考研英语备考的建议

考研英语备考的建议（通用8篇）

1.考研英语备考的建议 篇一

2015考研复习英语暑期备考建议

1.保证每天都记上一定数量的单词。

记忆方法可以灵活多样，词缀法，联想法等，只要有利于记忆的都可以用。但务必要确保每个单词有意识复习三遍以上。然后通过做往年试题来随机复习，查漏补缺。词汇复习尽量利用自己的零散时间，要降低一次背诵的期望值，重复是解决遗忘的最好办法。另外单独背单词和背诵经典文章可以相结合，在语境中进一步体会单词含义，也为下一步提高阅读速度和写好文章打下基础。

词汇复习尽量利用好自己的零散时间。大家可以到相关网站下载一个电子版的词汇大纲，删掉自己熟悉的.词汇、短语，然后打印剩下的内容，做成单词卡片(A4的纸裁成4张，每张14个单词)带在身上，随时随地进行复习，几分钟就能复习一张单词卡。

2.通过单词练习阅读。

可以直接上真题，也可以适当的做一些模拟题，虽然模拟题的难度，灵活度都不可能与真题相比，但拿来测测单词练手还是可以的，同时也可以看看长句，训练自己的语法功底。

3.建议现在开始可以练习写作了。

特别重视写作，这个是英语公认最好提分的部分。刚开始练习强度不必过大，可5天左右练习一篇。

初始练习时，可只练习写提纲，即想出一个写作思路列出，然后对照范文想想范文的思路好还是自己的思路好，这样可训练自己的写作思维及考场写作灵敏度，以后咱上考场就能思如泉涌，妙笔生花了。

之后可待写作思路非常清晰时，可以写一些全文，包括大作文及小作文。写作训练过程中，仍要严格把握时间。这对于日后在考场上安排好时间，正常发挥很有必要。建议练习用1小时，小作文15-20分钟，大作文40-45分钟。

2.考研英语备考的建议 篇二

高考英语阅读理解属于语言运用方面的内容, 侧重考查考生对语篇的整体理解能力和基本的阅读技能, 同时还考查考生的快速阅读能力、跨文化交际意识和阅读策略等。在阅读理解试题中, 具体考查考生理解主旨和要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断生词的词义、做出判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构以及理解作者的意图、观点和态度的六种基本能力。

一、理解主旨和要义

【考纲解读】

任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落, 甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义, 从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么 ( 即文章的主题) , 亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时, 文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力, 它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。

【命题分析】

理解主旨和要义考查考生的深层理解能力, 需要考生立足整体, 宏观把握全文的意思, 理解文章的中心思想, 高度概括文章的主旨要义。

在试题中, 我们将考查这种阅读能力的题型称为“主旨要义题”。根据统计和测试结果可知, 该题型考查频率较高, 但所占比例不大, 属于难度较大的题型。

概括文章的标题、归纳段落大意、确定段落主题句或小标题等, 均考查考生理解文章的主旨和要义的能力。

命题形式通常有:

1. What / Which can / could be the best titlefor the text / passage?

2. What does the author intend / want to tellus in the passage?

3. What is the text / passage mainly about?

4. What is the main idea of the passage /paragraph?

【试题选析】

Last summer, two 19th-century cottages wererescued from remote farm fields in Montana, to bemoved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco.The houses were made of wood. These cottagesonce housed early settlers as they worked the dryMontana soil; now they hold Twitter engineers.

The cottages could be an example of theindustry's odd love affair with“low technology”, a concept associated with the natural world, andwith old-school craftsmanship ( 手艺) that existslong before the Internet era. Low technology is notvirtual ( 虚拟的) —so, to take advantage of it, Internet companies have had to get creative. Therescued wood cottages, fitted by hand in the late1800's, are an obvious example, but Twitter's designs lie on the extreme end. Other companies are using a broader interpretation ( 阐释) of low technology that focuses on nature.

Amazon is building three glass spheres filledwith trees, so that employees can“work and socialize in a more natural, park-like setting”. AtGoogle's office, an entire floor is carpeted inglass. Facebook's second Menlo Park campus willhave a rooftop park with a walking trail.

Olle Lundberg, the founder of Lundberg Design, has worked with many tech companies overthe years. “We have lost the connection to themaker in our lives, and our tech engineers are theones who feel most impoverished ( 贫乏的) , because they're surrounded by the digital world, ”hesays. “They're looking for a way to regain theirindividual identity, and we've found that introducing real crafts is one way to do that. ”

This craft-based theory is rooted in history.William Morris, the English artist and writer, turned back to pre-industrial arts in the 1860's, just after the Industrial Revolution. The Arts andCrafts movement defined itself against machines.“Without creative human occupation, people became disconnected from life, ”Morris said.

Research has shown that natural environments can restore ( 恢复) our mental capacities.In Japan, patients are encouraged to“forestbathe”, taking walks through woods to lower theirblood pressure.

These health benefits apply to the workplaceas well. Rachel Kaplan, a professor of environmental psychology, has spent years researchingthe restorative effects of natural environment. Herresearch found that workers with access to natureat the office — even simple views of trees andflowers — felt their jobs were less stressful andmore satisfying. If low-tech offices can potentiallynourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then, fine, bring on the cottages. ( 选自2014年浙江卷阅读理解C篇)

1. The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that human beings . ( 第 52 题)

A. have destroyed many pre-industrial arts

B. have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts

C. can become intelligent by learning history

D. can regain their individual identity byusing machines

2. What might be the best title for thepassage? ( 第 54 题)

A. Past Glories, Future Dreams

B. The Virtual World, the Real Challenge

C. High-tech Companies, Low-tech Offices

D. The More Craftsmanship, theLess Creativity

本篇命制的4个题目中有两个考查理解主旨和要义的能力, 一个考查段落大意, 另一个考查文章标题。

1. B。通读第五段可知, 这种以手工艺为基础的理论根植于历史中。英国艺术家、作家威廉·莫里斯就在工业革命之后重新回到19世纪60年代前工业革命时期的艺术。手工艺运动本身是反对机器产品的。莫里斯说: “没有具有创造力的人类职业, 人们就脱离了生活。”由此可以推断, 该段主要说明人们对美术和工艺高度珍惜, 这种传统深深地根植于人类历史之中。

2. C。通读全文可知, 本文首先讲述两个19世纪的低科技小木屋被高科技网络公司看中, 接着又讲述人们对低科技东西的看法。低科技有自己的优势: 低碳、环保、接近自然。越是高科技公司, 其办公室越是原始和自然。因此, 用“高科技公司, 低科技办公室”作标题最合适。

【备考建议】

主旨和要义题要求考生深入理解全文, 分析文章结构, 找出各段的主题句, 归纳概括出文章的主旨要义。做题时, 考生一定不要在文章的细枝末节、某段或某句话上细抠, 不能断章取义、以偏概全, 要总体把握全文的中心思想。正确选项通常不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词, 错误选项往往是对细节或文中某段的概括, 常含有表示绝对意义的词。

二、理解文中具体信息

【考纲解读】

文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持, 这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要, 同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人员往往会要求考生根据不同的要求, 阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比较直接, 理解字面意思即可答题; 有时则较为间接, 需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。

【命题分析】

理解文中具体信息侧重考查考生的表层理解能力, 需要考生耐心、细致地阅读文章, 捕捉关键词、句乃至段落中的特定信息。理解这些表面信息, 往往就能正确答题。有时, 需要考生对某些词、句或段落中的信息稍加推理才能答题。

在试题中, 我们将考查这种阅读能力的题型称为“事实细节题”。根据统计和测试结果可知, 该题型考查频率很高, 所占比例较大, 往往占阅读试题总量的三分之一以上, 大部分题目难度中等, 但有一些事实细节题的难度较大, 考生不可仅从字面信息答题。

判断事情发生的时间、地点以及过程中的某个细节, 补充某些事实细节信息等, 均考查考生理解文章的事实细节的能力。

命题形式多种多样, 往往以问题式或叙述式呈现。

【试题选析】

The Cambridge Science FestivalCuriosity Challenge

Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!

The Cambridge Science Festival ( CSF ) ispleased to inform you of the sixth annual CuriosityChallenge. The challenge invites, even daresschool students between the ages of 5 and 14 tocreate artwork or a piece of writing that showstheir curiosity and how it inspires them to exploretheir world.

Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem thatshows what they are curious about. To enter thechallenge, all artwork or pieces of writing shouldbe sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MITMuseum, 265 Mass Avenue, Cambridge 02139 byFriday, February 8th.

Students who enter the Curiosity Challengeand are selected as winners will be honored at aspecial ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizesto the students. Winning entries will be publishedin a book. Student entries will be exhibited andprizes will be given. Families of those who takepart will be included in the celebration andbrunch will be served.

Between March 10th and March 15th, eachwinner will be given the specifics of the closingceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at: http: / / cambridgesciencefestival. org. ( 选自2014年新课标卷阅读理解A篇)

1. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge? ( 第 21 题)

A. School students.

B. Cambridge locals.

C. CSF winners.

D. MIT artists.

2. When will the prize-giving ceremony beheld? ( 第 22 题)

A. On February 8th.

B. On March 10th.

C. On March 15th.

D. On April 21st.

本篇命制的3个题目中有两个考查理解事实细节的能力, 一个考查参加活动的对象, 另一个考查事件发生的时间。

1. A。根据第 一段中的“The challengeinvites, even dares school students between theages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece ofwriting that shows their curiosity”可知该题选A。该句中的“school students”和“curiosity”是关键信息, 找准该信息就等于找到了问题的答案。

2. D。根据第三段中的“Students who enterthe Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony duringthe CSF on Sunday, April 21st. ”可知该题选D。该句中的时间即为关键信息, 看清题目中的“the prize-giving ceremony”和该句中的关键词“winners”即可。

【备考建议】

事实细节题往往要求考生根据不同的题干要求, 阅读文章以获得某些特定信息或准确寻找所需细节。对于考查字面意思的细节题目, 抓住文中的关键信息即可。对于较为隐蔽的细节信息, 需要稍做归纳、概括和推理才能答题。答题时, 考生要考虑三个因素才能保证不丢分:文本中如何叙述事实细节、题干是如何提问的、四个选项的区别何在。

三、根据上下文推断生词的词义

【考纲解读】

正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步, 也是理解文章的基础, 不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思, 其含义随不 同的语境 会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义, 才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。此外, 阅读文章时, 常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词, 但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力, 是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力, 因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。

【命题分析】

根据上下文推断生词的词义考查考生的深层理解能力, 需要考生充分理解上下文意思, 找准与画线生词相关的信息。如果考查词语的指代能力, 需要从画线单词 ( 往往是代词或名词) 前的信息中寻找线索。

在试题中, 我们将考查这种阅读能力的题型称为“猜测词义题”。根据统计和测试结果可知, 该题型考查频率较高, 但所占比例不大, 一套题中往往有1 ~ 2道试题, 属于难度较大的题型。

猜测生词的词义、猜测代词或名词的指代等, 均考查考生根据上下文推断生词词义的能力。

命题形式通常有:

1. The underlined word / part“…”in Paragraphprobably means“＿”.

2. The underlined word / part“…”in Paragraphrefers to“_”.

【试题选析】

A

Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeonsmay have been their undoing. Where the birdswere most abundant, people believed there was anever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them tosmall clearings with grain, waited until pigeonshad settled to feed, then threw large nets overthem, taking hundreds at a time. The birds wereshipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.

By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need forwood, which scattered ( 驱散 ) the flocks andforced the birds to go farther north, where coldtemperatures and spring storms contributed to theirdecline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never tobe seen again.

In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a lawprohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, butby then, no sizable flocks had been seen in thestate for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeonin the United States was shot by a boy in PikeCounty, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birdssurvived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914. ( 选自2014年新课标卷阅读理解B篇部分内容)

The underlined word “undoing”probably refers to the pigeons' . ( 第 25 题)

A. escape

B. ruin

C. liberation

D. evolution

解析: B。考查根据上下文推断生词词义的能力。根据本段中Commercial hunters捕捉旅鸽的方法以及后文提到的旅鸽数目减少直至灭绝可知, 旅鸽遭到了毁灭性的灾难。由此可以猜测出undoing的意思是“毁灭”。因此, 该题选B。

B

In an effort to prevent language loss, scholarsfrom a number of organizations — UNESCO andNational Geographic among them — have formany years been documenting dying languagesand the cultures they reflect.

Mark Turin, a scientist at the MacmillanCenter, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, isfollowing in that tradition. His recently publishedbook, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal. ( 选自2014年新课标卷阅读理解D篇部分内容)

What does “that tradition ” in Paragraph 3refer to? ( 第 33 题)

A. Having full records of the languages.

B. Writing books on language teaching.

C. Telling stories about language users.

D. Living with the native speakers.

解析: A。考查根据上下文推断词语指代的能力。根据第二段 中的“have for manyyears been documenting dying languages and thecultures they reflect. ”以及第三段中的“MarkTurin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, YaleUniversity, who specializes in the languages andoral traditions of the Himalayas”可知, MarkTurin作为一名专门研究语言的科学家, 多年来一直在努力记录濒危语言及其反映的文化。另外, 从他出版的著作“A Grammar of Thangmiwith an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture”可知, 他为记录完整的濒危语言做出了巨大的贡献。由此可以猜测thattradition指代“记录完整的濒危语言”。

【备考建议】

猜测生词词义的前提是依据该词所处句子的语境, 搞清楚上下 文之间的逻辑 关系。答题时, 可以利用上 下文语境, 通过对应 结构、平行结构、定语从句或同位语从句等进行推断, 可以根据转折、递进、因果、选择等关联词进行推断, 也可以利用 构词法进行推 断。有时, 命题人为了提高试题的难度, 将生词置于一个比较复杂的语句中考查, 因此考生要具备分析长、难句的能力。此外, 考生还需要关注就指代关系设置的题目, 这类题目通常就it, this, that, they, them等代词或用名词进行设问。答题时, 考生需要根据上下文语境, 分析语义转换的背景, 判断代词或名词指代的对象。

四、做出简单判断和推理

【考纲解读】

阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息, 即作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中, 有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索, 进行逻辑推理, 推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。

【命题分析】

做出简单判断和推理考查考生的深层理解能力, 重点考查考生透过词语的字面意义理解作者言外之意的能力。需要考生在理解原文表面信息的基础上, 根据文章所提供的事实和线索, 进行合理的逻辑推理, 并做出一定的判断和推论。

在试题中, 我们将考查这种阅读能力的题型称为“推理判断题”。根据统计和测试结果可知, 该题型考查频率很高, 所占比例较大, 往往占阅读试题总量的一半以上, 大部分题目难度稍大, 在文中往往不能直接找到答案。

推断事件发生的原因和结果、分析作者未在文中言明的信息、判断文章的出处等, 均考查考生做出简单判断和推理的能力。

命题形式通常有:

1. What can we infer about …from the passage?

2. What can be concluded from the text?

3. What will probably happen next?

4. Where does this text probably come from?

5. Where can you most probably read thispassage?

【试题选析】

One morning, Ann's neighbor Tracy found alost dog wandering around the local elementaryschool. She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog. Ann said that she could watch it onlyfor the day.

Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off400 FOUND fliers ( 传单) , and put them in mailboxes. Meanwhile, Ann went to the dollar storeand bought some pet supplies, warning her twosons not to fall in love with the dog. At the time, Ann's son Thomas was 10 years old, and Jack, who was recovering from a heart operation, was 21years old.

Four days later Ann was still looking after thedog, whom they had started to call Riley. Whenshe arrived home from work, the dog threw itselfagainst the screen door and barked madly at her.As soon as she opened the door, Riley dashed into the boys' room where Ann found Jack sufferingfrom a heart attack. Riley ran over to Jack, but assoon as Ann bent over to help him the dog wentsilent.

“If it hadn't come to get me, the doctor saidJack would have died, ”Ann reported to a localnewspaper. At this point, no one had called toclaim the dog, so Ann decided to keep it.

The next morning Tracy got a call. A mannamed Peter recognized his lost dog and called thenumber on the flier. Tracy started crying, andtold him, “That dog saved my friend's son. ”

Peter drove to Ann's house to pick up hisdog, and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window. After a few moments Peter said, “MaybeOdie was supposed to find you, maybe you shouldkeep it. ” ( 选自2014年山东卷阅读理解A篇)

1. How did the dog help save Jack? ( 第 42题)

A. By breaking the door for Ann.

B. By leading Ann to Jack's room.

C. By dragging Jack out of the room.

D. By attending Jack when Ann was out.

2. What was Ann's attitude to the dog according to Paragraph 4? ( 第 43 题)

A. Sympathetic.

B. Doubtful.

C. Tolerant.

D. Grateful.

3. For what purpose did Peter call Tracy? ( 第 44 题)

A. To help her friend's son.

B. To interview Tracy.

C. To take back his dog.

D. To return the flier to her.

4. What can we infer about the dog from thelast paragraph? ( 第 45 题)

A. It would be given to Odie.

B. It would be kept by Ann's family.

C. It would be returned to Peter.

D. It would be taken away by Tracy.

本篇命制的5个题目中有4个考查推理判断能力。

1. B。根据第 三段中的“As soon as sheopened the door, Riley dashed into the boys' roomwhere Ann found Jack suffering from a heart attack. Riley ran over to Jack, but as soon as Annbent over to help him the dog went silent. ”可知, 当Ann一打开门, 狗就冲进男孩子们的卧室, Ann发现Jack心脏病发作。狗朝Jack跑过去, 可是Ann一俯身帮助Jack, 它便默不作声了。由此可以推断, 是狗把Ann引到了Jack的房间, 以这种方式帮忙救人。

2. D。根据第四段中Ann说的话可知, 是狗过来把她引到Jack的房间, Jack才得到及时救助。是狗救了Jack的生命! 由此可以推断出, Ann对这只狗很“感激”。

3. C。根据第五段中的“The next morningTracy got a call. A man named Peter recognizedhis lost dog and called the number on the flier. ”和最后一段中的“Peter drove to Ann's house to pick up his dog”可以推断出, Peter给Tracy打电话的目的是想把他丢失的狗带回去。

4. B。根据最后一段中的“Maybe Odie wassupposed to find you, maybe you should keepit. ”可以推断出, 既然狗与Ann一家人有了感情, Peter便决定将自己的狗留给他们喂养。

【备考建议】

推理判断题要求考生以文字信息为依据, 既不能做出脱离原文的推理, 也不能只根据只言片语做出多步推理。尤其是深层次推理判断题, 不仅要结合原文字面意义, 更要看重字里行间的意义, 而不是读者主观认为合理的或文章已经提供的明显事实。

五、理解文章的基本结构

【考纲解读】

英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章开头, 简要概括文章的中心思想;主题句可能在一段的开头, 也可能在中间或末尾, 作用是交代该段的中心思想, 再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接, 以使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章, 必须对文章的结构有所了解, 把握住全篇的文脉, 即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。

【命题分析】

理解文章的基本结构考查考生的深层理解能力, 需要考生立足语篇整体, 从宏观上把握全文的脉络, 了解文章的基本结构, 弄清各段的主题句, 把握文章的中心思想, 甚至还要清楚作者的写作手法。

在试题中, 我们将考查这种阅读能力的题型称为“文章结构题”。根据统计和测试结果可知, 该题型考查频率较低, 所占比例很小, 属于难度较大的题型。但是, “七选五”任务型阅读理解大都隐含考查考生理解文章基本结构的能力。

判断全文或某一段落的写作手法 ( 或写作顺序) 、将所给事件排序、选择文章结构图等, 均考查考生理解文章的基本结构的能力。

命题形式通常有:

1. This text is mainly developed _.

2. How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?

3. Which is the correct structure of the passage?

4. What is the right order of the events?

【试题选析】

A

I was never very neat, while my roommateKate was extremely organized. Each of her objectshad its place, but mine always hid somewhere.She even labeled ( 贴标签) everything. I alwayslooked for everything. Over time, Kate got neaterand I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidydesk. We both got tired of each other. ( 选自2014年重庆卷阅读理解A篇部分内容)

How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed? ( 第38 题)

A. By analyzing causes.

B. By showing differences

C. By describing a process.

D. By following time order.

解析: B。考查理解段落基本结构的能力, 侧重对写作手法的考查。通读本段可知, 本段讲述作者不爱整洁, 乱放东西, 而室友Kate却把事事安排得井井有条 ( organized) , 甚至把一切都贴上标签。由此可以推断, 本段比较作者和Kate的不同之处。

B

Why do Americans struggle with watchingtheir weight, while the French, who consume richfood, continue to stay thin? Now a research byCornell University suggests how lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchersconclude that the French tend to stop eating whenthey feel full. However, Americans tend to stopwhen their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.

According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a healthexpert, the French see eating as an important partof their lifestyle. They enjoy food and thereforespend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believesAmericans lose the ability to sense when they areactually full. So they keep eating long after theFrench would have stopped. In addition, hepoints out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week.The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walkingto small shops and farmers' markets where theyhave a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggsas well as high-quality meats for each meal.

After a visit to the United States, MireilleGuiliano, author of French Women Don't Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowingwhen to stop rather than suggesting how to avoidfood. Today she continues to stay slim and rarelygoes to the gym.

In spite of all these differences, evidenceshows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate ofobesity—or extreme overweight—among adultsis only 6% . However, as American fast foodgains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children hasreached 17% —and is growing. ( 选自2014年陕西卷阅读理解C篇)

The text is mainly developed _. ( 第55 题)

A. by contrast

B. by space

C. by process

D. by classification

解析: A。考查理解 全文基本 结构的能力, 侧重对写作手法的考查。通读全文可知, 本文主要讲述美国人和法国人的不同饮食方式和习惯, 从而得出生活方式和体重之间关系的结论。文章的每个段落都采用了对比的方式进行描述, 这是本文结构的鲜明特征。

【备考建议】

理解文章的基本结构, 要求考生快速通读全文或特定的段落, 把握作者的写作手法。同时, 还要找准主题段或主题句, 弄清事情发展的先后顺序、事件的前因后果、文章的论点和论据等。答题时, 考生必须有整体意识, 清楚文章的框架结构。

六、理解作者的意图、观点和态度

【考纲解读】

每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的, 或是向读者传递某个信息, 或是愉悦读者, 或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来, 而是隐含在文章之中。因此, 这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上, 去领会作者的言外之意。

【命题分析】

理解作者的意图、观点和态度考查考生的深层理解能力, 需要考生在充分理解文章意思的前提下, 弄清作者撰写本文的意图或目的、想要表达或表明的观点以及对事情的看法或对某事所持的态度。

在试题中, 我们将考查这种阅读能力的题型称为“作者意图题”、“作者观点题”和“作者态度题”, 可以将此理解为三种形式。根据统计和测试结果可知, 该题型考查频率较高, 但所占比例较低, 属于难度很大的题型。在一套试题中往往考查其中的一项, 或理解作者的意图, 或观点, 或态度, 同时考查三者的几率很小。

理解文章的写作目的、理解作者对某事所持的观点、理解作者对某事的态度等, 均考查考生理解作者的意图、观点和态度的能力。

命题形式通常有:

1. What is the purpose of the passage?

2. Why does the author write the passage /text?

3. What does the author think of…?

4. What is the author's opinion about…?

5. What is the author's attitude to /towards…?

【试题选析】

There have always been a lot of commonlybelieved but false ideas about being fat and doingexercise. Some people believe that they can't helpputting on weight as they get older, while othershold that if they stop exercising, their muscleswill turn into fat. Here are some more myths:

I'll never lose weight — I come from a fatfamily.

Wrong! While we can't change the body typewe are born with, we can't blame our genes formaking us fat. There's plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families, and the main reason is thatthey share the same habits of eating too much andexercising too little.

I am fat because I burn calories slowly.

Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism ( 新陈代谢) . In fact, although fat people consume more energy than slim people, theyalso fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping adiary can help you work out your daily food intakemore accurately.

Exercise is boring.

Wrong! Anything will become boring if youdo it repetitively. The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that's fun as well asprogressive. If you enjoy a Sunday walk, take adifferent route. If you do yoga, try a tai chi class.If you like swimming, set yourself a distance ortime challenge.

No pain, no gain.

Wrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt. Indeed, pain is your body telling you something'swrong, and continuing to exercise could lead toserious injury. You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this isyour body adapting to the positive changes in yourlifestyle and the aches should disappear relativelyquickly. If they don't, rest and seek medical advice. ( 选自2014年重庆卷阅读理解B篇)

1. What does the author think about beingfat? ( 第 40 题)

A. It is the family genes that make people fat.

B. People are fat because they consume toolittle energy.

C. A diary of exercise can prevent peoplefrom becoming fat.

D. It is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle.

2. What is the author's opinion about “Nopain, no gain”in exercising? ( 第 42 题)

A. Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.

B. Exercise should be stopped if continuouspain is felt.

C. Pain in exercise is a precondition forreaching your goal.

D. Getting used to pain leads to positivechanges in your body.

3. What is the purpose of the passage? ( 第43 题)

A. To declare the importance of keeping fit.

B. To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.

C. To confirm what has long been believedabout keeping fit.

D. To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.

本篇命制的4个题目中有3个考查理解作者的观点和意图的能力。

1. D。考查理解作者观点的能力。根据第一个小标题下的“There's plenty of evidence thatfatness runs in families, and the main reason isthat they share the same habits of eating too muchand exercising too little. ”可知, 全家人都肥胖的主要原因是他们有共同的生活习惯, 即吃得太多、锻炼太少。由此可以推断出, 作者认为肥胖是人们不均衡的生活方式造成的后果。

2. B。考查理解作者观点的能力。根据最后一个小标题下的“continuing to exercise couldlead to serious injury”和“the aches should disappear relatively quickly. If they don't, rest andseek medical advice. ”可知, 如果你的身体疼痛, 继续运动会导致严重的损伤。当你开始运动时, 可能会略感不适, 但身体适应了, 疼痛就会消失得相对很快。如果疼痛不能消失, 就要终止运动并求医。由此可以推断, 作者认为“Nopain, no gain”的观点在运动中是不对的, 作者的观点是“如果感到疼痛不断, 就要停止运动”。

3. B。考查理解作者意图的能力。通读全文可知, 本文讲述关于肥胖和运动的某些观点被广泛认同, 但实际上它们是不正确的, 如“我永远不会减肥, 因为我来自肥胖家庭”、“我肥胖, 因为我燃烧卡路里慢”、“运动是无聊的”、“不劳则无获”等。由此可以推断, 作者撰写本文的目的是想澄清几个对肥胖和运动的错误认识。

【备考建议】

考生要在理解文章内容的基础上领会作者的言外之意, 在文中细心寻找作者对于某一问题描述时所用的一些带有感情色彩的形容词、副词等, 找准了这些词语, 对于解答此类题目很有帮助。仔细辨别选项中出现的动词的词义同样很重要。答题时, 不要把自己的观点强加给作者, 要站在作者的角度审视文本和问题。

总之, 命题人在进行阅读理解试题的命题时, 会考虑各种体裁和题材的选择, 确定所要考查阅读能力的比例分配, 合理调配易、中、难题的比例。既要保证有一定量的容易题和中等题来考查考生的基本阅读技能, 又要有一定量的难题来考查考生的深层阅读理解能力。一般来说, 一篇阅读文章中往往考查两种以上的阅读技能, 在五篇阅读文章中尽量全面考查阅读理解的六种基本技能, 既要保证考查能力的覆盖面, 又要突出重点。一套试题的阅读理解中, 考查获取事实细节和推理判断的题目占很大比例, 考查猜测生词的词义或理解词语的指代关系、理解文章的主旨和要义的题目占一定比例, 考查理解文章的基本结构以及作者的意图、观点和态度的题目所占比例较小。只要考生明白了阅读理解的命题思路和考查的侧重点, 掌握了一定的答题技巧, 加上足量的阅读理解限时训练, 定能提高阅读理解的整体水平。 ( 注: 文中考纲解读部分引自教育部考试中心的考试说明。)

七、强化训练

A

It was Mother's Day morning last year and Iwas doing shopping at our local supermarket withmy five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderlywoman had fallen over at the entrance and had hither head on the concrete. Her husband was withher, but there was blood everywhere and thewoman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.

Walking towards the scene, Tenyson becamevery upset about what had happened to the couple. He said to me, “Mum, it's not much funfalling over in front of everyone. ”

At the front of the supermarket, a charity ( 慈善) group had set up a stand selling cookedsausages and flowers to raise funds. Tenysonsuggested that we should buy the lady a flower.“It will make her feel better, ”he said. I was amazed that he'd come up with this sweet idea. Sowe went over to the flower seller and asked her ifwe could buy a flower for the lady to cheer herup. “Just take it, ” she replied. “I can't takeyour money for such a wonderful gesture. ”

By now paramedics ( 救援人员) had arrived, and were attending to the injured woman. As wewalked up to her, my son became intimidated by allthe blood and medical equipment. He said he wasjust too scared to go up to her.

Instead I gave the flower to the woman's husband and told him, “ My son was very upset foryour wife and wanted to give her this flower tomake her feel better. ”

At that, the old man started crying and said, “Thank you so much, you have a wonderful son.Happy Mother's Day to you. ”

The man then bent down and gave his wifethe flower, telling her who it was from. Thoughbadly hurt and shaken, the old lady looked up atTenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a littlesmile.

1. What dose the author intend to tell us?

A. One can never be too careful.

B. Actions speak louder than words.

C. Love begins with a little smile.

D. A small act of kindness brings agreat joy.

2. Which of the following is TRUE accordingto the passage?

A. The elderly woman was knocked down byTenyson.

B. Tenyson's idea of buying a flower gainedhis mother's support.

C. Tenyson's care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller.

D. The elderly woman was moved to tears byTenyson's gesture.

3. The underlined word“intimidated”in thefourth paragraph probably means“_”.

A. astonished

B. struck

C. frightened

D. excited

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Flower Power

B. Mother's Day

C. An Accidental Injury

D. An Embarrassing Moment

B

Walt Disney is credited for creating suchwonderful things as Donald Duck and MickeyMouse. However, he cannot take the credit forcreating other well-loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disneyturned old fables ( 寓言) into cartoon movies.

The original Cinderella varies very much fromthe Disney version we know today. It started offwith the girl mourning her mother's death and going to her tomb three times a day. In addition, there were only birds that helped Cinderella;there was no such thing as a fairy godmother orhelpful mice, nor was there mention of a horseand carriage.

The stepsisters were cruel: they always threwCinderella's food into the ashes of the fire, andmade her sleep on the ashes on the floor, hence ( 因此) her name.

In the original story, the king's ball actuallylasted for three days. With the help of the birds, the girl, beautifully dressed, danced with theprince on all three nights and the prince fell inlove with her. However, she broke away from himto rush back home each night. On the last night, the prince placed something sticky on the stairs;as Cinderella made her escape, a shoe got stuckon it.

Here now is where the story becomes unpleasant: when the prince went to the house looking for the girl whose foot fit the shoe, the wicked ( 邪恶的 ) stepmother told one of her twodaughters to cut off her big toe to fit into the shoe.The daughter did as told. So the prince took heraway to be his bride. But when they passed thetomb of Cinderella's mother, the birds called outto the prince, “Turn and peep, there's bloodwithin the shoe; the shoe is too small, the truebride waits for you. ”

Realizing he had been tricked, the prince returned the daughter to her mother. The other thenhad to cut off part of her heel in order to fit intothe shoe, with the same result. Only Cinderella'sfoot fit perfectly and so the prince chose to marryher. The story ends with the wedding day: asCinderella's two stepsisters followed her, pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoythe king's riches, two birds flew by and plucked ( 啄) out their eyes. Because of their wickednessand falsehood, they had to spend the rest of theirdays blind.

The original Cinderella is so different fromthe Disney version. Thank goodness Disney madesuch changes; it indeed was a wise move.

5. What dose the underlined word“They”inthe first paragraph refer to?

A. Such wonderful things.

B. Other well-loved characters.

C. Old fables.

D. Cartoon movies.

6. How did Cinderella get her name?

A. The Birds came up with it.

B. It was given by Disney.

C. It came from the word “ash”.

D. She got it from her mother.

7. Which of the following is TRUE accordingto the original story?

A. Helpful mice got Cinderella a beautifuldress.

B. The ball was held to celebrate theprince's wedding.

C. Cinderella left her shoe on the stairs onpurpose.

D. The birds told the prince that he hadbeen cheated.

8. The moral of the original story is that _.

A. a wicked person cannot escape punishment.

B. a devoted person certainly deserves respect.

C. a well-behaved child earns a great reward.

D. a dishonest child cannot get mother love.

9. What does the author think of the Disneyversion?

A. Excellent.

B. Ordinary

C. Dull.

D. Ridiculous.

C

Perhaps you think you could easily add toyour happiness with more money. Strange as itmay seem, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not alack of means to meet your desires but a lack ofdesires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes butthat you don't have enough tastes.

Real riches consist of well-developed andhearty capacities ( 能力) to enjoy life. Most peopleare already swamped ( 淹没 ) with things. Theyeat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their houseof life is a hut.

Your house of life ought to be a mansion ( 豪宅) , a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds aroom. Here are several rooms your house of lifeshould have.

Art should be a desire for you to developsimply because the world is full of beautifulthings. If you only understood how to enjoy themand feed your spirit on them, they would makeyou as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggswhen you're hungry.

Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find manyan hour of rest and refreshment. To gain that lovewould go toward making you a rich person, for arich person is not someone who has a library butwho likes a library.

Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't beabsent. Real riches are of the spirit. And whenyou've brought that spirit up to where classicalmusic feeds it and makes you a little drunk, youhave increased your thrills and bettered them.And life is a matter of thrills.

Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, youwould be more human, and your house of lifewould be better supported against the bad days, ifyou could, and did, play a bit.

Whatever rooms you might add to your houseof life, the secret of enjoying life is to keepadding.

10. The author intends to tell us that _.

A. true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair means

B. big houses are people's most valued possessions

C. big houses can in a sense bring richness of life

D. true happiness comes from spiritual riches

11. The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that_ .

A. however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfied

B. however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor

C. though their house is big, they prefer a simple life

D. though their house is big, it seems to be a cage

12. It can be learned from the passage that _.

A. more money brings more happiness

B. art is needed to make your house beautiful

C. literature can enrich your spiritual life

D. sports contribute mainly to yourphysical fitness

13. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. House of Life

B. Secret of Wealth

C. Rest and Refreshment

D. Interest and Enthusiasm

D

As has been all too apparent in recent daysat Balcombe, few issues cause greater concernthan energy policy. Many village communities feeltheir countryside is being ruined by the powerproducing machines of wind farms; yet they nevertake“direct action”, even though the planninglaws put them at a severe disadvantage. And thegenerous subsidies ( 财政补贴 ) , whichencourage the expansion of wind power, are not favorable to the village communities and setlandowners in conflict with other residents ( 居民) .

Those who disagree with the rapid expansionof wind farms state that the damage they cause isout of proportion ( 比例 ) to the benefits theybring, because their energy output cannot matchthat of the carbon-based power stations they aresupposed to replace. Supporters insist that windmust be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear andcarbon, and that the country is committed tomeeting EU ( European Union ) targets for noncarbon energy generation.

Against this background, the fact that thereis an argument within the Government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition ( 联合) government are in disagreement over what itshould say.

We have some advice for the two parties:publish the report, and let the country be thejudge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farmsare harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surpriseto people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging theconcerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.

The suggestion that further negotiations are totake place to produce an“acceptable”report suggests that the politics of coalition government aredoing the country harm in a certain way. Giventhe sensitivities involved, all the informationshould be available so that people can reach theirown conclusions, rather than being left with thesuspicion ( 猜疑) that facts are being replaced bypolitical beliefs.

14. We can learn from the first paragraph that _.

A. energy policy catches much attention of the public

B. the residents are in favor of the expansion of wind farms

C. many village communities are satisfied with the subsidies

D. the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents

15. Supporters think that the expansion of wind power_ .

A. is more rapid than that of carbonbased power

B. guarantees an increase in energy output

C. is expected to be much better than that of nuclear power

D. agrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation

16. It can be inferred from the passage that _.

A. an official report will settle the energy problem

B. the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms

C. the two parties have agreed on a further negotiation

D. political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts

17. Which of the following reflects the author's opinion?

A. Increase political impact on energy policy.

B. Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.

C. Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.

D. Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.

参考答案:

A

1. D。推理题。在去年的母亲节这一天, 我们在购物的时候, 前面有一位老人摔倒了并流了很多血。儿子给她买了花, 结果对方很感激儿子善意的做法。也很开心有人能够关心她。作者想通过这件事情告诉我们: 有时候微不足道的善意行为会给自己和他人带来很多的快乐。故D正确。

2. B。推理题。根据文章第三段中的“‘Itwill make her feel better, ’he said. I was amazedthat he'd come up with this sweet idea. So wewent over to the flower seller and asked her if wecould buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up. ”可知, 儿子提出要买花给她, 我立刻表示同意并表扬儿子的想法。故B正确。

3. C。推理题。根据“As we walked up toher, my son became intimidated by all the bloodand medical equipment. He said he was just tooscared to go up to her. ”尤其是“He said he wasjust too scared to go up to her. ”可知, 对儿子来说, 那么多的血让他很害怕。故C正确。

4. A。主旨大意题。儿子给一个摔倒在地流了很多血的老人买了花, 对方很感激儿子善意的做法。鲜花让她很开心, 并感到有人在关心她。选项中只有A项“鲜花的力量”符合文章思想。故A正确。

【长难句解析】

1. As we were leaving, we found that onlyminutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen overat the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.

翻译: 当我们正要离开的时候, 我们发现就在几分钟之前, 一个老人在入口处摔倒了, 头碰到了混凝土上。

分析: 本句中的as引导的是一个时间状语从句, 句中使用过去进行时表示过去将来时。另外动词found后面有一个宾语从句, 因为宾语从句里发生的事情是在谓语动词之前, 所以使用过去完成时。

2. Though badly hurt and shaken, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.

翻译: 尽管受了重伤, 浑身发抖, 这位老人眼里含着爱意抬头看着Tenyson, 并给他一个微笑。

分析: 本句是一个状语从句的省略现象, 在though的后面省略了she was, 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 且含有be动词的时候, 可以把主语和be动词一起省略。

B

5. B。推理题。根据“However, he cannottake the credit for creating other well-loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. ”可知“They are almost automatically”中的they就是指前面一句中的other well-loved characters。故B正确。

6. C。推理题。根据文章第三段中的“Thestepsisters were cruel: they always threwCinderella's food into the ashes of the fire, andmade her sleep on the ashes on the floor, hence ( 因此) her name. ”可知正是因为她们把Cinderella的食物扔进了灰烬, 并让他在灰烬上睡觉, Cinderella才会得到这样的一个名字。故C正确。

7. D。细节题。根据“But when they passed the tomb of Cinderella's mother, the birdscalled out to the prince, ‘Turn and peep, there'sblood within the shoe; the shoe is too small, thetrue bride waits for you. ’”可知是小鸟告诉王子他被骗了。故D正确。

8. A。推理题。根据倒数第二段中的“twobirds flew by and plucked ( 啄) out their eyes.Because of their wickedness and falsehood, theyhad to spend the rest of their days blind. ”可知恶人有恶报。故A正确。

9. A。推理题。根据文章最后一段“Theoriginal Cinderella is so different from the Disneyversion. Thank goodness Disney made such changes; it indeed was a wise move. ”可知原版的《灰姑娘》和迪士尼版的不一样, 迪士尼版虽然比原版有了很多改变, 不过还不错。故A正确。

【长难句解析】

1. Realizing he had been tricked, the princereturned the daughter to her mother.

翻译: 意识到自己被欺骗了, 王子又把这个女儿还给了她的母亲。

分析: 本句中的现在分词短语Realizing hehad been tricked在句中充当状语, 因为动词realize与句子主语the prince构成主动关系, 所以使用现在分词在句中做状语。

2. The story ends with the wedding day: asCinderella's two stepsisters followed her, pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoythe king's riches, two birds flew by and plucked ( 啄) out their eyes.

翻译: 故事在婚礼那一天结束了: 当Cinderella的两个姐姐跟着她, 假装很爱她的目的在于他们可以获得国王的财富, 两只鸟儿飞过来, 啄瞎了他们的眼睛。

分析: 本句中的现在分词短语pretending tobe devoted to her在句中做伴随状语, so that引导的是一个目的状语从句。

C

10. D。推理题。 根据文章 中的“Artshould be a desire for you”、“Literature, classicliterature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room”、“Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't be absent. ”和“Sports, without which you remainpoor, mean a lot in life. ”可知真正幸福的人需要懂或者拥有: 艺术、文学、音乐和运动。故D正确。

11. B。推理题。根据“They live in too biga house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut. ”可知, 很多人住的是豪宅, 但是他内心里的生命的住所却是一个小棚屋。也就是说无论他物质上多么富有, 但是内心的精神世界是贫穷的。故B正确。

12. C。推理题。 根据文章 第五段中 的“Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find manyan hour of rest and refreshment. ”可知, 文学可以让我们的心灵变的富有。故C正确。

13. A。主旨大意题。现实生活里很多人物质上非常丰富, 住豪宅, 享美食。但是他们真正幸福吗? 他们的内心生活的房子又是如何呢? 作者在文章里告诉我们, 要想得到内心的幸福, 需要了解艺术, 文学, 音乐等不同的内容来丰富我们的内心世界。A项中House of Life涵盖了这些内容。故A正确。

【长难句解析】

Strange as it may seem, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires — not that you cannotsatisfy your tastes but that you don't have enoughtastes.

翻译: 尽管这听起来很奇怪, 但是如果你不满意, 问题不是缺少满足你的欲望的方法, 而是你根本就没有欲望, 不是你无法满足你的品位, 而是你根本就没有品位。

分析: 本句中的Strange as it may seem是一个形式倒装, 陈述语序是Though it may seemstrange; 另外, 后面主句 的表语是 由“not…but…”组成的并列结构。

D

14. A。推理题。根据文章第一句“As hasbeen all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. ”可知, 没有别的问题比energy policy更能引起人们的担心了, 也就是说energy policy引起了人们最大的担心。故A正确。

15. D。推理题。 根据文章 第二段中 的“Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mixof renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that thecountry is committed to meeting EU ( EuropeanUnion ) targets for non-carbon energy generation. ”可知, 支持者认为风电的扩张是符合欧盟无碳排放标准的。故D正确。

16. B。推理题。 根据文章 第二段中 的“Those who disagree with the rapidexpansion. ”和“Supporters insist that windmust be part of a mix of renewables”可知对于风电的扩张方面, 双方的观点是有分歧的。故B正确。

17. C。推理题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“We have some advice for the two parties:publish the report, and let the country be thejudge. ”可知, 作者提出把这个问题报道出来, 让全国人民对此进行讨论并作出决定。故C正确。

【长难句解析】

As has been all too apparent in recent daysat Balcombe, few issues cause greater concernthan energy policy.

翻译: 最近几天在鲍尔科姆, 没有别的问题比能源政策更引起人们的担心了。

分析: 本句中的few issues cause greaterconcern than energy policy使用了否定词few加比较级greater连用表示最高级的用法。

3.考研英语备考的建议 篇三

考试概况

由于复试成绩占总成绩的比例以及复试的时间、地点、科目和方式都由各招生院校的相关院系自行决定，所以政策的灵活性催生了多种多样的考试形式。这就在无形中加大了广大考生备考的难度，让大家觉得口语考试似乎“无章可寻”。下面我们来看两个例子：

（1）清华大学2005年考研复试口语考试，以考查考生实用英语表达能力为宗旨，具体分为两部分：

一是教师分别向考生提出几个问题，要求考生回答；

二是同考场两考生之间对话，考生提前抽取话题，有5分钟的准备时间。

考试内容为就某项话题发表自己的看法或完成某项模拟交际任务等。涉及的语言功能包括与他人辩论、说服对方、采访某人某事、表达自己的见解、道歉、提建议、抱怨等。

（2）华中科技大学2005年复试（听说统一测试）则从听力理解的准确性、发音的正确性、使用语言的准确性、流利程度以及得体性几个方面全面测试考生的语言能力，其考试分为三部分：

1、主考老师就考生的背景提问，考生做简要回答，约1分钟；

2、考生听一段约2～3分钟的录音后，就相关内容陈述个人观点，约2分钟；

3、主考老师就考生发言提问，双方进行交谈，约3分钟。

而有的院校并没有安排全校的统一考试，也就是说，校方把权利下放到各个院系，由招生专业根据该专业对英语的不同要求来决定考试的难度、形式等。所以笔者希望每一位参加复试的考生都务必在考前联系报考单位的招生办公室，或者向已考取2005届研究生的同学咨询复试的具体情况，做到“知己知彼”。复习参考的依据也必须是本人报考单位2005年的考试题。

考试技巧

其实，万变不离其宗，不管怎么变化，口语考试总有其基本的模式：自我介绍、观点陈述、自由对话或主题讨论等。当然个别学校还安排了图片描述、朗读文章、资料翻译、选题演讲等形式。这里笔者就备考提出几点建议。

自我介绍

自我介绍是考试的必备项目之一，时间一般是1分钟左右。其目的是让考官在最短的时间里对考生个人的基本情况和英语口语水平有一个初步的了解。另外，自我介绍还可以起到“准备活动”的作用，可以帮助学生尽快进入良好的应试状态。因为复试是考生与研究生院的各位老师，包括自己的导师的“第一次亲密接触”，第一印象非常重要，所以考生最好对自我介绍进行充分的准备，内容可以包括姓名、年龄、籍贯、毕业院校、所学专业、爱好、特长、家乡、读研后的打算等。注意：自我介绍的句子无需太长，句式多变、用词正确、发音标准即可，一定要让考官理解你的表达。此部分还可以请英语老师或者英语口语好的同学进行润色，考生一定要把润色后的自我介绍内容熟记于心，做到随时可以脱口而出。

下面是一个应届法学专业考生在2005年考试中做的自我介绍：

Good morning, nice to meet you here. It is a great honor for me to have an interview. My name is Bei Chen and I am 21 years old. I have an very unique family name. That is “Bei”, which means “north” in English, and it is a rather rare name in China. I am currently a senior student at Law School, Renmin University of China. Criminal Law is my major and I take a strong interest in it. During the past three and a half years at university, Even though I've read a large number of books about Criminal Law, I feel it is not enough. So if I can pass this exam, I want to make full use of my graduate study and achieve more.

面对千篇一律的介绍，考官总是希望听到有特色的内容，所以在上面的例子中，该考生将自己的姓名做了重点介绍，简单而清晰，也可以给考官留下深刻的印象。需要注意的是，大家要学会扬长避短，并且突出个人的特点。例如有些同学发音不是很好，那就要用优美的句式和流利的表达来吸引老师；有些同学说英语不连贯，那就放慢速度调整思路，把握好节奏。有些难的词或者术语不会表达，就不要去说，也不要使用自己拿不准的词，犯错太多会影响你的成绩。

自由对话

通常，考官会根据考生的自我介绍，提一到两个相关的问题，考查考生的听力理解能力、实际运用语言的能力和应变能力。所以，我们在准备自己的简介时就应该想到，老师有可能会问到哪些问题，自己该怎么样做答，这叫换位思考。比如在考试中，老师问到上面那位同学：Then, as far as you know, is there any well-known person in China with the family name “Bei”? 这时候如果考生没有提前想好，很可能会不知所措、张口结舌；实际上，这时候，如果你真的不知道，很自然的一句“I am sorry that I don't know about it exactly, but I suppose I will try to find out the answer later on. Maybe, that person will be myself in the future.” 这样的回答尽管有些牵强，但是可以巧妙地避开考官抛出的难题，而且在适当的情况下，一句轻松的调侃也能够博得老师们会心的一笑，从而缓解紧张的考场气氛。因此，备考时一定要想好，万一不知道怎么回答问题时该怎么办，并且提前模拟练习这样的场景。

自由对话的形式多样，可以是教师与考生对话或者考生之间对话。一般先抽题决定对话主题，然后就日常生活、学习、工作等方面的内容展开一对一的对话。由于题目不可预测，所以很多考生复习起来毫无头绪，这里笔者要提醒大家，考官考查得更多的是你的口语表达能力，所以当考生遇到了自己有准备的或者了解比较多的话题时，要及时抓住时机展开论述。而对于自己不熟悉或者不感兴趣的话题，也要学会巧妙回答并结合自己已知或者已准备的内容陈述。例如，考官问：Does communication skills play an important role in academic research? (交流能力对学术研究影响有多大？) 一考生做如下回答：Well, according to my own understanding, I do think communication skills plays a very important role in academic research.(重复考官问题) If a researcher is not able to share ideas with others, then it is impossible for him to make more progress.(反方向论证) For me, if I can, I will try to communicate with my professors and classmates, to benefit from scholars, and to improve my own study.（以个人为例阐述观点）So it is very important to have good communication skills.（简单总结）

由于该问题比较大，该考生很有逻辑地表明了自己的观点，并举了简单的例证，得到了考官的认同。也就是说，在回答类似的问题时，不要想得过于复杂（因为想得越多，越会加大表达的难度），几个简单的句型加上合理的安排就可以完成任务了。这样的技巧需要在考前反复练习，并进一步完善。

朗读文章

朗读文章对于大多数考生来说比较容易，建议大家考前多多练习，尤其是要注意自己的发音、断句、语速、停顿等细节，尽量不要犯错误。建议在平时找英语口语好的同学给自己纠正发音方面的问题。

资料翻译

资料翻译题一般考的都是英译汉，而且是与专业有关的内容，所以考生一定要仔细读完全部内容，了解大意后再开始翻译；尤其要把握好主从句关系，对于长句，建议大家找出主句的谓语动词，将主从句分开译。切忌没搞清文章主题和句子之间的关系就盲目动笔。

图片描述

图片描述题中，导师往往会拿出一些含有社会热点或流行话题的图片让学生描述，所以考生应该先将图片提供的要点信息用准确、简洁的文字完整地表述清楚，最后最好能附上自己的评论。

题外话

俗话说：知己知彼，百战不殆。所以，考生在准备复试的时候，必须首先了解各个院校复试的基本安排，这样才能有针对性地做好准备。

例如，很多重点大学师资力量比较强，专业教师中不乏英语高手，所以口语复试一般会由本招生专业中英语口语较好的老师担任口语考官，而一般院校由于各专业师资力量不平衡，也可能会将口语考试的任务交由该校的英语系或教研室来主持，或者由英语系协助其他各专业共同完成。

1、专业课教师担任口试考官

很多有过英美国家留学经历或口语很好的专业课教师担任口试官时，他们很可能会结合考生报考专业、方向，提出一些专业问题。所以，考生在复习时除了准备一般的生活话题之外，最好还能多看一些关于所报考专业的英文资料，熟悉基本的专业术语，如果能用准确、流畅的英文回答专业性很强的问题，可以给自己赢得不少加分。另外，考生在回答时，要注意表达出自己的思想和观点。

2、非专业课教师担任口试考官

很显然，即使考生抽到了关于专业课的题目，也不用担心，因为考官本身可能也不大可能熟悉这方面内容，他们大都是英语教学一线的老师，关注的更多的是考生的语音语调、表达的准确性和流利程度等方面。所以，考生可以多准备一些生活话题，并努力改进自己的表达，以迎合老师的要求。

提醒

当然，最后还是要提醒各位考生，尽管口语考试这部分的分值在复试中比重不大，但大家也要认真对待。因为这是一次难得的与老师直接交流的机会。所以大家还要注意穿着干净整齐，精神面貌积极向上，回答自信大方，因为这些细节有时也会影响到复试的成绩。

4.考研英语复习计划及备考建议 篇四

【词汇】

英语基础阶段以记忆词汇为主。在记单词的过程中可以采用以下五种记忆方法：形象记忆法、联想记忆法、例句记忆法、循环记忆法和同素记忆法。这五种方法中，联想记忆法和循环记忆法这两种方法比较好。

在备考实践中，很多同学记忆词汇都是抱着一本单词书从“A”开始背起，一两个月过去了，还是在被“A”的前几页，没有任何效果还白白浪费了时间。人的记忆周期大约一个多月，按这种方法记到字母Z的时候，如果在中间过程没有做到及时的巩固前面的词，背到后来前面的词就已经忘的差不多了，但是要不断巩固记忆的新词，这个工作量也是相当大的。显然，这种按字母排序记忆的方法不太科学。如果采用联想记忆法，情形就不同了，这种方法是将词语分解开来，把你主观强加的两个词的意义结合起来，这样来记忆的话就不容易忘记了;循环记忆也有此功效，每次及时回头看前面的，反复之下记忆的效果会很好。

其实很多在准备考研英语的同学同时也在准备四、六级，两者多是学英语，因此并不矛盾。因为四、六级考试几乎包括了考研英语的全部内容，只不过程度比考研要轻，要知道研究生毕业的条件之一就是要有六级证书，所以两者的关系不难平衡。

【语法】

语法是很多同学的弱项环节。语法弱意味着不能根据有序单词表达出的意思做出正确的反映，会造成信息链的断裂，而只有当你分清了句子的结构之后，才能将阅读、作文等内容和题意理解得更加明白。在考卷的阅读部分有四大难点：单词、长句子、非谓语、介词。这四点，其实有三点都涉及到了语法。因此加强语法的掌握力度可以有效拉高英语得分。

【阅读】

5.考研英语春季备考四项建议 篇五

一、关于单词的记忆

记单词有良方，在记单词的过程中可以采用以下五种记忆方法：形象记忆法、联想记忆法、例句记忆法、循环记忆法和同素记忆法。这五种方法中，经过经验的总结我个人认为联想记忆法和循环记忆法这两种方法比较好。

在备考实践中，很多同学记忆词汇都是抱着一本单词书从“A”开始背起，一两个月过去了，还是在被“A”的前几页，没有任何效果还白白浪费了时间。这种按字母排序记忆的方法不太科学。

人的记忆周期大约一个多月，按这种方法记到字母Z的时候，如果在中间过程没有做到及时的巩固前面的词，背到后来前面的词就已经忘的差不多了，但是要不断巩固记忆的新词，这个工作量也是相当大的。

如果采用联想记忆法，情形就不同了，这种方法是将词语分解开来，以你主观强加的`两个词的意义结合起来，这样就不容易忘记;循环也是，要及时回头看前面的，一天记的单词，一定要反复。

二、没有过四六级的同学要抓住备考考研英语的机会争取过国家英语等级考试。

准备四、六级级和考研英语并不矛盾。因为四、六级考试几乎包括了考研英语的全部内容，只不过程度比考研要轻，研究生毕业的条件之一就是要有六级证书，尽早做好准备以免因小失大。

三、关于怎样提高春季阅读理解复习的效率

要想弄明白这个问题，首先要做到对症下药，仔细研究你会发现，其实阅读题中纯时政的新闻不多，你感觉到的应该是科技、经济类，尤其是社会科学类新闻，这在阅读题中的确占很大比重。我的建议是多看《CHINA DAILY》和《21st century》等比较容易买到，难度也够用的报纸。

不过要注意，可以不必太在意头版的那些文章，文法不一定总能跟得上国外的杂志报纸。近几年来，考研题几乎都摘自国外的一些期刊报纸。

四、前期准备过程中对于词汇量大但是缺乏阅读技巧的考生应该怎么复习阅读理解呢?

6.考研数学大纲发布后备考建议 篇六

进入九月份之后，大家都在关注考研数学新大纲的发布，考研新大纲终究会带来什么样的变化，又会对我们的数学复习带来什么样的冲击，这都是同学们目前普遍感到焦虑的事情。今日，新大纲正式发布，很多同学都在盼望这一天的到来，一睹新大纲芳容。

当下阶段考研数学这一科目的复习目标是继续熟悉考研数学的题型，把握重难点，紧密联系前后知识点，构建知识框架，提高自己的综合解题能力，将教材、习题看透、做透。待新大纲发布之后，查漏补缺，重点掌握。

一、保持积极复习状态，及时关注新大纲名家解析

新大纲变或不变，往年的考点都摆在那里，我们仍要复习，我们不能在期待新大纲的时候，觉得往年的考研数学重难点就不再是考点，考研数学是比较稳定的学科，这是由其学科性质决定的，所以大家尽可以继续保持积极的心态，抓紧时间按照既定计划复习前进。但是，新大纲之所以重要，魅力就在于它的变化直接影响试卷的内容，如果变化存在于简单的知识点删除、定理概念等名字称谓的变化，大家了解便可，但如果的新增知识点大家就要格外留心了，这时候该考点背后的知识网络是考生需要掌握的。

二、构建知识链 提高综合解题能力

拿到考试大纲之后，同学们可以以最快的`速度把知识点梳理一遍，每个学科之间建立起框架，尤其是数学中的概率论，线性代数，比较小的学科，形成知识链，进而建立起一个清晰的知识图谱，做到胸有成竹。其中，高等数学的内容是考研数学的重、难点，所占分值最高，并且高数考点之具有很强的联系性，而这也正是考点的重点区域，要着重复习。数学题目的数量是无限的，但题型有限，尤其是考研经典题型，在强化阶段大家要通过对题型的反复练习并定期回顾，做到解题方法脉络清晰，遇题知解法，缩短解题的单位时间。数学的魅力在于顺利解出题目的快感，纸上谈兵或者参详答案都不是真正的数学学习，“动手”才是硬道理，只有在真正的动笔练习过程中才能真正的发现拦路虎的所在。并且，往日积累的解题技巧、套路，积累经验在实际的动手练习过程中才能得到印证，反复的亲自动手才能让大家成为基本功扎实的人，也有面对的勇气，不易被难倒。所以勤思、多练、善总结，会让大家的数学复习效果加速提升。记住，考研数学要的是真功夫!

三、真题为指南，准确把握考试方向

数学真题的作用更多的是为考生提出方向，针对真题大家要从微观和宏观两个维度去把握。从微观来看，大家要研究真题中的易考题型的解题思路，题目所设计的具体知识点，考点与知识点之间是怎么样联系的，尤其是新大纲带来的考点会以什么样的形式出现在现有的题型中……这些是需要考生从微观角度把握到的。从宏观来看，大家就要看整张试卷的分值分布以及题目类型，这样才能有复习的侧重点以及考场的时间分配方案，这在考研复习的后期是需要考生格外留心的，如果对试卷拿过来就做，眉毛胡子一把抓，反到抓不住重点，拿不到高分。

7.考研英语备考的建议 篇七

高考结束后, 笔者认真研究了2016年高考英语全国新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷的试题, 在此基础上对三套试卷的“英语知识运用”部分第一节完形填空进行了详尽的对比分析, 包括语篇的话题、体裁、词数、难度、难点词、搭配、长难句等, 同时从语篇的关键词、背景、结构、内容、百科知识等多维度进行了分析对比。特别对语言知识运用、考点难点和能力考查作了细致的分析对比, 以利于2017年复习备考。

一、原题文本呈现 (答题选项省略)

1.全国I卷 (乙卷)

2.全国II卷 (甲卷)

3.全国III卷 (丙卷)

二、试题对比评析

(一) 文本评析

1. 语篇话题、题材及难易度对比

2. 语篇解读

(二) 考点及难题评析

1. 全国I、II、III卷完形填空题考点分布可见下表:

(1) 全国新课标I卷完形填空题的具体考查内容

在20个题目中, 选项词类丰富, 覆盖面广, 科学合理, 涉及动词或动词短语、名词、形容词、副词、连词、介词短语和代词7大词类, 突出对动词和名词的考查。大多数考生都认为难度不大, 比较容易得分。词语方面考查的重点仍以实词为主, 20个题目中, 7个为动词或动词短语, 4个为名词, 3个为形容词, 1个为副词, 1个为代词, 3个为连词, 1个为介词短语。要求考生具备相应的词语辨析、逻辑推理、归纳概括、语篇理解、情景运用和文化、生活常识等方面的能力。

(2) 全国新课标II卷完形填空题的具体考查内容

在20个题目中, 选项的词类没有全国I卷多, 覆盖面窄, 仅考查动词或动词短语、名词、形容词、副词, 介词或介词短语5大词类, 未涉及代词和连词, 且试题多集中于考查动词或动词短语、名词和形容词。20个题目中, 6个为动词或动词短语, 4个为名词, 5个为形容词, 3个为副词, 2个为介词或介词短语。另外, 2016年全国新课标II卷完形填空题重点考查考生对语篇的细致理解, 有将近11个题需要联系上下文来解答 (如, 第41、43、45、46、48、49、54、55、56、57和58题) , 直接考查词汇辨析的题目明显减少。

(3) 全国新课标III卷完形填空题的具体考查内容

在20个题目中, 选项词类丰富, 覆盖面广, 类似新课标I卷, 考点科学合理, 涉及除了介词以外的动词或动词短语, 名词, 形容词, 副词, 代词和连词6大词类, 突出对动词、名词和形容词的考查。20个题目中, 5个为动词或动词短语, 6个为名词, 5个为形容词, 2个为副词, 1个为代词, 1个为连词。文章主线清晰, 题目难度适中, 单词不偏不怪, 线索中规中矩。考生只要沉着冷静, 不难得到高分。

2. 难题评析

(1) 全国新课标I卷

【解析】“travel”可用于表示“前行, 移动”, 对此, 学生不是很熟悉, 容易误选touring。这里涉及词义辨析, 我们知道C是指长途旅行, B是指短途观光, 这个人在165国道, 标了数字的一般是长途国道, 而且, 到这个地方是为了工作, 所以, 不应该选带有娱乐性质的选项。

【解析】此题比较难, 如果不能明辨“passengers”和“customers”的差异, 容易选错答案。从前文“...works with Transport Drivers”, 我们知道, Larry在一家运输公司工作, 要给客户送货, 所以, 答案选D。

【解析】答案选C。根据“...he got closer, he found...”可知, 当Larry开车驶近的时候, 他发现了其他情况。as意为“当……的时候”, 符合语境。

【解析】44题选B, 根据上文“he saw a car...”可知, 此处是指Larry又发现了一辆车。45题选A, 根据下文提到的“fire”, 我们可以判断车辆着火了。解答这两道题既要联系上下文, 又要结合基本的生活常识。

【解析】A.come down下降;B.come through经历, 度过;C.come in进来;D.come over过来。根据and后内容可知, 小汽车的司机走了过来。

【解析]】make an emergency call是固定搭配, 意为打紧急电话。所以说, 答案选C。

【解析】答案选A, 根据上下文可知, 正当Larry和那位司机交流时, 他们听到翻倒的车内传出声音, 表顺承, 故选then。

【解析】从上文可知, 消防等紧急救援人员赶到现场, 包括交通警察在内。另外, 本段最后一句为“They let him and the other man go”, 由they可推断本题应选名词复数或集合名词, 故选B。

(2) 全国新课标II卷

【解析】考查副词及上下文的衔接。“虽然你们之间的距离很远, 但是, 他们只要通过你的声音, 就可以了解你。”上下文之间是转折关系, 所以, 使用副词yet串联前后语义即可。yet, 也有“但是”的意思, 故B正确。

【解析】考查具体名词和上下文复现。前面一直说电话, 后面也提到电话, 即前文“device (装置) on your desk”和后文“only by phone”都提到了电话, 直接选择A.telephone。

注:2016年全国新课标II卷完形填空中, 考查语篇中上下文复现的题非常多, 有一半左右的答案可以在上下文中找到。解答第45题时, 根据第一段的描述, 以及下文“only by phone”, 我们可知, 本文介绍的是电话, 人们可以通过电话了解你。语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象, 如, 与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现, 结构同现, 同义同现, 修饰同现, 因果同现等。因此, 利用上下文寻找解题信息, 确定正确答案是解答完形填空题的重要技巧之一。

【解析】答案为D。考查形容词及上下文的衔接。现实生活中的她体贴大方, 而我之前却认为她很冷漠, 甚至产生了想要另找代理的想法。当时, 我暗自责备自己的错觉和武断……由此说明, 仅凭电话了解一个人, 有时很不准确。故D项正确。

(3) 全国新课标III卷

【解析】联系后半句“Miller是最好的”, 结合上文, 根据“我唯一的目标是成为球队里的球星, ”可知“那意味着击败Miller”, B符合文意。

【知识能力要求】本题考查动词短语辨析, A选项为“鼓舞”, B选项为“击败”, C选项为“信赖”, D选项为“与……待在一起。”

【解析】联系前文“football team”, 可知, Miller是最好的球员, D选项符合文意。

【知识能力要求】本题考查名词辨析, A选项为“教练”, B选项为“学生”, C选项为“老师”, D选项为“球员”。

【解析】联系上一句“足球赛季开始于九月, 整个夏天我都在训练”, 可知“为了训练我到哪儿都带着足球”, A选项符合文意。

【知识能力要求】本题考查名词辨析, A选项为“练习”, B选项为“表演”, C选项为“安慰, 舒适”, D选项为“乐趣”。

【解析】结合上文可知, Miller失去了右臂, “但是他没有哭”, 可知, 他看上去“苍白无力”, A选项符合文意。

【知识能力要求】本题考查形容词辨析, A选项为“苍白的, 无力的”, B选项为“平静的”, C选项为“放松的”, D选项为“羞愧的”。

【解析】结合下文可知, “Miller接受了挑战, 慢慢移向栅栏”。由此可以推测, 此句意为“我可以确定, 在这个世界上, 他最不想接受我的帮助”, C选项符合文意。

【知识能力要求】本题考查名词辨析, A选项为“称赞”, B选项为“建议”, C选项为“帮助”, D选项为“道歉”。

【解析】结合前文“我常常做梦, 感觉自己应该为Miller的事故负责”, 可知“他的话让我从噩梦中解脱”, D选项符合文意。

【知识能力要求】本题考查名词辨析, A选项为“记忆, 回忆”, B选项为“主意, 想法”, C选项为“态度”, D选项为“梦”。

【解析】结合前文“我的目标是击败Miller”, 可知, 此处意为“我之前想要挑战他是正确的”, A选项符合文意。

【知识能力要求】本题考查动词辨析, A选项为“挑战”, B选项为“治愈”, C选项为“邀请”, D选项为“钦佩”。

【解析】此句为全文结尾句, 联系全文主旨, 结合and后的a little more real, 可知此处意为“从那天开始, 我变得更强大, 更真实”, B选项符合文意。

【知识能力要求】本题考查形容词辨析, A选项为“更健康”, B选项为“更大”, C选项为“更聪明”, D选项为“更冷静/凉爽”。

无论是I卷、II卷还是III卷, 完形填空试题均要求考生运用词汇知识填补短文, 使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这道题重点考查考生在具体的语境中正确理解词汇意义和灵活运用词汇的能力;同时, 也考查学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑推理能力以及跨文化交际的意识。因此, 考生要在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上, 深入理解语篇、语境和语意, 正确把握上下文之间的逻辑关系和语义的连贯性, 准确把握词汇在语篇层面的意义, 在此基础上, 结合上下文, 选出正确答案。若选项的词义反差较大, 不涉及同义词或近义词的词义辨析, 那么, 该题着重考查考生根据语境正确理解单词或短语的含义。试题在测试考生运用英语词汇知识的同时, 注重考查考生的情感态度、价值观以及文化意识, 突出新课标中对语言文化特征和人文素养的考查, 对考生有很好的教育意义。

三、2017年复习备考建议

综上所述, 纵观历年的高考卷, 我们知道, 完形填空题具有明确稳定的命题风格与题型特点, 而且能够比较客观地反映考生综合运用语言知识的能力。在解题过程中, 既要求考生熟练运用所掌握的词汇 (词义、用法、搭配) 及语法知识, 又要求考生具备较强的阅读能力, 以及相应的篇章知识, 能够根据上下文的线索通篇考虑, 并结合个人所具备的常识, 以及逻辑思维、推理等与语言运用相关的经验, 做出正确的判断和最佳选择。其次, 完形填空的选项思路清晰, 具有以下命题特点:每小题所设的四个选项一般都属于相同的词类、相同的语义范畴, 长短相宜, 避免了对答案的明显暗示;错误选项也多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配, 从而起到一定的干扰作用。选项所用词汇基本不重复, 尽可能扩大考查内容的覆盖面。

基于以上特点, 笔者对2017年高考英语语言运用第一节完形填空的复习备考, 提出如下建议, 仅供参考。

(一) 复习教学中, 教师应强化完形填空题解题的原则和策略

1. 依据上下文确定答案的原则

与近几年的情况相同, 2016年高考全国卷 (I、II、III卷) 中的完形填空题, 近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强, 并成为测试热点。四个选项或词义相近, 或为近义动词的同一时态, 或为名词的单复数搭配。若选项的词义差异很大, 必然在文章中藏有提示语。正因为如此, 往往在解答第一个题目时, 需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。

2. 词语语义强于语法的原则

完形填空题的首句不留空, 目的就是告知考生短文中故事的四要素:地点、时间、人物和事由。再者, 单纯的语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范畴, 所以, 教师在指导学生复习备考时, 首先要告知他们这种命题趋势。如果四个选项的词语都符合语法规则, 那么, 学生在解答该题时, 就必须先全面理解篇章语义, 然后再结合正确的语言结构选出准确的答案。

3. 解题“四步法”原则

第一步:跳读。学生应先带着空格通读全文, 了解短文大意, 判别短文文体, 同时, 及时解答会做的题。

第二步:选答。这一步最为关键, 要求考生认真推敲每一道题, 但是, 教师要告诫他们不必严格按照顺序答题, 对那些拿不准的题可以先跳过去, 遵循先易后难的解题原则。

第三步:推敲。这实际上就要求考生通盘考虑完形填空短文的篇章结构, 对其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的、比较难解答的题, 以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的题进行认真的推敲、甄别、筛选和抉择。

第四步:复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步, 要求考生解完题后, 务必再把文章通读一遍, 从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思, 并及时改正不正确的答案。

(二) 应试技巧训练

1. 语境信息解题

完形填空题已经淡化了语法结构类的题目, 选项重在语意干扰, 也就是说, 命题者要求考生能把具体的语言知识融入具体的语境中去考虑, 因此, 考生应具备通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫, 对篇章进行整体把握的能力。所以, 快速浏览全文, 迅速领悟篇章主旨, 通过上下文语境选择答案是解决完形填空的关键。

2. 利用语法结构解题

高考完形填空题基本都是在语境中考查考生对语法知识的掌握程度, 单纯考查语法的题很少。而在完形填空题中, 考查的语法项目主要有动词的各种时态、语态和语气、谓语和非谓语形式等。所以, 这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识, 能够通过句式结构辨别相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词, 当然还要考虑主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点。不过, 切记解答这类题目时, 必须在语法正确的前提下, 再考虑其他方面的因素。

3. 复现解题法

这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要考查考生的整体篇章意识和根据上下文推断的能力。

4. 利用固定搭配解题

这类题目与语法结构题有点类似, 但要求考生熟练掌握惯用搭配, 讲究词与词的搭配, 涉及关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。

5. 利用逻辑语气解题

这类题目要求考生先了解全文的人物、时间、地点等信息, 然后, 再分析句子与句子之间的关系, 段落与段落之间的关系来解题。这种逻辑语气主要包含并列、递进、因果、转折和委婉语气等。这类题目的选项多为连词、副词或具有连词意义的各类短语。

6. 利用文化背景和生活常识解题

8.考研英语备考的建议 篇八

今年各地考试说明英语测试继续着重考查学生综合应用语言的能力。语言知识(语音、词汇、语法)的考核将融合在听力测试、语言知识应用和书面表达试题中。

以下是部分中考名师对湖北省武汉市2009年考试说明的解读：

湖北省武汉市梅苑中学 周志斌况建琳：整体难度降低三个地方微调

与2008年中考相比，命题在听力、词汇、阅读理解三个方面做了调整，个别地方的微调也是从降低难度去考虑。据此，可以判断，今年英语中考的难度系数可能低于去年的0.65。

这三个方面的调整是：

1、听力测试。在听力测试部分，第一节和第二节基础题各由原来的5小题增至6小题。在第三节中，短文理解题由原来的5小题减至3小题，降低了难度。

2、考试词汇。突出对常用词汇的考查，删减了一些使用频率不高的词汇，另外从教材中选进一些常用词汇作为考试词汇。词汇和词组的考查范围，严格限制在武汉市教科院下发的《2009年武汉市初中毕业生英语学业考试词汇表》之内。

3、阅读理解。阅读材料的篇幅略有增加，文长在300字左右。所选材料可能涉及西方文化或价值观念的内容。学生课外的阅读总量应不低于15万词。

另外，英语听力测试语速为每分钟120个词左右。书面表达题一般以文字信息形式出现，考查学生用英语表达信息的能力。应用文所要求的格式会在试卷上呈现。

湖北省武汉市卓刀泉中学英语备课组老师认为：听力变易，阅读变难。

与去年相比，今年英语试题难度可能略有增加，听力测试难度虽有所降低，但阅读材料长度略有增加，考生需争取在较短时间内适应这一变化。

第一，立足于课本，梳理知识点，构建英语知识框架。

中考试题侧重考查学生听说读写技能和灵活运用语言知识的能力。因此每册每个单元中的词汇、词组必须记准记牢。句型结构和语法知识争取做到以点带面，及时总结归纳，在头脑中形成清晰的知识结构。

例如，复习初一动词的一般现在时态时，先要理清英语动词的分类；复习初二教材中的动词将来时态时，可将前后所学的八种基本时态结合在一起；复习初三的被动语态时，应结合八种时态的主动语态；学习动词不定式时，又可以将谓语动词和非谓语动词比较。

这样很容易在思想中形成谓语动词的时态和语态结构，又能形成非谓语动词的概念，从而为遣词造句，尤其是试卷中书面表达部分打好坚实基础。

第二，注重专项训练的技巧和实效，促使所掌握的英语知识快速转化为能力。

根据中考说明和近年的中考试卷结构进行强化训练。学生在训练过程中要听从老师的建议和指导，采取正确的答题和阅读方法，严格控制时间，突出单位时间的效率，并及时纠正训练中的错误，使训练质量保持快速上升趋势。例如完形填空专项训练，答题方法上要做到通读全文把握大意，要注意文章内在的联系，瞻前顾后，正确判断，还要复查全文，清除疏漏。

第三，有针对性地搞好综合模拟训练。

今年命题有些新变化，例如听力测试明显降低难度，同学们应及时调整好听力训练的重点，做到省时增效。

另一个新变化是阅读材料长度略有增加，较往年难度会有增加。学生在综合模拟训练的过程中既要有信心，又要有耐心，争取在较短时间内适应新的变化。