非谓语动词下篇用法归纳

2024-10-01

非谓语动词下篇用法归纳（共7篇）

1.非谓语动词下篇用法归纳篇一

1. 常接不定式作宾语的动词有afford ,agree, arrange, ask, cannot help but, choose, dare, decide, demand, determine, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, like, love, long, manage, mean, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, want, wish, would like 等;

2. 常接动名词作宾语的动词有consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, keep (on), mind, miss, practice, put off, resist, pardon, risk, suggest, feel, allow, permit, forbid, advise, admit, feel like, set about, stick to, be used to, look forward to, insist on, persist in, think of, dream of, object to, hear of, prevent from, keep from, stop from, be engaged in, oppose to, depend on, thank for, punish for, praise for, excuse for, aim at, devote to, be devoted to, spend in, have a good time in, have trouble/difficulty in, be fond of, be afraid of, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be successful in, be interested in, be ashamed of, be proud of, be responsible for等;

3. 常接不定式和动名词作宾语都可以的动词有1)没有大区别的like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, prefer, 2)有区别的remember, forget, regret, try, help, mean, stop, go on, want/require/need/deserve等;

4. 常接不定式特殊结构作宾语的动词有decide, find out, forget, remember, know, learn, see, wonder, discuss, show, teach, explain, tell等;

5. 常接不定式作宾补的动词有see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, listen to, look at; have, let, make; consider, declare, find, prove, think, judge, believe, discover, feel, suppose; ask, tell, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, get, invite, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn,等;

6. 不定式的逻辑主语的导入

1) John was careless to break the cup.

=It was careless of John to break the cup.

(brave, wise, clever, bright, cute, foolish, stupid, silly, cruel, good, nice, honest, kind, lazy, modest, polite, rude, selfish等)

2) For you to teach Mary is easy.

=It is easy for you to teach Mary.

(cheap, dangerous, difficult, hard, easy, expensive, extraordinary, funny, interesting, important, impossible, possible, proper, improper, pleasant, splendid, strange, useful 等)

7. 主动表示被动

1) Apples are good to eat.

The chair is comfortable to sit in.

This is a hard problem to solve.

This is a problem hard to solve.

(easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, impossible, important, comfortable, interesting, funny, pleasant, good, nice, bitter, sweet, sour, hot等)

2) His hair needs cutting.

(want, need, deserve, require)

3) The old radio is past repairing.

The beauty of the Great Wall is beyond painting.

4) The film is worth seeing again.

8. 接过去分词作宾补的动词有：

1) Everyone thought the battle lost.

(see, hear, watch, feel)

2) She couldn’t wait to make it known that she had bought a new car.

(make, get, have, keep)

3) I want the book returned before Friday.

(wish, like, want)

9. 接现在分词作宾补的动词有：

1) Can you smell something burning?

(see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to)

2) I won’t have you saying that.

(have, set, keep, get, leave, send)

★ 英语非谓语动词知识点

★ 非谓语动词的三种形式

★ 谓语动词是什么有哪些

★ 英语中非谓语动词的三种形式和用法

★ 高考英语二轮复习辅导---非谓语动词教案(人教版高三英语教案教学设计)

★ 16种谓语动词时态相关知识讲解

★ practice用法搭配动词

★ 情态动词的用法总结

★ 类似常见动词的用法

★ 动词-ed结构的非范畴化探析

2.非谓语动词下篇用法归纳篇二

一、动词不定式: (to) +do, 具有名词、形容词、副词的特征

1. 不定式的形式 (以动词write为例)

否定式:not+ (to) do

(1) 一般式:

不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后, 例如:

I'm glad to meet you.

He seems to know a lot.

(2) 进行式:

不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生, 例如:

The boy pretended to be working hard.

2. 不定式的句法功能

(1) 作主语:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

(2) 作表语:

Her job is to clean the hall.

(3) 作宾语:

常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式 (宾语) 后面有宾语补足语, 则用it作形式宾语, 真正的宾语 (不定式) 后置, 放在宾语补足语后面, 例如:

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

(4) 作宾语补足语:

在复合宾语中, 动词不定式可充当宾语补足语, 如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

此外, 介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用, 如:

With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.

二、动名词

动名词既具有动词的一些特征, 又具有名词的句法功能。

1.动名词的形式

否定式:not+动名词

(1) 一般式:

Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

(2) 被动式:

He came to the party without being invited.

他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

(3) 完成式:

We remembered having seen the film.

我们记得看过这部电影。

(4) 完成被动式:

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。

(5) 否定式:not+动名词

I regret not following his advice.

我后悔没听他的劝告。

2.动名词的句法功能

(1) 作主语:

Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。

(2) 作表语:

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在蚂蚁王国, 蚁后的工作是产卵。

(3) 作宾语:

They haven't finished building the dam.

他们还没有建好大坝。

三、现在分词

现在分词既具有动词的一些特征, 又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。

1. 现在分词的形式

否定式:not+现在分词

(1) 现在分词的主动语态:

现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生, 完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生, 常作状语。例如:

They went to the park, singing and talking.

他们边唱边说向公园走去。

(2) 现在分词的被动语态:

一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作, 完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。

The problem being discussed is very important.

正在被讨论的问题很重要。

2. 现在分词的句法功能

(1) 作定语:

现在分词作定语, 当分词单独做定语时, 放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。

In the following years he worked even harder.

在后来的几年中, 他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能, 如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed;the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

(2) 现在分词作表语:

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.

正在这家上演的电影很棒。

The present situation is inspiring.

当前的形势鼓舞人心。

be+doing既可能表示现在进行时, 也可能是现在分词作表语, 它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时, 而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。

(3) 作宾语补足语:

如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:

see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?

(4) 现在分词作状语:

(1) 作时间状语:

(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

在工厂工作时, 他是一名先进工人。

(2) 作原因状语:

Being a League member, he is always helping others.由于是共青团员, 他经常帮助他人。

(3) 作方式状语, 表示伴随:

He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.

他呆在家里, 又擦又洗。

(4) 作条件状语:

(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩, 你就会浪费宝贵的时间。作结果状语:

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.

他把杯子掉了, 结果摔得粉碎。

(5) 作目的状语:

He went swimming the other day.

几天前他去游泳了。

(6) 作让步状语:

Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

虽然雨下得很大, 但不久天就晴了。

四、过去分词

过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求, 要一一记住。

过去分词的句法功能:

1. 过去分词作定语

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.

当选为委员的人将出席这次会。

注意当过去分词是单词时, 一般用于名词前, 如果是过去分词短语, 就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

2. 过去分词作表语

The window is broken.窗户破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight.

他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。

注意:be+过去分词, 如果表示状态是系表结构, 如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:

The window is broken. (系表)

The window was broken by the boy. (被动)

有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的, 不表示被动, 只表示完成。如:

boiled water (开水) , fallen leaves (落叶)

newly arrived goods (新到的货) , the risen sun (升起的太阳)

the changed world (变了的世界)

这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

3.英语非谓语动词的用法篇三

关键词：不定式动词的-ing形式过去分词

非谓语动词，顾名思义就是在句子中不能充当谓语的动词，但是，可以充当其它的句子成分，也有时态和语态的变化。这类动词包括不定式（to do）、动词的-ing 形式（分为动名词和动词的现在分词两种形式，书写形式都是doing）和过去分词（done）。

▲▲一、做主语

不定式和动名词形式都可以做主语，但过去分词不可以。如：To do such things is foolish. （做这样的事是愚蠢的。），Seeing is believing.（眼见为实）。在这一用法中，需要注意的是：1）动名词可以做主语，但动词的现在分词不可以做主语。2）不定式和动名词做主语时，谓语要用第三人称单数。3）不定式做主语时，如果主语较长，为了避免句子头重脚轻，往往用形式主语it做主语，把真正的不定式主语放在句子的后边，同时，用of或for引导出不定式的逻辑主语，置于不定式前。如：It is kind of you to stay with me in such a difficult situation.（在这样的困境中，你还能陪在我身边，真是太有爱心了。）

▲▲二、做表语

非谓语动词的这三种形式都可以用做表语。如：Her job is to clean the hall.（她的工作是清扫大厅。），Her job is washing and cooking. （她的工作就是洗衣服、做饭。），His good days is gone. （他的好日子一去不复返了。）。过去分词做表语时，要注意和句子的被动语态相区别。过去分词做表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态强调动作。例如：The glass is broken.（玻璃杯是破的。），broken 做句子的表语，表示玻璃杯的状态。The glass is broken by me .（玻璃杯被我打碎了。），这个句子属于被动语态，强调动作“被打碎了”。

▲▲三、做定语

不定式、动词的-ing形式、过去分词都可以做定语，但所表示的意义并不相同。例如：I have a lot of work to do.（我还有许多工作要做。），She is a sleeping beauty.（她是个睡美人。），He takes sleeping pills every day.（他每天吃安眠药。）The stolen book is as same as his.（偷来的那本书和他的一模一样。）。1）不定式做定语表示将来的动作。例句中的不定式表明将要做的工作还有很多。2）动名词做定语时，表示作用和用途，如例句中的“sleeping pill”（安眠药），pill 的作用是to sleep。现在分词做定语表示动词和被修饰的词之间是主动关系，或正在进行的动作，如例句中的“sleeping beauty”（睡美人），表明“Beauty is sleeping”.3）过去分词做定语表示动词和被修饰词之间是被动的关系，或已经完成的动作，如例句中的“the stolen book”表明 “The book is stolen”.这一用法要注意和现在分词做定语相区别。

▲▲四、做宾语

不定式和动词的-ing形式可以做宾语，过去分词不能做宾语。一般，一次性的动作用不定式做宾语，如：I like to swim.（我想去游泳。）。动词的-ing形式做宾语，表示习惯性或经常性的动作，如：I like swimming.（我喜欢游泳）。常用不定式做宾语的动词有：want， hope， wish， offer， fail， plan， learn， pretend， refuse， manage， help， agree， promise， prefer 等，用动词的-ing 形式做宾语的动词和动词词组有：enjoy， finish， suggest， avoid， excuse ，delay， imagine， keep， miss， consider， admit，deny， mind， permit， forbid， practise， risk， appreciate， be busy， be worth， feel like， can't stand， can't help， think of， dream of， be fond of， prevent…（from），keep …from， stop…（from），protect…from， set about， be engaged in， spend…（in）， succeed in， be used to， look forward to， object to， pay attention to， insist on， feel like.

▲▲五、做狀语

非谓语动词的三种形式都可以做状语。1）现在分词做状语时，动词所表示的动作和逻辑主语之间是主动关系。如果逻辑主语和主句主语相一致，则逻辑主语省略，否则，逻辑主语要写在现在分词的前面。如：He stayed at home ，washing and cooking.（他呆在家里，洗衣服做饭），表示wash＼cook的执行者是he， The sun shining in the sky， I worked on the farm happily.（艳阳高照，我快乐的在田间干活），因为shine的逻辑主语the sun与主句主语I不一致，所以补出来。2）过去分词做状语，动词所表示的动作与逻辑主语之间是被动的关系。如果逻辑主语和主句主语相一致，则逻辑主语省略，否则，逻辑主语要写在过去分词的前面。如：Seen from the hill， our town looks beautiful.（从山上看，我们的城镇很漂亮）。

▲▲六、做宾语补足语

非谓语动词的三种形式都可以做宾补。1）不定式做宾补时，需要注意，如果谓语动词是感官动词或使役动词，不定式要去掉“to”。如：I heard him cry last night.（昨天晚上，我听到他哭了），但在被动句中，“to”不能省略。如：He was heard to cry last night.（昨天晚上，有人听到他哭了）。2）现在分词做宾补，表示动词所表示的动作与宾语之间是主动关系，或正在进行的动作。如：He kept the car waiting at the gate.（他让小汽车在门口等着）。3）过去分词做宾补，表示动词所表示的动作与宾语之间是被动关系，或已经完成的动作。如：I heard the song sung several times last week.（上周，我听到这首歌被唱了好多遍）。

以上是笔者在实际教学中，总结出的非谓语动词的几点用法，希望能够帮助英语学习者区分非谓语动词三种形式。

参考文献：

[1]薄冰.薄冰英语语法[M].开明出版社，2012

4.非谓语动词下篇用法归纳篇四

清明小长假来袭，这是各位考生在年后的第一个节假日，考研教育网提醒大家，千万不要松懈哦，头脑中学习的“弦”要紧绷，一旦松下来会花费更多的时间来绷紧。下面考研教育网就带各位考生来学习一下非谓语动词作状语的情况以及对该状语在语言层面、逻辑层面进行解析。

在对非谓语动词作状语这类句子的理解中，包括逻辑层面和语义层面上，尤其是非谓语作状语时，考生一定要注意其充当原因或结果的可能性，因为这些在考研中经常会成为潜在的隐形考点，下面考研教育网就通过几个例子带大家来分析一下。

【例1】Feeling threatened ， companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels ， trying to anticipate every possible accident.

【解析】

●语言层面

感觉到收到了威胁，公司通过书写冗长的警示标签作为回应，尝试着希望能够预测到没一起可能的事故。

●逻辑层面

原因：感觉受到了威胁

结果：写警告作为回应

表示因果的手段：非谓语动词作状语

【例2】

Fed up with increasing rates ， customers ， notably chemical ， coal ， and agribusiness companies ， are complaining that these are evidence that the railroads are abusing their market power.(Economist July ， )

【解析】

●语言层面

客户们特别是化工、煤炭和农业公司，已经受够了价格的上涨，他们抱怨道：这些就是铁路部门正在滥用其市场权力的证据。

●逻辑层面

原因：受够了价格的上涨。

结果：他们开始抱怨。

表示因果的手段：非谓语动词作状语。

【例3】

Observers doubt that this aggressive target that some 40% of Prada‘s revenues in America will come from the internet in 5 years is realistic ， nothing that it currently sells only bags ， wallets and other accessories online ， not its main clothing and footwear collections.(Economist July ， 2010)

●语言层面

五年内，普拉达在美国的收入有40%将来源于网络，观察者怀疑这一激进的目标是否能实现，因为他们注意到普拉达当下在网络上只卖箱包。钱夹和其他的一些饰品，而不是其主流的衣服和鞋款系列。

发出nothing 这一动作的主体为observes ，目的是为了使句子变得简洁。

●逻辑层面

原因：观察者注意到一些事实。

结果：观察者怀疑这一目标能否实现。

表示因果的.手段：非谓语动词作状语。

【例4】

●语言层面：对医生辅助自杀的争论在一定程度上是被病人的绝望加剧了，对他们而言现代医学延长了他们死亡阶段的生理痛苦。

●逻辑层面

原因1：病人的绝望

结果1：加剧了对于辅助性自杀的争论。

表示因果的手段：词汇手段fuel.

原因2：痛苦被延长。

结果2：病人绝望了。

表示因果的手段：非谓语动词。

5.非谓语动词(教案) 篇五

在英语中，不是用作句子的谓语，而是用于担任其他语法功能的的动词，称之为非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。一．非谓语动词与谓语动词之区别：

1．相同之处：

1）可以有宾语： He bought a house.He was considering buying a house.He wanted to buy a house.2)可以被状语修饰：

He always gets up very early.He is used to getting up early.3)可以有“体”式和语态的变化： She has finished her job.Having finished her work,she went home.She is treated fairly.She insisted on being treated fairly.4)可以有自己的逻辑主语： My wife often works late.I dislike my wife’s working late.It was a hot day.It being a hot day, we stayed home.2．不同之处：

1）可以起名词作用（如：不定式和动名词），在句中作主、宾、表语。Your duty is to look after the children.Complaining is no use.2）可以起形容词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作表语、定语和宾语补足语等。The vase is broken.He is the a nice person to work with.We found the story amusing.3）可以起副词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作状语。They are working hard to win still greater victory.The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二．不定式：

1．作主语（常置于句末，而用代替其做形式主语）To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy(for me)to learn a foreign language.2．作表语

My job is to look after the babies.What I would like you to do is to keep silent about it.3．作宾语

He offered to go with us.I want to see him.He considered it his duty to support his family.作宾语补语（在see, hear, observe, watch, feel, notice等感官动词以及let, make,have等动词后面，作宾补的不定式 to均省去）They asked him to sing a pop song at the concert.They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.He was heard to sing a pop song in the meeting room.4．作定语

Do you have anything to eat in your bag? He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5．作状语

In order to save the the child, he dived into the river.We are overjoyed to see you.6．不定式的逻辑主语：

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.7．连接词+不定式

He will tell me how to use the dictionary.Where to get the book is what I want to know.He didn’t tell us where to go and when to set out.8．不定式的否定形式

They decided not to give up trying.9．不定式的时态

We are happy to be with you on this trip.She is sure to succeed in the election.I’m sorry to be troubling you at such a time.I’m glad to be working with you.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.10．不定式的语态

This book is said to have been translated into many languages.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.三．动名词：

1．作主语

Saying so much is useless/no good/(of)no use It is useless/no good/(of)no use saying so much.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2．作表语

My hobby is collecting stamps.My great pleasure is learning English.3．作宾语

（下列动词只能接动名词avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, keep, practise, miss，regret, insist on, give up, put off, object to）He enjoys listening to classical music.We must avoid making such mistakes again.I wouldn’t mind waiting for another ten minutes.（有些动词后面可接动名词，也可接不定式：begin, start, continue, like, hate, prefer但动名词表示的意义是在一般情况下的行为，而不定式则表示某个具体的、一次性的行为。）

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.4．介词宾语

Are you used to eating American food? She went to school without having breakfast.5．动名词的逻辑主语

Do you mind(my)opening the window.Tom insisted on my brother’s going with him.动名词和不定式作宾语，意义不同的几组词： stop to do sth

（停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth

（停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（记住要做某事）Remember doing sth（记得曾做过某事）Forget to to do sth（忘记要做某事）Forget doing sth（忘记曾做过某事）

Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后悔）Go on to do sth（接着做另一件事）Go on doing sth（继续做某事）Try to do sth（尽力做某事）Try doing sth（尝试做某事）Need to do sth（需要做某事）Need doing（需要被做）Want to do sth（想做某事）Want doing

（需要被做）

Used to do sth（过去常常做某事）Be used doing sth（习惯做某事）

6．动名词的体式和语态

He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.Jane like being read to when she is ill.He did it without being asked.四．分词

分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示的意义是主动的、进行的；过去分词表示的意义是被动的、完成的。The developing countries The developed countries

1．作表语：

The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.The film is moving.We were moved by the film.2．作定语：

It is an interesting book.We must learn from the working people.The boy singing on the stage is my brother.This is a book written by a famous scientist.3．作宾语补足语：

(see, hear, feel, notice, watch, 分词说明动作正在发生；不定式说明动作发生的全过程。)I saw him going into the room.I saw him go into the room.4．作状语：

1)作时间或原因状语：

working in the open air,he often sings songs.Having finished his work, he went to bed.Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out.2)作伴随状语：

6.非谓语动词之动词不定式篇六

动词的非谓语形式有三种：

(1)动词不定式：to study(to + 动词原形)

(2)分词：studying(现在分词)、studied(过去分词)

(3)动名词：studying(形式与现在分词相同)

一、动词不定式

(一)作主语。在不定式短语作主语的句子中，往往用 it 作形式主语，而不把不定式短语放在句子的后面。如：

To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that.It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her.你要是把她忘了，那可太不应该了。

It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation.我们不接受邀请不合适

但是，下列形容词做表语时，不定式的逻辑主语由 of 引出：

careless粗心的，clever聪明的，cruel残忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的，naughty淘气的，nice好的，polite礼貌的，right正确的，rude无礼的，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong错误的，等等。

因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。“It is + 形容词 +of sb + to do sth”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何。而“for sb to do sth”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何

(二)作宾语及宾语补语。

1、有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有：afford负担得起，agree同意，arrange安排，ask要求，attempt试图，beg乞求，begin开始，choose选择，claim声称，consent同意，dare敢，decide决定，decline谢绝，desire欲想，demand要求，determine决心，expect期待，fail失败，forget忘记，hate讨厌，help帮助，hope希望，intend打算，learn学习，like喜欢，long渴望，manage设法，mean打算，need需要，offer主动提出，plan计划，prefer更喜欢，prepare准备，pretend假装，promise答应，refuse拒绝，remember记得，seek寻求，seem好像，tend倾向，threaten威胁，undertake承担，volunteer志愿，want想要，wish希望等。

2、不定式可以和how, which, what, who, whom, whose, when, where还有whether等词连用作宾语。常跟这种结构作宾语的动词有：ask询问，advise建议，consider考虑，decide决定，discover发现，discuss讨论，explain解释，find out查明，forget忘记，inquire打听，know知道，learn学会，remember记得，show演示，tell告诉，teach教，think想，understand懂得，wonder想知道，等等。例如：How to live a happy life is a difficult question to answer.3、有些动词需要不定式作宾语补足语。这种动词常见的有：ask请求，advise劝告，allow允许，beg乞求，believe相信，call on号召，cause促使，compel强迫，command指挥，direct指导，enable使…能够，encourage鼓励，expect期望，feel觉得，force迫使，get使得，hate不喜欢，have使，hear听见，help帮助，inspire鼓舞，intend 打算,invite邀请,instruct指示，know知道，lead引导，let让，like喜欢，listen to 听，look at看，make 使得, notice注意到, observe观察，order命令，permit允许，persuade说服，prefer更喜欢，press施加压力，remind提醒，request请求，teach教，tell告诉，urge敦促，want 想要，warn警告，wish希望，等等。

Tony knew his girl friend to be a shy college student.4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。这样的动词有：feel觉得，have使，hear听见，help帮助，let让，listen to 听，look at看，make使，notice 注意，see看见，observe 观察，watch观看等，一类是感官动词，一类是使役动词。

A policeman saw the accident happen.一位警察看见事故发生。

上述help后面的不定式省掉to与保留to都可以。在被动语态中，上述动词后面的不定式要把省去的to还原。

I heard the dog come in.我听见那条狗进来。

=The dog was heard to come in.有人听见那条狗进来。

I saw her go out by bike.我看见她骑着自行车出去了。

=She was seen to go out by bike.有人看见她骑着自行车出去了。

在had better(最好)，would rather(宁愿)，would sooner(宁愿)，would(just)as soon(宁愿)，cannot but(不能不，不由得不)，cannot help but(不能不，不由得不)等成语后面也跟不带to的不定式：

He would rather listen to others than talk himself.Rather than和sooner than同义，都是“宁可”，“与其…(不如)”，“不是…(而是)”的意思。当它们放在句首时，其后跟不带to的不定式;在其它位置时其后的不定式可带也可不带to:

Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a waitress.He decided to write rather than telephone.他决定写信，不打电话。

The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.经理相信重要的是投资买新机器，而不是增加工资。

4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。

在Why 起首的疑问句中跟不带to的不定式：

Why not come with us? 为什么不跟我们一起来呢? =Why don’ t you come with us?

5、不定式作宾语而后面还有宾语补语时，常用it来代替不定式短语，而把真正作宾语的不定式短语放在补足语后面。常见的动词有：consider认为，feel觉得，find发现，make使，think认为，等等。例如：I think it best to go.我想最好走。

Do you consider it right to send our doctors over?

注意：hope希望，demand要求，suggest建议，这三个词不能跟不定式作宾补。

I hope that you’ll be happy.我希望你快乐。

I suggest that you take him seriously.我建议你要把他当回事。

I advise you not to take him seriously.我建议你不要把他当回事。

We demanded that they give us a definite answer.我们要求他们给个确切的答

(三)作定语。不定式短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰的词之后，有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语。常见的有：ability能力，agreement一致，协议，ambition抱负、野心，anxiety焦急，attempt试图，campaign战役，chance机会，claim声称，courage勇气，decision决定，determination决心，drive努力，eagerness殷切的心情，effort努力，failure失败，hope希望，intention目的意图，motive force动力，movement运动、协议，need需要，opportunity机会，plan计划，promise诺言，readiness乐意，refusal拒绝，reluctance勉强不愿，resolution决心，tendency倾向，right权力，struggle斗争，threat威胁，time时候，way方法，willingness愿意，wish希望。

与这些词相对应的形容词或动词常接动词不定式。如ability →be able to, refusal →refuse to 等。

作定语时不定式表示将要发生的动作。

There is not any one to save him.没有任何能救他的人。

He’s a not a man to tell lies.他不是那种撒谎的人。

(四)作表语。放在系动词之后。

To gamble is to commit suicide, but not to get rich.赌博就是自杀，而不是致富。To criticize others is to make enemies.批评别人就是树敌。

To do everything is to do nothing.什么都做等于什么也做不成。

(五)不定式短语和疑问词连用(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how,还包括

whether)

(1)做主语。

例如：

Who to turn to is what she wants to know.找谁帮忙是她想知道的。

It’s problem what to do.干什么还是个问题。

How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a question mark.(2)做表语。例如：

The question is which to take first.问题是先拿哪一个。

What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into practice and whose help to seek.剩下需要你解释的是怎样实施计划以及寻求谁的帮助。

The question is which of the methods to adopt.(3)作宾语，常用这一结构作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide discuss, explain, forget, find out, guess, inquire, know, learn, remember, see(=understand), show, settle(=decide), tell(=know), think, understand, wonder等。

I’ve found out where to buy them cheaply.我发现了在哪里买这些东西便宜。

Do you remember when to switch off the machine?

有些双宾语及物动词，也可用这个结构做直接宾语。常用的有tell, inform, show, advise, ask, teach,等。如：

I showed her how to use the remote control.我向她演示怎样使用遥控器。

The salesman told him which switch to turn on first.(4)做定语。例句:

I must find a pen with which to fill in this form(=to fill in this form with).(六)作状语。不定式短语作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。

(1)表示目的。如:

We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the players.为了强调，有时用in order to(为了)或so as to(以便)加动词原形，放在句首或句尾均可。例如;In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every day.有些不定式习惯用语放在句首或句尾，作独立成分。例如：

To be frank(with you), this is not satisfactory.老实(和你)说，这不令人满意。

To be fair, she is an honest girl.说句公道话，她是一个诚实的姑娘。

To tell you the truth, you are wrong..实话告诉你，你错了。

(2)表示原因。例如:

To hear him talk in that manner, you would think him a foreigner.不定式短语可以和表示情绪的形容词和过去分词连用，有时说明产生这种情绪的原因，有时不是说明原因，而是和形容词一起说明主语的情况。

常见的这类形容词和过去分词有：

able有能力的，afraid 害怕的，amazed 感到惊异的，angry生气的，anxious 急于的，astonished 感到惊讶的，careful小心的，certain有把握的，clever聪明的，comfortable舒服的，cruel残忍的，deep深的，delighted 高兴的，difficult有困难的，disappointed感到失望的，determined 有决心的，eager 急于的，easy容易的，fit 合适的，foolish 愚蠢的，fortunate 幸运的，free自由的，frightened感到害怕的，glad高兴的，good好的，happy幸福的，hard艰苦的，lucky 幸运的，overjoyed 高兴的，pleased高兴的，possible 可能的，proud 自豪的，ready 准备好的，relieved 感到轻松的，right正确的，sad悲伤的，shocked感到惊讶的，sorry难过的，sure 肯定的，surprised感到惊讶的，unable没能力的，useless没用的，willing 愿意的，worthy 值得的，wrong 错误的等。

He’ll be angry to hear these words.听到这些话他会生气的。

You’re lucky to have me as your teacher.有我当你们老师，你们很幸运。

He feels proud to be on the school football team.(3)不定式做结果状语只限于下面几个词：learn得知，find 发现，see 看见，hear 听见，to be told被告知，make 使得等。only+不定式常表示出乎意料的结果。例如:

He hurried to the airport to learn that the flight had already taken off.(4)不定式还可以与“be said, be reported,…”等连用构成复合谓语。这一结构可变成“It’s said, It’s reported,…”(见被动语态部分)。如：

It’s reported that an explosion has happened and it’s known that three have been killed.(七)不定式的时态。动词不定式一般有三种时态形式，即一般式、进行式和完成式。

(1)一般式(to+动词原形)：表示与主句谓语动词动作同时(或几乎同时)发生或在主句谓语动词之后发生的事情。例如：

We’re happy to have you on our side.有你在我们这边我们很高兴。

I saw him go out.(2)进行式(to be+现在分词)：表示主句谓语的动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行。例如：

She’s said /believed to be living nearby.(3)完成式(to have+过去分词)：表示在主句谓语的动作之前发生的事情。

如：I’m glad to have met your parents here.我很高兴在这儿见到了你父母。

动词不定式的完成式和下列动词的过去时连用，表示过去没有实现的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。注意一定是它们的过去时。另外还有should/would like/love。这个结构表示“本打算/想/计划…”的意思。例如：

The game were to have taken place in Room

He planned to have gone abroad last week.(八)不定式的被动语态。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种：

一般式：to be+过去分词

完成式：to have been+过去分词

You’re lucky to have been accepted.你很幸运已经被接受了。

These criminals are to be hanged.这些罪犯是将被绞死的。

(九)为了避免重复，不定式可省略，但to有时保留，有时不保留。例如：

You will make it if you try(to).如果你努力，你会成功的。

George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I don’t think he really wants to.George 说要离开上海，但是我不认为他真的愿意走。

后面常省略不定式而保留to的结构，还有：

used to常常 be going to 打算

mean to打算 ought to应该

plan to 计划 want to要想

(十)两个不定式由and, or, except, but, than 连接时，第二个可省略to，尤其是两个不定式紧密相连时。例如:

I intend to call on him and discuss this question again.We had nothing to do except(to)look at the posters outside the cinema.句子中but后面的不定式带不带to，取决于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有与do/did有关的词(do作谓语，to do作定语等等)，but后面的不定式就省掉to。例如：

I can do nothing but go there alone.除了独自一个到那里去，我别无选择。

1.用动词不定式结构完成下列句子：

1)Let’s _______(早回家).→ go home early

2)I am going _____(问问题).→ to ask some questions

3)I’ve been hoping ______(会见格林先生)ever since I left school → to see Mr.Green

4)It is difficult ______(照顾这么多小娃娃).→ to look after so many babies

5)He likes _____(在月光下散步).→to walk in the moonlight

6)She is afraid ____(独自去).→ to go alone

7)I pretended ______(睡着了).→ to be asleep

8)I should like _____(今晚去看那个话剧).→to go to watch that drama tonight

9)Be careful ____(别着凉).→not to catch cold

10)Mr.Green seemed ____(越来越不喜欢他).→to dislike him more and more

11)It is too heavy _____(你搬不动).→for you to carry

12)You have to work hard ____(考试及格).→to pass the examination

13)Tom intends ____(找个新工作).→to look for a new job

14)What do you want ____(吃)? →to eat

15)I hate _____(这么早离开),but I am afraid ____(我不得不这么早离开).→to leave so early;I have to

16)The enemy soldiers refused ____(再战斗下去).→ To fight anymore

17)He decided _____(成为物理学家).→to become a physicist

18)The woman came out ____(看看在发生什么事).→to see what was happening

19)I mean _____(完成这个任务), one way or another.→to accomplish the task

20)He was planning _____(和她一起去).→to go with her

21)He seems _____(过去是个猎手).→to have been a hunter

22)I happened _____(看过这本书).→to have read the book

23)I happened ____(正挨着他站着)when he was shot.→to be standing next to him

24)The enemy is believed ____(已被击败).→to have been defeated

25)The teacher wanted the composition ______(当堂做完).→to be finished in class

7.非谓语动词下篇用法归纳篇七

学生：老师，你看这道题目：It was too late ， any buses.

A.for there to be B.there to be

C.there being D.for there being

我不懂为何答案选A呢？请您给我讲讲吧！

老师：这道题目实际上考查的是There be句型的非谓语动词形式。在英语语法中，There be结构也可以以不定式（there to be）、动名词（there being）和现在分詞（there being）的形式出现在句子中，作主语、宾语或状语。这种非谓语动词形式中的there在形式上其实起着逻辑主语的作用。

学生：怎么there变成主语啦？

老师：不是变成主语，只是形式上起了逻辑主语的作用。你看这两句很简单的反意疑问句：

He is a student， isn’t he？

There is a student， isn’t there？

这样一对比，不难看出，我们实际可以把第二句中的there想象成逻辑主语。你看下面这一句：There used to be a big tree in front of the house，？

学生：填usedn’t there。

老师：对！这就类似于He used to be a doctor， usedn’t he？

学生：可那怎么解释这道题A选项中的for there to be呢？

老师：你已经明白there形式上的逻辑主语作用，因此，像本题中不定式there to be前可加介词for，从而从形式上满足引出不定式逻辑主语的需要，这就类似于“你到这里太晚了。”你说应该怎么翻译呢？

学生：It was too late for you to come here.

老师：那你比较一下这句话跟你刚刚问的题目，再想想我跟你讲的there形式上的逻辑主语作用，这不就是直接套用了句型：“It is + adj. + for sb to do sth”吗？

学生：我懂了。

老师：那我再出道题考考你。

I should prefer no discussion of my private affairs.

A.there to be B.there being

C.there is D.there are

学生：选A。

老师：对。直接套用句型：“prefer sb to do sth”，好，类似的题目你会了，那我再换一题。

There no rain for a long time， the ground was burned black by the sun.

A. to be B. being

C. having been D. has been

学生：应该选C吧。

老师：答案是对的。那你来解释一下吧！

学生：这是独立主格结构吧。这应该类似于“It being Sunday， we can go shopping.”在这句话里面be Sunday的主语不是主句主语we，所以赋予它逻辑主语it，而在此道题目中，there的作用就跟“It being Sunday”中的“It”所起的作用是一样的，因此此题其实直接考查了there be的现在分词形式，考虑到“for a long time”，所以应选C。

老师：嗯。很好。

学生：非谓语动词，除了动词不定式，分词，应该还有动名词形式，那么there be的动名词很显然应是there being，老师，能给个例句吗？

老师：那好，你看这道题：

No one would have dreamed of such a good place.

A.there is B.there to be

C.there being D.there was

很显然介词of后应用动名词，所以这题答案就明白了，应该选C。

学生：嗯，明白了。谢谢老师教我解题方法。

老师：不用谢，我出几道翻译题，你试着口译一下如何？但我要求你必须用上there be句型的非谓语动词形式，同时，你要说出there be句型在句中所担任的成分。Clear？

学生：Yes！

老师：“在这建筑物附近有个超市是个很大的优势。”

学生：这句中，我应该用there be作主语，“There being a shop near the building is a great advantage.” Am I right？

老师：Good！ “我们很担心那么多时间浪费了。”

学生：“We were very worried about there being so much time wasted.”此句中there be用作about后面的介词宾语。

老师：Very good. “太迟以至于没有任何公交车了。”

学生：“没有公交车”应是“太迟”的结果状语吧。“It’s too late for there to be any buses.”

老师：Excellent！看来，你是真掌握了。明天课上，我打算让你主讲这个知识点，其实我刚刚让你翻译的句子，就是there be的非谓语动词形式可担任的不同句子成分。你不妨就按着这个线索梳理。

学生：那我试着口头梳理一遍您听听。There be的非谓语动词形式的基本结构有两种，即there to be和there being。它的句法功能可以总结为三点：

1. 用作主语。如：It was too late for there to be any buses.以及There being a shop near the building is a great advantage.

2. 用作宾语。如介词的宾语No one would have dreamed of there being such a good place.还有刚刚老师给我翻译这句We were very worried about there being so much time wasted.此外，还可以用作动词的宾语，比如I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.和We students don’t want there to be another exam.

3. 用作状语。比如：There being no rain for a long time， the ground was burned black by the sun.還有这句：It’s too late for there to be any buses.就这些吧？

老师：总结得还不错！我补充两点，你记录一下。

首先，就是作介词宾语时，若介词是for，此时后面只能是there to be形式，其它介词后面则是there being。我给你几组例句：

Brian was waiting for there to be complete silence. 布莱恩等候着完全安静下来。

What’s the chance of there being an election this year？今年举行选举的可能性有多大？

Bill was relying on there being another opportunity. 比尔正指望再有一次机会。

第二，用作状语时，主要是there being形式用于独立主格结构中。再举两个例子：1. There being nothing else to do， we went home. 既然没有别的事儿，我们就回家了。2. There being nobody else at hand， I had to do it by myself. 由于附近没有旁人，我只得独自干了。

学生：嗯，都写下了。我回去再整理一下，争取圆满完成任务！

老师：As long as you put your heart into it， you will make it. Just as the saying goes， where there’s a will， there’s a way.

用there being/ there to be选择填空：

1. no further business，the Chairman closed the meeting.

没有其它会议议程，大会主席结束了会议。

2.It was unusual for so few people in the street.

大街上人这么少，这不大正常。

3.I expect no argument about this.

我希望对此没有什么争论。

4. Jim asked for give-and-take on both sides.

杰姆要求双边互让。

5. no railway in the town is a great disadvantage.