语法复习八：动词时态和语态

语法复习八：动词时态和语态（精选6篇）

1.语法复习八：动词时态和语态 篇一

一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时

主动do/doesdidwill/shall dowould/should doam/is/are doing

被动am/is/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be doneam/is/are being done

过去进行时将来进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去完成时

主动was/were doingwill/shall be doinghave/has donehave/has been doinghad done

被动was/were being done----------have/has been done----------had been done

一、一般现在时

1、表示经常发生的习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：always,usually,seldom, sometimes, every day, now and then, once a week等。

2、表示眼下或目前等现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，这种状态带有一定的持续性。

3、表示客观事实或普遍真理。

4、书报的标题，故事的叙述，小说、戏剧、电影等情节介绍，图片的说明等。

5、时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作，只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come等动词。

6、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将来的动作。

注意：一般现在时可以用于定语从句或宾语从句中表示将来。

7、用在某些表达中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

Here comes the bus!How it rains!

二、一般过去时

1、表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系。常用的时间状语有：yesterday, last night, at that time等。

2、表示在过去某一段时间里反复出现的动作或状态，与现在没有关系。

3、用used to do或would do表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

4、有些情况发生的时间没清楚表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生的，属于过去时间，应使用过去时态。常见的有I didn’t know…或I forgot…等。

5、一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用。

三、一般将来时

1、will/shall do

(1)表示将来会出现的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：this evening, tomorrow, next week/month…,at the end of this term, in a few minutes等。

(2)表示将来经常发生的动作。

(3)表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势、倾向。

(4)表示说话过程中做出某种决定。

注意：条件状语从句中的will表示“决心，意愿”，此时will是情态动词表示意愿。

2、be going to do

(1)表示已经决定或安排要做的事。

(2)表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来将要发生的事。

3、be to do

(1)表示约定、计划或按职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。

(2)表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令。

(3)表示注定要发生的事情。

4、be about to do

(1)表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要，即将”。

(2)不可与表示具体的将来时间的副词或副词性短语连用，但可以同由as或when引导的时间状语从句连用。

5、某些动词的现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。

四、过去将来时

1、would/should do表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。通常用于其主句的谓语为过去时态的宾语从句中。

2、were/was to do 表示过去将来时间的安排，如果这个安排后来被取消，没有实现，则用was/were to have done表示。

五、现在进行时

1、表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。

2、表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。

3、有时可表示即将发生的动作(只限于go, come, stay, leave, start, begin, arrive, return, fly, drive等动词)，这时常有一个表示将来时间的状语。

4、常与always, forever, constantly, continually, all the time等时间副词连用，表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作，常表示不满、抱怨或赞赏等情感。

5、有些表示感觉、情感的动词不能用进行时，它们是：know, understand, love, like, hate, feel, desire, wish, want, refuse, remember, hear, see, have等， 这些动词一般不用进行时，通常用一般现在时态，表示说话时发生的动作。

六、过去进行时

1、表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间通常有时间状语(从句)或由上下文来表示。

2、表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。但说话时不一定正在进行。

3、表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，用于某些动词。(见现在进行时3)

4、与always, frequently等副词连用，表示感情色彩。

七、将来进行时

1、表示在将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作。

2、表示根据计划或安排在将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。此时一般有具体的时间状语。

3、表示将来某一时刻自然发生的事，而不是人为安排要做的事。

4、表示有礼貌地询问对方的打算，语气比较委婉。

八、现在完成时

用法意义

继续表示从过去继续到现在的动作或状态

经验表示过去某一时期到现在的经验

完成表示现在刚完成的动作

成果表示现在是“做了……”的结果

1、表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的状语有already, yet, just等。

2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，如today, this week, lately, recently, in the past few days, since, for a long time等。

注意：(1)非延续性动词在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

(2)此类动词在否定句中则可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。这类动词有：begin, leave, go, borrow, come, return, born, die, buy, arrive。

3、在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。

4、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时：表示某一已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能喝表示过去的时间状语连用。

一般过去时：只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系。它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。

九、现在完成进行时

1、表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续进行。

2、重复的动作表示感情色彩。表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作。

3、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别

(1)表示动作已完成，着重结果;现在完成进行时表示动作的进行，强调动作的持续性。

(2)状态动词、知觉动词或情态动词如：see, feel, know, love等，不用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。

十、过去完成时

1、表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。

----|-----------|----------|-------->

过去 完成过去 现在

注意：在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，若两个动作紧接着发生，则不需用过去完成时，尤其是在含有before和after的复合句中，常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

2、表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/ planned/ meant/ intended/ thought/ wanted/ expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式表示即：hoped/ planned…+to do。

3、过去完成时用于hardly…when, no sooner…than等固定句型中。

十一、不能用被动语态的情况

1、there be 结构及所有的不及物动词或词组充当谓语时，无被动语态。

2、系动词无被动语态。

3、一些表示状态的及物动词，如cost, have, own, possess等不能用被动语态。

4、表示“希望、意图”的动词，如wish, want, hope, like, love,hate等不能变被动语态。

5、当及物动词leave, enter, reach等的宾语是表示地点和处所(包括组织、团体、军队、国家等)的名词时，不可变为被动语态。

十二、主动形式表被动意义

1、某些动词形式上主动，但含有被动意思，往往表示主语本身的性质，而且主语应该是事物。

2、在“have+宾语+to do”结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时，不定式用主动语态，否则用被动语态。

3、在“be+形容词+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。

4、在某些词组中，用动词的主动形式表被动。

(1)be worth doing

(2)want, require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。

(3)with复合结构

十三、被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况

be seated(坐着)， be hidden(躲藏)，be lost(迷路)，be drunk(喝醉)，be dressed(穿着)

时态语态的做题技巧和方法问题

一、汉语中的“时态语态”

学英语之所以学习语法是因为语法是语言表达的方法，中西文化差巨大，在语言上也能很明显看出这一点，汉语的动作发生的时间在动词上体现不明显，通常加上时间状语才能更清楚地体现该动作出现的具体时间。而英语不同的是，这种语言的时态和语态完全体现在谓语动词上，而且时间分的比较精细。不仅涉及到“时”还搭配“体”。汉语在这方面的表达上就不会如此复杂。因此，这种差异出现在不同的语言文化中确实难倒了不少中国学生。

二、常见题型

时态语态常出现在的题型有：(1)单项选择(如，北京卷、天津卷、江苏卷等);(2)语法填空(如，全国一卷、全国二卷、全国三卷等)。

三、揭秘解题小技巧

(1)判断语态

相对于时态而言，语态更好判断一些。英语中的语态共两种：主动语态和被动语态。多数题型是四个选项中主动语态和被动语态各占一半，如果首先判断出语态，排除了主动语态的选项或含有被动语态的选项，那么该题目的正确率可以达到50%。另外，通过语义表达，学生是不难判断出该句子的主语发出的动作表达的是主动含义还是被动含义。

(2)看时间状语或标志词

不同的时态对应的时间状语是不同的。例如：

1、一般现在时的时间状语有：表频率的时间状语(频度副词或介词短语);

2、一般过去时的时间状语有：last week; a moment ago; in 1980; yesterday等等表过去的某时间;

3、一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow， next year，next week， two days later等等表将来的时间;

4、现在完成时的时间状语有：so far， up to now，for+时间段， since+时间点，over/in the past/last few years/months…等等;

5、过去完成时的时间状语有：before+过去的时间， by+过去的时间等;

6、现在进行时的时间状语有：now， at the moment等;

7、过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday， at 8：00 this morning等过去某一时间点。

8、将来完成时的时间状语有：by+将来的时间;

9、将来进行时的时间状语有：at 10：00 tomorrow， at this moment this evening等表将来具体的时间。

记住和不同时态一起搭配的时间状语，有助于我们提高做题的正确率。而有时候，题目中并未出现相关的时间状语，不过一些标志性的词也可以提示我们选对相应的时态。如：look， listen出现在现在进行时，already，yet常用于完成时态。

(3)看复合句中的其他句子的谓语动词

比较该动词和要填的动词发生的时间先后，可以判断出要填的谓语动词是发生在现在、将来、过去，还是过去的过去等等。如：

1、 I had breakfast before Ibrushed my teeth.

2、 He said he would go abroad.

(4)固定句型

1、This/It is/was the first/second…that从句，从句用现在完成时或过去完成时;

2、hardly/rarely/scarcely+过去完成时+when+一般过去时;

3、no sooner+过去完成时+than+一般过去时;

4、While引导的句子用一般时或进行时;when引导的句子用一般时。

(5)语法归纳

1、在时间、条件和让步状语从句中用主将从现(主句用将来时，从句用现在时);主情从现(主句出现情态动词，从句用现在时);主祈从现(主句是祈使句，从句用现在时);

2、含有宾语从句的复合句，时态的归纳。主过从必过(主句时态是过去时，从句时态也用过去的某种时态);主现从不限(主句时态是现在时，从句时态没有限制);真理永不变(客观事实和普遍真理宾语从句永远用一般现在时)。

2.动词的时态和语态 篇二

我一决定就打电话告诉你们。

2. The article warns that British children by a junk culture of processed food, computer games and over-competitive education. (poison)

该文章警告说，英国的儿童正受到加工食品、电脑游戏和竞争过于激烈的教育构成的“垃圾文化”的毒害。

3. With the approach of the summer vacation, I what great activities I can have with my family. (think)

随着暑假的来临，我这几天一直在想能跟家人一起参加一些什么活动。

4. His words have cleared our guess that his plan . (turn)

他的话消除了我们以为他的计划被拒绝了这一猜测。

5. It’s only when you have lost something that how much you value it. (realize)

只有当你失去了某样东西时，你才会意识到你多么珍惜它。

6. As the local newspaper reported, poor safety measures for the fire. (blame)

正如当地报纸的报道，糟糕的安全措施对这次火灾难辞其咎。

7. The two cats at the rescue center have become so close to each other that they . (look)

动物救援中心的这两只猫变得亲密无间，看起来就像姐妹俩。

8. A group of scientists ， baby-sized robots to accompany the old at home alone. (develop)

一群科学家正在开发婴儿大小的机器人来陪伴独自在家的老人。

9. I still remember the first time we met three months ago, when you a job. (apply)

我还记得三个月前我们第一次见面的情形，当时你在找工作。

10. I the traffic jam for a complete two hours, or I wouldn’t have been late for the meeting. (catch)

我遇到堵车被困了整整两个小时，不然我就不会开会迟到了。

11. After he consulted with the doctor he to quit smoking. (make)

他在咨询了医生之后才下定决心戒烟。

12. The government gave timely help to those whose homes by the earthquake. (damage)

政府给家园被地震毁灭的人们及时提供了帮助。

13. My train for Wuhan is delayed because of the storm, and the show ， by the time I arrive. (start)

我去武汉的火车因为大雨而晚点了，等我到武汉的时候，我要看的演出已经开始了。

14. You can pick me up at my house at 7:30 pm. I for you at that time. (wait)

你可以晚上7点半来接我，到那会我就在这里等你。

15. I have arrived at the hotel, and ， soon. (check)

我已经到了旅馆，马上就要登记住宿了。

16. A recent survey reveals the number of people who shop in stores in the last two years, while a number of people are shopping online. (decrease)

最近一项调查表明，过去两年里，在商店购物的人数一直在减少，很多人都在网购。

17. Tell me the answer please; I ， this question for weeks. (puzzle)

请告诉我答案吧，这个问题已经困扰了我几个星期了。

18. According to the spokesman, the case and it won’t be long before the final report comes out. (look)

按照这个发言人的说法，该起案件正在调查中，最终的报告不久将会出来。

19. Through the experiment we did yesterday, we got to know that light sound. (travel)

通过昨天我们做的实验我们知道光比声音传播得快。

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20. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house .(decorate)

他们目前跟父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子在装修。

21. All my efforts that improving my teaching methods have proved rewarding. (devote)

我致力于改进教学方式，事实证明那些努力没有白费。

22. According to the report, four Chinese students on Friday when they were swimming in a sea in Egypt. (drown)

根据该报道，4名中国学生在埃及的一个大海里游泳的时候溺水身亡。

23. They do not know if this , but a study has found that spending more time at school may increase intelligence. (apply)

他们不知道这个规律是否适用于所有孩子，但一项研究发现，在学校待的时间越长就越可能会提高智商。

24. Many old time memories ， when we had a conversation that evening. (call)

那天晚上我们交谈的时候，很多旧时的记忆都被唤起了。

25. Concentrate on your study, and . (great)

如果你一门心思地学习，你就会取得更大的进步。

26. Local residents at major banks since morning yesterday to get their hands on 5-yuan commemorative coins issued by the People’s Bank of China. (queue)

昨日中国人民银行发行纪念版五元硬币，自清晨便有居民人在当地各大银行排队等候购买。

27. By the time he finally arrived, I in the rain for fifteen minutes. (wait)

等他终于姗姗来迟的时候，我已经在雨中等了15分钟了。

28. I’m afraid I the lecture. I want to attend it, but I’m busy preparing for a job interview. (miss)

恐怕我会错过这个讲座了，我想去听，但要忙着准备面试。

29. The majority of employers ， wages in reaction to the economic crisis. (plan)

大多数雇主都在计划削减薪水以应对经济危机。

30. Her last book sold five million copies and it’s hoped that this one . (receive)

她的上一本书卖了5百万册，希望这本书会更受欢迎。

31. It was a long time before ， the scene of the accident. (hurry)

过了好长时间，警察才赶到事故现场。

32. You’d better cut your hair short. Our school students’ keeping long hair. (approve)

你最好把头发剪一下。学校不允许学生留长发。

33. It seemed that the boy ， and didn’t show any interest in what the teacher was saying. (make)

看来那个男孩是被迫学习的，他对老师讲的课不感兴趣。

34. It was reported that the fire had burned for quite some time before it . (bring)

据报道，大火烧了好长时间才被控制住。

35. We very early so we packed the night before. (leave)

我们很早就要出发，所以头天晚上就装好行李了。

36. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ， at school. (leave)

鲍勃打电话告诉他母亲，他把钥匙留在学校了，无法进屋。

37. It is getting hotter and hotter here. I hope the change of climate . (upset)

天越来越热，希望这气候的变化不会让你觉得烦。

38. By the time you have finished this book, your meal . (get)

等你看完这本书的时候，饭菜就冷了。

39. Mr Smith works in our company, but he today, as he’s on a sick leave. (work)

史密斯先生在我们公司工作，但他今天没上班，请病假了。

40. The coal miners in the coal mine for 10 hours before we came to their rescue. (trap)

我们去救这些矿工时他们已经被困在煤矿有10个小时了。

41. I didn’t realize that it ， until I went to the door. (rain)

走到门口我才意识到正在下雨。

42. One moment, please. I the report for the manager and it won’t take long. (finish)

请等一会儿。我给经理的报告快完工了，只需要一会儿。

3.高二英语语法之动词的时态及语态 篇三

I.单句语法填空

1.More efforts, as reported, __________________(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply side structure reform(2016高考江苏卷）

2.Jack __________________(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016高考北京卷）

3.Dashan, who ___________________(learn)crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.(2016高考江苏卷）

4.I _________________(read)half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.(2016高考北京卷）

5.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _______________________(reward)with success in the end.(2016高考北京卷）6.Silk _____________________(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.(2016年高考浙江卷）

7.Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it ________________(pass)and is beyond our control.8.--I am really struck by your spoken English.You speak so fluently.Have you been abroad?

--Yes.I ______________(stay)in London for two years.9.--Do you think I’m a good surfer?

--Of course!I ________________(watch)you earlier.You made it look so easy, graceful even.10.Around two o’clock every night, Jill will start talking in her dream.It somewhat _______________(bother)us.II.单句改错

1.He was hoping to go abroad but his parents decided that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.2.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people be persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.3.I was staying with my uncle and aunt because my parents have gone abroad for a holiday.4.According to the art dealer, the painting is expecting to go for at least a million dollars.5.The high standard of the nation’s literature and art has been attracted widespread attention.6.It was ten years since we have had such a wonderful time.7.Last summer I take a part-time job in the International Camp for children.8.I’ll send my friend Li Dong to meet you at the airport when you arrived.9.It has been two weeks since we graduate from middle school.10.Action should taken to protect our environment.参考答案：

I.1.will be made

2.was working

3.has been learning

4.have read

5.will be rewarded

6.had become

7.has passed

8.stayed

9.was watching bothers

II.1.decided 前加have

2.be----are

3.was--am

4.expecting---expected

5.去掉been

6.have----had

7.take---took

8.arrived---arrive

9.graduate---graduated

4.动词的时态和语态 篇四

动词的时态 --- 基本概念

1. 一般现在时

例句1 --- You’re drinking too much.

--- Only at home. No one ___ me but you.

A. is seeing B. has seen C. sees D. saw

正确选项为C, 说话人此时指目前一个经常性的行为。

例句2 I bought a radio here yesterday, but it ______ work.

A. didn’t B. doesn’t C. won’t D. can’t

正确选项为B, 说话人此时强调的不是动作发生的时间，而是东西的性质，即收音机的质量不好。

基本概念: 指经常性的行为或强调东西的特性，而忽略时间概念。

特殊用法: 主句为一般将来时，状语从句要用一般现在时(如强调动作的结果，可用现在完成时)。

例句1 I’ll tell him when he comes back.

2 We’ll go out if we are free tomorrow.

3 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.

4. Please tell me as soon as you have finished it.

(注意：主句是祈使句时，动作还没有发生，因此看成一般将来时。)

2. 一般将来时

基本形式:

A. will (shall) do B. be going to do

两种形式有时可以互换，但A 更强调意愿;B更强调计划和安排。

例句1 --- You’ve left the light on.

--- Oh, so I have. I’ll go and turn it off.

2 I’m going to fly to Shanghai tomorrow.

其它可表将来时的形式

1) 表运动动词 ( come; go; leave; arrive, …) 的进行时--- 表计划或安排

* He’s arriving tomorrow.

2) be to do --- 表计划或安排

* We are to meet at the station at six tonight.

3) be about to do … --- “… 马上就要…”

* The train is about to leave.

be about to do … when… --- “ 正要… 突然…”

* He was about to leave when the telephone rang. (此句为过去将来时。)

3. 一般过去时和现在完成时

以上两种时态是时态部分难点，首先，为什么要将这两种时态放在一起讨论?

例句：1. Who put forward the suggestion?

2. When did he leave?

3. She often came to help us. (他过去常来帮我们。)

4. I didn’t know you were so busy. (我没想到你这么忙。)

以上各句中用的都是一般过去时，显然，说话的人是强调过去某时发生的动作或情况。

5. How many pages have you covered today?

6. I haven’t seen him for many days.

7. I’ve always walked to work.

8. The students have already left.

9. The city has taken on a new look.

10. Thank you. I’ve had my supper.

以上各句用的都是现在完成时，可以看出，与一般过去时一样，现在完成时所表示的动作也是发生在过去(说话以前)，但它强调的是：

1)动作从过去持续到说话这一时刻(例5---7)

2)过去的动作对现状有某种影响(例8---10)，说话人强调的是现在如何。

注意在现在完成时的第一种用法中，时间状语常用for…; since…短语(从句)

如：We haven’t seen each other for many years./ since he left 10 years ago.

此时(主句)谓语动词不能用非延续性动词。如：

* He has left home for many years.(错误)

* He has been away from home for many years. (正确)

* He has died since 1990. (错误)

* He has been dead since 1990.(正确)

两种时态的比较练习:

1. --- Where __you __ (put) the book? I can’t see it anywhere.

--- I ___(put) it right here. But now it’s gone.

A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put

2. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?

A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened

3. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here?

A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you

C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been

4. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to.

A. finished; were B. have finished; are

C. have finished; were D. had finished; were

5. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.

A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found

6. When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each.

A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten

C. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten

Key:

1. B 前者强调的是 I can’t find it anywhere (now), 因此用现在完成时;后者强调的是I put it right here(just now).

2. C 说话者强调Jane 目前的状况.

3. D didn’t know 强调见面前原不知道.

4. C 全句含义为 “我们现在已经比预期的(强调过去)提前完成任务( 强调现在).

5. D 为被动语态的现在完成时, 强调that 从句的内容现在已被发现,为人所知.

6. B 注意when I was at college 是指过去的某一时间,动词应用一般过去时; I have forgotten 是指现在的情况.

4. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时

I’ve been sitting here all afternoon.

现在完成进行时强调动作从过去持续到现在,而且目前还在进行。

这里需要注意两点：

1)有少数动词(如：work, study, live, teach等)用现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意思是无大的区别的， 如：

* They have lived / have been living here all their lives.

* She has worked / has been working here for eight years.

在强调动作延续时间的长久时，用现在完成进行时更多些, 如：

2)大多数动词现在完成时强调动作的结果;现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，

* I’ve been writing an article. (还在写)

* I’ve written an article. (已完成)

练习：

1. --- Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “

--- I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.

A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted

2. --- Have you had any letters from him?

--- No, I haven’t, but my wife _______ him regularly .

A. has heard from B. has been hearing from

C. had heard from D. hears

Key: 1. C (强调动作从过去到现在的延续，而非动作的结果)

2. B ( 非强调结果，A错;不是指目前一般的情况，D错;是指从过去延续到现在的情况，故B对。)

动词的时态和语态(2) 动词的时态 --- 基本概念 5. 现在进行时和过去进行时 基本概念: 指目前(一点或一段时间) / 过去(一点或一段时间)正在发生的动作. 例句 1. I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come (正确选项 C, 指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时.) 2. --- When shall we leave? --- As soon as I ______ what I _______. A. will finish; do B. have finished, am doing C. finish, will do D. finish, do (正确选项B, as soon as 从句前省略了主句, 时间状语从句中动词强调将来的结果用现在完成时; what I am dong 指目前正在做的事.) 3. At that time he _____ in the library. A. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work (正确选项C, was working 指 at that time 正在发生的行为.) 4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____in the office. A. were working; had left B. worked; left C. had worked; left D. were working; would leave (正确选项A, 句中went 是说话人给定的时间, work 和leave发生的时间都要看它们与went 的时间关系, work 与went动作同时发生, 强调正在做,用过去进行时; leave 在went之前发生, 应用过去完成时.) 5. --- Hey, look where you are going! --- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______. A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing. C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice. E. I didn’t notice. F. I won’t notice. (正确选项B, 对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情.) 6. 一般过去时和过去进行时 比较下列句子： * I wrote a letter yesterday. (信写完了) * I was writing a letter yesterday. (一直在写信，但不一定写完了) * I was writing a letter when he came in. (他进来时，我正在写) 从以上例句可以看出，一般过去时常常用来表示过去的一个有结果的动作，而过去进行时1)强调动作在某一时刻正在发生2)动作在过去一段时间内一直在发生，无论哪一种情况都不强调动作的结果。再如： *He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish 正确选项为B. 从I don’t know if he has finished it. 推断，他去年正在写。 * Tom ________ into the house when no one ___________. A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed 正确选项为A. slip和notice 为同时发生的动作，因此B、C为错误选项，slipped指过去有结果的动作(他溜进去了)，when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况(没有人注意)。 * As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell was reading; was falling D. read; fell 正确选项为B(道理同上)。 * The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields. A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking 正确选项为D(道理同上)。 7. 过去完成时 基本概念: A) 表过去某一时间以前有结果的行为 * She said she had seen the film. 这里需要注意的是，had seen 一定是发生在said之前的行为，而不是之后。 再如： * The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 正确选项为A, 因为died是发生在had been sent to hospital之后而不是之前的行为;died 是站在现在时间角度看过去，是强调过去发生了的事情，而不是强调现在如何，因此D错，B错(过去将来时是站在过去的时间角度看过去的将来)。 * Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 正确选项为A(道理同上)。 B) 表延续到过去某一时间的行为 * She said she had been a doctor for 20 years. C) 表过去某一时间以前未曾实现的愿望或打算 * I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 正确选项为B。 * I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 正确选项为C。 8. 过去将来时 基本概念: 表过去某一时间之后将要发生的行为(过去的将来)。 * We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left

正确选项为B。

* She said she ___(leave) the next morning.

答案可以是：A. would leave B. was leaving C. was going to leave

由此可以看出, 我们在一般将来时中讨论的将来时的多种形式均可灵活地运用于过去将来时中。

9. 将来完成时

基本概念:

在讨论了现在完成时和过去完成时之后，我们应该认识到：完成时的概念其实就是两条1)表结果 2)表延续 ，站在现在时间角度看，就是现在完成时;时间移到过去就是过去完成是;时间移至将来就是将来完成时，因此，将来完成时

A) 表到将来某一时间前要完成的行为

* By the end of 2000 they will have built the factory.

* We will have finished the work before she arrives tonight.

B) 表延续到将来某一时间的行为

* I will have been a teacher for 20 years by the end of next year.

动词的被动语态

以上我们讨论了动词主动语态的各种时态，与主动语态一样，被动语态也有相同的各种时态。因此，我们只要关注被动语态的某些特殊用法就可以了。

被动语态的某些特殊用法

A. 有些及物动词有时形式上为主动, 表达主语的特性或特征

* The kind of cloth washes well.

* The book sells / writes well.

* Your hands feel cold.

动词的时态和语态(3) --- 基本概念检测

(动词的时态和语态)

Choose the right answer

1. They _____ friends since they met in Shanghai.

A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have had

2. The secretary is going to report to the manager as soon as he ______.

A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving

3. We all know that ice ______.

A. feel cold B. is felt sold C. is feeling cold D. feels cold

4. ---This cloth _____ well and _____ long.

--- OK. I’ll take it.

A. washes ; lasts B. is washed; lasted

C. washes, is lasted D. is washing, lasting

5. ---Is this raincoat yours?

--- No, mine ______ there behind the door.

A. is hanging B. hangs C. has been hanged D. hung

6. Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.

A. has left; comes B. left; had come

C. had left; came D. had left; would come

7. It _____ every day so far this week.

A. is raining B. rained C. rains D. has been raining

8. In ancient days (古代)the earth ______ to be flat.

A. is believed B. was believed C. has believed D. believed

9. --- Are you going to the movies tonight?

--- Yes, I ______ my work by that time.

A. will finish B. finish C. am going to finish D. will have finished

10. --- Was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in Mexico last summer?

--- No, it _____ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.

A. was raining B. would be raining C. had been raining D. has rained

11. However much _____, it will be worth it

A. does the watch cost B. costs the watch

C. the watch will cost D. the watch costs

12. If the dog wins tomorrow, he _____ sixteen races in the past three years.

A. has won B. will win C. will have won D. would have won

13. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _______.

A. finish what I did B. finished what I did

C. would finish what I was doing D. finished what I was doing

14. You won’t know if the coat fits you until you _____ it on.

A. will try B. are trying C. tried D. have tried

15. My dictionary _______, I have looked for it everywhere but still _______.

A. has lost; don’t find B. is missing; don’t find

C. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing; haven’t found

16. --- How long ______ each other before they _____ married?

--- For about a year.

A. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to get

C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got

17. --- Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.

--- Oh, how nice of you. I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.

A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going

C. didn’t think; are going D. hadn’t thought; were going

18. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _______ for almost an hour.

A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away

19 --- I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

--- Oh, not at all. I ______ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will

20. The police found that the house _______ and s lot of things ______.

A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen

C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen

21. --- Have you moved into the house?

--- Not yet. The rooms ________.

A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting

22. If the city noises _______ from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard at the dinner table 20 years from now.

A. are not kept ; will have to B. are not kept; have to

C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep, have to

23. --- ________ the sports meet might be put off.

--- Yes, it all depends on the weather.

A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I was told

24. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

25. I don’t think Jim saw me; he ______ into space.

A. just stared (凝视) B. was just staring

C. has just stared D. had just stared

26. --- _______ my glasses?

--- Yes, I _______ them on your bed a minute ago.

A. Do you see; saw B. Had you seen; have seen

C. Have you seen; saw D. Would you see; saw

27. --- We could have walked to the station; it was so near.

--- Yes. A taxi _______ at all necessary.

A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be

28. --- Who is Jerry Cooper?

--- ______? I saw you shake hands with him at the meeting.

A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet

C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet

29. --- Nancy is not coming tonight.

--- But she _______!

A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised

30. _______ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.

A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave

31. --- Can you attend the party tomorrow?

--- I think I can when my headache ________ thoroughly.(完全)

A. will disappear B. is disappearing C. disappears D. is disappeared

32. It is clear that his poor education _______ him back.

A. has been held B. is holding C. will be held D. had held

33. --- How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?

--- I ____ yet, but I ______ taking a train.

A. haven’t decided; am considering B. haven’t decided, consider

C. didn’t decided; am considering D. hadn’t decided; have considered

34. The pen I _______ I _______ is on my desk, right under my nose.

A. think, lose B. thought , had lost C. think , had lost D. thought, have lost

35. --- Have you heard about the new school?

--- No, when and where to build the new one _______ yet.

A. is not decided B. are not decided C. hasn’t decided D. haven’t decided

36. --- Sorry, I’m late.

--- That’s OK. I _____ long.

A. haven’t waited B. don’t wait C. haven’t been waiting D. didn’t wait

37. --- Nancy sat in the front seat on the left side of the classroom.

--- Oh! I thought she ______ in the back.

A. will sit B. had sat C. is sitting D. has sat

38. I must leave, too. I _______ having tea with you, Bill.

A. was enjoying B. am enjoying C. enjoyed D. enjoy

39. I ______ my face when suddenly someone ______ at the door.

A. washed, knocked B. washed, was knocking

C. was washing, was knocking D. was washing, knocked

40. I ______ at the station half an hour ago, but the train _____ yet.

A. arrived, hadn’t come B. was arriving, hadn’t come

C. arrived, hasn’t come D. had arrived, didn’t come

41. --- Why did you come by taxi?

--- My car broke down last week and I still _______ it repaired.

A. haven’t had B. didn’t have C. don’t have D. won’t have

42. I’m surprised to find you here looking well and playing tennis, Jim. Ann said that you _____ sick.

A. are B. were C. would be D. had been

43. The price _________, but I doubt whether it will remain so.

A. went down B. will go down C. has gone done D. was going down

44. --- Did you go to Qingdao for vacation last August?

--- I _______ to go, but I got sick at the last minute.

A. was planning B. had been planning C. planned D. have planned

45. I met him at a party, but I haven’t seen him ______.

A. since B. still C. yet D. then

46. All the preparations for the task ________, and we’re ready to start.

A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed

47. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life _____ so happy.

A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt

48. --- How are you today?

--- Oh, I ________ as ill as I do now for a very long time.

A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt

49. The reporter said the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it.

A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling D. was to travel

50. --- I think that you need ______ practice on playing the violin.

--- ______ violin lessons every two weeks, but I think I’ll make it every week from now on.

A. less; I have B. less; I’ve taking C. more; I have D. more; I’ve been having

Key:

1---5 CBDAA 6---10 CDBDC 11---15 DCDDD 16---20 DBDAD

21---25 AAABB 26---30 CADBD 31---35 CBABA 36---40 CBCDC

5.关于高考英语复习时态和语态 篇五

要做好动词时态语态题，除了必须掌握各种时态的结构、含义和用法外，还要注意体会动词在具体的语言环境中的使用。语态通常结合时态一起考查，解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间先后关系，可根据不同情况采取“找标法(寻找时间标志词)”、“呼应法(主从句时态呼应)”、“搭配法(固定搭配)”、“语境法(事情发生的环境)”等解题技巧。

时态和语态是很重要的考点：

have been painting all day/be always doing/I did lock it/will still be sleeping/will have left The papers are still being corrected/It is being served in the dining room.

【真题】 The moment I got home, I found I _______ my jacket on the playground. (陕西卷)

A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving

【解析】A。I found后接宾语从句，结合“呼应法”和“语境法”，由于主句动词使用了一般过去时，且宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，应使用过去完成时。

【真题】―Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?

―Yes, I did. You know, my brother _______ in the match. (安徽卷)

A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played

【解析】B。运用“语境法”，结合上下文语境可知，“我”看了昨天的比赛是因为“我弟弟当时正在参加比赛”，指过去正在发生的动作或状态应使用过去进行时。

【模拟题】― Have you seen my email about our TESL project?

― Yes. Luckily, I checked my emails yesterday. Normally, I _____ my email-box for days.(徐州二检)

A. haven‘t opened B. didn‘t open C. hadn‘t opened D. don‘t open

【解析】D。normally表明这是一个习惯性的动作，故用一般现在时。

6.动词时态语态五大制胜法则 篇六

制胜法则一：寻找标志词法

若题目考查的是动词时态和语态，则可以回到题干寻找标志性的时间状语，据此解题。例如：

① Tom ______ in the library every night over the last three months. (2011年北京卷)

A. works B. worked

C. has been workingD. had been working

【解析】四个选项的中心词都是work，只是时态不同，因此可判定本题考查动词时态。题干的意思是：“在过去的三个月里，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆里学习。”题干中的over the last three months是明显的现在完成时或现在完成进行时的标志，故正确答案为C。

② In the last few years thousands of films ______ all over the world. (2011年天津卷)

A. have produced

B. have been produced

C. are producing

D. are being produced

【解析】四个选项的中心词都是produce，只有时态和语态不同，所以本题考查动词的时态和语态。题干的意思是：“在过去的几年间，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。”题干中的in the last few years (在过去的几年间)其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志，答案应在A和B中选择。由于films与produce之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，produce应使用被动语态，故正确答案为B。

③ —Tommy is planning to buy a car.

—I know. By next month, he ______ enough for a used one. (2011年江苏卷)

A. savesB. saved

C. will saveD. will have saved

【解析】题干的意思是：“——汤米正计划着买辆车。——我知道。到下个月，他就能攒够买辆旧车的钱了。”题干中有非常明显的时间标志词by next month，句子应用将来完成时，故正确答案为D。

④ In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ______ by scientists. (2011年湖南卷)

A. are makingB. are made

C. will make D. will be made

【解析】题干的意思是：“在不久的将来，科学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。”题干中的in the near future是表将来的时间状语，more advances与 make之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，make应用被动语态，故正确答案为D。

⑤ By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ______ from college. (2011年辽宁卷)

A. graduated B. has graduated

C. had been graduatingD. had graduated

【解析】题干的意思是：“当杰克从英国返回家时，他的儿子早已大学毕业了。”题干中有非常明显的时间标志词(组) by the time (到……时为止)，常与完成时连用，又因为return这个动作发生在过去，而graduate发生在return之前，是过去的过去，所以应用过去完成时，故正确答案为D。

【技巧支招】高考英语考查动词时态语态的题中常常会给出具体的情景，考生只需找出其中的时间标志词，选择正确的动词时态，并结合具体的语境选择正确的语态即可。

制胜法则二：呼应法

遇到考查动词时态的题时，如果所给题干是含有宾语从句或状语从句的主从复合句，则可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态。例如：

① When Alice came to life, she did not know how long she ______ there. (2011年全国卷I)

A. had been lying B. has been lying

C. was lying D. has lain

【解析】题干的意思是：“当爱丽丝苏醒过来的时候，她不知道自己已经在这里躺了多久。”因为主句用了一般过去时(did not know)，所以宾语从句不能用现在的时态，可以排除B和D。通过分析我们发现，lie这个动作发生在came to life之前，即发生在过去的过去，应该用过去完成时；又因为lie这个动作一直持续到came to life这个动作发生，故使用过去完成进行时。正确答案为A。

② —When shall we restart our business?

  —Not until we _____ our plan. (2010年四川卷)

A. will finishB. are finishing

C. are to finishD. have finished

【解析】题干的意思是：“——我们什么时候重新营业？——直到完成我们的计划。”在状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时。题干的主句是一般将来时，故not until从句中应使用现在完成时表将来完成时。正确答案为D。

【技巧支招】在主从复合句中，主从句时态之间存在一种呼应关系。在宾语从句中，如果主句为过去时，从句往往要用过去的某种时态(但客观事实或真理仍用一般现在时)；而如果主句用一般现在时，则宾语从句时态不受主句时态的限制。在时间或条件状语从句中，主句若用将来时，从句往往要用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将来时，用现在完成时表示将来完成时。

制胜法则三：搭配法

英语中很多固定搭配或特殊句式所用时态都是固定的，所以，如果题干包含某种固定搭配或特殊句式，考生即可据此选用对应的时态。例如：

① His first novel _____ good reviews since it came out last month. (2011年陕西卷)

A. receivesB. is receiving

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C. will receive D. has received

【解析】题干的意思是：“他的第一本小说自上个月出版以来受到了许多好评。”题干中的since意为“自从……以来”，引导含有过去时的从句，此时主句应使用现在完成时，故正确答案为D。

② Linda, make sure the tables ________ before the guests arrive. (2010年全国卷II)

A. be set B. set

C. are set D. are setting

【解析】分析题干结构，make sure后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时。固定搭配set tables意为“摆好桌子”，tables前置作宾语从句的主语，故set要用被动语态。正确答案为C。

③ This is the first time we ________ a film in the cinema together as a family. (2009年陕西卷)

A. see B. had seen

C. saw D. have seen

【解析】分析题干结构，This is the first/second/last ... time (that)是固定结构，后面的从句应使用现在完成时。如果把is改为was，则后面的从句中应使用过去完成时。故正确答案为D。

④ —How can I apply for an online course?

—Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you. (2007年北京卷)

A. see B. are seeing

C. have seen D. will see

【解析】分析题干结构，“祈使句(或名词词组) + and/or +简单句”是并列句的一种固定句式，and/or后的简单句通常用一般将来时或用情态动词表示将来。故正确答案为D。

⑤ I ______ along the street looking for a place to park my car when the accident ______. (2006年江苏卷)

A. went; was occurring

B. went; occurred

C. was going; occurred

D. was going; had occurred

【解析】分析题干结构，“be doing ... when ...”是一个固定句式，意思是“正在……，这时(发生了另一件事)”，主句为过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时。故此题正确答案为C。类似的句式还有“be about to do ... when ...”和“be on the point of doing ... when ...”，意思都是“正要做某事，这时(发生了另一件事)”。

【技巧支招】下列固定句型所用时态是固定的，同学们若牢记可有助于解题。

(1)This/That/It is the first time + that从句(现在完成时)

(2)This/That/It was the first time + that从句(过去完成时)

(3)It has been +一段时间+ since从句(一般过去时)

(4)Hardly/No sooner had sb. done when/than +从句(一般过去时)

(5)It will be +一段时间+ before从句(一般现在时)

(6)It was +一段时间+ before从句(一般过去时)

(7)It's time + (that)从句(一般过去时或should do)

(8)主句(现在完成时) + since从句(一般过去时)

(9)主语+ (一般过去时) + recognize/realize ...

(10) 祈使句+ and/or +简单句(一般将来时)

(11) ... was/were doing ... when ... (一般过去时)

(12) make sure (certain)、see to it、mind、care、matter等后接宾语从句时，从句通常用一般现在时。

制胜法则四：语境法

有些时态题中不出现时间状语，而是给出语境。考生解题时应细心体会所给语境，注意动作发生的先后关系，根据具体语境选择合适的时态。例如：

① If you don't like the drink you ______ just leave it and try a different one. (2011年全国卷II)

A. ordered B. are ordering

C. will order D. had ordered

【解析】题干的意思是：“如果你不喜欢你点的饮料，就把它放一边，试试另一种。”题干中的don't like the drink是一般现在时，而order一定发生在like之前，是过去的动作，因此应使用过去时或现在完成时，故正确答案为A。

②—That must have been a long trip.

—Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011年北京卷)

A. takes B. has taken

C. took D. was taking

【解析】题干的意思是：“——那一定是一段很远的旅行。——是的，我们花了整整一周时间才到那儿。”题干中的must have been是对过去的肯定推测，提示事情发生在过去且现在已结束，应使用和过去相关的时态，故排除A和B。D项was taking表动作在过去某个时间正在进行，需要相应的时间状语，但题中没有，可排除。本题应选一般过去时，正确答案为C。

③ That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _________ the piano upstairs? (2011年重庆卷)

A. has played B. played

C. plays D. is playing

【解析】题干的意思是：“那首乐曲听起来相当熟悉。是谁在楼上弹钢琴？”在听的过程中发出“谁在弹钢琴”的疑问，表明“弹钢琴”这个动作在说话时正在进行；同时由于sound用的是现在时，交代的时间是现在，所以“弹钢琴”应该是现在进行时。正确答案为D。

④ Edward, you play so well. But I _______ you played the piano. (2009年北京卷)

A. didn't know B. hadn't known

C. don't know D. haven't known

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【解析】题干的意思是：“爱德华，你弹得很好。但我(以前)不知道你会弹钢琴。”我现在已经知道you play so well，说明“我不知道你会弹钢琴”是在此之前的事，故使用一般过去时。正确答案为A。

【技巧支招】近年来高考试题对时态考查的要求越来越高，大部分试题趋向于不给出明显的时间标志词，而用特定的语境、情境来表时间。对此，考生应捕捉信息，理解情境，综合运用，灵活答题。

制胜法则五：优先法

当四个选项中既有主动语态又有被动语态时，出题者多数是在考查被动语态，因为“汉语多主动，英语多被动”。因此，当主、被动语态一起出现时，应遵循被动优先的原则。但使用这一原则后，考生还应结合具体语境和意义进行复查，对所选项进行验证。例如：

① Experiments of this kind _____ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. (2011年北京卷)

A. have conducted

B. have been conducted

C. had conducted

D. had been conducted

【解析】题干的意思是：“早在二战爆发前，这种实验就在美国和欧洲做过了。”四个选项中既有主动语态，又有被动语态，优先考虑被动语态。进一步验证：主语experiment与conduct之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故conduct应用被动语态。题干中出现过去的时间点the Second World War，而before the Second World War是过去的过去，因此应使用过去完成时的被动语态。故正确答案为D。

② A lot of people often forget that oral exams ______ to test our communicative ability. (2011年上海春招卷)

A. designB. are designed

C. are designingD. are being designed

【解析】题干的意思是：“很多人常常忘记设计口语测试是为了检测我们的交际能力。”一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often、always、usually、sometimes、every day等时间状语连用，故此处使用一般现在时，排除C和D。根据被动优先原则，预选B项。而oral exams与design确实存在被动关系，故选B项。

③ All visitors to this village _________ with kindness. (2011年四川卷)

A. treat B. are treated

C. are treating D. had been treated

【解析】题干的意思是：“所有来到这个村子的游客都会受到友好的对待。”表示经常性或习惯性的动作，用一般现在时；visitors与treat存在被动关系，排除A和C。D项had been treated用的是过去完成时，而题干中并没有表示过去的时间点，就更谈不上“过去的过去”了，排除。正确答案为B。

④ His sister left home in 1998, and _______ since. (2009年全国卷I)

A. had not been heard of

B. has not been heard of

C. had not heard of

D. has not heard of

【解析】首先观察四个选项的特点：从语态来看，两个选项使用了主动语态，两个选项使用了被动语态，优先考虑出题者是否想要考查被动语态。主语his sister和谓语hear of之间只能是被动关系，因此判定此题考查被动语态，排除C和D。结合题干的意思“他的妹妹1998年离开了家，然后就一直毫无音讯”以及时间标志词since可知，应使用现在完成时的被动语态。故正确答案为B。

【技巧支招】高考英语考查被动语态通常结合各种时态及一定的语境进行。当被选的四个选项中既有主动又有被动时，通常考查被动，再根据语境所提供的时间背景，往往能快速准确地确定正确答案。因此，要做好被动语态试题除了要掌握被动语态的基本含义、基本构成之外，还要特别注意联系题干语境确定时态。

作者简介：

  籍万杰，中学英语高级教师，国家基础教育实验中心外语教育研究中心研究员；教学成绩突出，曾多次荣获各级教学奖励及“优秀教师”“教学能手”等荣誉称号；在全国六十余家国家级和省级报刊发表文章千余篇；担任多家知名英语教辅期刊的特约编辑、特约通讯员、特约撰稿人。