2011年英语英译汉（共8篇）
1.2011年英语英译汉 篇一
2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
真题：
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（10 points）
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.（46）of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.（47）of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.（48）But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists.The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.（49）Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.（50）-1-
解析：
1、Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institution as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.be viewed as被视为
institutions大学，学院
educated受教育的legal learning法律学习；学习法律
the special preserve（of lawyers）律师的特权；律师的特有领域
intellectual equipment知识体系；知识储备
【译文】长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一直被视为律师们所专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：被动语态、并列连词和后置定语。
【技巧补充】
（1）被动语态的翻译
若被动句中的主语承载着句中的主要信息（如本题中的legal learning）,在翻译时可以仍然将它译作主语，其翻译方式有两种：
①用汉语主动句表达被动意义，如：In the meeting this question will be discussed briefly.在会议上，这一问题将进行简要地讨论。
②译为汉语被动句，采用“被„„”，“为„„所„„”的结构如：Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history.希特勒被历史的风暴席卷而去。
该句谓语后的介词短语 in such institutions 在语法上作状语，但在含义上，其为动作的出发者，即主语。翻译此类句子，还可将英语原文中的 by, in, for 等作状语的介词短语转换成名词，译成汉语句子的主语，同时将英语原文中的主语译成宾语。例如：A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。
（2）并列连词的翻译
并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或分句。由于他们的使用习惯与中文相似，因此翻译时只需准确的译出并列连词的含义即可。常见的并列连词有：
①表示转折：but 但是，while 然而，whereas 然而。②表示选择：or 或者，either...or 要么......要么∕......或者......,neither...nor 既不...也不∕......和......都不，rather than 而不是。③表示联合：and 和 ,both and.....和.....都，not only...but also 不仅...而且，等等。
2、On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.manner方式
forge形成联系
cover news报道新闻
everyday realities日常生活
parallel to就像；与......相似；与......一样
on a daily basis每天的做法
【译文】另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相同的。
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：嵌套式定语从句。
【技巧补充】嵌套式定语从句的翻译
嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。当定语从句较长，不适合作前置定语时，可以采用分译法，即将嵌套式定语从句拆分成两个句子，分别进行翻译。
例如： Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks（塞尔柱突厥人）（1）who had infiltrated from their Central Asian homeland into the Islamic Empire（2）where they were employed as mercenaries（雇佣军）。译为：同样，在东方是塞尔柱突厥人，（1）他们从家乡中亚进入伊斯兰教帝国；（2）在那里被雇为雇佣军。
3、But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.more profoundly更深刻；更深入；更深
rest on建立在......上；立足于
the established conventions已确定的约定；建立起来的规定
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：同位语从句、后置定语。
4、In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.the basic features基本特征、基本要点
have a clear grasp of清楚地理解；清楚地了解；清楚地把握
a competent job on political stories做好政治新闻的报道工作
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是:形式主语it、多重复合句、词性转换。
5、While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.enhance stories提升报道质量；为报道增色；加强报道效果；提高新闻水平
it is preferable for journalists...对记者来说是好事
rely on凭借；依靠；根据
nations of significance对重要性的理解
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是形式主语it、让步状语从句。
2.2011年英语英译汉 篇二
四字格是汉语语言中比较特殊的一种词汇组合现象,既包含四字成语也包括非固定的普通四字格,因其独特的修辞效果和美学价值而在写作和翻译中广泛运用。其特点为:“音韵上的节奏美,形式上的整齐美,内容上的意象美,行文上的简洁美”(李宁,2003)。在汉译英过程中如何恰当地翻译四字格,并尽量保留其修辞效果和美学价值值得研究。然而,在英语专业八级的汉译英中,由于时间紧张、氛围严肃等等客观原因及学生自身专业能力等主观原因,学生的译文质量差强人意,暴露出种种问题。从历年专八翻译试题的归纳总结看,2016 年专八试题改革后翻译部分删去了英译汉部分,汉译英部分字数及分数相对增加,四字格在其中的运用也更加广泛。如何准确地翻译汉译英试题中的四字格是英语专业笔译教学课程中的一个重点。
2笔译教学四字格翻译实践中出现的问题
大部分英语专业八级真题汉译英题材涉及记叙文、散文、论说等,偏文学性,期间出现很多四字格。在组织学生课堂及课下练习过程中,学生出现了种种翻译错误,总结起来可以大致分为以下四种情况:首先,正确理解原文是进行翻译的第一步,学生对原文的错误理解,导致译文扭曲;其次,在翻译过程中,学生遇到四字格短语时,会为了翻译而翻译,不自觉与上下文语境割裂或断章取义,因而得出的译文更倾向于字面翻译或得出错误的译文;再次,学生对四字格结构不明或分析错误,导致译文漏译或误译。以上四种情况便是学生在进行英语专业八级汉英翻译过程中经常出现的错误。
3四字格翻译原则
针对以上笔者总结的学生在翻译四字格过程中出现的一些问题,现提出具体的翻译策略及原则。
(1)正确理解,正确表达
理解是翻译的第一步,如果不能准确理解原文,谈何翻译?但是,学生们在翻译的过程中,总是在这方面出现问题,对原文一知半解,所译出的译文或扭曲原意或增译或漏译。
例1 :一霎时,一阵被人摒弃,为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头,禁不住痛哭起来。(2003)
在翻译这个句子时,“兜上心头”是本句翻译的一个难点,因为学生在汉英词典中找不到对应的译法,且对这个短语理解不透,便不知道该如何处理,很多同学干脆就不做翻译,只用一个单词feel来翻译。“兜上心头”是用来形容某种感情突然占据了一个人的内心,翻译时,可以用be thrown into或be seized by来表达。整个句子可以翻译为:Instantly I was seized by a fit of resentful sadness.I couldn’t help but burst out crying,feeling abandoned and forgotten.
(2)语境分析,深度翻译
分析并准确理解原文语境,可以在翻译过程中准确把握原文的深层含义,并选择与原文语境相符的词汇或语句来进行翻译,以求得原文和译文内容的准确对应。
例2 :得病以前,我受父母宠爱,在家中横行霸道,一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里,我顿感打入冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来。(2003)
本句出现了“横行霸道”和“打入冷宫”这两个四字格,在翻译过程中许多学生没有充分理解原文,于是把这两个短语分别译为acting violently, acting like a tyrant和thrown into a cold palace。而原文作者是从孩子的视角进行描述,这些贬义词语被赋予一种童趣,甚至是自嘲的意味,所以在翻译时不可照字面直译,可以分别译为behaved like a little lord和fall into disfavor。故本句可以译为: I was a spoiled child of my parents and behaved like a little lord in the family until I fell ill. Now quarantined and conf ined in a hillside lodge in the garden, I seemed, all of a sudden, to fall into disfavor, and got pathetic and forlorn.
(3)结构分析,完整翻译
四字格成语根据不同结构,可以分为主谓短语、偏正短语、动宾短语、并列短语等等,在翻译的过程中,有必要对原文中出现的四字格进行结构分析,把其语义完整地翻译出来。
例3 :一个春天的傍晚,园中百花怒放,父母在园中设宴,一时宾客云集,笑语四溢。(2003)
在本句中,“百花怒放”“宾客云集”和“笑语四溢”均为主谓短语,所以在翻译过程中,为避免语义丢失,可以把它们分别翻译成独立的语句。所以整个句子可以翻译为:One early evening in spring,my parents held a splendid feast in the garden where all the flowers were riotous bloom.Guests gathered together,their chat and laughter ringing around.
(4)结合上下文,融化译文
在翻译四字格成语过程中,一定要联系上下文,切不可使四字格的译文与整个句子语义割裂,导致整个句子译文晦涩难懂。
例4 :我在山坡的小屋里,悄悄掀起窗帘,窥见园中大千世界,一片繁华,自己的哥姐,堂表弟兄,也穿插其间,个个喜气洋洋。(2003)
整个句子中一共出现了四个四字格短语:“大千世界”“一片繁华”“穿插其间”及“喜气洋洋”,在翻译过程中,不可把这四个四字格成语与原文整个语句的意思割裂开来,而应融入到整个句子的翻译中。“大千世界”本用来形容宽阔无边的世界,在这里则是指花园中一派热闹的景象,与作者所蛰居的小屋作对比,翻译时,可以与“一片繁华”两个短语语义合并在一起,译为the hustle and the bustle of the world outside或the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden,而“穿插其间”则指作者的堂兄表弟及哥姐在人群中来回走动,可以译为shuttle among the guests,“喜气洋洋”译为副词joyfully或译为句子的插入成分full of joy。故全句的译文为:From my lodge on the slope,by lifting the curtain quietly,I took a peep at the hustle and bustle of the wide world outside.My siblings and cousins mixed well and joyfully in the company.
4结语
总而言之,根据“忠实”“通顺”的翻译标准,在进行专八汉译英时,译者应结合上下文及具体语境分析四字格的结构和语义,并把其语义与整个句子甚至段落结合起来,切不可断章取义,应灵活处理,不可一味寻求形式对等而出现语义晦涩难懂的译文。望本文所探讨有关四字格翻译的具体策略能给英语专业学生或翻译爱好者提供一定的指导作用。
摘要：四字格是汉语语言文字中比较特殊的一种语言现象,因其独特的修辞效果和丰富的语义,成为汉英翻译的一个难点。纵观英语专业八级试卷中汉译英部分,四字格的确也占了一些篇幅,是笔译教学中的一个重点及难点。本文结合学生课堂及课下进行英语专业八级汉英翻译练习,在翻译四字格过程中出现的问题进行分析总结,并以2003年的专八汉译英真题翻译为例探讨其翻译原则,以期为英语专业学生或英语爱好者起到一定的指导作用。
关键词：笔译教学,四字格,英译
参考文献
[1]陈智勇.汉语四字格结构与翻译原则探析[J].文学语言学研究(考试周刊),2014(92).
[2]郭建中.文化与翻译[C].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2000.
[3]黄任.2015星火英语专业八级翻译专项巅峰训练[M].吉林:吉林出版集团有限责任公司,2014(1).
[4]李宁.英译汉中“四字格”美学价值试析[J].新疆大学学报(社会科学版),2003(9):161-163.
3.2011年高考英语介词考点透析 篇三
考点1
考查介词的基本用法
英语中的一个介词往往有很多种不同的用法，如介词on可表达“关于”“在……上”“穿着”“用”“依据”等诸多意思，使用时需要根据具体情况具体选择。而要表达汉语里的某一种意思时，也可以使用不同的英语单词，表达如汉语中的“用”，可根据不同的语境和搭配选择介词by、in、on、with等。
【真题再现】
14. This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further notice. (2011年全国卷II)
A. withB. untilC. forD. at
【解析】题干的意思是：“这家商店将停业装修，营业时间另行通知。”本题考查介词基本意思的辨析，until意为“直到……(为止)”，符合题意。故正确答案为B。
30. I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy ______ the past couple of weeks. (2011年山东卷)
A. beyondB. with
C. amongD. over
【解析】题干的意思是：“抱歉我没有给你打电话，因为过去的这几个星期我一直很忙。”本题考查介词基本意思的辨析。D项over意为“在……期间”，后接一段时间，over the past couple of weeks＝ in the past couple of weeks，符合题意。A项beyond意为“超过，越过……，在那一边”，多指方位；B项意为“和……一起”；C项among意为“在……中间”。正确答案为D。
8. Nick, it's good for you to read some books _____ China before you start your trip there. (2011年四川卷)
A. inB. forC. of D. on
【解析】题干的意思是：“尼克，去中国旅游前读一些介绍中国的书籍对你有好处。”介词on相当于about， 意为“关于”，符合题意。其他三项分别为：in表示方位，意为“在……里”；for表示目的或所指对象，意为“为了；对于”；of表示所属，意为“……的”。正确答案为D。
【备考策略】
同学们应掌握常见介词的基本用法，将其分类整理记忆。特别是易混用的介词，更应注意归类和辨析。有时记住一个典型的例题能帮助我们举一反三，而高考真题无疑是不错的选择，因而建议大家多利用历年高考真题进行复习和巩固。解题时，考生应综合考虑题干和所给介词的意思，选出正确答案。
考点2
介词与名词、动词、形容词的搭配
不同的名词、动词、形容词会有相应的介词与之搭配，且所用介词不同，用法亦有变化，如“用这种方法”在英语中可以用in this way、by this means、with this method等来表达；同一个名词way也可与不同的介词搭配，表达不同的意思，如in the way、on the way、by the way等。再如，“……的”在英语中可根据不同的名词而选择不同的介词(如of、to、for等)来表达，如the ticket for the film、the entrance to the hall、the answer to the question等。大家解题时需要结合具体语境，选择最适合的介词和搭配。
【真题再现】
25. Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek _______ food safety problems. (2011年安徽卷)
A. inB. toC. onD. after
【解析】题干的意思是：“有时，寻找解决食品安全问题的恰当方法并不是很难。”本题的中心词是answers，后面的food safety problems是answers的定语；而与answer搭配的介词只有to，即answer to the problem (问题的解决方法)。值得注意的是，这道题设置了一个陷阱，空格处之前的动词为seek，很多考生不仔细分析题干的结构，以为该题考查的是seek after而误选了D。正确答案为B。
35. With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ______ colour. (2011年北京卷)
A. byB. forC. withD. in
【解析】题干的意思是：“用新技术可以拍到水下峡谷的彩色照片。”介词in表示“用，使用”，其后通常跟表示手段、方法、材料、颜色的名词，因此正确答案为D。其他三个介词后接名词时的区别为：by通常表示方式或后跟交通工具的名词，如by bus/car；for表示目的；with表示身体的部位或具体的工具，如with my legs、 with a pencil等。
5. I always wanted to do the job which I'd been trained _______. (2011年浙江卷)
A. onB. forC. byD. of
【解析】题干的意思是：“我过去总想做我曾接受过培训的工作。”动词为train，train for表示“为……培训”，be trained for表示“为……接受培训”，符合题意。其他三个介词的用法分别为：on表示“在……上，关于”；by表示方式、交通工具或动作行为的执行者；of表示所属关系。故正确答案为B。
【备考策略】
建议大家牢记所学介词与名词、动词、形容词的搭配，不要受汉语的影响而误用。要做有心人，把平时学习中遇到的常见词语搭配以及典型例句摘抄、整理出来，时常翻看。解题时，通常应遵循搭配优先的原则，认真分析题干，排除干扰，还原题干的本来面目，选择最佳答案。
考点3
根据语境选择介词
很多考查介词的试题，命题者会故意设置一些陷阱，如利用考生的思维定势(习惯搭配、汉语使用习惯及惯性思维等)，改变句子结构或增加词语、非谓语结构、从句等来干扰考生的思维。解这类试题时，考生应分析句子结构，除去冗余信息，弄清句意，再进行辨析和选择。
【真题再现】
22.good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. (2011年福建卷)
A. Far fromB. Apart from
C. Instead of D. Regardless of
【解析】题干的意思是：“除了良好的服务以外，这家餐馆还提供各种各样的福建传统美食。”四个介词词组的意思分别为：apart from“除……以外”；far from“离……远；远非”；instead of“代替，而不是”；regardless of表示“不管”。故正确答案为B。
30. When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _______ younger men. (2011年湖北卷)
A. in terms ofB. in need of
C. in favour of D. in praise of
【解析】题干的意思是：“当被问及对校长有何看法时，许多老师表示更愿意看到他让位给比他年轻的人。”解这道题之前，考生首先要清楚题干中的step aside意为“让开；回避”。再来看四个选项，in terms of表示“依照，按照，在……方面”；in need of表示“需要”；in favour of表示“赞成，支持”； in praise of表示“歌颂”。正确答案为C。
32. We'd better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan. (2011年江苏卷)
A. in detail B. in general
C. on purpose D. on time
【解析】题干的意思是：“我们在制订计划前最好先详细讨论一下所有的东西。”四个选项的意思分别为：in detail“详细地，详实地”；in general“通常，大体上，从总体上来说”；on purpose“故意地，有意地”；on time“准时，按时”。正确答案为A。
30. The form cannot be signed by anyone _____ yourself. (2011年新课标卷)
A. rather than B. other than
C. more than D. better than
【解析】题干的意思是：“除了本人，任何人都不能在这份表格上签字。”四个选项的意思分别为：rather than“而不是”；other than“除……之外”；more than“多余，不仅仅是”；better than“优于，比……好”。正确答案为B。
11. He was a good student and scored ______ average in most subjects. (2011年天津卷)
A. below B. of
C. on D. above
【解析】从题干的前半句“他是个好学生”来推断，后半句句意应为“大多数科目(成绩)都在平均分以上”。而四个选项中，只有D项与average搭配才能表示“在平均分以上”，故正确答案为D。其他三个介词与average搭配意思分别为：below average“在平均分以下”；on average“平均”；而of与average搭配时通常为 the average of，表示“……的平均值”。
24. Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library. (2011年重庆卷)
A. in B. fo
C. byD. from
【解析】题干的意思是：“雪莉是一个真正爱书的人，她经常从图书馆带很多书回家读。”四个介词的区别为：from表示“从……”；in表示“在……里”；for 表示目的；by表示“在……旁边”或表示交通工具、动作行为的执行者等。正确答案为D。
【备考策略】
同学们除了要注意介词本身的意思外，更应注意介词在不同语境中的不同表达和应用。另外，还应多注意联想记忆，如复习in time时，可以联想其他含介词in的短语，如in particular、in exchange of、in spite of等，也可以联想in time的近义/同义介词词组，如on time等，这样记忆更具系统性，能达到事半功倍的效果。解题时应避免先入为主的观念(如上面的天津卷第11题，考生就很容易受固定词组on average的影响而误选C)，在语法正确、搭配无误的基础上，选出符合语境的那个介词。
作者简介：
巩玉香，山东平邑曾子学校高级英语教师，省市骨干教师，多次获市县教学奖，对高考颇有研究，发表论文十多篇。
4.2011年山东高考英语答案 篇四
I.Listening Comprehension(20)Section A
Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Each conversation and question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A), B), C), and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.A.He is not well prepared for the interview.B.He is an hour late for the interview.C.He is unhappy to have the interview.D.He is too nervous about the interview.2.A.On footB.By car.C.By bikeD.By bus.3.A.Not to get his umbrella until noon.B.Not to worry about his umbrella.C.To go out with his umbrella.D.To go and get the umbrella by himself.4.A.On Tuesday.B.On Wednesday.C.On Thursday.D.On Friday.5.A.Because she didn‟t know the person who told her about the meeting.B.Because she didn‟t know what the meeting was about.C.Because she didn‟t know there was a meeting yesterday.D.Because she didn‟t know the place where the meeting was held.6.A.To check up the typing errors.C.To type the paper again.B.To write the paper again.D.To add something to the paper.7.A.Greetin each other.C.Making introduction.B.Saying good-bye.D.Making an appointment.8.A.He prefers to go on foot.B.His car is in quite good condition.C.He is willing to lend them his car.D.He will give them a ride if possible.9.A.$70B.$50C.$80D.$100
10.A.At a supermarket.B.In a restaurant.C.At an airport.D.In a hotel.SectionB
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will bee spoken only once.After you hear a question, You must choose is the best answer from the four choices Marked A), B), C),and D),Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A.They don‟t smile as much as Russian businessmen.B.They often smile at the “wrong” time.C.They like to say “cheese” when photographed.D.They seldom smile when photographed.12.A.Americans are famous in the world for their smiling.B.Americans are aware of when and how often to smile.C.Americans are especially respectful to the presidents who like to smile.D.Americans are especially respectful to the presidents who like to smile.13.A.Russians never smile.B.Russians seem so serious.C.Russians have no sense of humor.D.Russians often smile at the wrong time.Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.A.About Mr.Black‟s good shooting.B.About Mr.Black‟s poor sight.C.About the joke of Mr.Black‟s friend.D.About the death of Mr.Black‟s friend.18.A.He was old.C.He got a hurt in his eyes.B.He was mentally ill.D.He had an operation on his eyes.19.A.Mr.Black shot the white bear and saved him.B.Mr.Black got hold of him and locked him up.C.Mr.Black ran up to his friend and got off the paper off his back.D.Mr.Black shot at the piece of paper and knocked his friend‟s hat off.20.A.Because he wanted to save his friend.B.Because he didn‟t see the white paper.C.Because he didn‟t see the word “NOT”.D.Because he wanted to warn his friend.II.Reading Comprehension(20)Passage One
Question 11to 15 are based on the following passage.Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship.At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them.This leads us to ask: What is a hero?
Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about.A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen.But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves.Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation.Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning.A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes.Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?
Heroes are catalysts for change.They have a vision from the mountaintop.They have the skill and the charm to move the masses.They create new possibilities.Without Gandhi, India might still be party of the British Empire.Without Rosa Parks and martin Luther King.Jr., we might still have segregated buses, restaurants, and parks.It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.1．Although heroes may come from different cultures, they __.A.generally possess certain inspiring characteristics B.probably share some weaknesses of ordinary people C.are often influenced by previous generationsD.all unknowingly attract a large number of fans
2.According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that __, A.they have a vision from the mountaintopB.they have warm feelings and emotions
C.they can serve as concrete examples of noble principles D.they can make people feel stronger and more confident
3.Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because __.A.they are popular only among certain groups of people B.their performances do not improve their fans morallyC.their primary concern is their own financial interests D.they are not clear about the principles they should follow
4.Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who __ A.are good at demonstrating their charming charactersB.can move the masses with their forceful speeches C.are capable of meeting all challenges and hardshipsD.can provide san answer to the problems of their people 5.The author concludes that historical changes would __.A.be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualities B.not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrifices C.take place if there were heroes to lead the peopleD.produce leaders with attractive personalities
Passage Two
Question 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today‟s traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic” that at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the student‟s major objective “is to be financially well off.Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic” fields is at a low.On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.That‟s no surprise either.A friend of mine(a sales representative for a chemical company)was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job-even before she completed her two-year associate degree.While it‟s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions-be they scientific or artistic.It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think.More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business.No company;no job.How shortsighted in the long run!
But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense.I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table;one of them is talking on the intercom : “Miss Baxter,” he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”From the long-term point of view, that‟s what education really ought to be about.1.According to the author‟s observation, college students __ A.have never been so materialistic as todayB.have never been so interested in the arts
C.have never been so financially well off as today
D.have never attached so much importance to moral sense
2.The students‟ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with __ A.the influences of their instructors B.the financial goals they seek in lifeC.their own interpretations of the courses
D.their understanding of the contributions of others
3.By saying “while it‟s true that …be they scientific or artistic”(Lines 1-3 , Para.5), the author means that __
A.business management should be included in educational programsB.human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed C.human intellectual development has reached new heights
D.the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked 4.Studying the diverse wisdom of others can __ A.create varying artistic interests
B.help people see things in their right perspectiveC.help improve connections among people D.regulate the behavior of modern people
5.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A.Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B.Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C.People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D.Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.Passage Three
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.New technology links the world as never before.Our planet has shrunk.It‟s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link.And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad.In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks.The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company‟s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad.If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent.Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business.But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language.A second language isn‟t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the country‟s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.1.What is the author‟s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment? A.Critical.B.Indifferent.C.Prejudiced.D.Positive.2.With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople __.A.have to get familiar with modern technology
B.are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations C.are attaching more importance to their overseas business D.are eager to work overseas
3.In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind”(lines 2-3 Para.3)probably means ___.A.being unable to think properly for lack of insightB.being totally out of touch with business at homeC.missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD.leaving all care and worry behind
4.According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?
A.connections with businesses overseas.B.Ability to speak the client‟s language.C.Technical know-how.D.Business experience.5.The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can __.A.better control the whole negotiation process
B.easily find new approaches to meet market needsC.fast-forward their proposals to headquarters D.easily make friends with businesspeople abroad Passage Four
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they‟ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise.Foreign travel is a national passion;this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad.Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same.American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers.Chains such as KFC, McDonald‟s and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff.Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day” has caught on all over Israel.“Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, „Let‟s be nicer,‟” says Itsik Cohen, directior of a consulting firm.“Nobody happens without competition.”
Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well.Monopolies(垄断者)that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful(报复的)consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, evern wile offering competitive rates.Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman.Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour.The graceless E 1 A 1 Airlines, which is already at auction(拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.1.It may be inferred from the passage that __.A.customer service in Israel is now improvingB.wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please
C.the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel
D.Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones
2.In the author‟s view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel __.A.if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management B.unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbersC.if there‟s no competition among companiesD.without strict routine training of employees
3.If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, __.A.they can have it fixed in no time
B.it‟s no longer necessary to make an appointmentC.the appointment takes only half a day to makeD.they only have to wait half an hour at most4.The example of E1 A1 Airlines shows that __.A.revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprisesB.an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficultyC.a good slogan has great potential for improving serviceD.staff retraining is essential for better service
5.Why did Bezaq‟s international branch lose 40% of its market share? A.Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.B.Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.C.Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.D.Because it no longer received any support from the government.III.Vocabulary and structure(15)
1.Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone __them.A.discoveredB.would have discovered C.will discoverD.discovers 2.Though __in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes of country life.A.grownB.tendedC.raisedD.cultivated
3.The careless man received a ticket for speeding.He __have driven so fast.A.can‟tB.wouldn‟tC.shouldn‟tD.mustn‟t
4.If people feel hopeless, they don‟t bother to __the skills they need to succeed.A.adoptB.acquireC.accumulateD.assemble
5.If I __harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.A.workedB.were to workC.had workedD.were working6.The shop assistant was dismissed as she was __ of cheating customers.A.accusedB.chargedC.scoldedD.cursed
7.All her energies are __ upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.A.guidedB.aimedC.directedD.focused
8.While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they __ by wild animals.A.should be attackedB.had been attackedC.must be attackedD.would be attacked 9.Everyone should be __to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.A.attributedB.entitledC identifiedD.justified
10.His wife is constantly finding __with him ,which makes him very angry.A.errorsB.shortcomingsC.faultD.flaw
11.Vitamins are complex __that the body requires in very small amounts.A.mattersB.materialsC.particlesD.substances
12.Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy __housework as carrying water and firewood.A.time-consumedB.timely-consumedC.time-consumingD.timely-consuming 13.Anna was reading a piece of science of science fiction, completely __to the outside world.A.havingbeen lostB.to be lostC.losingD.lost
14.The police are trying to find out the __of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A.evidenceB.recognitionC.statusD.identity
15.All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the __they keep from someone they talk with.A.distanceB.scopeC.rangeD.boundaryIV.翻译(20)
1.Must nations surrender their cultural uniqueness to the next wave of technological and social
change?
2.Are all destined to melt into the so-called “global village” with all the same qualities and shared
experience of villagers?
3.Where economic development is still based on the export of cheap muscle labour and mass
production, the answer may be “perhaps”.4.不仅儿童，就连许多成年人也喜欢玩游戏。5.她的母亲或者两个哥哥经常帮助她学习数学。V.完型填空(10)
Choose the best word to fill in each blank.London was originally established(1)__ the Romans,(2)__ chose the site of Londinium for its good trading and defensive(3)__.After the Romans left, Winchester became the capital of England until the thirteenth century,(4)__ administration was moved to London.London‟s growth in the Middle Ages brought overcrowding, lack of sanitation and unhealthy conditions.Outbreaks of bubonic plague---the Black Death were(5)__.In 1666 the Great Fire of London(6)__ much of the city.Many of London‟s finest buildings date(7)__ the subsequent period of intensive planning and rebuilding :St Paul‟s Cathedral is only one example.The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries(8)__ London‟s growth as an international center of trade and finance.During the twentieth century, London‟s international importance has(9)__.Today it has to compete as a financial center(10)__ New York ,Tokyo and other major capital.1.a.forb.byc.withd.of
2.a.whoseb.thatc.whichd.who3.a.positionb.locationc.placed.state 4.a.whereb.whenc.thatd.which
5.a.usualb.destroyedc.commond.popular 6.a.spoiledb.destroyedc.damagedd.injured7.a.byb.ofc.fromd.in
8.a.lookedb.sawc.regardedd.thought 9.a.droppedb.failedc.decreasedd.declined 10.a.forb.withc.tod.asVI.Writing(15)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest.You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象。2.诚实利已利人，做人应该诚实。Answer
I1-5 DDBCC6-10 ABDAD11-15 DADAD16-20 BBADC II1-5 ACBDA6-10 ABDBD
11-15 DCCBA16-20 ACDAB III1-5 DBCBC6-10 ADABC
11-15 DCDDA
5.2011年考研英语写作精品 篇五
一、投诉信参考范文
Directions:
You live in a room in college which you share with another student.You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting.He/She has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you。
Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and:
1)ask for a new room next term，2)you would prefer a single room，3)explain your reasons。
Don’t sign your own name at the end of your letter, using“Li Ming”instead。
Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing to express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding accommodation.I would prefer to move into a single room next semester, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient。
I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior.For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him;for another, he regularly holds noisy parties。
To solve this difficulty/surmount this difficulty/improve this situation/crack this hard nut, I hope to draw the attention of the authorities concerned.I am sure you will agree that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own.Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming
(136 words)
(128 words)
二、求职信参考范文
Directions:
You want to apply for the following post/position: Waiter/waitress required for evening work.Write a letter:
1)show your interest，2)describe your previous experience，3)explain why you would be suitable for the job。
Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead。
Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress.Enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous work experience and qualifications。
Not only do my qualifications and work experience make me a perfect candidate for the job, my personality is well suited to working as a waitress.I am a very friendly person who can quickly establish rapport with people of all ages。
I would like to meet with you at your earliest convenience, to discuss the possibility of working at your restaurant.Thank you for your consideration of my application.I look forward to meeting you in the near future。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming
(119 words)
三、建议信参考范文
Directions:
You have a friend who is about to enter university, and he wants you to advise him on which subject to specialize in—history, in which he is very interested, or computer science, which offers better job prospects。
1)Give your suggestions。
2)Explain the reasons。
3)Other recommendation。
Dear Wangcai，You have asked me for my advice concerning/regarding whether you should study history or computer science at university, and I will try to make some useful/practical/conducive suggestions/proposals/recommendations。
You must keep in mind that, above all, your university training is a preparation for your future career.There is no doubt that the field of computer science offers far wider job opportunities than history.Besides, for the foreseeable future, not only will it be necessary for everyone to be computer-literate, it will also be necessary to be equipped with computer skills merely to earn a living。
Of course, I would recommend that you keep up your reading of history in your spare time。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming
(111 words)
四、请求信参考范文
Directions:
You find your study load is too heavy.Write a letter to your college teacher:
1)you need to withdraw from two courses，2)explain the reasons，3)ask if it is possible to obtain a refund。
Dear Professor Shakespeare，I am writing to formally request to withdraw from two courses: Introduction to Elementary Education and Teaching Methods。
The main reason for reducing my course load is that I am finding it extremely difficult to manage six courses.Because I really have to work part time, I have no other choice but to decrease my course load。
I would also like to request a tuition refund.I am sorry for any inconveniences I have caused by this change in plans.This decision was not taken lightly, and I do appreciate the kind consideration you have shown to me.Thank you for your attention to these requests.If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at 82036600.I look forward to hearing from you soon。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming
(134 words)
五、邀请信参考范文
Directions:
You want to invite some friends to a party.Write an invitation letter to them individually:
1)Invite them to the party。
2)Elaborate on the reason why such a party should be held。
3)What activities will be arranged for them。
Dear Xiaobao，I will hold a dinner party at my house on April 1, 2006 to celebrate Mr.Old Fish’s marriage with Miss Fujiwora.As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to participate in the celebration and share our joy。
The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony.This will be followed by a dinner party.At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss。
If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming
(118 words)
六、道歉信参考范文
Directions:
You have already had a date with your friend but suddenly have another thing to do and you have to tell your friend that you can’t go.Express your reason clearly in about 100 words。
Do not sign your name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead。
Don’t write the address。
Dear Jane，I am excessively sorry to tell you that I won’t be able to come this afternoon because I have to go to the airport at 2:00 p.m.to meet an overseas visitor from Australia。
I really have kept our date in my mind all these days.However, I received my boss’e-mail this morning, and he asked me to go to the airport to meet one of his friends from abroad.It’s sudden and urgent and I must go。
I’m sorry for any inconvenience caused.Please forgive me.Would you please ring me up to make another time? We may meet again and I hope to see you soon。
Sincerely，Li Ming
(115 words)
七、感谢信参考范文
Directions:
While your family was on vacation, your friend, Mary looked after your dog, Smart.Now you came back, write a letter to her to show your gratitude。
Your letter should be no less than 100 words.You don’t need to write the address.Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter;use “Li Ming” instead。
Dear Mary，I am writing to express our heartfelt thanks for your taking good care of Smart while we were on holiday。
He was such a happy dog when we got home.We knew he must have had lots of loving attention.When we picked up him from the kennel in your home he would whimper and carry on for hours。
You not only saved us some money, but also spared us the worry about him while we were away.Your kind help is very appreciated, not only by Smart, but also by our whole family as well.Please accept our thanks again。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming
(107 words)
八、询问信参考范文
Directions:
As part of a student social survey project, you are leading a group to visit an exhibition in a small town.Write a letter:
1)ask for information regarding such things as the contents of the exhibition，2)the dates of its opening and closing，3)any discounts。
Dear Sir or Madam，I am organizing a group of students to pay a visit to the historical exhibition in your town.I am writing the letter in purpose of inquiring/seeking/obtaining/requesting information concerning/regarding the following aspects。
First of all, what is the size of the exhibition, what is its theme and what objects are on display? Secondly, what are the dates between which the exhibition will be held, and what are the daily opening hours?
I must point out that I hope to bring over students to the exhibition.So I would like to inquire if there is any discount available on entrance tickets for students.I look forward to your reply。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming
(116 words)
九、推荐信参考范文
Directions:
One of your friends wants to apply for a job involving working with foreign teenagers.Write a letter:
1)Recommend him/her。
2)Describe his/her past experience。
3)Explain the reasons。
Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing to you to recommend one of my best friends, Zhou Botong, for this post.With his outstanding leadership and cheerful personality, he was elected chairperson of the Student Union of Fudan University several times。
Busy as he was, he completed his major, teenage psychology, with an outstanding school record.Upon graduation he was assigned to be a teacher in Fudan Middle School.What’s more, he loves his job and enjoys working with children.This has won him great popularity among his students。
Therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend him as an ideal candidate for the post you advertised.I am sure you will make a wise decision in hiring him。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming
(122 words)
十、祝贺信参考范文
Directions：
Suppose that your friend’s birthday is coming.Write a letter in about 100 words to congratulate her.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead。
Dear Helen，I remember all the time that your birthday is around the corner.I am sure all the friends and relatives are planning a grand birthday party and happy surprises for you.May I join them in wishing you a happy birthday?
How I wish I could stretch out my hand to shake with you, but you are so far away on the other side of the globe.Do you know how much I cherish our friendship during the past ten years, and how much I anticipate maintaining it for the years to come?
I write this letter to send my heartiest congratulations.I am sure that your birthday party will be a great success and I wish you many happy returns。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming
(126 words)
十一、辞职信参考范文
Directions:
You have been working in Morning Star Company for two years.However, you want to pursue your Master’s degree this September.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss, Mr.Johnson, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s)，and making an apology。
Write your letter with no less than 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address。
Dear Mr.Johnson，I am sure it will come as no surprise that I wish to resign my position as a sales representative.I have enjoyed working with you and the staff in the Morning Star Company for these two years.Yon have given me plenty of help and encouragement。
However, our work with local community groups has inspired me to return for my Master’s degree in social work.I appreciate how valuable such a degree can be in my field of endeavor.I’d like to pursue my Master’s degree in autumn, and would appreciate it if you would accept my resignation before September 3.I will be able to stay on through the summer and help you find a replacement for my position.Thank you for all the patience, wisdom, and experience that you shared with me.I will always remember my time with the Morning Star with great affection, and hope to work with you and the staff again in the future.I am sorry for any inconvenience caused。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming
(175 words)
十二、介绍信参考范文
Directions:
You are writing your first letter to a pen pal。
1)Describe your previous studies and work experience。
2)Your current activities, hobbies and interests。
3)Suggest meeting him/her。
Dear Audrey，Hi!My name is Li Ming.I am very glad to have this chance to write to you and become pen pals。
Let me first introduce myself.I’m currently working as a computer programmer in a large multi-national company.I graduated from Beijing Normal University with a Bachelor’s Degree in computer science in 2005.My hobbies include listening to pop music and traveling。
This summer, I will be traveling with Mr.Yang Guo to Norway.If you are free, I would be very happy to meet you in person.Well, let me finish here.I am already eagerly awaiting your reply.I hope that we can become good friends。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming
(115 words)
十三、申请信参考范文
Directions:
You are a student of Fudan University.Write an application to get a scholarship for your graduate study in another university in America.You should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address。
Dear Sir，I am writing to apply for a scholarship in your university in order that I could pursue my graduate study for the Master’s Degree in your university.Here is my personal information for you。
I was born in 1981 in Shanghai.I was admitted to the Physics Department of Fudan University in 2000 and will graduate this June.During my four academic years, besides my major, physics, I also take such selective courses as chemistry, computer and mathematics.I have made straight grades on all required subjects.Moreover, I have passed CET6 and kept on learning English all these years.So I don’t think I will have any problems in language during my study in your country。
If my application could be taken into favorable consideration, I would be most grateful.And I am looking forward to your early reply。
Enclosed are my score reports on all subjects and two recommendations。
Sincerely yours，Li Ming
(157 words)
十四、便笺参考范文
Directions:
Suppose that you cannot return the book to Ma Bin in person for some emergency and will ask someone else to return it.Write a note in about 100 words to inform him of it.Do not sign your own name at the end of your note, using “Li Ming” instead。
Dear Ma Bin，I would like to apologize for my not being able to return in person the book you lent me last Wednesday.You know, I have done a parttime job as a private teacher.Originally the lessons were scheduled on Saturday.But it happens that my student is going to take part in a football match this Saturday, the day after tomorrow and so the lesson is shifted to tomorrow evening, which renders me to meet you then。
But don’t worry.I have asked a classmate to return that book for me.She is a pretty girl with short curly hair, and will go to your dormitory at 7:00 tomorrow evening。
Thank you again for your book.It is really helpful to my English assignment。
Yours，Li Ming
(130 words)
十五、通知参考范文
Directions:
Write a notice in about 100 words for the Office of Fudan University to inform the teachers, workers and some students of a meeting to commend the advanced teachers and workers。
NOTICE
To commend the advanced teachers and workers, whose performance is outstanding in the year of 2004, a meeting will be held at 3:00 p.m.in the first Meeting Room on Friday.Our president will preside over the meeting in person and make a year-end summing up of the work of our university.What makes us feel even more honored is that the director of the Bureau of Education will attend the meeting, make an encouragement speech, and give out rewards to the advanced teachers and workers personally。
All teachers, staff and junior and senior students are requested to be present on time。
The Office of Fudan University
Dec.27, 2004
(112 words)
十六、备忘录参考范文
Directions:
You are the president of a company.Write a memo to Percy Shelley, the vice-president on the employee’s training on computer:
1)the need to train the employees，2)detailed information，3)ask him to write a plan。
To: Percy Shelley, Vice President
From: Li Ming, President
Date: January 10th, 2006
Subject: Computer Training of the Staff
As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff.We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field。
I would like you to design our own inhouse computertraining program.We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn。
Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover.Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks.Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in computer science。
6.2011年英语俱乐部策划 篇六
英语俱乐部旨在激发同学们的英语学习的兴趣和激情，营造一个良好的英语学习的氛围，促进社员良好的学习风气的形成和保持，提高社员英语应用和学习能力。1.英语晨读
活动目的：加强英语语感，营造良好的学习气氛，同时也可以端正社员的学习态 度，锻炼学生的毅力。
活动日程：本学期从第11周开始，具体时间是每天早上7：00——7：45。活 动地点：植物园，天气恶劣情况下到教室(11月下旬冷的时候，可以申请一个教 室)。2.英语角
活动目的：提高社员的英语口语水平，增强其现时英语交流的能力，提高其英语 学习兴趣。
活动日程：包括英语角活动的宣传，英语角活动准备，具体时间有海报通知。活动地点：鼓楼英语角
活动前进行海报宣传，活动之前贴出。
活动主要由英语俱乐部的组织部策划，具体活动待定。3.英语水平测试
活动目的： 感受考试氛围，为四级考试积累经验。活动时间：四级考试之前 活动地点：博雅楼 活动形式：考试
5、原生电影配套英文对白 活动目的：提供的英文原声电影的英文对白，更好实现英语俱乐部各个部门的合 作，同时使
社员更好的利用英文电影资源，在有限的时间内学习更多的知识。活动时间：由社长根据社员时间安排 活动地点：博雅楼
6、做游戏、学英语
活动目的：培养社员学习英语的乐趣，使社员轻轻松松学英语。活动时间：社员时间比较充裕的周末 活动地点：空旷的操场或者教室
7.2011年英语英译汉 篇七
1.【2011年日照市高三二模】With China's rising economy, ______ car is becoming ______ common means of transportation.
A. a; the B. 不填; a
C. the; a D. the; the
2.【临沂市2011届高三第二次模拟考试】
— Mr. Smith, here is my homework.
— ______ , young man. Keep it up and you'll make progress.
A. Congratulations B. Good job
C. You are welcome D. Be careful
3. 【2011年山师附中高考打靶考试】
— Tom, you get dead drunk again!
— ______ It's none of your business.
A. What for B. How come
C. Why not D. So what
4. 【2011年济南市高三二模】
— Would you do me a favor to choose a wedding dress?
— Of course, but it is a matter of personal ______ .
A. concern B. sense
C. style D. taste
5. 【2011年日照市高三二模】The school is trying its best to make more accommodations ______ for the increasing students.
A. approachable B. accessible
C. affordable D. available
6. 【枣庄市2011届高三教学质量检测试题(一模)】We should spend more time on ______ matters. That means saying less and doing more.
A. optimistic B. specific
C. practical D. social
7. 【2011年莱芜市高三二模】
— How did you find your visit to the museum?
— I thoroughly enjoyed it. It has ______ than I expected.
A. far more interesting
B. even much interesting
C. so more interesting
D. a lot much interesting
8. 【2011年青岛市高三教学质量统一检测(一摸)】— Do you think our basketball team played very well yesterday?
— ______ .
A. They were not nervous at all
B. They were still young
C. They played naturally
D. They couldn't have done better
9.【2011年潍坊市高考适应性训练(一模)】The old man came to our restaurant so ______ that all of us were familiar with him.
A. frequently B. gradually
C. fluently D. equally
10. 【2011年青岛市高三教学质量统一检测(一摸)】— Do you really want to go out?
— It may rain. ______ , I shall go out; I don't mind the rain.
A. Anyhow B. Otherwise
C. Somehow D. Therefore
11. 【2011年潍坊市高考适应性训练(二模)】I put my eye to the microscope and see nothing at all, ______ something unclear and milky.
A. including B. besides
C. except D. beyond
12.【威海市2011届高三最后一模】
— Did you switch your jobs?
— Yeah, I did, ______ it's definitely been a change for the better.
A. but B. and C. or D. so
13. 【2011年山东省实验中学高三二模】The architecture styles here are quite different from ______ in any city we have visited.
A. that B. them C. ones D. those
14. 【济宁市2011届高考模拟考试一】
— Mr. Priestly has just accepted our offer over the phone.
— Good, but you must ask him to ______ it in writing.
A. consume B. confirm
C. consult D. conduct
15. 【泰安市2011届高三一模】 In face of difficulty, it's very important to ______ a good state of mind.
A. keep on B. keep up
C. keep off D. keep out
16. 【临沂市2011届高三第一次模拟考试】It was raining hard, but by the time the class was over, the rain ______ .
A. had stopped B. was stopping
C. stopped D. would stop
17. 【2011年烟台市高三适应性练习(一)】My toothache ______ me. I thought it was going away, but it is getting worse now.
A. kills B. is killing
C. has killed D. killed
18.【枣庄市2011届高三教学质量检测试题(一模)】You'll have to wait while your bicycle ______ .
A. is repaired B. is repairing
C. repairs D. is being repaired
19. 【济宁市2011届高考模拟考试一】
—Tom is very upset. I wish I ______ him the disappointing news.
— I told you not to, but you wouldn't listen.
A. didn't tell B. hadn't told
C. haven't told D. wouldn't tell
20. 【泰安市2011届高三一模】The food, ______ good, was soon sold out when it was taken to the market.
A. tasted B. being tasted
C. tasting D. having tasted
21. 【2011年日照市高三二模】The British are proud of the 2012 Olympic Games ______ in London.
A. to hold B. to be held
C. holding D. being held
22. 【2011年潍坊市高考适应性训练(二模)】 ______ about his own safety, Peter put a card on the back of his car reading “Caution—Newly Licensed ”.
A. Concerned B. Concerning
C. Having concerned D. Being concerned
23. 【青岛市高三教学质量统一检测(一摸)】
— I regret to say that I ______ have shouted at you the other day.
— Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't
C. couldn't D. mightn't
24. 【济宁市2011届高考模拟考试一】Air pollution, together with littering, ______ many problems in our large industrial cities today.
A. causes cause
C. caused causing
25. 【2011年日照市高三二模】I still remember the story, ______ , that we got lost in the mountain picnic.
A. above all B.as a result
C. believe it or not D.on the contrary
26. 【临沂市2011届高三第二次模拟考试】There stands an old tree with a history of over 500 years, ______ many branches have broken off.
A. that B.when
C. of which D.which
27. 【2011年山东省实验中学高三二模】Please remember ______ wins you respect is not your background but your knowledge and virtues.
A. that B.what C. which D.where
28. 【2011年淄博市高三一摸】
— Are you still thinking about the email Tony sent you yesterday?
— Oh, to tell the truth, that's ______ makes me feel excite.
A. what B,how C. that D.why
29. 【2011年日照市高三二模】Convenient ______ private cars are for us, they may also cause traffic accidents and pollution.
A. while B.as C. if D.since
30. 【2011年淄博市高三一摸】 ______ the key to the car when my boss came towards me. Finally I could drive him home as usual.
A. Never had I found B.Seldom did I find
C. Hardly had I found D.No sooner did I find
(二)河南
1.(2011年南阳二模)It was after Tom had ______ unforgettable experience that he learnt ______ value of showing kindness to other people.
A.an;the B.an;a
C./;a D./;the
2. (2011年南阳五校联考)
—Jane, will you go with me to the Xi'an 2011 International Gardening Exposition this Friday?
— ______ ,Kate, but I promised Mary I'd go with her.
A.Thanks B.My pleasure
C.Take it easy D.Forget it
3. (2011年郑州一中月考)It sounds like that she must have had a difficult time studying abroad. ______
A.have she B.must she
C.didn't she D.mustn't she
4. (2011年南阳五中检测)It was ______ this year he ______ the class meeting.
A. for the first time; haven't attended
B. the first time; hadn't attended
C. the first time; didn't attend
D. for the first time; doesn't attend
5. (2011年郑州九中质量检测)The film had already been on for quite some time when they ______ at the cinema.
A.arrived B.had arrived
C.arrive D.have arrived
6. (2011年郑州十六中评估)
—A traffic jam?
— Oh,no. ______ , the right side of the road is closed for the time being.
A.To be repaired B.Repaired
C.Being repaired D.Having repaired
7. (2011年郑州中学段考)People take naps at noon in warmer climates, ______ the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon.
A. where B. which C. that D. what
8. (2011年开封一中质量检测)Mrs. Wang is holding a vase of the Song dynasty which cost her a lot of money.It's easy to see that she is ______ because she walks so slowly.
A.excited B.curious
C.cautious D.proud
9. (2011年河师大附中质量检测)Is it ______ Li Na, a Chinese famous tennis player, has achieved at the French Open ______ you are happy so much?
A.what;that B.that;what
C.that;it D.it;that
10. (2011年郑州联考) Many people hold the view ______ light punishment is the primary reason ______ drunk driving has increased in the past few years.
A. that; why B. that; which
C. what; that D. which; why
11. (2011年郑州九中月考)
— Without your help, I wouldn't have finished my task in time. Thank you.
— ______ .
A.You're so polite B.Think nothing of it
C.Not worth thanking D.Sorry to hear that
12. (2011年雪枫中学月考)Sandy requested a detailed explanation from the teacher because she didn't ______ the meaning of his words.
A.analyse B.preview
C.express D.absorb
13. (2011年郑州外国语学校质量检测)The college student is driving his dad's car at full speed down the way on the campus of the university. ______ it is!
A. What a dangerous scene
B. What dangerous a scene
C. How a dangerous scene
D. How dangerous the scene
14. (2011年郑州九中质量检测)Why not give your son a ______ to look after his younger sister. Maybe he can do it very well.
A. pass B. chance
C. lift D. call
15. (2011年郑州回民中学质量评估) I would appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will be coming.
A. it B. that C. you D. this
16. (2011年洛阳二模) ______ is expected, according to the online survey, is ______ the price of housing will not go up any more.
A. As; what B. It; that
C. What; that D. What; which
17. (2011年周口三校联考)In our class, some boy students are fond of football ______ others are fond of basketball.
A.when B.since C.as D.while
18. (2011年新乡二模)It may rain,but ______ we shall go out for the work must be finished today.
A.anyhow B.somewhat
C.somehow D.any more
19. (2011年信阳期末)
— As a Giant Panda breeding angel of love, you must take great pains to learn all these subjects well.
— I will. No efforts will be ______ in the study of them.
A.taken B.shared
C.spent D.spared
20. (2011年南阳期末)Chen Guangbiao doesn't think a lot of his money. ______ , he has devoted most he has to the Wenchuan post-disaster reconstruction.
A. Meanwhile B. However
C. Instead D. Yet
21. (2011年郑州九中质量检测)With the development of new country construction, the time is not far away ______ modern communications will become widespread in China's ______ countryside.
A.as;huge B.until;large
C.before;wide D.when;vast
22. (2011年三门峡联考)As soon as the coal mine accident took place on Oct 16 2010 in Yuzhou City in central China's Henan province, the police were sent there to ______ the case.
A.look over B.look up
C.look into D.look through
23. (2011年驻马店二模)Hearing the news that Deng Yaping, President of People Search, is coming to the hotel, thousands of the masses are ______ at the entrance to the hotel wanting to have a look at her.
A. collected B. gathered
C. met D. grouped
24. (2011年许昌期末统考)Chinese President Hu has recently urged the general public, especially young people, to ______ Guo Mingyi's example of the virtues of selfless devotion and enthusiasm for his work.
A.copy B.listen C.set D.make
25. (2011年南阳统考)If he is determined to do a good thing,Guo Mingyi, known for his generosity in assisting poor people, will do so ______ what others say.
A.in spite of B.in terms of
C.in consequence of D.regardless of
26. (2011年河大附中检测)“Every dog has his day” is a saying, ______ that everyone gets his chance of doing well.
A.to mean B.meant
C.meaning D.mean
27. (2011年西峡一中月考)As we all know, the Internet will let people have ______ to huge amounts of information from their own homes.
A. entrance B. way
C. means D. access
28. (2011年南阳高二期终)Now it's Oct.19, 2011. The students feel excited because the New Year's Day is ______ .
A. by hand B. at hand
C. in hand D. on hand
29. (2011年安阳二模) Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr. and Mrs. Addison without hurting the feeling of ______ , but failed.
A. none B. neither C. all D. either
30. (2011年商丘统考)
— I didn't go to Lucy's birthday party.
— What a pity! You ______ .
A. could B. should
C. ought to have D. ought to
(三)江苏
1.(2011扬州三模)The number of those missing in the New Zealand's quake was reported more than 200, including those recovered bodies that have yet to be ______ .
A. judged B. recognized
C. identified D. confirmed
2.(2011扬州三模)He kept a notebook, in which ______ the telephone numbers and email addresses of his friends.
A. wrote B. have written
C. was written D. were written
3.(2011扬州三模)She'll never forget her trip there ______ she first met her lifelong friend who married her two years ago.
A. that B. which
C. where D. when
4.(2011扬州三模)This ipod is of good quality. If it ______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
5.(2011扬州三模) ______ scores of times, but Derek still couldn't understand how to use past participle in a concrete situation.
A. Having explained
B. Having been explained
C. Though it was explained
D. It was explained
6.(2011南京三模)
— Forgive the mess in here; we had a party last night.
— Yeah, I can tell. I guess it's pretty obvious what you ______ most of today.
A. have done B. do
C. did D. will be doing
7.(2011南京三模)
—Wow! It's already six. I think it is time for dinner.
— ______ . Continue tomorrow.
A. Well, let's call it a day
B. Take your time
C. That's all right
D. With pleasure
8.(2011徐州三模)At the financial conference of the local government, all of those present agreed that money must be borrowed to cover the gap between expenses and ______ .
A. reserve B. revenue
C. review D. rescue
9.(2011徐州三模)
— Don't forget to ______ when you settle down there.
— Trust me, I won't. I'll email you as soon as I get there.
A. call on me B. drop me a line
C. stick with me D. get on with me
10.(2011徐州三模)
— Thank God! The accident was avoided after all.
— That was lucky, but ten inches nearer and the two cars ______ .
A. were destroyed
B. would be destroyed
C. would have been destroyed
D. had been destroyed
11.(2011徐州三模)
— The manager has come from his business trip. He is asking you for the report.
— Oh, my god! I haven't finished it yet. But he ______ back at the company tomorrow.
A. will be expected B. will expect
C. expected D. was expected
12.(2011南通三模)Most students' attitudes towards fashion are reported ______ nowadays in a recent survey.
A. changing B. to be changing
C. having changed D. to be changed
13.(2011南通三模)Henry hurried to the library only to find a notice at the gate, saying “No ______ before 12 noon.”
A. permission B. admission
C. submission D. commission
14.(2011南通三模)Many people tend to buy things from big stores, ______ they believe the qualities are good.
A. at which B. of which
C. which D. where
15.(2011苏北四市三模)
— Mum, could I go out to play now?
— Let me See ... Yes, ______ you have finished all your school assignment.
A. until B. unless
C. while D. since
16.(2011苏北四市三模)I tried to come closer to watch the bird, but as soon as it noticed me, ______ into the woods.
A. away it flew B. away flew it
C. did it fly away D. did away it fly
17.(2011苏北四市三模)The great damage which the destructive earthquake in Japan in March 11, 2011 ______ made a great many people homeless.
A. brought in B. brought about
C. brought up D. brought out
18.(2011苏北四市三模)Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has ______ a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.
A. adapted B. admired
C. adopted D. admitted
19.(2011苏州期末调研)
— What's your plan for the weekend?
— We have arranged to play tennis on Saturday afternoon, ______ .
A. if weather permit B. weather permitting
C. weather permits D. weather is permitted
20.(2011苏州期末调研)It is the ______ that make the gold of the image precious.
A. fatted calf B. little bird
C. apple of your eye D. feet of clay
21.(2011苏北四市一模)The drinking water in the village is heavily polluted by the chemical works nearby. And ______ with fresh and clean water, the locals appeal to the media.
A. supplied B. to be supplied
C. supplying D. being supplied
22.(2011苏北四市一模)
— Susan was happy like crazy!
— Oh, yes! Her parents approved of her adventurous trip to African that she ______ for years.
A. has been expecting B. was expecting
C. had been expecting D. would be expecting
23.(2011苏北四市一模)
— I am afraid I am a man without luck. I have been trying and have always been turned away.
— ______ . Just have a little patience.
A. Things at the worst will mend
B. Time and tide wait for no man
C. Fear always springs from ignorance
D. Troubles never come singly
24.(2011南通一模)
— I counted sheep, I drank milk and I tried everything, but nothing helped.
— It seems you ______ too much recently. Try some sleeping pills.
A. worked B. work
C. had worked D. have been working
25.(2011南通一模)
— Are you going to find a job back in your hometown?
— Well, I haven't decided yet. I ______ find some other choices.
A. would B. must C. should D. might
26.(2011南通一模)When electric cars become ______ , we'll need to build more charging stations.
A. available B. accessible
C. attractive D. alternative
27.(2011南通一模)As he was getting onto the stage, Dan closed his eyes and took a deep breath to rid himself ______ his fears.
A. by B. of C. from D. to
28.(2011苏锡常镇二模)On February 27, 2011, Premier Wen Jiabao held an online chat with Internet users across ______ country and overseas, ______ third time the leader had participated in the event.
A. the,;the B. a; a
C. 不填;the D. 不填;a
29.(2011苏锡常镇二模)Some young people's wedding ceremonies may take your breath away, but they are almost ______ to take their parents' lifetime savings away.
A. certain B. surely
C. possible D. probably
30.(2011南京一模)Although ______ , the Acropolis is still handling serious problems such as deliberate damage and stealing of stones.
A. conserving B. to be conserved
C. having conserved D. being conserved
(四)河北
1. (2011年石家庄质检一)Last night they held ______ party to celebrate their victory in ______ basketball match.
A. a; the B. a; a
C. the; a D. 不填; a
2.(2011年唐山二模) ______ to a key university, students have to work very hard.
A.Being admitted B.To admit
C.Having admitted D.To be admitted
3. (2011年邯郸二模)People regard the wheel as ______ invention of the first importance in ______ human history.
A. an; the B. the; the
C. the; 不填 D. an;不填
4.(2011年石家庄质检一)
— The driving test is coming in two weeks!
— ______ , Linda. You have been doing well in your training.
A. Take your time B. Take it easy
C. Take it over D. Take it seriously
5. (2011年邯郸二模)
— Excuse me, is the swimming pool open all day?
— ______ . Only from 4∶00 pm to 11∶00 pm.
A. That's right
B. Yes, of course
C. Sorry, I'm afraid not
D. Sorry, I'm not sure
6. (2011年保定二模) ______ out of bed,he dressed so quickly that he put on his jacket inside out.
A. Jumped B. To jump
C. Being jumped D. Jumping
7. (2011年邯郸二模)Some soldiers were reported ______ in the air strike in Libya last week.
A. to kill B. to be killed
C. to have been killed D. killed
8. (2011年衡水一调) ______ and popular gives one a sort of feeling that nothing can replace.
A. Being needed B. Having needed
C. Needing D. To have been needed
9.(2011年邢台一模)Don't interrupt me, Ok? I ______ a farewell tea party.
A.will attend B.attended
C.am attending D.attend
10. (2011年石家庄质检一)
— Would you like to go camping this weekend?
— Camping? Great. I ______ tents and fresh air!
A. have loved B. loved
C. will love D. love
11.(2011年唐山二模)
— Is Martin still lost in playing computer games?
— No.So far he ______ without it for four weeks.
A.has gone B.goes
C.went D.had gone
12. (2011年石家庄质检一)All the neighbors admire this family, ______ the children and parents build up a friendly relationship.
A. why B. where C. which D. that
13. (2011年保定二模)Once the sandstorm appears,it will be many years ______ the situation improves.
A. until B. before
C. since D. when
14. (2011年邯郸二模)Having travelled for two days, the travelers finally reached ______ is the capital city of the state now.
A. it B. what C. where D. which
15. (2011年衡水一调)Is ______ Qinghai-Tibet Railway plays an important role in China's railway history the topic that you are coming to?
A. what B. it C. this D. that
16.(2011年唐山二模)
— What a terrible mistake! I'm finished!
— Don't lose heart! Get up ______ you fell.
A.where B.when
C.unless D.until
17. (2011年衡水一调)It was not until the boat was out of sight ______ their hands.
A. did they stop waving
B. that they stopped waving
C. they don't stop waving
D. had they stopped waving
18.(2011唐山二模)The library is the most suitable place for me to study in, for nowhere else ______ such perfect silence.
A.is there B.there is
C.it is D.is it
19.(2011年衡水一调)I was much impressed by the great changes and fast pace of life in Shanghai ______ I came to visit this fantastic city.
A. at the first time B. for the first time
C. by the first time D. the first time
20. (2011年邯郸二模)Tod wanted to join the football team but was ______ because he was not tall enough.
A. turned in B. turned to
C. turned down D. turned back
21. (2011年保定二模)Yoga (瑜伽)can not only ______ one's strength,but also develop one's character.
A. bring up B. take up
C. build up D. pull up
22. (2011年石家庄质检一)By making friends with the native speakers, one can ______ a lot of their language.
A. take up B. set up
C. pick up D. put up
23. (2011年衡水一调)Have you ever felt your cheeks get hot, your palms sweaty or been afraid to ______ your teacher's eyes when they are about to call on someone?
A. take on B. look into
C. occur to D. look up
24. (2011年石家庄质检一)
— I want to have a word with your father.
— He ______ well refuse to speak to you because he is in trouble.
A. may B. can C. need D. must
25.(2011年邢台一模)Michael is always doing well in maths. But sometimes he ______ be a failure.
A.can B.shall C.must D.will
26.(2011年唐山二模)I want to buy a pair of sports shoes, ______ at a proper price, but of good quality.
A.that B.one C.those D.ones
27. (2011年保定二模) The number 2008 is a special number, ______ ,I think,will be remembered by the Chinese forever.
A. one B. it C. what D. which
28. (2011年石家庄质检一)We have a round-the-city race on New Year's Day, which is the greatest outdoor ______ of the year.
A. matter B. event
C. case D. affair
29.(2011年保定二模)Unemployment in some countries remains high in 2010,and ______ for the next few years.
A. possibly B. necessarily
C. gradually D. nearly
30. (2011年衡水一调)The plane departs at 8∶00, so we may as well be at the airport ______ 7∶00 at the latest.
A. by B. after C. till D. in
(五)安徽
1.(合肥市2011届高三第二次质量检测)The hero said he didn't think twice ______ diving into the freezing river to rescue that child.
A. before B. after
C. until D. when
2. (皖南八校2011届高三第一次联考) Although you have traveled to many scenic spots before, ______ of them are as attractive as the one I visited this summer vacation.
A. any B. none
C. neither D. all
3. (皖南八校2011届高三第一次联考)
— The film Tangshan Earthquake will be on at 7∶30 pm. Shall I pick you up at 6∶40 pm?
— OK, I ______ you at that time.
A. was waiting for
B. shall be waiting for
C. have been waiting for
D. shall have waited for
4. (皖南八校2011届高三第一次联考)
— I wonder whom you are waiting for?
— The policeman ______ the traffic accident.
A. dealt with B. to deal with
C. will deal with D. to be dealt with
5.(合肥市2011届高三第三次质量检测)
— Can I pay the bill by check?
— Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment ______ be paid in cash.
A. will B. can
C. should D. shall
6. (皖北协作区2011届高三联考) Chery China in Wuhu has set up another environmentally friendly car factory in ______ used to be a heavily polluted land.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
7. (皖北协作区2011届高三联考) More and more people have been accustomed to separating their waste to make it easier ______ .
A. reusing B. reused
C. to be reused D. reuses
8. (皖北协作区2011届高三联考)
—My dog was killed in the traffic accident.
— ______ I played with it yesterday morning.
A. What a pity! B. I beg your pardon?
C. Sorry to hear that. D. Is that so?
9. (皖南八校2011届高三第三次联考) We bought the house for its ______ . It is very near the shop where I work.
A. character B. value
C. convenience D. construction
10. (皖南八校2011届高三第三次联考)Jack believes that he knows his wife's business better than she knows it ______ .
A. oneself B. herself
C. itself D. himself
11. (皖南八校2011届高三第三次联考) If we forgive criminals, we might become a society of endless excuses ______ no one accepts responsibility for anything.
A. which B. where
C. when D. as
12.(合肥一中及其联谊学校2011届高三第二次全省联考) It is said that the novel J.K Rowling had devoted so many years to ______ published last week.
A. get B. gets
C. got D. getting
13. (合肥一中2011冲刺最后1卷)The child walked quietly to the bird. ______ into the forest when he was about to catch it.
A.Flew it away B.Away flew it
C.Flew away it D.Away it flew
14. (合肥一中2011冲刺最后1卷)The organizer has been building an Expo Village for the participants, but other choices will also be ______ if the Expo Village does not satisfy their needs.
A.accessible B.available
C.affordable D. approvable
15. (合肥一中2011冲刺最后1卷) The Amazon valley is very important to the natural balance of the earth.Forty percent of the world's oxygen ______ there.
A.produces B.has produced
C.has been produced D.is produced
16. (2011年安徽省江南十校高三联考) It was so quiet in the classroom that a needle ______ to drop onto the floor.
A. could hear
B. as to be heard
C. could have been heard
D. must be heard
17. (2011年安徽省江南十校高三联考)
— What do you mean by this?
— No need for you to worry about your money and be angry with me. You ______ get it this afternoon.
A. will B. shall
C. may D. need
18. (2011年安徽知名省级示范高中第三次联考)— The big clock has been used many years.
— Well, ______ it doesn't work occasionally.
A. that's because B. it's no wonder that
C. there's no doubt if D. it's unlikely that
19. (2011年安徽知名省级示范高中第三次联考)A beam of light will not bend round the corners unless ______ to do so with the help of a reflecting device.
A. being done B. to be made
C. made D. having made
20. (合肥八中2011届高三第一轮复习联考)— ______ the team finished most of their research work?
— Yes, but the rest ______ rather difficult.
A.Has; are B.Has; is
C.Have; are D.Have; is
21. (合肥八中2011届高三第一轮复习联考)If Sarkozy's policy goes through, France will raise the retirement age ______ two years to 62 by 2018.
A.from B.in
C.by D.between
22. (2011年安徽省江南十校高考二模冲刺卷)— What impresses you most about your hometown?
— The street, the length of which is four times ______ it was eight years ago.
A.that B.as C.than D.what
23. (2011年安徽省江南十校高考二模冲刺卷)The villagers are extremely thankful to him, without whose help the road to the village ______ .
A.can't be built
B.couldn't have been built
C.mustn't be built
D.mustn't have been built
24. (2011年安庆一中、合肥六中临考卷)Mr. Smith settled in China in 1995, since when the country ______ great changes in all aspects.
A. witnessed B. had seen
C. has witnessed D. saw
25. (2011年安庆一中、合肥六中临考卷) ______ to worry about your son; he is old enough to look after himself.
A. It's no use B. It's no wonder
C. There's no point D. There's no need
26. (2011年安徽知名省级示范高中第二次联考)The local government is making a plan that many new apartments ______ in the earthquake-hit area.
A. will be built B. would be built
C. will build D. are building
27. (2011年安徽知名省级示范高中第一次联考)The book has been considered as ______ must-read one for those who want to get ______ success.
A. the; a B. a; a
C. a; / D. the; /
28. (2011年安徽20所省级示范高中名校高三联考)— Is there any practical way to help the children get rid of such a bad habit?
— To be honest, it's not very easy, but we ______ on it.
A. work B. worked
C. are working D. were working
29. (安徽名校2011届高三第一次联考)
— I'm sorry, but there's no smoking room in this section on the train.
— Oh, I ______ that, and I won't smoke again.
A. don't know B. won't know
C. didn't know D. haven't known
30. (2011年安徽省高考冲刺信息卷三)
— Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most?
— ______ . They are expensive and of little use.
A. None B. Neither
C. All D. Both
(六)江西
1. (2011年抚州一中、赣州一中、吉安一中、九江一中、萍乡中学 、新余一中、宜春中学、上饶县中学联合考试)
— How's everything going?
— ______ .
A. Everything is finished
B. Not so bad, you know
C.Everything has been done
D. Not doing wrong, you know
2. (江西省重点中学协作体2011届高三第三次联考)We all know ______ different life today is from that of the past.
A. how B. how a C. what D. what a
3. (修水一中2011届高三高考适应性测试四) Recently The Times has a special section ______ to the UK royal wedding for Prince William and his sweetheart Kate Middleton.
A. buried B. dived
C. addicted D. devoted
4.(江西师大附中高三年级英语第三次模拟试卷)The manager's demand was that the data ______ to in his report ______ to Mr. Andrew without delay.
A. referred; be e-mailed
B. referring; should be e-mailed
C. referred; were e-mailed
D. was referred; must be e-mailed
5. (吉安市2011届高三第三次模拟考试)
— Is this Mr. Smith's office, Jean?
— Yes, ______ .
A.that's all right B.it doesn't matter
C.after you D.please yourself
6.(赣南师院附中2011届高考热身考试)Mr. Liu always reminds us to go over carefully after the test paper is finished, which would ______ result in careless mistakes.
A. therefore B. somehow
C. otherwise D. meanwhile
7. (2011年江西名校高考信息卷二) ______ , the driver looked at the vast desert without knowing if he could get across safely.
A. Tiredly and sadly B. Tired and sad
C. Tired and sadly D. Tiredly and sad
8.(高安二中2011届高三英语押题系列卷)The woman who's carrying a baby in her arms, ______ aboard first.Don't crowd in!
A. goes B. went C. go D. going
9. (奉新三中第七次月考)
— Who should be responsible for the accident?
— The boss, not the workers. They just carry the orders ______ .
A. as told B. as are told
C. as telling D. as they told
10. (宜春中学2011届高三模拟考试) China opened its door to the outside world in 1978. ______ that had far reaching effects.
A. Did a new development come then
B. Came then a new development
C. Then came a new development
D. Then did a new development come
11.(奉新三中2011届高三第一次周考)China won't be a fast-growing but fragile country. It has to develop its military strength in order to make any power think twice ______ trying to offend China's key interests.
A. before B. when
C. while D. until
12.(上高二中2011届高三全真模拟试卷) The first immigrants settled along the northwest coast of ______ we now call the United States.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
13. (吉安一中2011届最后一次模拟考试)
—Hey! Here is a message on my cell phone, telling me to send money to ...
— Delete it! It's a trick. Many a person ______ by such tricks.
A. has been cheated B. have been treated
C. were cheated D. was cheated
14. (2011届白鹭洲中学高三适应性考试英语试卷) www.videojug.com, which has ______ food and drink channel with clear explanations, is ______ very popular website.
A. a; the B. a; a
C. the; 不填 D. 不填; a
15. (南昌市2010-2011学年度高三第三次模拟测试)What a pity! When we got to the cinema, the movie Let the Bullets Fly ______ , so we saw only the end of it.
A. was finishing B. would be finishing
C. just finished D. had just finished
16. (赣县中学2011届高三适应性考试)Don't worry there's a train at 11∶30 and ______ 12∶50. ______ train will get you to Oxford in time for the meeting.
A. the one; Neither B. the one; Any
C. one; Both D. one; Either
17.(临川一中2011届高三一模考试)Don't let the child who is ______ go to school.
A. so young as to B. not old enough to
C. too young to D. not old enough
18.(临川二中2010-2011学年高三下学期第一次模拟考试)Teddy came to my ______ with a cheque of $200 to pay my room rate, after I told him that my wallet had been stolen.
A. attendance B. assistance
C. rescue D. safety
19. (上饶市2011年第二次高考模拟考试)
— The weather is too cold ______ March this year.
— It was still ______ when I came here years ago.
A. for;colder B. in;cold
C. in;hot D. for;hotter
20. (2011年抚州市第一中学第二次高考模拟考试)It takes ______ money to help those who have suffered in tsunamis in Japan on March 11th; it also takes love.
A. more than B. other than
C. rather than D. less than
21. (江西省重点中学盟校2011届高三第二次联考)It was ______ creative thinking that I took the course, not to get high marks in examinations.
A. developing B. to develop
C. develop D. to have developed
22. (江西省南昌市2010-2011学年度高三第二次模拟)
—What courses are you going to take next term if you want to receive enough credits to get your degree?
— I don't know.But it's about time ______ on something.
A. I'd decide B. I decided
C. I decide D. I'm deciding
23.(2011年新余市高三二模考试)
— I've told Nancy many times about the meeting, but she still forget it!
— I understand. Actually, anyone ______ be very forgetful at times.
A. must B. should
C. would D. can
24. (江西省十所重点中学2011届高三第一次联考)Those who bring sunshine into the lives of others cannot keep ______ from themselves.
A. them B. it C. one D. those
25.(2011年4月赣州市十一县(市)高三年级期中联考)
—What does the sign over there read?
—“No person ______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.”
A. shall B. may C. must D. Will
26. (鹰潭市2011届高三第二次模拟考试)Some people suggest changing the date for the college entrance exams into ______ Saturday and Sunday of the first week of June, which I think is ______ good advice.
A. / ; / B. the; the
C. the; a D. the; /
27. (江西省百所名校2011届高三模拟考试)Although Chinese people traditionally ______ Spring Festival instead of Christmas, the Christmas festive atmosphere can still be felt on December 25.
A. recover B. inspect
C. examine D. observe
28.(江西师大附中、鹰潭一中、宜春中学、新余四中、白鹭洲中学、南昌三中、上饶二中高三英语联考)— When shall we restart our business?
— Not until we ______ our plan.
A. will finish B. are finishing
C. are to finish D. have finished
29. (2011届高三六校联考英语试题)They were standing so far away that I couldn't ______ their faces clearly.
A. make out B. see through
C. see off D. make up
30. (临川一中2011届高三二模考试)Linchuan No.1 Middle School has moved to a new site in the eastern suburbs, ______ its original one.
A. almost as large as ten times
B. more than ten times the size as
C. larger than ten times
D. more than ten times the size of
参考答案与解析:
(一)
1. C 考查冠词。第一个空用定冠词the,表示泛指;第二个空填不定冠词a,指一种交通方式。句意:随着中国经济的不断增长,汽车正成为一种普通交通方式。
2. B 考查交际用语。根据后半句的“Keep it up and you'll make progress”可知,这个学生的作业做得还是可以的。因此老师说“Good job”,意思是“做得非常好”,表示对该学生的赞扬。故答案选B。
3. D 考查交际用语。根据语境,选项D符合题意。So what?那又怎样?
4. D 考查名词辨析。concern关心;sense感觉;style样式;taste口味。a matter of personal taste个人口味的问题;It's all a matter of personal taste.这纯粹是个人的兴趣问题。
5. D 考查形容词辨析。句意:学校正尽全力为不断增加的学生提供更多可利用的食宿设施。approachable可接近的;accessible可进入的;affordable负担得起的;available可利用的,有效的。
6. C 考查形容词辨析。optimistic乐观的,乐观主义的;specific特殊的,特定的;practical实际的;实用的;social社会的,社交的。根据句意,选项C为正确答案。
7. A 考查形容词比较级前的修饰词。在英语中,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级常用某些词或词组加以修饰,来加强语气。常见的表示程度的状语有:far, much, a lot, a bit, a little, even, still等。
8. D 考查形容词比较级的用法。此句是比较级表示最高级的用法。答语是一个省略句,补全后为:They couldn't have done better than they played yesterday. 意思是:Our basketball team played best yesterday.
9. A 考查副词辨析。句意:这位老人来我们饭店如此频繁,以至于我们都对他很熟悉。frequently频繁地,经常地;gradually逐渐地;fluently流利地;equally平等地。
10. A 考查副词辨析。Anyhow无论如何,不管怎样;Otherwise否则;Somehow以某种方法;Therefore因此,所以。句意:无论如何我要出去,我不在乎下雨。
11. C 考查介词辨析。句意:我把眼睛放到显微镜上,除了看到一些不清晰的乳状物外,什么也没看到。including包含,包括;besides除……之外还……;except除……之外;beyond超过,越过。
12. B 考查连词辨析。句意:——你转换工作了吗?——是的,我换了工作,并且肯定是越换越好。句中a change for the better意思是“越变越好”。
13. D 考查代词用法。those代替前面提到的名词复数the architecture styles,避免重复。
14. B 考查动词辨析。consume消费;confirm确认;consult请教;conduct引导。句意:——Priestly先生已经在电话上接受了我们的报价。——好的,可是你必须要他以书面的形式确认一下。
15. B 考查动词短语辨析。keep on继续;keep up保持;keep off让开,不接近;keep out阻止进入。句意:在困难面前,保持良好的心理状态是很重要的。
16. A 考查动词时态。从句中by the time the class was over可知,应用过去完成时态。
17. B 考查动词时态。从后面的but it is getting worse now可知,空白处应用现在进行时。
18. D 考查动词被动语态。句意:当你的自行车在修理时,你将只好等待着。根据句意,本题应该用现在进行时的被动语态。
19. B 考查动词虚拟语气。对过去事情虚拟,应用过去完成时态。故选项B正确。
20. C 考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语tasting good做定语,起补充说明的作用。
21. B 考查非谓语动词。2012年奥运会在伦敦举行是将来的动作,应用不定式,奥运会与动词hold之间是被动关系,所以用不定式的被动式,故选项B正确。
22. A 考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语做状语,表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。
23. A 考查情态动词。“情态动词shouldn't have done”表示“本不应干而干了的事情”,有责备的意味。
24. A 考查主谓一致。本句的主语是抽象名词Air pollution,谓语动词用单数,在这里叙述客观事实,故用一般现在时。
25. C 考查固定搭配。根据句意及逻辑关系,believe it or not“信不信由你”符合题意。
26. C 考查定语从句。根据句意,many branches 与先行词 an old tree 之间是从属关系,因此用 of which。故答案选C。
27. B 考查主语从句。句意:请记住使你受到尊敬的东西不是你的背景,而是你的学识和美德。what wins you respect是remember后面宾语从句中的主语从句。
28. A 考查表语从句。what在表语从句中作主语。句意:那就是使我兴奋的事情。
29. B 考查状语从句。本题是as 引导的状语从句,表语前置。
30. C 考查倒装句式。Hardly ... when ... “一……就”,Hardly后面用过去完成时的疑问形式,when后面用一般过去时态。故选项C正确。
8.2011年英语英译汉 篇八
现在完成时主要有两种用法，即持续性用法和影响性用法。持续性用法表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，此时多半会连用表示持续性的时间状语；后者指的是动作发生于过去，且在过去已经完成，但这个过去发生的动作对现在有影响，此时一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。如：
1.（2010高考福建卷）Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ____ before leaving their hometowns.
A. promisedB. were promised
C. have promisedD. have been promised
【分析】答案选D。看出时态和语态。“许诺”的动作发生在“离开家乡之前”所以用现在完成时。
2.（2010高考四川卷）“When shall we restart our business?” “Not until we ____ our plan.
A. will finishB. are finishing
C. are to finishD. have finished
【分析】答案选D。因为在时间和条件状语从句中常用现在时表将来，所以排除A，而这里是表示将来完成时，所以选D。
另外，同学们还要特别注意以下这些习惯上要与现在完成时连用的短语和句型：so far(到目前为止)，since(自从)， in[for, during] the past[last]…years(在过去…年中)， by now(到现在为止)， up to[until] now(到现在为止)， It’s [will be] the first time that…(第一次……)等。
二、过去完成时考点
过去完成时是一种相对时态，即以某一过去时间作参照，过去完成时表示的动作发生在这一过去时间之前，所以我们可以简单地用”过去的过去“这五个字来理解过去完成时态。”如：
1.（2010高考山东卷）He ____ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.
A. has learnedB. would have learned
C. learnedD. had learned
【分析】答案选 D。因为上大学是过去，学了五千个英语单词是在上大学之前，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。
2.（2010高考安徽卷）When the old man ____ to walk back to his house, the sun ____ itself behind the mountain.
A. started; had already hidden
B. had started; had already hidden
C. had started; was hiding
D. was starting; hid
【分析】答案选A。根据句意，“开始回房子”发生在过去，“太阳落山”是在“开始回房子”之前，故是过去的过去。
三、一般现在时考点
一般现在时主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等。如：
1.（2010高考辽宁卷）I ____ all the cooking for my family, but recently I have been too busy to do it.
A. will doB. doC. am doingD. had done
【分析】答案选 B。考查时态，故用一般现在时。
2.（2010高考北京卷）In the spoken English of some area in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words ____.
A. are droppedB. drop
C. are being droppedD. have dropped
【分析】答案选 A。该句为客观事实，所以是一般现在时。
四、一般过去时考点
一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的情况或动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)。如：
1.（2010高考重庆卷）The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ___ on the market in 1973.
A. had come B. has come C. cameD. comes
【分析】答案选 C。根据时间状语in 1973可判断发生在过去的一件真实情况，故用一般过去时。
2.（2010高考全国卷Ⅰ）Edward, you play so well. But I ____ you played the piano.
A. didn’t knowB. hadn’t known
C. don’t knowD. haven’t known
【分析】答案选A。说话人过去不知道对方会弹钢琴，但是现在已经知道了。谈论过去情况用一般过去时。
五、现在进行时考点
现在进行时主要表示现在正在进行或发生的情况或动作。如：
1.（2010高考重庆卷）Teenagers ____ their health because they play computer games too much.
A. have damagedB. are damaging
C. damagedD. will damage
【分析】答案选 B。该句表示的是目前的状况，且代表一种未来的趋势，故用现在进行时。
2.（2010高考湖南卷）“Are you still busy?” “Yes, I ____ my work and it won’t take long.”
A. just finishB. am just finishing
C. have just finishedD. am just going to finish
【分析】答案选B。由it won’t take long可知即将做完了，用现在进行时表示即将发生的事；选项D表示“正打算做完”，与句意不符。
六、过去进行时考点
过去进行时主要表示过去正在进行或发生的情况或动作。如：
1.（2010高考全国卷Ⅰ）“Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?” “No, I ____ my homework all day yesterday.”
A. was doingB. would do
C. had doneD. do
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