12月大学英语四级阅读理解训练

12月大学英语四级阅读理解训练（共9篇）

1.12月大学英语四级阅读理解训练 篇一

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6月的四六级考试已经过去，正在准备四级考试的同学一定要把握好暑假的充裕时间，把四级的基础打好。其中的听力和阅读是最基础的部分，阅读占了总分的35%。下面来做一下阅读部分的训练吧~

Classified advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising.Such groupings as “Help Wanted”, “Real Estate”, “Lost and Found” are made, the rate charged being less than for display advertising.Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser.The reader who is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him.The advertisers may, on this account, use a very small advertisement if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper.It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper.He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs.As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely too much extent on display type to get the reader’s attention.Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type.With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the reader’s attention.In many cases, the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures.In that way, the classified advertisement has in reality advertisement.This is particularly true of real estate advertising?

1.All of the following facts are advantages of classified advertisement for advertisers EXCEPT that ____.A)classified advertisement charges less money

B)it is easier to attract the attention of the target consumers

C)it provides more information for the readers

D)it does not have to rely too much on display type

2.One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement is ____

A)houses for sale 在线学英语 体验请申请：

B)people who are asking for help

C)people who are lost

D)job vacancies

3.What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisement, according to the writer?

A)They are in the frame of mind to buy anything.B)They are looking for something they need.C)They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.D)They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements.4.According to the passage, in which way have the classified advertisements changed nowadays?

A)They depend more on display type.B)More money is charged for them.C)They are divided into more groups.D)They are less formal.5.Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance?

A)Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.B)Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.C)Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be small now.D)Because there are more advertisements now and more competition among advertisers.答案与解析：

1.C 在线学英语 体验请申请：

分类广告的优越性不包括为读者提供更多的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可看出，分类广告的优越性在于收费低、无需很多的展现形式，以及更易吸引对某类广告感兴趣的读者的注意力，因此A，B，D都正确。文中唯独没有提到C。

2.A

房地产业就是分类广告的其中一块。细节题。本题考察对“Real Estate”的理解，它的意思是“房地产”，故选项A 正确。

3.B

当读者看分类广告时，他们会搜索自己需要的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可知，读者在看分类广告时和看展示广告的注意力的模式是不一样的，他们会去浏览自己感兴趣的类别，查找所需信息。故选项B正确。

4.A

根据文章，分类广告更多地依赖展现形式。推断题。文章最后指出，由于竞争的加剧，分类广告商们不得不用大标题和图片来吸引读者的注意力。故选项A正确。

5.D

因为现在更多广告的投入和广告商之间的竞争日益加剧，所以分类广告不断变化形式。事实辨析题。文中指出，分类广告的变化是由于“With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the reader’s attention”，故选项D正确。

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2.12月大学英语四级阅读理解训练 篇二

1986年, 著名的法国学者Dan Sperber和英国学者Deirdre Wilson在《关联性:交际与认知》 (Relevance:Communication and Cognition) 一书中提出了“关联理论”[1]。该理论认为:人的认知以最大关联为准则, 而语言交际则以最佳关联为取向。每一种明示的交际行为都应设想为该交际行为本身具备最佳的关联性。任何一个交际行为都传递着最佳相关的假定或期待, 听者总是以最小的认知努力来获得最大的语境效果, 并以此推导说话者的交际意图。在语言交际过程中, 要确定说话者的会话含义, 听者需要寻找话语与语境之间的最佳关联, 也就是要找到对方话语同语境假设的最佳关联, 通过推理得出话语的隐含意义, 达到交际的目的。

按照国家教育部颁发的《大学英语教学大纲》 (修订本) 的要求听的能力是:对题材熟悉、句子结构不太复杂、基本上无生词、语速每分钟为130~150词的篇幅较长的会话、谈话、报道和讲座, 能掌握其中心大意, 抓住要点和有关细节, 领会讲话者的观点和态度。而大学生听力理解主要测试学生获取口头信息的能力, 要求学生能理解主旨大意, 能掌握重要事实和细节, 能推导出说话者的隐含意义、交际功能、观念、态度等, 也即通过听到的话语推导出隐形说话者的含义。

二、关联理论与听力教学

H.G.Widdowson[2]提出听力理解包括两层:听力理解意味着对句子意义的辨识, 即辨认出接收到的信号与有关语言的语音和语法系统之间的关系, 意识到它们构成句子, 而后获得句子的意义;听力理解是对句子在交际中的功能及其价值的一种认知活动。Rost[3]等学者提出了将关联理论应用到听力教学中, 可见听力理解的过程也是一个明示推理的过程。听者依据所听到的信息的基础上结合相关的语言文化情境推导出隐形说话者的意义, 在回答问题的时候推导出与问题最具关联性的答案。听力理解是在限定的时间内完成对录音的理解, 可见短时间内提高学生寻求最佳关联性的能力显得十分重要。

三、关联理论分析2013年12月英语四级考试第一套试卷[4]

传统听力教学都是教师讲解单词, 重复放录音, 对答案, 学生做了大量的练习听力仍然上不去。关联理论给听力教学的启示就是寻找关键词, 建构相关的语境信息进行推理, 完成对录音材料的理解。在实际指导学生的听力教学过程中, 可做到以下几点:

(一) 学会推理, 推导出说话者的言外之意

大学英语四级要求学生具有理解明确或隐含信息进而推理的能力, 常见的提问方式如短对话第2题what do we learn about the conversation?或第3题what does the woman imply about Jeff?者听了录音后会在大脑中构建相关的图式。F.C.Bartlett在《记忆》一书中指出, 图式是对过去经验的反映或对过去经验的积极组织, 是学习者记忆中的已有信息对新信息发生作用的过程, 即如何把新信息充实进学习者知识库中的过程[5]。当感官记忆触及某种概念信号时, 认知机制的记忆搜索功能就自动地在长期记忆中激活该图式的空位, 进而激活整个图式, 完成信息的处理。在听力理解的过程中, 学生最好先预读相关的选项在大脑中构建相关的图式, 在听到内容后就刺激大脑中存在的图式, 听到问题后就可以迅速判断哪个选项具有最佳关联性, 选出正确的答案后也是完成明示推理这一交际过程的理解。如:听力第二题的选项:

(A) They are on a long trip by car.

(B) They are stuck in a traffic jam.

(C) They are used to getting up early.

(D) They are tired of eating out at night.

选项均以they开头, 其中的on a long trip by car, a traffic jam, getting up early和eating out at night表明此对话可能与开车相关。

(二) 帮助学生建立动态的认知语境

关联理论认为在言语交际中, 听者对语境的假设是以概念表征的形式储存在大脑中, 用来处理新信息的认知语境。在听力过程中, 听者凭借逻辑信息、百科信息和词汇信息在认知语境中做出假设。这种方法对长对话和短文的理解效果显著。以第一则长对话为例:

9: (A) To look for a job as a salesperson

(B) To have a talk with Miss Thompson.

(C) To place an order for some products.

(D) To complain about a faulty appliance.

10. (A) The person in charge is not in the office.

(B) The supplies are out of stock for the momen.

(C) They failed to reach an agreement on the price.

(D) The company is re-cataloguing the item.

11. (A) 0743, 12536 extension 15.

(B) 0734, 38750 extension 15.

(C) 0734, 21653 extension 51.

(D) 0734, 62135 extension 51.

根据选项中place an order, salesperson, supplies are out of stock, price, re-cataloguing the items及11题的电话号码可预测出该对话是打电话订购的事。Sperber和Wilson认为, 对话语理解起重要作用的是建立在听话者的一系列假设基础上的认知语境, 因为听话者需利用一系列语境假设来处理由说话者的话语建立的新假设, 并从新旧假设的关系中推导出话语的含义。学生在看到选项后先建立一系列旧的语境假设, 再根据听到的内容建立新的假设, 其推理的过程就是从隐形说话者提供的新假设和已经处理过的旧假设中推导出说话者的含义。学生作为听者, 其任务就是正确理解听力材料, 努力获知其中的关联性, 推导出会话含义。

(三) 帮助学生拓宽认知语境, 提高听力理解能力

在上述长对话中, 9的问题是what is the man’s purpose in making the telephone call?通常来说, 打电话者会在打电话的开头时就表明打电话的目的或原因, 如果学生了解这一点, 选项后就是快速定位到答案为C。也就是说, 如果学生通过选项构建认知语境后, 再根据听到的内容和选项就能找出最具关联性的答案。

四、结语

综上所述, 关联理论是指导从认知的角度探索言语交际的总原则, 而听力理解过程是一个寻求意义、预测、推理和证实的过程。在听力教学中运用关联理论, 得出听力理解也是一次言语交际的构成, 也是一次寻求最佳关联以获得最大语境效果的过程。将关联理论模式引入大学英语四级听力中, 不但有理据可行, 而且实践意义也很大, 使得学生在预测过程中有效地建构自己的认知语境, 创造关联性的链接, 快速准确地调动学生捕捉最具关联性的信息, 使得听力效果得到显著的提高, 促进我国英语听力教学的发展。

摘要：关联理论认为听力理解的过程就是一个言语交际的过程, 为了提高学生的听力水平, 教师应重视培养学生运用此理论。本文以2013年12月英语四级考试第一套为例讨论如何在听力教学中引入关联理论, 使学生建立听力材料和已有知识之间的联系, 使学生充分利用认知语境、语境假设和最佳关联提高听力水平。

关键词：关联理论,听力,认知语境,最佳关联

参考文献

[1]Sperber, D.&Wilson, D.Relevance:Communication and Cognition[M].Oxford:Blackwell, 1986/1995.

[2]Windowson H.G.Teacing Language as Communication[M].London:Oxford University Press, 1978.

[3]Rost, M.Teaching and Researching Listening[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2005.

[4]王长喜.大学英语四级考试——王长喜点评历年真题[Z].北京:学苑出版社, 2014.

3.12月大学英语四级阅读理解训练 篇三

快读阅读

本次快速阅读的文章来自网絡，原文出自加州大学戴维斯分校(University of California, Davis)学生司法事务办公室(The Office of Student Judicial Affairs)的官方主页。文章论述的主题稍显严肃，内容有关正直与诚信，这一点从大标题“Why Integrity Matters”(为何正直与诚信很重要)便可看出。

快速阅读的特点是文章长、信息量大、答题时间短，但它并不要求考生将整篇文章都仔细读完，考生只要抓住主要内容和重点信息即可。然而，很多考生往往只关注细节，忽略了文章的主题，容易陷入“只见树木不见森林”的误区。很多时候，考生若能快速把握住文章主旨，又能深入到文章的细节处，那么答题的正确率会更高。下面笔者就结合本次考试来谈谈如何把握快速阅读文章主题，并对本次考试的题型设置作简要分析。

文章主题

首先，我们从文章主题谈起。本次快速阅读的文章既有大标题，也有小标题。包含小标题的文章在四、六级考试的快速阅读题目中占多数。那应该用何种方法来阅读含有小标题的文章呢？一般而言，包含小标题的阅读文章的结构和内容脉絡会比较清晰。笔者建议考生在遇到含有小标题的文章时，先不要忙着逐段阅读，而是先把全文的小标题迅速浏览一遍。这样做的好处非常明显。首先，浏览完各标题后，考生通常就能明确文章所讲的主题了。其次，小标题往往会成为某些题目定位答题区域的标志。这次四级快速阅读部分文章的大标题是“Why Integrity Matters”，第一个小标题是“What Is Integrity?”(什么是正直与诚信？)，最后一个小标题是“Why Integrity Matters”(为何正直与诚信很重要)，大小标题前后呼应。考生不用通读全文，只看小标题便可以推断出本文的主题为“Integrity matters”(正直与诚信很重要)。

另外，除了标题能够表明文章主旨外，文章开头或结尾部分常出现的主题句或总结句也能体现文章主旨。因此，笔者建议各位考生在浏览完大小标题后，再花一点时间把文章的开头段和结尾段快速通读一遍，不需要仔细阅读词句，只需大概把握开头或结尾段的主要内容即可。本次四级快速阅读文章的主题句正好出现在文章结尾段：“In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.”看到文章结尾处的“In sum”一词，考生应敏感地察觉到这便是文章的主题句所在。考生如果在通读全文之前，能够先浏览该段内容，便可轻松把握文章主题了。

题型设置

接下来，我们来看本次快速阅读题目的题型设置。本次题目的题型设置没有太大变化，选择题侧重于对细节的考查，填空题侧重于对名词的考查(快速阅读第9题和第10题)。填空题中稍难一点的是第8题，考查的是句式的转换。题目是这样的：“Cheaters at exams don’t care about their education; all they care about is how to _________.”该题所对应的文章原文为：“The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, ‘I’m not interested in what you’re trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others.’”从命题角度来看，原文的I其实指的就是题目中的cheaters (作弊者)，care about这一短语在题干和原文中都出现了，且形式一致，这样本题答案就显而易见地指向了原文中的stealing a grade。不过，题干中空格前出现的是不定式to，后面应该紧跟动词原形。所以，考生需要把stealing a grade改写为steal a grade。

深度阅读

本次的深度阅读包括一篇选词阅读和两篇传统阅读文章。选词阅读给出一篇含有十个空的文章，并给出15个单词作为选项，让考生从中选出符合文章的十个单词。传统阅读文章共两篇，每篇有五道题目。接下来，笔者就从文章主题和命题特点等方面进行具体分析。

选词阅读

这次选词阅读的文章主要谈论的是能源方面的问题。能源问题和环境问题是近些年来四级阅读考试中常见的文章题材，考生要多关注这两个话题所涉及的词汇，如本次选词阅读文章中出现的sustainable (可持续发展的)、energy (能源)、solar (太阳的，太阳能的)等。在以后的考试中，这类话题词汇可能会继续出现，所以考生在平时要多积累，加强记忆。

从命题角度来看，这次的选词阅读题难度不算太大，所考查的词汇基本都是常见词汇，没有难词，甚至有部分词是中学词汇，如included、growth、certainly等。所以，各位考生在备考四级阅读理解的过程中，应适当加强对基础词汇的识记。另外，命题人在选词阅读部分的出题思路并没有改变，依然侧重于对动词、名词和形容词的考查，而副词考得较少。因此，在背单词时，考生应重点关注动词和形容词，因为这两类词使用频率较高，且有些词用法较复杂。相比之下，名词则比较容易理解和记忆。

传统阅读第一篇

这次四级传统阅读第一篇主要谈论了单一性别的学校教育的优势，尤其是男校教育的优势，与传统观点所认为的男女合校教育的优势形成了对比。文章摘自《卫报》(The Guardian)，原文发表于2010年1月，标题为“Single-sex schools help boys to enjoy arts, says study”(研究表明男校更利于男生学习艺术)。

文章一开篇便点明了主题：“Boys’ schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.”接下来的几段引用了研究的内容和伊顿公学的校长Tony Little等人的观点，批评了传统的男女合校教育的不足，从反面论述了男女分开教育的优势，尤其强调了男校教育制度的好处，比如男校教育可以让男生更自由地表达情感，还可以让他们更自由地学习自己感兴趣的艺术、舞蹈、音乐等学科。另外，男校的教育更可以针对男生的身心发展特点而制定有针对性的学习计划等。

从题材上看，这篇文章反映了英美国家一些报刊作者的特点。他们喜欢标新立异，喜欢挑战传统观念，喜欢在反对大众观点的前提下提出个人独特的观点。遇到这样的文章，考生如果凭借常识答题，往往会掉入出题人设置的陷阱。所以，笔者建议各位考生在遇到类似文章时，一定要从文章本身入手，千万不要凭常识答题。从出题的角度来看，针对这篇文章所出题目的题型仍是以考查细节为主，与以往的命题思路相差不大，在此不再赘述。

传统阅读第二篇

这次四级传统阅读第二篇文章谈论的主题与日常生活相关，主要论述了金钱对夫妻关系的影响。文章摘自《卫报》，原文发表于2009年11月，标题为“Are money problems driving you apart?”(钱的问题是否让你们彼此产生距离？)

从考生反映的答题情况来看，这篇文章的难度较大。其实，文章内容并不算很难，实际上是题目偏难，有的题目需要根据文章主题或段落主题来进行判断，尤其是针对该文章所出的第二题：“What does the author mean by saying ‘money is known ... to bring a relationship to its knees’ (Line 1, Para. 2)?”该题问考生文章第二段的第一句话在文中是什么意思，即“money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees”这句话所表达的含义。该题的第一个难点是有些考生不知道句中短语bring ... to its knees (使⋯⋯屈服)的意思，所以不理解原文所要表达的内容。第二个难点是本题表面上问的是这句话的意思，实质上问的是本段的主题。本段内容主要论述了财物压力会伤害夫妻关系，尤其是本段后半部分的一句话更是直接揭示了段落主题：“A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples.”所以，本题的答案就显而易见了：“Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.”因此，笔者建议考生在遇到类似题目时，先把握住文章或段落主题之后再来分析选项，从而提高答题正确率。

4.12月大学英语四级考试阅读答案 篇四

12月19日全国大学英语四级已结束，本次考试为多题多卷，以下是2012月英语四级阅读答案：

试卷1 选词填空 答案

36 G) favorite

37 M) protest

38 B) amount

39 O) theories

40 I) immediately

41 D) crazy

42 F) differences

43 J) naturally

44 K) happening

45 C) rejected

试卷1 长篇阅读 答案

46 The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech. 对应I段

47 The author‘s mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay. 对应C段

48 A writer should polish his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection. 对应K段

49 Writers may experience periods of time in their life when they just can‘t produce anything. 对应E段

50 The author was not much surprised when his school teacher marked his essay as “flawless”. 都应B段

51 Criticizing someone‘s speech is said to be easier than coming up with a better one. 对应F段

5.12月英语四级阅读理解满分练习 篇五

2. patriarchy 族长制，家长制

3. chaste 贞洁的，高雅的

4. hierarchy 等级制

5. monarch 君主，最高统治

6. image 象征，反映

7. overtly 公开的，明显的

8. outpour 倾泻

9. sermon 布道，说教

10. tract 政治宗教，小册子传单

11. misogynist 反对妇女

12. shrewish 泼妇似的，爱骂街的

13. counterweight 抗衡

14. consort 配偶

15. masque 化装舞会

16. monolithic 铁板一样的，磐石般的

17. epistle 圣经新约中的使徒书

18. Galatians 新约圣经中加拉太书

6.12月大学英语四级阅读理解训练 篇六

从2016年6月的英语六级翻译真题中我们不难看出，英语六级翻译真题这两年真题方向多偏向于社会经济、文化等方面，日常复习中我们也要提前储备一些常考话题材料。下面文都网校小编为大家准备了英语六级翻译训练，希望考生可以参考~ 【小编说】要说在考场上被翻译难倒的遭遇，小编相信不少人都碰到过，无从下手的焦虑、似曾相识的无奈都是我们面对翻译题的常见反应。其实对翻译题来讲并没有秘诀，还是要多记忆多积累，尤其是社会热点问题都有可能成为它的命题来源哦。

话题材料：

请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

每种文化都有自己的行为准则，中国也不例外。在中国，跟别人打招呼时，你或者点个头，或者微微鞠个躬。握手也很常见，但你要等到中国朋友先伸手才可以。另外，与西方社会的做法截然相反，中国人不太喜欢被陌生人触碰。所以不 要轻易地触碰别人，除非你完全有这样的必要。最后一点，根据儒家思想(Confiicianism)的观点，老人在任何情况下都应该受到年轻人的尊敬。你应该总是以老人为先，并对他们表本最大的敬意。

参考译文:

Every culture has its rules on how to act，and China is no different.In China,to greet someone, you nod your head，or you bow slightly.Handshakes

http:///cet46/ motion.In addition，as opposed to those found in Western society，Chinese people do not enjoy being touched by strangers.Don’t touch someone unless you absolutely have to.Finally, from the perspective of Confucianism, the elders are to be respected in every situation by those who are younger.You should always acknowledge the elders first,and show the most respect to them.1.行为准则：有多种译法，如rules on how to act, rules of conduct或standard of behavior。

2.中国也不例外：可译为China is no different或China is no exception。

3.打招呼:即greet。

4.截然相反：可译为as opposed to。

5.在任何情况下：可使用短语in every situation表达。

6.以老人为先：可译为acknowledge the elders first。

7.12月大学英语四级阅读理解训练 篇七

虽然此次六级阅读理解部分仍然由快速阅读、简答题和仔细阅读三部分组成，但是出题者似乎传递了这样一个信息：弱化出题形式，简化解题过程。从解题思路来看，整个解题过程主要是解答选择题与填空题这两种出题形式。下面笔者就围绕这两种出题形式分析一下2010年12月六级阅读理解的命题特点。

选择题

解题思路

选择题是考生比较熟悉的一种出题形式，在本次六级阅读考试中，快速阅读的前七道题目和仔细阅读的题目采用的都是选择题的形式。选择题的解答过程清晰明了：阅读题干→找出题干中的关键词→根据关键词到原文中定位答案区域→精析答案区域→对比选项→得出答案。

例如2010年12月快速阅读第1题：In its 1994 report, the World Bank argued that the current pension system in most countries could ______.

A. not be sustained in the long term

B. further accelerate the ageing process

C. hardly halt the growth of population

D. help hide over the current ageing crisis

解析：首先，考生可从题干中找到如下关键词：1994、the World Bank、argued。然后，考生可根据这些关键词快速将答案区域定位至原文第一段的后半段：“By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled ‘Averting the Old Age Crisis’, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.”将此答题区域与选项进行对比，考生可以发现，A选项中的not be sustained是对原文中unsustainable的同义改写，两者都表示“难以为继的”。所以，A为正确选项。

再如2010年12月仔细阅读第52题：In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could ______.

A. solve virtually all existing problems

B. quicken the pace of industrialization

C. help raise people’s living standards

D. promote the nation’s social progress

解析：利用题干关键词in the early 20th century、Americans、believed、science and technology，考生可将答案区域快速定位至原文第一段：“In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem…. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific problems, but also reform politics, government, and business.”将此答题区域与选项对比后，考生会发现，B、C、D三个选项的内容在原文中并没有提及，只有选项A对原文内容进行了概括。同时，考生还会发现，选项A的solve virtually all existing problems是对原文solutions to almost every problem的同义改写。所以，A为正确选项。但由于选项A中的all属于表示绝对意义的单词，很多考生因受“凡是出现绝对词的选项多是错误选项”这一答题技巧的影响，在一开始就把这个选项判定为错误选项，从而痛失了宝贵的分数。其实，选项A中的virtually和all连用，表示“几乎所有”，严格来说，并不表示绝对概念。这就提醒考生，在做题时不能一味依赖答题技巧，回原文验证才是答题的根本。

解题技巧

1.如何排除干扰选项

干扰项的迷惑度是决定阅读理解选择题难度的一个重要因素。如果干扰选项的错误很明显，迷惑度就小；但如果干扰项的内容在文章中出现过，并与题干的问题有一定的关联，那就会对考生的选择形成一定的干扰。六级阅读理解中很多干扰选项都属于后者，在确认并排除这些干扰项时，考生要从多方面加以考虑，比如因果关系是否成立、动词概念是否变化、比较级是否发生转变、选项是否过度推导、主语是否偷换概念等。

例如2010年12月仔细阅读第54题：Why are American scholars worried about education today?

A. The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn. (编者注：STEM是“science, technology, engineering, and math”的缩写)

B. Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences.

C. America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.

D. There are not enough scholars in humanistic studies.

解析：根据题干信息，可将此题的答案区域定位至原文第二段：“There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership.”考生可以比较四个选项：A、D两个选项显然与原文内容不相关；选项B、C所述内容与原文相关，其中选项C中的is lagging behind与原文中的is falling behind意思一致，都表示“落后于……”，而选项B中的相关信息虽然与原文有重叠，但句中关键性的动词短语have overtaken (赶上)与原文中的seems to be seizing technological leadership (似乎正夺取技术方面的领先地位)相比，动词概念早已发生了变化。所以，C是正确选项。

2.如何解答无法定位的题目

选择题并非都可以利用题干关键词回到原文定位答案区域，有时候题干没有关键词，这时考生只能通过“依次而下”的原则回到原文划定一个宽泛的答题区域，通过理解该答题区域来解题。对于这种无法明确的题目，考生在解答过程中一定要学会在原文中“寻读”答案信息：(1)注意首尾句，以了解段落的主题及结论；(2)注意破折号、冒号等标点符号的解释、说明作用；(3)注意因果、递进、转折等逻辑关系。

例如2010年12月仔细阅读第56题：Why does the author attach so much importance to humanistic studies?

A. They promote the development of science and technology.

B. They help prepare students for their professional careers.

C. Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values.

D. Humanistic thinking helps cultivate students’ creativity.

解析：此题无法根据题干关键词回原文定位具体的答案信息，考生只能按照“依次而下”的原则(此题为该文章最后一道题目)将此题定位至文章最后两段中。考生在阅读宽泛的答题区域时，会发现文章最后一段的第一句话“It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world.”后出现了but，这说明but后面的“try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values”是作者传达信息的重心所在。通过细读和分析，考生会发现，C选项是对这句话内容的同义改写。所以，C为正确选项。

3.如何解答特殊题型

选择题除了考查细节题和推论题外，还会考查主旨题、态度题和猜词(句)题。这些题型与细节题、推论题有所不同，它们有自己独特的做题方法：主旨题一般需借助于文章开头和结尾来判断文章主旨；态度题通常需利用文章结尾判断作者观点；猜词(句)题主要是利用上下文的内容推测词(句)意。

填空题

解题思路

填空题要求考生根据文中的信息将句子补充完整。填空题的题干是一个残缺句，而所残缺的部分必定在原句中充当一定的句子成分。考生可以首先根据高中学过的“主－谓－宾”“主－系－表”等语法现象确定残缺部分在句子中充当的成分，在构造答案之前做到心中有数，然后返回原文，根据作者所提供的信息和上下文内容，用符合语法规则的形式填空。

如果考生想在六级阅读理解中做好填空题，需要按照如下三个步骤解题：一是分析题干，确认应填内容在句中充当的句子成分；二是利用题干关键词在文中定位答案的所在范围；三是结合题干，填入符合语法结构的成分，使句子完整，并在意义上忠实于原文。

例如2010年12月简答题第49题：According to the author, men who suppress their emotions may develop _________.

解析：通过分析题干，考生可以判断出题干句子缺少宾语。然后，考生利用关键词“suppress their emotions”可将答案区域定位至文中第二段：“First, suppressed emotions can contribute to stress-related disorders.”原文中的contribute to表示“导致”，其后引出的是结果；题干是在问压抑情感会带来什么问题，develop引出的也应是结果。所以，答案显然是stress-related disorders。

注意事项

在填空题的解题过程中，考生要特别注意一点，那就是所填答案必须符合语法规则，具体如下(编者注：因2010年12月六级阅读理解真题中没有适合下文语法原则(2)和(3)的例题，所以本文选取了2010年12月之前的真题来做讲解)：

1.所填单词的词性必须符合句子要求

2010年12月简答题第51题：When males get angry, they can become _______ or even commit violence.

解析：考生可根据题干信息将答案区域定位至“One emotion males are allowed to express is anger. Sometimes this anger translates into physical aggression or violence.”通过看原文，考生可以找到答案：aggression。但从语法的角度判断，become后面需填写一个形容词，所以答案应改写为aggressive。

2.答案中若出现人称代词，该人称代词必须和题干中的人称代词保持一致

2010年6月简答题第51题：The ninth-grader is advised to go to his teacher or the principal to _____.

解析：考生可根据题干信息将答案区域定位至原文最后一句：“And so your next step should be to discuss your concerns with your teacher or the principal.”通过看原文，考生可以找到答案：discuss your concerns。但是题干中的人称已经由原文的your转换成his，所以最终答案为discuss his concerns。

3.答案中若出现名词，考生需根据题干句子判断该名词是否需转换成复数形式

2007年6月快速阅读第6题：In the job market, job seekers need to know how to sell themselves like ______.

解析：考生可根据题干信息将答案区域定位至原文第三个小标题下面：“Miller suggests that once job seekers know who they are, they need to know how to sell themselves. ‘In the job market, you are a product.’”通过看原文，考生可以找到答案：a product。由于题干中相关信息已被转换成复数概念(job seekers、themselves)，所以答案也应该填写复数名词，即products.

8.12月英语四级长篇阅读真题答案 篇八

【长篇阅读】

Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Ban sugary drinks that will add fuel to the obesity war

[A] On a train last Thursday, I sat opposite a man who was so fat he filled more than one seat. He was pale and disfigured and looked sick to death, which he probably was: obesity(肥胖的)leads to many nasty ways of dying. Looking around the carriage, I saw quite a few people like him, including a couple of fatty children with swollen checks pressing against their eyes. These people are part of what is without exaggeration an epidemic(流行病)of obesity.

[B] But it is quite unnecessary: there is a simple idea- far from new- that could spare millions of such people a lifetime of chronic(长期的)ill health, and at the same time save the National Health Service(NHS)at least ￡14 billion a year in England and Wales. There would, you might think, be considerable public interest in it. This simple idea is that sugar is as good- or as bad- as poison and should be avoided. It is pure, white and deadly, as Professor John Yudkin described it 40 years ago in a revolutionary book of that name. The subtitle was How Sugar Is Killing Us.

[C] In its countless hidden forms, in ready meals, junk food and sweet drinks, sugar leads to addiction(瘾), to hormonal upsets to the appetite, to metabolic(新陈代谢的)malfunctions and obesity and from there to type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)and its many horrible complication. If people really grasped that, they would try to kick the habit, particularly as Britain is the “ fat man of Europe” . They might even feel driven to support government measures to prevent people from consuming this deadly stuff. Yet so far this idea has met little but resistance.

[D] It is not difficult to imagine the vested interests(既得利益集团)lined up against any sugar control- all the food and drink manufacturers, processors, promoters and retailers who make such easy pickings out of the magic powers of sugar. Then there are the liberals, with whom I would normally side, who protest that government regulation would be yet another instance of interference in our lives.

[E]That is true, but people should realize that you cannot have a welfare state without a nanny state(保姆国家), to some degree. If we are all to be responsible for one another’s health insurance, through socialized medicine, then we are all closely involved in one another’s health, including everyone’s eating and drinking. That has already been admitted, finally, with smoking. But it has yet to be admitted with overeating, even though one in four adults in this country is obese and that number is predicted to double by the year 2050.Quite apart from anything else, obesity will cripple the NHS.

[F]Recently, though, there have been signs that the medical establishment is trying to sound the alarm. Last month the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges(AMRC)published a report saying that obesity is the greatest public health issue affecting the UK and urging government to do something.

[G]The report offers 10 recommendations, of which the first is imposing a tax of 20 percent on sugary drinks for at least a year, on top of the existing 20 percent value-added tax. That at least would be an excellent start. The amounts of sugar in soft drinks are horrifying, and turn straight to fat. As Professor Terence Stephenson, head of the AMRC, has said, sugary soft drinks are “the ultimate bad food. You are just consuming neat sugar. Your body didn’t evolve to handle this kind of thing.”

[H]Precisely. The risks of eating too much fat or salt(which are very different)pale into insignificant compared with the harm done by sugar. And it is everywhere.

[I]It is difficult to buy anything in a supermarket, other than plain, unprepared meat, fish or vegetables, that doesn’t have a large amount of sugar in it. This has come about because the prevailing scientific views of the 1960s and 1970s ignored the evidence about sugar, and instead saw fat as the really serious risk, both to the heart and other organs, as well as the cause of obesity.

[J]The fashion was to avoid fat. But finding that food with much of its fat removed is not very appetizing, food producers turned to sugar as a magic alternative flavor enhancer, often in the forms of syrups(糖浆)that had recently been developed from corn, and put it generously into most prepared foods and soft drinks.

[K]This stuff is not just fattening. It is addictive. It interferes with the body’s metabolism, possibly via the activity of an appetite-controlling hormone. There’s plenty of evidence for this, for those who will accept the truth.

[L]Theoretically, people ought to make “healthy choices” and avoid overeating. But sugar additives are not easy to identify and are hard to avoid. So the snacking, over-drinking and over eating that makes people fat is not really their own fault: obesity is in large part something that is being done to them. It should be stopped, or rather the government should stop it.

[M]Going round my local supermarket, I am constantly astonished that it is still legal to sell all the poisons stacked high on the shelves. The problem is that they are worse than useless. They are poisonous. They are known to be addictive. They are known to make people obese. And giving small children sweet drinks or bottles of fake juice all day long is nothing less than child abuse.

[N]Clearly, the sale of such stuff ought to be illegal. I hate to think of yet more government regulation. But a bit of tax on sweet soda and a little more health education, a bit of cooking in schools and banning vending machines(自动售货机)here and there — as suggested try the AMRC report — is not going to achieve very much. Labelling is quite inadequate. What is needed is legislation banning high levels of sugary syrups used in foods and drinks.

[O]In June 2012, the then minister for public health said the government was not scared of the food industry and had not ruled out legislation, because of the costs of obesity to the NHS. However, nothing has happened yet. Why not have another Jammie Dodger biscuit and forget about it.

47 Avoiding over-consumption of sugar can improve people’s health as well as save medical expenses.

答案：B

48 Laws should be passed to make it illegal to produce overly sweet foods or drinks.

答案：N

49 Giving small children sweet juices to drink all the time is equal to child abuse.

答案：M

50 Looking around, the author found obesity quite widespread.

答案：A

51 The number of obese people is expected to increase quickly in the next few decades.

答案：E

52 If people really understood the horrible consequences of sugary foods and drinks, they would support government measures against sugar consumption.

答案：C

53 It would be a very good beginning wo improve an additional tax on sugary drinks.

答案：G

54 The government has not yet taken any action to regulate sugar consumption although it indicated its intention to do so some time ago.

答案：C

55 Sugar is far more harmful to health than fat and salt.

答案：H

56 Consumers of sweet foods are not really to blame because they cannot tell what food is sugary.

9.12月英语六级阅读辅导材料 篇九

One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in general.It soon became clear that we were not sure what we meant bysuch terms as thought and thinking.We tend to assume that human beings think,some more than others,though we often call people thoughtless or unthinking.Dreams cause a problem,partly because they usually happen outside our control.They are obviously some type of mental experience,but are they a type of thinking?And the question of nonhuman life forms adds further problems.Many of us would maintain that some of the higheranimals-dogs,cats,apes,and so on-are capable of at least basic thought,but what about fish and insects?If thinking is demonstrated by evident electrical activity in the brain,then many species are capable of thought.Once we have formulated clear ideas on what thought is in biological creatures,it will be easier to discuss the question of thought in artifacts(人工制品).And what is true of thought is also true of the many other mental processes.One of the immense benefits of a research is that we are being forced to scrutinize,with new rigor,the working of the human mind.

It is already clear that machines have superior mental abilities to many life forms.No fern or oak tree can play chess as well as even the simplest digital computer,nor can frogs weld car bodies as well as robots.It seems that,viewed in terms of intellect ,the computer should be set well above plants and most animals.Only the higher animals can compete with computers with regard to intellect and even then with diminishing success.

1.What did people think of the early computers?

2.According to the author,the early computers is__________________than human idiots.

3.As a result of speculating whether computer could think,we had to research more carefully to get_____________________.

4.Why do dreams cause the problem whether they are a type of thinking,according to the author?

5.What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the fern and the oak tree?

答案：

1.[They were called“high speed idiots”/They can calculate rapidly but are idiots.]

[定位]第1段第2、3句。

解析：此题有关人们对早期电子计算机的看法。从第1段第2、3句所提到的计算机的两个绰号“electronic brains”和“high speed idiots”可推理得出：人们对于当时出现的计算机其实是持嘲讽和轻蔑态度的，认为它们虽然运转速度快，但是很笨。

2.[less intelligent]

[定位]根据early computers查找到第1段最后一句。

解析：原文倒数第2句提到，即使是human idiot，也是最intelligent的生命形式。接着最后一句用if“假设”说明了早期的计算机并没有白痴的人聪明，由此可知题目应填入less intelligent。

3.[the idea of thought in general]

[定位]根据result of speculating查找到第2段第1句。

解析：题目中的前半部分是对原文主语的同义改写，主句中的had to research toget...相当于原文中的were forced toexamine...，因此examine后面的宾语就是答案所在。

4.[Because they usually happen outside our control./Because they are usually beyond our control.

[定位]根据dreams cause a problem查找到第2段第4句。

解析：原文提到Dreams cause a problem后即明确解释原因：partly because they usually happen outside our control，答案可以照搬原文，也可以用介词beyond进行同义改写。

5.[Machines have superior mental abilities to many life forms./Computers are more intelligent than plants and most animals.]

[定位]末段前三句。

解析：末段第2句提到的内容是支持该段首句和第3句观点的具体例子。这两句话的观点是相同的，说的都是“机器比很多生物具有更强的思考能力”。由此可见。可照搬首句中that引导的主语从句作为答案，也可以结合第3句作同义改写。

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