养的技能”，故答案为A。为了验证，可以看篇末，篇末重申主题，so之后讲道“so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reaveal a mental discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social media.” 更进一步说明和人们批判性看待社交媒体上的新闻相关。

Text 3

31、【答案】[B] It failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights.【解析】细节题。根据题干中的NHS, DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句“It is against that background that the information commissioner, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy”。根据a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy这一部分的语义信息，说明NHS与DeepMind之间的协议没有充分考虑到病人的权利与隐私。这句话的言外之意就是协议未能充分关注病人的权利。故确定答案为选项B，其中failed to是took far too little account的同义改写。

32、【答案】[C] necessary adjustments.【解析】细节题。根据题干中的NHS trust, 以及Denham’s verdict回文定位第二段第二句“The NHS trust has mended its ways.” 根据第二句的语义信息，NHS trust针对Denham’s verdict已经调整了其与DeepMind的协议内容，故通过同义替换，可确定正确答案为C。

33、【答案】[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it.【解析】推理题。根据题干，此题定位在第二段最后一句but之后的转折句。“But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives data value”.这种区分忽视了一个点：是处理和收集赋予数据意义，而不是拥有数据。选项中的 “processing”和原文中的“processing”原词复现。选项中的“the value of data”对应原文中的“data value”。因此，D项为正确答案。

34、【答案】[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.【解析】细节题。根据题干此题定位在文中最后一段的第四句。“What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.”重要的是这些进步属于一个私人垄断企业，而私人垄断企来使用公共资源进行研发。而这正真正的担忧所在。因此，选项D为正确答案, the monopoly of big data by tech giants对应原文中的a private monopoly。

35、【答案】[B] cautious

【解析】态度题。本题考查作者对本文主题“将人工智能应用于医疗健康”的态度。根据顺序性原则定位在最后一段。该段倒数第三句话指出“我们目前依然处于这一改革的前期，并且任何小的选择都会对未来产生深远的影响”，其中“still”一词，以及“small”(小)和“gigantic”(巨大的)对比，都体现出了作者对待整个事件是小心谨慎的态度，因此[B] cautious为正确答案。

Text 4

36、【答案】[B] its rigid management

【解析】根据题干判断本题考查因果细节。第一段的前三句都是有关USPS的具体数字，属于细节信息。第四句出现many reasons很多原因。紧接着下面就有fundamentally根本原因是，所以定位在第一段的最后一句。然后分析这个长难句，USPS 处在squeeze between 1 and 2,中，1是technological change, 2是structure.2的structure后定语从句：denies management flexibility 对应选项B: rigid management。

【干扰项分析】：选项A，budget文中未有涉及。选项C，虽然有提到technological ,原文technological change 后的定语从句说的是：技术改革降低需求，并没有提到cost成本问题。选项D，the withdrawal of bank support 银行支持撤销了，原文并没有提及银行支持，直接排除。

37、【答案】[A] the interference from interest groups

【解析】 根据题干due to，判断本题考查因果细节。根据题干关键词：USPS fails to modernize 定位到原文第二段最后一句，在这句前leaving，留下，导致这个结果，往前找原因，前一句提到reform legislation, 而且这句前还有this is why，只要找到代词this指代就可以判断选项。代词往前推，根据这句主干interest groups exerts pressure on Congress选择选项A，interference 对应 exert pressure on。

【干扰项分析】选项B，the inadequate funding from Congress,原文虽然有提到Congress国会，the aspect of status quo get protected, 国会保护USPS，并没有提及inadequate funding基金不足。选项C，the shrinking demand for postal service 邮政需求缩减，文中没有提及。选项D, the incompetence of postal unions 邮政工会的不作为。文章有提到工会，但是只提他们是属于Interest groups,并没有提到无作为。

38、【答案】[A] removing its burden of retiree health care

【解析】 因果细节题。根据38题题干The long-standing complaint by the....回文定位到第3段，最后一句：“ The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus....”.再根据题干中“ can be addressed by” 即：通过哪种方式解决，此处为解题要点，通过哪种方式来解决，前后明显为结果与途径的关系，即可理解为因果关系。文章此句后半句正是题干，thus前半句为答案The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care。与 A.B.C.D 四个选项匹配后，正确答案为 A removing its burden of retiree health care。

39、【答案】[C] discontent

【解析】根据题干可以判断本题为观点态度题。回文定位到最后一段。题干“the author seems to view legislators with”, 具体定位到最后一段倒数第2句：“ The emerging.....is a sign that legislators are getting frightened.......” 再根据题干，问作者最终态度，本段最后一句，转折句是作者最终的态度：“ It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about....” , 即作者认为他们并没有认真对待。所以此处作者态度为否定。匹配A B C D 四个选项 只有C discontent(不满)为负向信息，所以为正确答案。

40、【答案】[D] The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-Aid

【解析】根据题干特征词“best title”，这是一道主旨题。根据前四道题问的主题，第一道题和第二道题是USPS出现了问题，并分析原因，第三道题给出解决方法，第四道题提到作者对于这个方法的态度，即提出问题—分析问题—解决问题，并在最后给出作者对这个解决方案的评价。根据这个文章框架，首先A选项“USPS开始错过了它的好时光”，这只是提出问题，相对片面;B选项“USPS：不要动我的奶酪”, 这是拒绝解决问题的态度，不符合文章的写作思路;C选项“USPS：慢性病需要快方法”，这个chronic和quick都没有在文中提到;D选项“USPS需要的不仅仅是权宜之计”，这说的其实作者对于解决方案的评价，在文章最后一段。这段最后结尾有But，有however，“it[指代前文讲的方法] is not a sign……”，对此作者表示否定态度。所以D选项为正确答案。Part B

41、【答案】 [E] The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB)commands a…

【解析】 E段首先介绍EEOB的全称，对全文进行概述提出话题，可选为41题答案。同时，从给定选项C第一句提到the State, War，and Navy Building…，the在此特指，可以作为另一一个线索，在E选项中最后一句，复现了the State, War，and Navy Building...。故41题答案选E。

42、【答案】[G] The history of the EEOB began long before its…

【解析】C选项最后一句谈到了many historic events(建筑内呈现了历史事件)，而G选项第一句提到了the history of the EEOB…(EEOB的历史...)，意思一致，承上启下，故42题答案选G。

43、【答案】[A] In December of 1869, Congress appointed…

【解析】确定G后，根据G选项最后一句，...the demolition of the State Department Building(谈到拆除the State Department Building), 而A选项中谈到了select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department，建立一个新的State Department Building，前后意思顺接，故43题答案选A。

44、【答案】[B] Completed in 1875, the State Department’s south wing…

【解析】 根据给定的F段，首句是段落大意，该句提到了...as the building slowly rose wing by wing(该建筑逐翼展开).而B选项第一句谈到了...south wing was the first to be occupied(首先坐落在南翼)，然后在B选项最后一句又谈到...moved into the east wing(之后又移至东翼).先在F段总起，再在B段中分说，前后对应，故44题答案选B.45、【答案】[D] Many of the most celebrated national figures…

【解析】 B段结尾处谈到了where elaborate wall…decorated the office of the Secretary(这些精美的墙....装饰了秘书处的办公室)，而D段第一句提到了...that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls(历史事件在这些EEOB的墙上呈现), the wall原词复现，两句话意思一致，故45题答案选D。

Section III Translation

(46)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.【题目考点】代词还原;并列结构

【句子结构】and并列两个句子，主干分别为：…Europe was witnessing the passing … and the creation of …;of the religious drama为定语修饰the passing;under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy为状语

【重点词汇】witness 见证 religious宗教的 drama戏剧 incentive刺激

【参考译文】莎士比亚出生之时，欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝，在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下，很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。

(47)no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.【题目考点】定语从句;宾语从句;并列结构

【句子结构】主句主干：no boy… could be ignorant that…。who引导的定语从句修饰boy，that引导为形容词ignorant的宾语从句，which引导的定语从句修饰a form of literature，gave…and might bring honor…为先行词a form of literature的并列谓语结构。

【重点词汇】grammar school 文法学校 ignorant忽视 literature文学 glory 荣耀

【参考译文】任何文法学校的学生都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，也许同样会给英格兰带来殊荣。

(48)But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.【题目考点】并列句

【句子结构】并列句主干分别为：…companies prospered … and university men …were quick to…

【重点词汇】professional 专业的 prosper繁荣 permanent theater永久性剧院

【参考译文】但是专业公司的永久性剧院却兴旺起来，于是高校一些有着文学抱负的人迅速抓住机遇，将其作为一个谋生手段。

(49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.【题目考点】伴随状语，并列结构，被动语态

【句子结构】本句是一个由and连接的并列句。and前的句子主干为一个被动语态的简单句：a … drama had been created, with引导一个伴随状语;and后的句子也为一个被动语态的简单句：some of its great traditions had been begun。

【重点词汇】alliance作为名词意为“联盟，联合;联姻”，常与介词with进行搭配使用。establish作为动词意为“建立，创办”，也可引申为“诞生”。at least为固定搭配，表示“至少”。tradition作为名词表示“传统，惯例”。

【参考译文】一种本土文学戏剧形式诞生了，它与公共剧院结成联盟，至少它的一些优良传统开始登上历史舞台了。

(50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.【题目考点】非谓语，宾语从句，定语从句

【句子结构】本句结构较为复杂，主句部分为“we must remember…”，主句之前的非谓语to realize作为目的状语，后接了一个how引导的宾语从句。主句中，两个that分别引导了两个remember的宾语从句，其中第二个宾语

从句中，有一个whose引导的定语从句，修饰author of note。

【重点词汇】realize作为动词表示“实现，了解，认识到”。dramatic为drama的形容词形式，意思为“戏剧的，引人注目的，激动人心的”。survive作为动词表示“幸存，活下来;比…活得长”。hosts of表示“大量的”。

【参考译文】为了了解戏剧性活动有多么伟大，我们必须牢记大量的戏剧已经被遗忘了，并且有可能没有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下来。

Section IV Writing

51.【参考范文】

Dear professors，I, on behalf of the Students’ Union, am writing this letter to invite all of you to attend the graduation ceremony.The ceremony will be held in the Sports Hall of our university on this Friday morning, from 9 a.m.to 11 a.m.The details about the ceremony are as follows.First and foremost, the president will make a speech for the graduates, blessing them to have a bright future.In addition, several experts will be invited to issuing certificates to all the graduates.It would be a great honor for us to have the accompany of all of you in the graduation ceremony.Therefore, we all hope that you can spare your time to attend it and we are looking forward to your reply to tell us whether you can attend it or not on that day.Your sincerely，Li Ming

52.【参考范文】