人生感悟经典语录英汉互译

人生感悟经典语录英汉互译（共5篇）

1.人生感悟经典语录英汉互译 篇一

《秘书英语》英汉互译

Unit 1 Section 1

Page 4

Exercise 4 1)我很高兴能有机会参加面试。

I am very happy that I have the chance for this personal interview.2)我曾经在远东贸易公司兼职当过三个月的人事助理。

I had a part-time job for three months at Far East Trade Company as a personnel assistant.3)作为一名秘书，我经常要与来自其他文化的人打交道。

As a secretary I usually need to deal with people from other cultures.4)我的计划就是成为一名成功的秘书，因此在这方面我训练有素。

My plan is to become a successful secretary because I have been well trained for this.5)秘书作为团队一员要与同事协作高效地工作

A secretary must team up with other colleagues for a smooth operation to maximize working efficiency.6)我想问一下该公司的工资和福利是怎样的.I want to ask about the salary and benefits in the company.Unit 1 Section 3

Page 10

Exercise 2 1)我从《中国贸易》的广告得知贵公司正在招聘秘书，本人对该职位很感兴趣。

I know from your advertisement in China Trade that your company is looking for a secretary，This position has aroused my great interest.2)我所学的专业和已有的工作经验使我有能力胜任这份工作。

My major and working experience will enable me to be competent for this position.3)东方公司享有很好的声誉，本人很希望在贵公司工作。

Oriental company has been enjoying a very good commercial reputation, so I have a keen interest in working for your company.4)我希望有机会与你面谈我应聘该职位的条件。

I hope I can have a chance for an interview regarding my qualifications for this position.5)

本人诚实、热情、工作努力，有团队精神。

I am honest, enthusiastic, hardworking and of team spirit.Unit 2 Section 1

Page 16

Exercise 4 1)我带你到处转转，见见将和你一起工作的同事。

We should go round and meet some of the staff you’ll be working with.2)让我们从凌云开始吧。

Let’s start with Ling Yun.3)期待着下周见到你。

I’m looking forward to seeing you next week.4)可以占用你们一点时间吗？

Can I have a few moments of your time? 5)今明两天你将和他在一起。

You’ll be spending today and tomorrow with him.6)她这周末将离职，由你取代她。

She is leaving us at the end of the week and then you’ll take her place.Unit 2 Section 2

Page 19

Exercise 4 1)作为团队的一员，经验丰富的秘书会保护老板。

As part of the team, the professional secretary protects the employer.4)建立一种归档系统，使所有需要进入系统的人都容易调阅。

Having a filing system that can be used easily by all who need access.5)定期将文件分类，比如在年末或者一个项目完成的时候。

Sort file regularly, for example at the end of the year or the completion of a project.Unit 4 Section 2 Page 42

Exercise 4

A secretary should know how to deal with unexpected visitors and make them feel welcomed.Enquire about the purpose of their visits before introducing them to the boss.If the boss cannot meet them right now, ask the visitors to wait politely or to make an appointment for another day.秘书应该知道怎样接待没有预约的来访者，使他们觉得自己是受欢迎的。在引见他们之前，先询问他们来访的目的。如果老板当时无法接见他们，有礼貌地请来访者等候一会儿，或者预约改日再见。

Unit 4 Section 1 Page 40 Exercise 4 1）早上好，先生。能为您效劳吗？

Good morning, sir.Can I help you? 2）是的，我想会见凌云先生。

Yes, I would like to see Mr.Ling Yun please.3）您有预约吗？没有，我没有预约。

Do you have an appointment? 4）我来自威尔森汽车公司，我来见凌云先生是为了讨论一下我们新车型的销售的。

No.I’m afraid I haven’t.I’m from Wilson Motors, and I’ve come to see Mr.Ling to discuss sales of our new model.Unit 4 Section 4

Page 48

Exercise 4 1）秘书应该将服装看作是适合公司形象的制服。

The secretary should view clothing as a uniform that fits the image of the office and thus advances the secretary’s career goals along with the purpose of the office.2）用服饰、发型等来表现自信和职业特点。

Use dress, hairstyle and so forth to convey confidence and professionalism.3）给别人真诚的赞美。

Give sincere compliments.4）愿意与人交流思想，愿意向他人学习。

Be willing to exchange ideas and learn from others.5）学会如何在压力下有效地工作。

Learn how to work effectively under pressure.Unit 5 Section 1

Page 52

Exercise 3 1)她明天有时间吗？

Does she have any time tomorrow? 2)请您别挂，稍等一会好吗？

Would you please hold the line for a moment? 3)凌云先生明天的日程已满。

Mr.Ling Yun has a full schedule tomorrow.4)我会把它记下来。

I’ll make a note of that.Dear Doris，Congratulations on your promotion.Now you know your hard work has been recognized and accepted by the company.This is a positive sign that you are on your way up, and all of us believe that you really deserve it.I look forward to congratulating you on your next promotion.Best regards

ZhangYi

Unit 7 Section 1

Page 73 Exercise 5 1).你今天下午需要做会议记录的这次会议室一场大会吗？

Is the meeting that you have to take minutes this afternoon a big one? 2).我只写一个简短的报告就可以了。

I just make a short report.3).你能给我看一份副本吗？

Could you show me a copy? 4)你必须确保你把一切都包括在内了。首先是时间，然后是地点。

You must make sure that you include everything.First the time and then the place.5).凌云先生说所有的司机都必须遵守城市汽车停车规则。

Mr Ling Yun said that all drivers must obey city car parking regulations.6）他说将来任何停车罚款都必须由司机本人支付。

He said that in the future, any parking fines would have to be paid by the drivers themselves.Unit 7 Section 3

Page 79

Exercise 2 大为.约翰先生：

谨定于1月4日（星期五）下午7时在长安街假日酒店18层国际俱乐部举行晚宴。敬请光临

凌云暨夫人

Mr.and Mrs.Ling Yun

request the pleasure of David Johns’

company at a dinner

on Friday, the fourth of January

at 7:00 p.m.at the International Club on Eighteen floor, Holiday Inn Chang’an Street, Beijing

Unit 7 Section 4

Page 82

Exercise 4 1）请注意。

Attention please/May I have your attention, please.2）我有个重要通知要发布。

Here is an important announcement./I have an important announcement to make.3）由于天气原因，今天下午的会议将推迟到明天下午进行。

Because of the weather, this afternoon’s meeting will be put off to tomorrow afternoon./will be postponed until tomorrow afternoon.4）请张先生说话。

Mr.Zhang has the floor please./Let’s invite Mr.Zhang to give us a presentation.《秘书英语》判断题

Unit 1 Section 4 Page 12 Exercise 2 1(T)A secretary sometimes should deal with some private or secret tasks.【秘书有时要处理一些私人或机密的任务。】(F)A secretary of today is only responsible only for carrying out the boss’s wishes.【秘书今天仅只负责执行老板的愿望。】(F)Since a secretary’s work is usually office routine, the methods of handling information are simple.【由于秘书的工作通常是办公室的日常工作，处理方法的信息很简单。】(F)A modern secretary should have the ability to bear responsibility and to make decision without supervision.【现代秘书应该有能力承担责任和作出的决定，没有监督。】(F)According to the survey by APSI, secretary can be divided into different types and they are completely different position.【根据调查，apsi，部长可以分为不同的类型，它们是完全不同的位置。】

Unit 5 Section 2 Page 54 Exercise 4(F)Telephoning skills cannot be learned.【电话技能不能教训。】(F)It is not necessary that the secretary says the name of the company because the caller already knows it.【这是没有必要的，秘书说，公司的名称，因为对方已经知道了它。】(T)Being a good listener is very important to a secretary.【一个好的倾听者是非常重要的一个秘书。】(T)If a secretary promises to call back, he/she should do it as soon as possible.【如果秘书答应回电话，他/她应该尽快做。】(F)A secretary needn’t know how to use the buttons on the telephone.【秘书不必知道如何使用上的按钮电话。】

Unit 5 Section 4 Page 59 Exercise 2 1.(T)Diplomacy is the management of international relations by negotiation.【外交是管理国际关系的谈判。】

2.(F)Diplomacy is a Greek word.【外交是一个希腊词。】

3.(T)Zhuge Liang can be regarded as an ancient diplomat.【诸葛可以被视为一个古老的外交官。】 4.(F)“The Vertical Alliance” was political alliance.【“合纵联盟”的政治联盟。】

5.(F)A diplomat only learns the situation, external or internal, of the countries they are appointed to.【一个外交官只学习情况，外部或内部，他们的国家被任命。】

6.(F)The Qin Kingdom formed the Vertical Alliance in history.【秦国的纵向联盟的形成历史。】 Unit 6 Section 4 Page 70 Exercise 2 1.(T)An embassy has a political office, military office, economic and commercial office, cultural office, educational office, and so on.【一个大使馆政治，军事，经济，商业，文化，教育，等等。】 2.(F)Interpreters, typist, and clerks also hold diplomatic passports and enjoy full diplomatic privileges and immunities.【口译，打字员，和职员也持有外交护照和享有完全的外交特权与豁免。】

3.(T)Diplomats are the representatives of their states in the host countries.【外交官是代表他们的国家在东道国。】(T)Diplomats should make friends with the people in the host countries.【外交官应该交朋友与东道国的人。】

4.(T)A secretary is a “diplomat” in a company, somehow.【秘书是一个“外交官”在一个公司，不知何故。】

5.(F)A secretary doesn’t have to know diplomacy.【秘书不必知道外交。】

2.英汉互译哲理文章 篇二

还记得李阳疯狂英语中所倡导的“疯狂信念”吗?“伟大的时代给每个人伟大的机会!你的命运掌握在你的手中!淋漓尽致地弘扬你的生命吧!因为这个世界上只有一个你!你在这个世界上只走一回!为什么要怕丢脸?人死了以后不过是一堆灰，脸面又算得了什么呢?丢脸是多么珍贵的人生体验:正是因为丢脸，你学到了最难学到的知识和经验;正是因为丢脸，你获得实力的迅速成长和人格的全面锻炼。亲爱的朋友们，感激所有给你机会丢脸的人，抓住每一个丢脸的机会!请让我丢脸吧!”

拿出你的勇气来，拿出你的野心来!有人说，人之所以没有翅膀，是因为他有思想。那么，让我们思想的翅膀带我们去天空自由飞翔吧!让思想无限!

一个人在他的日记中写道：

今天，我牵着小狗在海滩上散步时，遇见一对来自西部已退休的夫妇。他们对俄亥俄海岸赞不绝口。

“这片海滩真令人神往啊!”老妇人说，“可惜我们前没有下决心在这儿买一幢别墅。”

“现在觉得太晚了?”我问道。

“是，那时买会便宜得多呢!”

我不知道他们是宁愿守着一块并不喜爱的地方生活，还是会尝试一下危险与挑战?如果我早就和他们认识的话，我肯定会劝他们勇敢地去试一下，免得像现在一样后悔不迭。

曾经有人说过：多数人是在失望中度过终生的。可是在期盼中度过一生，岂不更有意义?你所需付出的仅仅是让你的生活态度有意识地改变。曾听过多少感慨“要是早点……生活就会大不同了!”并总是大谈如果他做了什么，那他的生活会怎么样，然而他们却什么也没做过，一切只是空谈。

有一次，上帝把1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、O十个数字摆出来，让面前十个人去取，说道：“一个人只能取一个。”

人们争先恐后地拥上去，把9、8、7、6、5、4、3都抢走了。

取到2和1的人，都说自己的运气不好，得到很少很少。

可是有一个人却是心甘情愿地取走了0。

别人说他傻：“拿0有什么用?”

别人笑他痴：“0是什么也没有呀!要它干啥?”

这个人说：“从0开始嘛!”说完便一言不发，埋头苦干起来。

他获得1，有O便有了10;他获得5，有O便成了50。他一心一意地干着，一步一步地向前走。

他把0加在他获得的数字后面，便十倍十倍地增加。他终于成了最富有的、最成功的人。

3.英汉互译第8-10课 篇三

Omission

一、教学目的：要求熟练理解句子的翻译技 巧，从而在英汉翻译时做到通顺、准确。

二、教学过程： 1.增译法 省译法 词类转换

正说反译、反说正译法 重译法 语态变换法 词序调整法 拆译法

Omission(省译法)

1)A book is useful.书（是）有用（的）。

2)The earth goes around the sun.地球绕太阳转。

3)On Sundays we have no school.礼拜天我们不上课。

Omission(省译法)任何事物具有两面，翻译既然有增译法，就必定有对应的减译法或省略法。省略法就是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词但已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。简言之省略法就是删去一些可有可无或有了反而累赘或违背译文表达习惯的词。省略法不是省掉原文的思想内容。这种省略多从语法和修辞角度考虑。

冠词、连词、代词（尤其是人称代词、关系代词）、关系副词等，在英语中经常使用，但译成汉语时很少出现，为了使译文忠实地道，减译法或省略法就不可少了。

1.省略代词

英语中通常每句都有主语。但根据汉语习惯，若前句出现一个主语且后句仍为同一主语时，后句主语一般省掉。如：

1）He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.他身体消瘦，面容憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。

• Cf：Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.• 他象他的朋友一样，虽然头脑里有许多美妙的想法，却只有少数付诸实施。2)We live and learn.活到老，学到老。

3)Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in new Campus.新校区处处可以看到新人、新事物。4)If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.得寸进尺。

5)I have received your letter and read it with delight.我收到了你的信，愉快地读了。

6)When conditions exist, go ahead;when they don’t, create them and go ahead.有条件要上；没有条件，创造条件也要上。7)I wash my face in the morning.我早上洗脸。

cf：别把手放在口袋里。Don’t put your hands in your pockets.8)He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一言不发。

Practice：

①.But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.但我就这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。

②.Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist.不承认这个事实，就不是唯物主义者。

③.The more you tried to hide your warts, the more you revealed them.越是想掩盖烂疮疤（缺点、瑕疵），就越是会暴露。

④.You must excuse me, I shall not speak of the matter again.请原谅，我以后不会再提这事了。⑤.She put up her hand in a solute.她举手致敬。

⑥.Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。

⑦.It is only shallow people who judge by appearances.只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。

⑧.It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house.他费了不少劲才找到了回家的路。2.省略连词

我们在讨论增译法时，提到“汉语语言精炼，并列连词较少使用，其上下逻辑关系常常是暗含的，由词语顺序来表示。但译为英语时，需要增补。证实了英语是形合语言，汉语是意合语言的命题。”相反，把英语译成汉语时，很多情况则需省略连词。如： 1).He looked gloomy and troubled.（表并列）

他看上去有些忧愁不安。

2).As the temperature increase, the volume of water becomes greater.（表原因）

温度升高，水的体积就增大。

3)If winter comes, can spring be far behind?（表条件）

冬天来了，春天还会远吗？

4)When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west;when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.（表时间）

东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。Practice: 1).It is in the plant that we work together with the workers.就是在这个工厂内我们同工人一起劳动。

2).The door was opened, and he came in.门开了，他走了进来。

3).He studied in the college for two years, and then he went to join the army.他在大学念过两年书，后来就去参军去了。4).If it should rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home.明天下雨我就呆在家里不出去。

5).When at last he stood upon the cliff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully.最后他站到了悬崖上，转过身来，忧郁地看着他的妹妹。

6).John rose gloomily as the train stopped for he was thinking of his ailing mother.火车停了，约翰忧郁地站了起来，因为他想起了病中的母亲。

3.省略介词

一般说来，表示时间和地点的英语前置词，译成汉语如出现在句首，大都可以省略，出现在句尾时大都不省。如：

1)The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。

比较：中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。2)In July, 1956, Egypt had seized the Suez Canal.一九五六年七月，埃及占领了苏伊士运河。

比较：埃及占领苏伊士运河是在一九五六年。3)And on July 1st, 1999, I graduated from university.一九九九年七月一日，我大学毕业了。4)Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共场所不准吸烟。

4.省略冠词

英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词；因此，英译汉时往往要将冠词省略。相反，汉译英时，多要增加冠词，也就是增译法中的增加冠词。如： 1)A book is useful.（是）有用（的）。2)The earth goes around the sun.地球绕太阳转。

（省略表示独一无二的事物的定冠词 the）又如：The moon was slowly rising above the sea.）3)A teacher should have patience in his work.当教员的应当有耐心。（省略表示类别的不定冠词a）

4)The girl standing at the window is his girlfriend.站在窗口的（那个）女孩是他女朋友。

此句中girl后有定语，汉译时定冠词The可省也可保留。）5)Milk is sold by the pound.牛奶按磅计价。（牛奶是论磅卖的。）

当然，有些场合，冠词是不能省略的。比如不定冠词a 或an 表示数量“一”时，定冠词the 表示“这”或“那”时，均不能省略。6)He left without a word.他一句话不说就走了。7)The children are of an age.这些孩子都是同岁的。Exercises 1.We can not see sound waves as they travel through air.声波通过空气传播，是看不见的。（省人称代词）

2.The dog is stretching itself.这条狗在伸懒腰。(省反身代词）

3.It was a cold, dark day, the sky overcast.寒冷阴沉的一天，乌云密布。（省略非人称代词it)4.I can do it, and so can you.我能做，你也能做。（省略并列连词）5.Smoking is not allowed in the store-house.仓库重地，严禁吸烟。（省略介词）6.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。（省从属连词）

7.A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainment but no virtue.聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。（省关系代词）8.他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。

They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemies.（增加并列连词）9.礼拜天我们不上学。

On Sundays we have no school.（增加介词）10.孩子就是孩子。

A boy is always a boy.(增加冠词）

Lecture 9 Conversion

(词类转换法)教学要求

了解并熟悉词类转换法（Conversion）的翻译技巧；在此基础上了解英汉常见的差异。In terms of conversion we mean that in translating a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessary to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language.As a matter of fact, conversion in the English language is very common.Let’s take the word “round” for example:

This is the first round.(n.)There is a round table in the room.(adj.)Round the corner slowly.(v.)He walked round the table.(prep.)So, conversion is one of the important techniques and is needed primarily by the differences in syntactic structure and idiomatical way in the two languages.Conversion occurs on many occasions.But the most commonly seen are as follow: 1.转译成动词

英语和汉语相比较，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点。往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。如： He is a good eater and a good sleeper.他能吃能睡。

He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job.他对总统声明为保持其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。

A.由动词的派生名词（或含有动作意义的名词）转译为动词 His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。

An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of translation.读一点世界史，对学习翻译是有帮助的。

A view of Mt.E-mei can be obtained from here.从这儿可以看到峨嵋山。

A.由动词的派生名词（或含有动作意义的名词）转译为动词 Exercise： a.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.b.On the walk through the campus they saw many students reading in the garden.c.He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。漫步校园时，他们看见许多学生在公园里看书。他告诫全国公民，必须坚持参加政治论战。

B.英语中加后缀-er,-or 的名词，在句中并不表身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意义。He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.他倒是不抽烟，但他的爸爸却一支接一支地抽（是个老烟枪）。

He was a regular visitor.他经常来。

I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我未必会教你游泳。我想我的弟弟比我教得好。C.介词转换为动词

Jones opened the windows to let fresh air in.琼斯把窗子打开,让新鲜空气进来。That day she was up before sunrise.那天她在日出前就起来了。

“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.“来啊!” 她转身蹦着跳着地跑了, 越过草地, 跑上小径,跨上台阶, 穿过凉台,进了门廊。C.介词转换为动词

Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then he entered a huge building.他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然后进入了一座大厦。in accordance with 符合on the basis of 根据 by means of 利用

on behalf of 代表 instead of 代替

in favor of 支持，赞成D.形容词转换为动词

They were suspicious and resentful of him.他们不信任他，讨厌他。2.转译成名词

A.Verbs-Nouns 英语中有许多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语的名词。如： She behaves as if she were a child.她的举止跟一个孩子一样。

A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.一个衣着讲究的人上了车，他的言谈举止酷似美国人。A.Verbs-Nouns Edison patented over one thousand separated inventions during his life.爱迪生一生中得到一千多项发明项目的专利。It is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.它的主要特点是结构简单。His image as a good student was badly tarnished.Tarnish: 失去光泽；褪色

他作为一个好学生的形象，已遭受到很大的玷污。

B.Adjectives-Nouns 一种情况，英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示一类的人，汉译时常译成名词（例1、2、3）。另外，有些英语中的形容词根据情况，也可译成名词。如例4：

1.They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。

2.Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.罗宾汉和他的同伴们痛恨富人，热爱并保护穷人。3.Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft.史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。4.This problem is no less important than that one.这个问题的重要性不亚于那个问题。5.Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth.玻璃的透明度比塑料布要好。

Exercise: They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf.他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。The White family were religious.王尔德(怀特)全家都是虔诚的教徒。Hospitals are getting more efficient these days.近日来，医院的效率越来越高了。C.Adverbs—Nouns It is editorially said that… 社论说……

He is strong physically, but weak mentally.他体力很强，可智力很弱。

The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure 1.图一所示是这种新型机器的简图。独立思考是学习所绝对必要的。

Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.我们觉得难于解决这个问题。

We find difficulty in solving this problem.3.转译成形容词

A.Nouns—Adjectives

1.I can note the grace of her gesture.我可以看到她优雅的举止。

2.We have seen the beauty of Mt.Tai.我们看到了美丽的泰山。

3.You pass from the heat and glare of a big open square into a cool, dark cavern.你从一个巨大的露天广场上炎热而耀眼的阳光中进入凉爽阴暗的洞穴。A.Nouns—Adjectives 4.As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.他对这个城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。

英语中有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往可以转译成形容词（例4和例5）。又如：The blockade was a success.封锁很成功。B.Adverbs—Adjectives

The English language has changed subtly and pervasively.英语的变化很微妙，很普遍。She looked at me expectantly.她用期待的眼光看着我。

Hopefully, it will be done early next month.下月初完成这项工作是大有希望的。

Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them.他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。B.Adverbs—Adjectives

他慢条斯理地点了一两下头说：“是的。” “Yes,” he said with a slow nod or two.他们热忱地欢迎他。

They give him a hearty welcome.他会立即答复。

He will give an immediate reply.A.Nouns—Adverbs 1.The man nodded with satisfaction.那人满意地点了点头。

2.He had the honor to attend the congress.他荣幸地出席了代表大会。

B.Adjectives—Adverbs 3.He had a careful study of the map before he started off.他在出发前仔细地看了看地图。

4.Can you give an accurate translation of the sentence? 你能准确地把这句话译出来吗？

很简单，由于英语中带有动作意味的名词汉译为动词，因而原文修饰名词的形容词也相应地汉译为副词，以便修饰动词。

Exercise 1.It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.(adj—v.)生于社会，不能脱离社会。

2.They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally.(adv.—n.)但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。3.I have the honour to inform you that…(n.—adv.)我荣幸地通知你。

4.He had the kindness to show me the way.(n.—adv.)他好意地给我指路。

5.I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries(中间人).(n.—adj.)我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。6.他们怀疑这是否是真的。(v—adj.)They are doubtful whether it is true or not.7.“放我出去！”房间里的孩子叫道。(v.—adv.)“Let me out!” the child in the room cried.8.你拨错了电话号码。(adv.—adj.)

You dialed the wrong number.Lecture 10

Affirmation and Negation

Sentence Translation

一、教学目的：要求熟练理解句子的翻译技巧，从而在英汉翻译时做到通顺、准确。

二、教学过程： 1.增译法 省译法 词类转换

正说反译、反说正译法 重译法 语态变换法 词序调整法 拆译法

During the process of E-C or C-E translation, due to different ways or habit of expressing, the transfer of affirmative expression into negative one or vice versa is not only frequent but necessary.The reasons of using this method is，first, to express the exact meaning of the source language smoothly;second, to conform to norms of the target language Examples: Excuse me.对不起。

“Don’t stop working” he said.他说，“继续干活吧” 別停止工作

He went into the insecure building.他走进那所危楼。

他走进那所不安全的大楼。

A.源文从正面表达，译文从反面表达 1.动词

Such a chance denied me.我没有得到这样一个机会。2.副词

A: The boy is quite clever.B: Exactly.甲：这孩子很聪明。

乙：一点不错/的确如此。3.形容词

1）It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given.甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去，结果就不堪设想。2）The explanation is pretty thin.这个解释是相当不充实的。

3）His refusal is not final.他的拒绝不是不可改变的。4.介词

1）This problem is above me.这问题我不懂。（或：我解决不了）。

2）It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.他无权签订这种合同。5.连接词

The guerrilla would fight to death before they surrender 游击队员宁愿战斗到死，而决不投降。

I will not go unless I hear from him 如果他不通知我，我就不去

6.名词

1）By about six-thirty the sounds of aircraft, trucks and tanks had become quite familiar, but a series of small explosions nearby seemed to cause new anxiety.大约到六点半，大家对飞机、卡车和坦克的声音已经很习以为常了。但是附近一些轻微的爆炸声似乎又造成了新的不安。

7.短语

1）The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war.岛民发现自己远远没有做好作战准备。

2）We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.我们相信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。

3）When Philip missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know what to do.菲利普误了最后一班公共汽车，茫然不知该怎么办。二．英语从反面表达，译文从正面表达 1．动词

1）I rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloaded.一天我和他乘车转了一转，看看船如何卸货。

2）The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。

2．副词

1）He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。

2）Many agreed that the Prime Minister had in effect resigned dishonorably.许多人认为首相辞职实际上是很丢面子的。

3．形容词

1）He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。

2）All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。4．名词

1）He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business.他对他的父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。

2）I watched with disbelief as a number was put on my right forearm---82585.当一个号码—82585刺在我右前臂时，我怀疑地看着。

5．短语

1）Don’t lose time in posting this letter.赶快把这封信寄出去。

2）The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer.调查的结果清清楚楚说明病人死于癌症。

3）Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon.今天下午学生统统要交书面作业。A.Some Idiomatic Expressions 1.riot police

防暴警察(即anti-riot police，而不是**的警察)2.crisis law

反危机法案(即anti-crisis law)3.spy film 反谍影片 4.After you, sir.先生，您先请。

A.Some Idiomatic Expressions 5.Keep in lane!

不准换线！6.Keep off the lawn!

请勿践踏草地！

7.I couldn’t agree more with you.我完全同意你的看法。8.Just make yourself at home.不要客气。/别见外。

9.He was the last man to say such things.他绝不会说这样的话。

10.They are non-local laborers in Beijing 他们是在北京打工的外地民工。

11.We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life.我们要永远对生活抱乐观的态度。Exercises：

1.I’m new to the work.这工作我是生手。（这工作我不熟悉。）2.He is free with his money.他花钱大手大脚。（他花钱从不吝啬。）

3.He realized that he was in trouble.他意识到遇到麻烦了。（他感到自己的处境不妙。）4.The station is no distance at all.车站近在咫尺。（车站一点儿也不远。）5.It’s no less than a fraud.这简直是一场骗局。（这无异于一场骗局。）6.The works of art were left intact, the money gone.艺术品还在，钱却不翼而飞。（艺术品原封未动，钱却不翼而飞。）

7.Time is what we want most, but what, alas, many use worst.(adv.)时间是我们最缺少的，但可叹之至，偏偏许多人最不善于利用。8.They feel great anxiety about his sickness.他们对他的病情感到焦虑不安。9.The criminal is still at large.(phrase)罪犯还未捉拿归案。After class exercises: 1.Isn’t it funny!

2.I am never at a loss for a word;Pitt is never at a loss for the word.3.When Stephen was introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “We’ve read your article.We expected to meet an older man.”

4.英汉互译中谚语巧合2 篇四

Corresponding English and Chinese proverbs and phrases(2)

1.World is but a little place, after all.

天涯原咫尺，到处可逢君

Explanation: it is used when a person meets someone he knows or is in

someway connected with him in a place where he would never have expected to

do so.

Example: Who would have thought I would bump into an old schoolmate on a

trek up Mount Tai. The world is but a little place after all.

2. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

入乡随俗

Explanation: conform to the manners and customs of those amongst whom you

live.

Example: I know you have egg and bacon for breakfast at home, but now you

are on the Continent you will do as the Romans do and take coffee and rolls.

3. What you lose on the swings you get back on the roundabouts.

失之东隅，收之桑榆

Explanation: a rough way of starting a law of average; if you have bad luck

on one day you have good on another; if one venture results in loss try a

fresh one---it may succeed.

Example: he may always possess merits which make up for everything; if he

loses on the swings, he may win on the roundabouts.

4.What are the odds so long as you are happy.

知足者常乐

Explanation: what does anything else matter if a person is happy.

Example: you complain so much, but you have a good family, parents, health,

and money. What’s the odd so long as you’re happy.

5.Entertain an angel unawares.

有眼不识泰山

Explanation: to receive a great personage as a guest without knowing his

merits.

Example: in the course of evening someone informed her that she was

entertaining an angel unawares, in the shape of a composer of the greatest

promise

6.every dog has his day .

是人皆有出头日

Explanation: fortune comes to each in turn

Example: they say that every dog has his day; but mine seems a very long

time coming.

7.every potter praises his own pot.

王婆买瓜，自卖自夸

Explanation: people are loath to refer to defects in their possessions or

their family members

Example: he said that his teacher considered his work brilliant, but I would

rather hear it from his teacher’s own mouth. Every potter praises his own

pot

Now come on! Have a try.试着翻译一下下面几个谚语!

hit the nail on the head

have an iron hand in a velvet glove

great minds think alike

good wine needs no bush

Give him enough rope and he will hang himself.

Evil does not always come to injure.

5.英汉互译之词类转换文献综述 篇五

本科毕业设计（论文）

文献综述

题 目

英语构词的转类法与英汉翻译词类转化法 Comparison between Conversion in English Word Formation and Translation

专 业 学生姓名 指导教师 完成日期

英语 Jerry Joel Licia Wong

班 级 学 号 职 称

03英本6班 03046666 讲师

2007年1月18日

温州大学教学部制 英语构词转类法与英汉翻译 词类转化法的文献综述

v 在由于英语构词法和英汉翻译理论与实践中，都会提到一种方法，即转类法/词类转换法(conversion)。在英语构词法中，转类法是一种词汇扩大的重要方法和途径，能都转变词汇句法功能。在现代英语中，词类有一种词类转换成另一种词类似乎更加便捷，因此而有着普遍的存在。而在英汉翻译的实践过程中，一些句子可以逐字对译，有些句子则不然。在这些句子中，有些词就需要词类转换，使译文通顺自然，并传达出原文的准确意思。

英语构词法中的转类法(conversion)在英语发展的历史长河里，由于大部分词汇的词尾屈折变化的基本消失，衍生出一种新的构词法――转类法。这种方法成为现代英语构词方法中最为简便和有效的途径。它不改变词的形态，只是使词从一种词类转换为另一种词类，从而使词具有新的意义和作用，成为一个新词，这种构词法叫做转类法（conversion）。这种构词法的特点是无须借助词缀即可实现词类的转换（陆国强，1999：21）。因此，这种构词法又被成为零位后缀法（derivation by zero suffix），简称“零位派生法”(zero derivation),如fax(传真)可以由名词不加任何形式变化直接转化为动词to fax（发传真）。

在英语构词法中，转类法的几种突出表现包括：名词定语(noun attribute),如danger zone（危险区域），depth charge(深水炸弹)；recipient country(受援国)；名词转化为动词，如名词traget(目标)转化为动词to target（把„„作为目标），名词brainstorm（献策攻关）转换为动词to brainstorm(集中个人的智慧猛攻)；动词转化为名词，如laugh动词转化为名词a laugh；形容词转化名词，如the poor, the rich, the riduculous, the condemned。

英语词汇中的简单词大多能够进行词类转化，如多数的单音节名词都有着与它形式相同的动词，如：chase n.→to chase v.;sight n.→to sight v.;search n.→to search v.等等。而真正意义上的派生词(derivatives)通常不能进行转类，因为派生词中已具有了明确表示词类的词缀。复合词（compounds）转类的情况比派生词多。复合词通常由两个单音节的词复合而成，如：spotlignt n.→to spotlight v.(聚光灯照射；使醒目突出)；blacklist n.→to blacklist v.(把„„列入黑名单)；to break down → breakdown(崩溃)；to stand still→ standstill(停顿)等都是由名词转化为动词或者由动词词组转化为名词。转类法被认为是英语构词中构词能力最强的方法之一。不论是什么词类的词汇，都有相当的一部分可以进行转类而产生新词汇。

英汉翻译中的词类转换(conversion)翻译的实质是将一种语言转换成另一种语言，其目的在于把源语（Source Language）的全部信息准确地转换成译入语(Target Language)，同时取得最大限度的等值效果。英汉两种语言属于不同的语系，两种语言的文字、词汇、语法以及表达方式都有着各自的形式和特点，在语言结构和表现手段上存在巨大差异。因此，在英汉翻译过程中，按照原文的词类对号入座地逐词对译，往往会使译文生硬别扭，带有“翻译腔”（translationese）。所以，有些情况下为了使译文更加符合汉语的表达习惯和规律，在忠实于原文的前提下，必须把词类适当地加以转换，才能使译文通顺自然，流畅得体。

词类转换（conversion）是翻译中常用的处理方法。词类转换指在翻译实际过程中，将源语的某类词转换成译入语的另一类词。（林煌天1998：104）词类的转换，目的在于超脱源语的语言形式，使译入语既能够忠实地传达原文的内容，又符合译入语的语法和修辞习惯。如在英汉、法汉翻译中，由于不同的语言在词汇的构成和使用习惯上都有很大的不同，进行逐词对译几乎是不可能完成的，因此，灵活地进行词类转换，就显得十分必要。从理论上讲，只要是出于表达的需要，任何的词类转换都是允许的。在英语的学习过程中，英语学习者被要求掌握把名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连接词、代词等词类分得清清楚楚的能力。这对于一个英语学习者来说，本该是一个长处，但在英汉翻译时过分强调词类的概念就可能成为译者的障碍。因为英汉翻译是英语和汉语两种语言之间的转换，在英语里可以用一个名词表达的概念，翻译成汉语也许可用一个动词来表达，也可能是可以并且只能用一个动词来表达。英汉翻译中的词类转换法就是把源语（Source Language）中的某种词类，转换成译入语(Target Language)中的另外一种词类来表达的翻译方法。英语词类的分类大体上可以分为10类，而汉语词类大体上可以分为12类。

英语词类

汉语词类 Noun

名词 Verb

动词 Adjective

形容词 Adverb

副词 Numeral

数词 Pronoun

代词

Preposition

介词（前置词）Conjunction

连词 Article

×× ×× 量词 ×× 助词 ×× 语气词 Interjection 叹词

在翻译实践中，使用词类转换这一翻译技巧和方法的目的主要是避免照搬原文结构而造成译文晦涩难懂，是译文语句流畅、清晰明确、合乎语法规范和语言习惯、便于理解。所以，译者应以忠实反映原文的内在实质为前提，以符合译入语语法规范和语言习惯为依据，具体问题具体分析，因地制宜的使用这种翻译方法。英汉翻译中常见的词类转换现象有:表示动词动作的名词,动名词,动宾结构转换成动词或形容词;介词转换成动词或副词;动词转换成名词或形容词;形容词转换为副词等等。

虽然在英语和汉语两种语言当中名词的使用量都是首屈一指的，但这两种语言在名词的使用上也保持了各自的特点。从语法结构角度来说，在通常被称为“结构语言”的英语当中，一个句子往往只有一个谓语动词，因此名词用的更多一些；而在通常被称为“逻辑英语”的汉语当中，一个句子往往可以连用几个动词或动词词组，因此动词用的更多一些。从构词法(Word Formation)上说，有相当数量的英语的名词是有动词派生而成的（例：settle→ settlement, retrieve→retrieval）,如同行词（例：research既是名词又是动词）或是同源词（例：sight和see）。基于上述原因，有许多英语名词在翻译过程中可以转换成汉语中的动词，翻译工作者可以根据具体文本和情况酌情处理实行灵活的词类转换。

英汉翻译也是存在动词转换为名词的过程。例：They have been victimized by the experiments.[译文]它们成了试验的牺牲品。其中，“victimize”是有名词victim派生而来的，因此在翻译过程中转换成了汉语中的名词，同时为了保持句子结构完整性，在译文中增补了相应的动词。这种现象从构词法的角度来说，是因为在英语历史的发展过程中，有着一定数量的动词是有名词派生或者转类而来的。在翻译这些词汇的过程中，翻译工作者往往难以找到相应的汉语动词，因此就有了把该种动词还原成名词的必要。

英语构词转类法与英汉翻译词类转化法的对比

语言是一个无限生成的系统，翻译的目的就是将原文的意思准确地在译入语中转达。按照美国翻译理论家奈达(Eugene A.Nida)的功能对等（functional equivalence）的观点(奈达，2003:14)，译入语要在语言的功能上与原文对等，而不是在语言的形式上和原文对应。在奈达看来，翻译就是要在译入语中以最自然的方式重现原文中的信息，首先是重现意义，然后才是风格(Nida 2003:12)。最好的翻译就是应该读起来不像翻译。要让原文（Source Language）和译入语(Target Language)对等，让译入语自然流畅，就必须突破原文语言结构对翻译工作者的束缚。也就是说，翻译所追求的并不是语言的对等，而是语言功能的对等。奈达的理论给让翻译事业走入了柳暗花明的境界。所以，翻译的过程就是原文信息传达的过程，只要能够真实地传达出原文的信息，是否注重语言词汇的词类变化也就显得不那么重要了。但是，对于两种语言在遣词造句方面的相似性和差异的深入认识，有助于翻译工作者准确地完成传达原文信息的使命。

英语构词的转类法与英汉翻译中的词类转化法都是语言现象。英语构词中的转类现象较为普遍，因而产生了相当数量的转类语；而在英汉翻译的中，适时地运用词类转化法可以生成自然的译文。两种转类法/词类转换法(conversion)都是根据句子和表达的需求，在不改变词汇的基本意义的基础上，不通过任何词形变化方式，选择需要的词性的方法。

当前研究存在的问题

在当前的研究中，对于英语构词法中的转类法(conversion)在各种教材和专著里有着较为详细的论述和说明；在各种教程、教科书和专著里对于英汉翻译中的词类转化法(conversion)也有详细的描述，但是对于两者的比较分析却凤毛麟角。很少有研究人员从词汇学角度探讨和研究了翻译中的词类转换。此外，对于翻译中的词类转换的理论基础描述也存在着一定的空白。

作者拟解决问题

英语构词中的转类法和英汉翻译中的转类法是否存在着一定的联系？翻译实践中是否应该考虑两种语言的构词特征，灵活地运用词类转换法？本选题研究对英语构词中的转类法与英汉翻译中的词类转换法进行对比分析，探寻两者的关系和特征。以期能够为英语学习者和翻译人员提供一定的参考和帮助。

参考文献：

[1] Bauer, Laurie.English Word-Formation [M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.[2] Dalgish, G.M.Webster’s Dictionary of American English [M].New York: Random House, 1997.[3] Nida, Eugene A.and Taber, Charles R.The Practice and Theory of Translation