形容词加介词规律

2024-07-07

形容词加介词规律（通用5篇）

1.形容词加介词规律篇一

冠词

 不定冠词的用法及语法说明 1.用 a 还是用an：

一般说来，在辅音或半元音开头的词前用a, 而在元音开头的词前用an。注意：

有些以元音字母开头的单词，由于第一个音不是元音而是辅音，其前仍用a而不用an：

a one-eyed man 一个独眼人

a European country 一个欧洲国家

2.单数可数名词若泛指，其前需加 a，an, 不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉此不定冠词：

He is a famous film star.他是著名影星。

3.专有名词转化为普通名词，其前可用 a(an)，表示某某人或某某人的一部作品、艺术品等：

a Mr Smith 一位名叫史密斯先生的人

4.物质名词转化为普通名词，其前可以使用 a(an)，有时表示相应产品或种类，有时表示数量关系： a good wine 一种好酒

5.在序数词之前使用a(an)，可以表示数量或序数的增加： Soon I saw a second plane.不久我又看到了一架飞机。6.与形容词的最高级连用，表示“非常”、“很”等：

This is a almost interesting story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。

7.用于修饰名词的定语前，表示某种状态。此时的不定冠词含有类似 a kind of 的意思：

climate 气候→a mild climate 温和的气候

have breakfast 吃早餐→have a quick breakfast吃快餐

8.不定冠词a(an)与数词 one 都可表示“一”，但是两者有差别：不定冠词 a(an)表示“类别”概念，而数词 one 表示“数量”概念

9.两个单数可数名词连用表示一个整体时，只用一个冠词： He is a teacher and poet.他既是老师又是诗人。

10.与副词 quite / rather 连用时，a(an)一般要后置，但若其后的名词前有形容词修饰，则 a(an)放在 quite rather 之前或之后均可以：

He is rather a fool.他是个大傻瓜。

It is quite a good book.那是本很好的书。It is a quite good book.那是本很好的书。

11.当 too, so, as, how 等词之后接有“形容词＋单数可数名词”时，不定冠词 a(an)应放在形容词和单数可数名词之间 It is too difficult a book for us beginners.She is as good a cook as her mother.12.不定冠词可用来表示“类属”，这是其基本用法，它表明的是某一类属中的每一个人和东西都能说明该类属的整体情况。此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示。

正：A horse is a useful animal.正：Horses are useful animals. 定冠词的主要用法归纳

1.表示特指：特指某(些)人或某(些)物(包括用于上文提到过的人或物之前，以及说话双方都知道的人或物)。如：

We have a cat and two dogs.The cat is black and the dogs are white.2.表示独一无二：用在世界上“独一无二”的事物的名词前。如： The earth goes round the sun.3.用于最高级前：即用于形容词或副词的最高级前。Who picked the most apples? Of the four of us, I sang the worst.4.用于序数词或方位词之前。He was the first man to think of it.Italy is in the south of Europe.5.用于乐器名词前：表示相应乐器的演奏。如： Besides the violin, he plays the piano and the flute.。

6.表示人体部位：用于某些介词短语中指身体的某个部位。如： He patted me on the back.。

7.用于表示一家人：用于在姓氏的复数形式之前表示一家人或夫妇二人。如： The Smiths live in the apartment above ours.8.用于江河湖海等前：用于江河湖海、山脉群岛、海湾海峡等地理名词前。如： The Yellow River flows into the Yellow Sea.9.用于某些含有普通名词的专有名词前：用于某些国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等含有普通名词与其他词构成的专有名词。如： We visited the Great Wall yesterday.定冠词的五种特指&类别用法一，定冠词的五种特指

(1)特指前面已提到的人或物：

Look!A car has stopped there.The car is beautiful.(2)特指说话双方都知道或能体会到的人或物： Why not ask the teacher? Pass me the dictionary, please.(3)用于带后置定语的名词前，表示特定的人或物： I like the magazine on the desk.The supper her mother cooked was delicious.。

(4)用于比较级前，特指两个被比较对象中的一个： Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting.(5)用于加强特指含义，意为“正好是”、“刚好是”等(此时的定冠词需重读)This is the word to be used here.。二，定冠词的类别用法

(1).与单数可数名词连用表类别。

The cobra is dangerous.眼镜蛇是危险的。

定冠词和不定冠词与单数可数名词连用都可表示“类别”，有时可互换(此时用复数形式也是可能的)：

A horse is a useful animal./ The horse is a useful animal./ Horses are useful animals.【注】不定冠词表示类别时往往强调的是个体，主要起泛指作用，具有类似any的含义，如说A tiger can be dangerous(老虎是危险的)，其意是指任何一只老虎都是危险的。但是，若要表示某个类属的整体，即概括某个类属的所有成员，则不能用不定冠词，而用定冠词，如以下两例中的定冠词就不能换成不定冠词(但可用复数)： The tiger is [Tigers are] in danger of becoming extinct.The motor car has [Motor cars have] become very popular.。

另一方面，尽管可以用定冠词加单数可数名词来表示某一类人或物，但在很多情况下这种用法会让人造成误解或含义不清。如说Ａtiger can be dangerous(老虎是危险的)，其意是清楚的，若说成The tiger can be dangerous，则可能有歧义，即可理解为“老虎是危险的”或“这只老虎是危险的”。

概括地说，当要泛指某类人或物中的任何一个时，通常用不定冠词，若不产生歧义或误解，也可用定冠词；但是，当要概括某个类属的整体时，则只能用定冠词，不能用不定冠词。

(2).与某些形容词连用表示类别 ① 与表示特征、特性、品质等方面的形容词连用： He set up a school for the deaf and the dumb.Those of us who are sighted don’t understand the problems of the blind.【注】这类用法往往具有复数意义：

The rich are not always happier than the poor.The old are more likely to catch cold than the young.但若表抽象概念，则表单数意义：

The beautiful is not always the same as the good.② 与某些过去分词转化来的形容词连用： Times are hard for the unemployed.Many of the wounded died on their way to hospital.③ 与某些表国籍的形容词连用：

The French are famous for their cooking.法国人以善烹调著称。④与某些形容词连用表示抽象概念

One must learn to take the bad with the good.人必须学会好坏都能承受。【注】：“the+形容词”的语法特征 ①复数性：“the+形容词”表示一类具有某种特征或特性的人时，通常表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。如：

The injured were carried away on stretchers.用担架把受伤的人抬走了。

The old are more likely to catch cold than the young.老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。②单数性：“the+形容词”若表示抽象概念，则表示单数意义，用作主语时，谓语要用单数如：

The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.③单复性：有个别的“the+形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good 指“好人”时表复数意

义，指“善”时表单数意义；the accused 指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表复数意义。比较：

The accused was acquitted of the charge.被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)The accused were acquitted of the charge.被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人)④习惯性：有的表达带有一定的习惯性，如“病人”习惯说成 the sick，而不说 the ill；这类结构习惯上不用于-’s 所有格形式，若语义需要，可考虑用 of 所有格。如：正：He is interested in the problems of the poor.他对穷人的问题感兴趣。 零冠词的用法： 1 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one./ Whose purse is this? 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America.5 学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前 He likes playing football/chess.6 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train, by air, by land 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.名词

名词

 名词的种类：

专有名词普通名词国名.地名.人名，团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词

个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词  名词的数：

一、规则名词的复数形式：

名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves,加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, 5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, 6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes，不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos 两者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos 8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths，二、不规则名词复数：

英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)表示“某国人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen 合成名词将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches

将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants  名词的所有格：

名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。

1.’s所有格的构成：

单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo, 复数名词一般在末尾加’ the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, 不规则复数名词后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights，以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’ Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house 表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes

表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s Japan and America’s problems, 表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略 the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s 2.’s所有格的用法：

１表示时间 today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday ○2 表示自然现象 the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches ○3 表示国家城市等地方的名词 the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s ○industry 表示工作群体 the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory

○5 表示度量衡及价值 a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples ○6 与人类活动有特殊关系的名词 the life’s time, the play’s plot ○7 某些固定词组 a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)○ 5

3.of所有格的用法：

用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 代词：

一、代词可以分为以下七大类：人称代词主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 物主代词形容词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their 名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 4 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever 6 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 不定代词 one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little，other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either

二、不定代词用法注意点： 1.one, some与any: 1)one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。

One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.2)some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。

Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money? 3)some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4)some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。

There are some 3,000 students in this school.Do you feel any better today? 2.each和every: each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。

Each student has a pocket dictionary./ Each(of us)has a dictionary./ We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points./ Every one of us has strong and weak points.3.none和no：

no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are(is)afraid of difficulties.4.other和another:

1)other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way，the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如： He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2)another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如： I don’t like this shirt, please show me another(one).The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5.all和both, neither和either all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English./ Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers./ Not both of us are teachers./ Either of us is a teacher.形容词和副词

I.形容词：

1.形容词的位置：

1)形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody absent, everything possible 以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置 the only person awake 4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long 5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 2)复合形容词的构成：形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 6 名词+形容词 world-famous 2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词 peace-loving 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 8 名词+过去分词 snow-covered 4 副词+现在分词 hard-working 9 数词+名词+ed three-egged 5 副词+过去分词 newly-built 10 数词+名词 twenty-year II.副词

副词的分类：时间副词 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently 5 频度副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never 地点副词 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why 3 方式副词 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 7 连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile 程度副词 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 8 关系副词 when, where, why III.形容词和副词比较等级：

形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。

1.同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are.2.可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。

3.表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4.用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.5.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：

Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.6.表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。

介词

I.介词分类：简单介词 about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on 合成介词 inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without 3 短语介词 according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to 4 双重介词 from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 5 分词转化成的介词 considering(就而论), including 6 形容词转化成的介词 like, unlike, near, next, opposite II.常用介词区别：表示时间的in, on, at at表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关表示时间的since, from since 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始表示时间的in, after in指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中表示地理位置的in, on, to in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外表示“在…上”的on, in on只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分表示“穿过”的through, across through表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关表示“关于”的about, on about指涉及到，on指专门论述 between与among的区别 between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间 besides与except的区别 besides指“除了…还有再加上”，except指“除了，减去什么”，不放在句首表示“用”的in, with with表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音 as与like的区别 as意为“作为，以…地位或身份”，like为“象…一样”，指情形相似in与into区别 in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置

2.形容词加介词规律篇二

eager：渴望的She is eager for success enough：足够的There is food enough for everybody.famous：以……而闻名

Michael Jordan is famous for playing basketball.fit：适合的I think I am quite fit for this work.grateful(or to)：因……而感激

I am grateful for your assistance.I feel so grateful to the lady who helped me.qualified(or in)：能胜任的Jason is fully qualified for this difficult task.That team is qualified in all aspects.ready(or to)：准备好的Are you ready for some pleasure? The lioness crouched ready to strike.responsible：对……负责

He was directly responsible for the terrible order.sorry：对……感到遗憾

We are so sorry for wasting your time.sufficient：充足的I have saved an amount sufficient for my holiday.thankful(or to)：感谢的People should be thankful for the chances given them in life.I was thankful to be back safe and sound from an adventure I would never forget!valid：有效期为……

He did not catch the train on time because his ticket was valid for only one day.all night.familiar(or to)：与……熟悉

I am not really familiar with the traffic laws here.Pandas are familiar to us.patient：有耐心的Mr.Liu is always patient with his students.popular：为……所喜爱

Michael Jackson was very popular with many young people because of his voice and dances.afraid：害怕的I didn’t tell her the truth that she failed in the physics exam for I was afraid of upsetting her.ahead：在……前面

We must stay one step ahead of our competitors.aware：知道的We were aware of impending disaster.capable：有能力的He is really capable of overcoming any difficulty.careful(or with)：小心的Please be careful of spilling things on the carpet.Teachers advise us to be careful with our study.certain：确信的Inspectors were certain of explaining the mystery.conscious：意识到的Everyone should be well conscious of his or her shortcomings.envious：妒忌的He was envious of his brother’s success.fond：爱好的That man in grey is fond of fishing and hunting.guilty：有……罪的The court found the defendant guilty of murder.ignorant：不了解的Thousands of students leaving school are ignorant of even basic skills.independent：独立的，无关的You need learn to be independent of your parents.Sliding friction is independent of the area of surface in contact.jealous：妒忌的Some girls easily get jealous of other girls’ beauty.kind(or to)：对……和蔼

The new captain is kind of /to his men.north/south/east/west：在……的北/南/东/西面

angry(with sb;at sth)：(因某人或某事)生气的I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.She is often angry at the bad days.busy(or at)：忙于

Mr.Brown is rather busy with some important work now and cannot see you until later

I am busy at my homework.I’ll call back then.consistent：与……一致

This statement is not consistent with what you said earlier.content：对……满足

John seems content with sitting in front of the TV

A long time ago, there were so many trees and grass north/south/east/west of the hill.short：缺乏的Being short of experience, he failed in the contest.shy：顾虑的That made him shy of going out at night again.sure：肯定的I am sure of heavy rain in the afternoon.worthy：值得的Your achievements are worthy of admiration.close：接近的The population of the city is close to a million.contrary：与……相反

I found she in tears contrary to my expectation.cruel：对……残忍

None of us can stand people who are cruel to animals.dear：对……很重要

He has admitted that his money and goods are as dear to him as life itself.equal：与……相等

One centimeter is equal to 10 millimeters.faithful：忠于……

His translation managed to be faithful to the spirit of the original.fatal：对……致命

Chocolate can be fatal to dogs.harmful：对……有害

Drugs are harmful to people’s health.identical：与……相同

Someone with hand-writing identical to yours left them on your desk? indifferent：对……不关心

How can we be so indifferent to their sufferings? inferior：劣于……

Hitler believed that the Jews were inferior the Germans.liable：对……有义务

Everyone must be liable to the driving laws.new：对……没有经验

Though he was new to the work, he was doing it very well.obedient：对……服从

As a soldier, he must be obedient to orders.obvious：对……清楚

It was quite obvious to everyone that the train was late again.polite：对……有礼貌

It is not polite to interrupt a conversation.previous：先于……

I had collected material previous to writing.rude：对……粗暴无礼

Thomas, don’t be so rude to your parents!sensitive：对……敏感

Her reply showed that she was very sensitive to criticism.similar：与……相似

With underwater kick, your movement should be similar to a wave.useful：对……有用

Your advice might be useful to others in similar situations

reluctant：勉强的，不情愿的The workers are reluctant to be ordered around by the employers.accustomed：习惯于……

We have already got accustomed to living in an air-conditioned room

bad：不善于……

He was found that he was bad at acting.clever：擅长的Politicians are often clever at fudging the issue.efficient：能胜任的He is efficient at looking up words in reference books.expert(or in)：能熟练做……

This cook was an expert at making sauces.The Egyptians were expert in the working of stone.good：善于……

A versatile person is often good at a number of different things.indignant：对……感到愤慨

They are indignant at the increased prices.quick：很快的You can be quick at spying his faults.sad(or about)：因……而悲伤

Seen the report card, I felt extremely sad at heart.The sailors were sad about the death of captain.slow：对……迟钝

My old PC is slow at loading big programs.skillful(or in)：熟练的You will get more and more skillful at this job as you go along.After being instructed, they became very skillful in answering such questions.I’m doubtful about the value of your advice.He felt very doubtful of the result.enthusiastic：对……热心

He was enthusiastic about sports, for he was an extraordinary athlete.right(or in)：在……正确

Certainly!You are absolutely right about it.uneasy：对……感到不安

He felt uneasy about the results of the exam.away：距……远

The ship was sailing away from its home port.different：与……不同

Our school is very different from before.far：远离的Mr.Jones has to drive to work because his home is so far from the company he works for.safe：无危险的Under the cliffs, our soldiers are safe from attack.deficient：缺少的Worked for 26 hours, he was deficient in energy.fortunate：在……很幸运

He is rather fortunate in having a good job.honest：对……很诚实

He was honest in telling me all the facts.weak：在……薄弱

Mr.Gates had drunk too much and felt weak in his head and legs.dependent：依赖于……

Everything that a computer does is dependent on the man who uses it.intent：专心于……

Men’s minds were intent on other things while the earthquake was coming.keen：热心于……

He has always been keen on doing exercise.curious：对……好奇