语法系列讲座23 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法系列讲座23 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)（4篇）

1.语法系列讲座23 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文) 篇一

语法系列讲座15

(七)不定式的时态。动词不定式一般有三种时态形式，即一般式、进行式和完成式。

(1) 一般式(to+动词原形)：表示与主句谓语动词动作同时(或几乎同时)发生或在主句谓语动词之后发生的事情。例如：

We’re happy to have you on our side. 有你在我们这边我们很高兴。

I saw him go out. 我看见他出去了。( 不定式go out 与 see同时发生。)

They invited me to have dinner with them. 他们邀请我和他们一起吃晚饭。

I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你(to see发生在hope之后)

(2) 进行式(to be+现在分词)：表示主句谓语的动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行。例如：

She’s said /believed to be living nearby. 据说/据信她就住在附近。

When he came in, I happened to be sleeping in bed. 他进来时，我碰巧正在床上睡觉。

They seem/appear to be enjoying themselves. 看上去他们似乎很快活。

He pretended to be doing his homework when he heard his father’s sound. 他听见父亲的声音，假装正在做作业。

The president was reported to be visiting the hospital. 据报道总统正在访问那家医院。

(3)完成式(to have+过去分词)：表示在主句谓语的动作之前发生的事情。

如：I’m glad to have met your parents here. 我很高兴在这儿见到了你父母。(已见过)

I’m sorry to have kept him waiting for me so long. 我很抱歉让他等了我这样久。(已经等过了)

动词不定式的完成式和下列动词的过去时连用，表示过去没有实现的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。注意一定是它们的过去时。另外还有should/would like/love。这个结构表示“本打算/想/计划…”的意思。例如：

The game were to have taken place in Room. 比赛原计划在罗马举行。

He planned to have gone abroad last week.= He planned to go abroad but he didn’t. 他原计划上周出国的。

I’d like to have been offered the job and(to have been)given the opportunity to prove myself. 我真想(当时)把这个工作给了我，给我个机会让我证明我自己。

同样的意思也可用上述动词的过去完成时加动词不定式的一般式来表达。例如：

I had hoped to visit the great pyramid .= I hoped to have visited the great pyramid.=I hoped to visit it, but I didn’t. 我本希望参观大金字塔的。

They would have liked to have your help.=They would like to have had your help.=They wanted to have your help but they didn’t have it. 他们本想得到你帮助的。

(八)不定式的被动语态。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种：

一般式：to be+过去分词

完成式：to have been+过去分词

例如：

You’re lucky to have been accepted . 你很幸运已经被接受了。

These criminals are to be hanged . 这些罪犯是将被绞死的。

We’re glad to have been invited. 受到邀请我们很高兴。

What’s to be done next? 下一步做什么?

It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. 我很荣幸应邀在这里讲话。

(九)为了避免重复，不定式可省略，但to有时保留，有时不保留。例如：

You will make it if you try (to). 如果你努力，你会成功的。

George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I don’t think he really wants to. George 说要离开上海，但是我不认为他真的愿意走。

Some of them retired, and others were ready to. 一些人退休了，还有的准备退。

He always speaks faster than he needs to. 他说话总是没必要的快。

I’d like to do it now, but I haven’t got the time (to). 我倒是想现在干，但没时间。

“Would you go there with me?” “I’m glad to.” “你愿意和我一起去吗?”“愿意。”

“Did you pass the exam?” “No, I tried (to), but I failed.” “你考试及格了吗?”“没有，我努力了，但没成功。

“Do you want to sing them an English song?” “I prefer not to.” “你愿意为他们唱首英文歌吗?”“我不想唱。”

You’d better sing an English song if they ask you (to) again.如果他们再要求你，你最后唱一首英文歌。

后面常省略不定式而保留to的结构，还有：

used to 常常 be going to 打算

mean to 打算 ought to 应该

plan to 计划 want to 要想

(十)两个不定式由and, or, except, but, than 连接时，第二个可省略to，尤其是两个不定式紧密相连时。例如:

I intend to call on him and discuss this question again. 我打算去拜访他并和他谈谈这个问题。

I’d like to lie down and go to sleep. 我想躺下睡觉。

You’re free to talk or laugh here. 在这里你可以随便说笑。

I’m anxious to go and ask him about it. 我急于去问问他这个事。

Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later? 你想现在吃午饭还是再等会儿?

We had nothing to do except (to) look at the posters outside the cinema. 我们无事可做，只有看看电影院外面的招贴。

He had nothing to do except talk nonsense. 除了胡说八道，他没别的事干。

I would rather die than be insulted. 我宁死也不受侮辱。

I’ll do anything but work on a farm. 除了去农场干活，我什么都干。

It’s easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 说服人容易，强迫人难。

It’s better to take a taxi than (to) wait here. 搭出租车也比在这等强。

句子中but后面的不定式带不带to，取决于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有与do/did有关的词(do作谓语，to do作定语等等)，but后面的不定式就省掉to。例如：

I can do nothing but go there alone. 除了独自一个到那里去，我别无选择。

I have nothing to do but go there alone. 除了独自一个到那里去我没事可干。

He did nothing but cry all day long. 他除了整天哭，什么也不干。

Now let’s do some exercises:

1.用动词不定式结构完成下列句子：

1)Let’s _______ (早回家). → go home early

2)I am going _____ (问问题). → to ask some questions

3)I’ve been hoping ______ (会见格林先生)ever since I left school → to see Mr. Green

4)It is difficult ______ (照顾这么多小娃娃). → to look after so many babies

5)He likes _____ (在月光下散步). →to walk in the moonlight

6)She is afraid ____(独自去). → to go alone

7)I pretended ______ (睡着了). → to be asleep

8)I should like _____ (今晚去看那个话剧). →to go to watch that drama tonight

9)Be careful ____ (别着凉). →not to catch cold

10)Mr. Green seemed ____ (越来越不喜欢他). →to dislike him more and more

11)It is too heavy _____ (你搬不动). →for you to carry

12) You have to work hard ____(考试及格). →to pass the examination

13) Tom intends ____(找个新工作). →to look for a new job

14) What do you want ____ (吃)? →to eat

15) I hate _____(这么早离开),but I am afraid ____(我不得不这么早离开). →to leave so early; I have to

16)The enemy soldiers refused ____ (再战斗下去). → To fight anymore

17) He decided _____ (成为物理学家). →to become a physicist

18) The woman came out ____ (看看在发生什么事). →to see what was happening

19) I mean _____ (完成这个任务), one way or another. →to accomplish the task

20) He was planning _____ (和她一起去). →to go with her

21) He seems _____ (过去是个猎手). →to have been a hunter

22) I happened _____(看过这本书). →to have read the book

23) I happened ____ (正挨着他站着) when he was shot. →to be standing next to him

24) The enemy is believed ____ (已被击败). →to have been defeated

25) The teacher wanted the composition ______ (当堂做完). →to be finished in class

26) He appears _____ (是你的朋友) but I doubt if he is. →to be your friend

2.汉译英

1)学生们要求进来。 The students asked to come in.

2)我希望不久可以见到我奶奶。 I hope to see my grandma soon.

3)我刚才设法把门打开了。 Just now I managed to open the door.

4)我答应等他。 I have promised to wait for him.

5)那位官员拒绝见我。 The official refused to see me.

6)他们似乎误了火车。 They seem to have missed the train.

7)你想要和我一起走吗? Do you want to go with me?

8)他没答应走开。 He didn’t promise to go away.

9)他答应不走开。 He promised not to go away.

10)记住不要和那个阿飞(teddy boy)说话。

Remember not to speak to (talk with) that teddy boy.

11)我希望不久接到他们的来信。 I hope to hear from them soon.

12)比尔好像并不明白。 Bill doesn’t seem to understand it.

13)你一定要记住，到七点钟你才能离开。

You must remember not to leave until seven o’clock.

14)那些人不愿意留在这里。 Those men don’t want to stay here.

15)望你及时把它完成。 You are expected to finish it in time.

16)登山的人没有到达山顶。 The climbers failed to reach the peak (top of the mountain).

17)他认为(expect)我会等他吗? Does he expect me to wait for him?

18)你没有告诉他在信上贴邮票吗? Didn’t you tell him to put a stamp on the letter?

19)你愿意帮我学习这一课吗? Will you help me (to) learn this lesson?

20)为什么你不让她帮助你?

Why not get her to help you?或Why don’t you get her to help you?

21)请你让前面那个人把帽子摘下来。 Please ask that man in front of you to take his cap off.

22)你要我干什么呢? What would you like me to do?

23)如果你的朋友们想留下，就让他们全呆在这里吧。

Let your friends all stay here if they want to.

24)我们尽量设法使他明白。 We tried to make him understand.

25)我不知道怎么开始。 I don’t know how to begin.

26)很抱歉，我星期六没来。 I’m sorry not to have come on Saturday.

27)李红要一个人做全部工作。 Li Hong wants to do all the work alone.

28)我很高兴见到你。 I am very glad to see you.

29)你不能使那些孩子们安静下来吗? Can’t you make those children keep quiet.

30)你打算带多少人去看电影呢? How many people are you going to take to the cinema?

31)我没有把药吃完，因为你叫我别都吃了。I didn’t finish the medicine because you asked me not to.

32)如果你要我给你做早饭，我就给你做。 I will cook your breakfast if you would like me to.

33)这水太脏，不能用。 The water is too dirty to use.

34)那些石头太重，你搬不动。 Those stones are too heavy for you to carry.

35)那台电视机太贵，我买不起。 That TV set is too expensive for me to afford.

36)工人们太累了(be tired enough)，立刻就睡着了。The workers were tired enough to go to sleep at once.

37)那孩子很累，以致立刻就睡着了。 The boy was so tired that he went to sleep at once. 38)那个老头累得站都站不直。 The old man was too tired to stand up straight.

39)你想去看电影吗???不，我宁愿呆在家里。Would you like to go to the cinema? ?No, I’d rather stay at home.

40)你不愿意你的朋友先和他谈谈吗?Wouldn’t you like some of your friends to talk to him first?

41)学生们急于知道考试的结果。 The students are anxious to know the results of the exam.

42)说实话，我不懂文学。 To tell the truth, I know nothing about literature.

43)我听到他们在隔壁房间里谈话了。 I heard them talk in the next room.

44)我已下定决心要更加努力地学习。 I have made up my mind to study even harder.

45)美国有可能消灭恐怖主义吗? Is it possible for the United States to wipe out terrorism? 46)你把你的计划向他解释一下，方便吗? Is it convenient for you to explain your plan to him?

47)如果你有机会去西山的话，我愿意和你一起去。If you have a chance to go to the Western Hills, I’d like to go with you.

48)等你想好了，请把你的决定告诉我。After you think it over, please let me know what you have decided to do.

49)探身窗外是危险的。 It is dangerous to lean out of the window.

50)遵守法律是每个人的义务。 It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.

51)约翰感到心跳得很快。 John felt his heart beat fast.

52)汤姆到浴室去洗手。 Tom went to the bathroom to wash his hands.

53)小王站在椅子上，这样看节目就看得更清楚些。 Xiao Wang stood up on a chair so as to see the performance better.

54)他走出房间以便听不到闹声。 He went out of the room so as not to hear the noise any more.

55)孩子们急于要动身。 The children were anxious to start.

56)别惹我们笑了。 Don’t make us laugh.

57)应该把这件事告诉老师。 The teacher ought to be told about it.

58)这所房子只出租，不出售。 The house is to let, not to be sold.

59)他们是来看的，不是来给人看的。 They came to see, not to be seen.

60)这个成语难于解释，但不难(be no trouble)用。 This idiom is hard to explain, but it is no trouble to use.

二、动名词

动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。动名词仍保留动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。 动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。

(一)做主语和表语。动名词短语用and连起来做主语时，谓语用复数形式。例如：

Fishing in this lake is forbidden. 这个湖里禁止钓鱼。

Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things. 出国访问和在国外定居是两件不同的事情。

It seems that reading English is easier than speaking it.似乎读英语比说英语容易。

My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps . 我最喜欢的爱好是钓鱼/集邮。

在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s useless ; It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile; It’s of great (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中，It为形式主语，而将做主语的动名词短语放在后面。例如：

It’s no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。

Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents? 为两分钱讲价两小时值得吗?

It’s wise trying again. 再试一次是明智的。

It is of great importance fighting against pollution. 制止污染有重要意义。

It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early. 给这个病人做手术已经没用了。本应该早些把他送来。

It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up. 吸烟没好处，你最好戒掉。

(二)动名词短语作宾语。常用的能接动名词的动词有：admit承认，appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，advise 建议，can’t help 不禁，celebrate 庆祝，consider 考虑，complete 完成， contemplate沉思、打算，defer推迟，delay 延期，deny 否认，detest 痛恨，discontinue 停止， dislike不喜欢，dispute不同意，endure 忍耐，enjoy 喜欢， escape逃脱，excuse 原谅， fancy想象，feel like 想要， finish结束， 严禁，forgive 原谅，hinder 阻碍，imagine想象，keep 保持，mention 提到，mind 在意，miss 错过，pardon 饶恕、原谅，permit允许，postpone 推迟，practise 实践、练习，prevent 阻止， recall 回忆， report报告，resent 怨恨， resist抵制、阻止，risk冒险，stop 停止，suggest 建议，understand 明白、理解，等等。

例如：

He avoided giving me a definite answer. 他避免给我一个正确答案。

David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt. 戴维建议卖掉你的狗和车抵债。

(我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. )

I couldn’t risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。

下列动词既可用动词不定式又可用动名词做宾语：

abhor憎恶，attempt 试图，begin 开始，cannot bear 无法忍受，cannot stand无法忍受，cease停止，continue，继续,，decline 拒绝，deserve值得，disdain蔑视，dread害怕，endure忍耐，forget忘记，hate 痛恨，intend打算，learn学，like 喜欢，loathe厌恶，love喜欢，mean意思是、意味着，need需要，neglect疏忽，omit省略，忽略，plan计划，prefer更喜欢，propose建议，regret后悔，remember记得，require需要，scorn蔑视、瞧不起，start开始，try尝试，努力，entail必须，involve涉及，necessitate使成为必要，等。以上多数动词用不定式或用动名词作宾语意思一样，个别不同。

(三)动名词短语作介词宾语的时候最多。尤其是在短语动词后面。如：

The children are fond of listening to pop music. 孩子们喜欢流行音乐。

Are you interested in going to the show? 你有兴趣去看演出吗?

Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way. 托马斯坚持按他自己的方法做这件事。

我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：Thomas insisted that he (should) do it in his own way.

Excuse me for interrupting you. 请原谅我打扰你，

责任编辑：李芳芳

2.语法系列讲座23 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文) 篇二

Mrs Smith loved flower and had a small 1. 。

but nice garden.On summer，her roses(玫瑰花) 2. 。

were always the best on her street.One summer 3. 。

afternoon her bell rang，and w hen she went 4. 。

to the front door，she saw a small boy out. 5. 。

He was about seven year old，and was 6. 。

holding a lot of nice roses on his hand. 7. 。

“I am selling out roses，”he said.“Do you 8. 。

want any ?They are quite cheaper.They 9. 。

are fresh(新鲜).I pick it this afternoon .” 10. 。

参考答案：1.flower→flowers，名词复数表类别。2.On→In，用于季节前。3.√4.√5.out→outside，意为“在外面”。6.year→years。7.on→in。8.去掉out， sell out意为“售完”，此句不表此义。9眂heaper→cheap，quite后接形容词或副词的原级。10.it→them。

3.语法系列讲座23 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文) 篇三

代词的分类

1.人称代词：有主格、宾格、所有格（含形容词性和名词性两种所有格）

2.反身代词:myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself ,itself ,ourselves ,yourselves

themselves

3.指示代词:this ,that ,these ,those

4.疑问代词:who ,whom ,what ,which

5.相互代词:each other ,one another

6.不定代词:some ,any ,all ,both ,none ,one, each ,either ,neither ,other ,another,

something ,anything ,nothing ,anyone ,anybody , someone ,somebody ,nobody

7.关系代词(用于定语从句):who ,whom ,whose，that ,which ,as

代词用法注意点

1.名词性所有格代词可作主语、宾语、表语，可用于双重所有格。例如：

This isnt my book. Its his. Mine is in the bag. /Is she a friend of yours ?/Do

you think this bag of mine beautiful ?/She lost some pencils of hers.

2.反身代词可用于某些固定搭配。例如：

①(all)by oneself 自己单干，独立干：

The boy usually finishes his homework by himself.

②of oneself 自动地，自行地：

Mary will correct her mistakes in the exercises of herself.

③for oneself 替/为自己：You have to choose for yourself.

3.指示代词this/these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物；that/those 常指时间和

空间上较远的人或物。

进行比较时，that可代替不可数名词或单数名词以避免重复；those 可代替复数名词以

免重复。例如：

The water of the well is cleaner than that of the river./The Christmas cards are

much better than those you bought yesterday.

4.相互代词each other ,one another.前者通常指两者之间的“相互”，后者侧重三者或三

者以上的“相互”，也可指两者之间的“相互”。

5.不定代词

①some多用于肯定句；any多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中。另外some可用于表示请求、

提议或者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，修饰可数名词，表示“任何、无论哪一个”

例如：

If you have any ink ,please give me some.

Edison became quite expert at it and could find work in any town he went to.

②all 与none

all表示“三者或三者以上全部”，可以修饰可数、不可数名词。none用于表示对三个或

三个以上的人或物的否定，意思是“没有什么人，没有什么东西”，可作主语和宾语。none

of…后的谓语可以是单数或复数形式。none可以简略回答以How many或How much开头

的疑问句。

例如：

None of them have/has failed.

-- How many books are there on the desk ? -- None.

注意：no one (＝nobody)不同于none ,作主语时只能跟单数谓语，不可跟of短语连用，

回答以who开头的问句，不能回答How many/much …开头的问句。

例如：

-- Who is in the room ? -- no one(＝Nobody).

--Is there any oil in the glass ? -- None.

③other ,another ,the other ,others ,the others

other表示“没有范围的，其他的”，与名词复数连用。如：other books/boys/…

another泛指很多中的“另一个”，可作代词或形容词用，代替或修饰单数可数名词。

如：

I dont like this hat ,please show me another.

the other可作代词或形容词用，指已知的事物或人中的“另一个”，或另一方中的“全

部其他的”。

如：

I have two sisters.One is a student and the other is a worker./I can see only

two teachers in the office.Where are the other teachers ?

others泛指其他的人或物；the others特指其余的人或物。others常和some对比使用。

例如：

Thirty students in our class are boys ,the others are girls.

Some are carrying water ,others are watering the trees.

④one作为不定代词，泛指“任何人”（包括说话人在内），还可用来代替上文出现过的可

数名词（指人或物），并有复数形式ones。

例如：

I have bought a new bike.My old one doesnt work./One must do ones duty.

注意：one ,that都可代替前面出现过的单数名词，但这样用时，one可被前置或后置

定语修饰,that只能被后置定语修饰。

例如：

This book is the one that is needed by him.

My seat is next to that of our teacher.

代词考点分析

1.-- When shall we meet again ?

-- Make it _____ day you like;its all the same to me.(96年高考题)

A．one B．any C．some D．another

析： 此题答案为B。若选A，one day意“过去/将来的某一天”；若选C,some day意“有朝一日”、“将来某一天”、“迟早”；若选D，another day意“改日”、“又/另一天”；选B，any day意“随便哪一天”、“无论哪一天”，显然它适合此题。

2.Im reading a new book these days ,_____ in English.

A.it B.that C.one D.which

析： 排除A选项it的原因是因为it前或后都不可放定语；若选B项that,则因其不能替代同一事物，也可排除；至于D项which，因其是定语从句引导词，在此明显不合用。只有C项one一方面它可有前置或后置定语，另一方面它可以替代前面出现的名词a book,故是正确答案。

3.There were two boys who called and I gave an apple to _____.

A.every B.all C.either D.each

析： 由题干内容可知有两个孩子在叫喊，故all（指三者或三者以上）不可选；every表“两者中任意的一个”，在此不符合情景之需要。只有D,each(两者中的每一个)填入空白才合题干内容。

4.We dont know _____ of the visitors here;we only know some.

A.everyone B.every one C.anybody D.each one

析： 因为everyone ,everybody ,anybody等不定代词一般不带限定语（此处不能与of短语连用），故A、C选项可排除。若选D项，因not…each结构表全否定，与下句“we only know some”不合，故不能成立。只有选B时，not…every表半否定，与下句意相合。

5.Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _____.

(上海题)

A.the other B.some other C.others D.those other

析： 根据in some ways（在某些方面），可知空白处要选表达复数意义的词，据此可排除A、B；又因为没有those other这样的词语，故可排除D。根据some常与others相呼应使用规律，可定C为正确答案。

6.The question is too difficult and we found _____.

A.it not easy to answer it B.it was not easy for us to answer it

C.its not easy to answer D.it not easy to answer

析： 根据时态一致规律，we found后不可跟C选项；要表达“那个问题不容易答。”这一意思时，应说The question is not easy to answer.要表达“我们发现那个问题不容易答。”这一意思时，应说We found the question (was)not easy to answer.据此可排除A、B选项；只有D才是唯一正确选项。

7.The hairdresser now cuts _____ mens and womens hair.

A.any B.each C.both D.either

析： 根据题干mens and womens hair ,可知应选与两者有关的代词，于是立即可排除A。由于each 和either不可直接修饰复数名词或复数名词所有格（应说each of …,either of…）,故又可排除B、D选项。只有both才能与其后的and构成both…and…结构。故正确答案是C。

8.--Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end ?

--If you keep still ,you can sit at _____end. (NMET)

A.neither B.each C.either D.any

析： 一条船只有两头，any是指三者或三者以上，在此不合用。neither是“两者都不”，填入空白处意思不对；each意“两者或三者，三者以上每个人都…”，若填入此题空白，不合语境，因为一个人不能同时坐船的两头。只有选either(两者之一)才合此题情景。

9.--Have you finished your report yet ?

--No ,Ill finish in _____ ten minutes. (NMET)

A.less B.more C.other D.another

析： less后可直接跟形容词、副词、名词，象ten minutes这样的“数词＋名词”短语则不可直接放于less之后，只能放于less than之后，因此A项可排除。“再过/再用十分钟”可以说in ten more minutes ,ten minutes more ,another ten minutes ,据此可排除B项。至于other一词，因它不能表达“再、又”意，故也可排除。因此D为正确答案。

10.Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia. (NMET)

A.any B.any other C.other D.another

析： 此题是加拿大与亚洲国家相比，无需other或another ,else这类词，故B、C、D应排除。因为any（任何）后可跟单数名词或复数名词，填入空白意思也合语境，所以A是正确答案。

代词专练

1.-- Which of the two dictionaries will you borrow ?

-- Ill borrow _____ ,for the different uses.

A.all B.both C.either D.neither

2._____ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.

A.Each B.Any C.No one D.None

3.We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _____ of us had _____ money on us.

A.all ;no B.any ;no C.none ;any D.no one ;any

4.They were all very tired ,but _____ of them would stop to take a rest.

A.neither B.none C.some D.any

5.There is a No.2 trolleybus and a No.24 bus ;_____ will take you there.

A.both B.either C.all D.any

6.As we were asleep ,_____ of us heard the sound.

A.both B.none C.either D.any

7.-- Which of the five may I use ?

-- Oh ,____.

A.any one B.anyone C.anything D.nothing

8.--Are the two answers correct ?

--No ,_____ correct.

A.no one is B.both are not C.neither is D.either is not

9.I asked him for some oil ,but he hadnt _____.

A.any B.some C.no D.anything

10.You have three English dictionaries ,but I have only two _____.

A.ones B.不填 C.the one D.the ones

11.I have a colour TV set.I want to sell ____.

A.one B.the one C.that D.it

12.This film is not so good as _____ we saw last week.

A.that B.it C.the one D.one

13._____ of us must go there and help him out.

A.One or other B.One by one

C.One or the other D.One or another

14.We all felt _____ to be the highest praise.

A.it B.that C.that one D.the one

15.Havent you read _____ English storices ?Please tell us an interesting one.

A.any B.all C.either D.some

16.-- Would you like _____ dumplings ?

-- No,thanks.

A.some B.another C.any D.all

17.If there is _____ chance ,I will try another.

A.one B.any C.some D.all

18.-- Are _____ here to take the college entrance exam ?

-- Yes ,we _____.

A.all you ;are all B.you all ;all are

C.all of you ;are all D.you of all ;all are

19.Mr Green gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already

taken them.

A.one B.the ones C.some D.the others

20.-- Have you ever seen a snake alive ?

-- Yes ,Ive seen _____.

A.that B.so C.one D.it

21.-- Lily ,do you have an umbrella ?It is raining outside.

-- Yes ,but its _____.

A.small one B.small umbrella C.only a small one D.that one

22.Toms mother kept telling him that he should work hard ,but _____ didnt help.

A.this B.which C.any D.it

23.-- Have you got _____ red ink ?

-- Sorry ,I havent got _____.

A.some ;some B.any ;many C.some ;any D.any ;some

24.I prefer a street in a small town to _____ in such a large city as Shanghai.

A.that B.it C.this D.one

25.Sarad has read a lot of stories by American writers.Now she would like to

read _____ stories by writers from _____ countries.

A.some ;any B.other ;some C.some ;other D.other ;other

26.-- Is _____ here ?

-- No ,Bob and Tim have asked for leave.

A.anybody B.somebody C.everybody D.nobody

27.Our headmaster advised us that in order to succeed in life ,one has to be

honest with _____ friends.

A.their B.her C.ones D.our

28.I borrowed some books _____ myself ,but when I was going to read them ,the

lamp went out _____ itself and I had to sit in the dark _____ myself.

A.不填;for;by B.by;for;of C.for;of;by D.of;不填；by

29.When I first saw the old farmer ,I could hardly imagine _____ invented the

machine to pick cotton.

A.himself B.he himself C.he for himself D.he by himself

30.It is impossible for all the people to get the job ,because _____ of them

are not fit for it.

A.all of B.none of C.each of D.every one of

代词专练答案

1－5 B D C B B 6－10 B A C A B

11－15 D C A B D 16－20 A B B B C

21－25 C D C D C 26－30 C C C B A

4.语法系列讲座23 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文) 篇四

名词从句

名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：

宾语从句：I don’t know where he will go.

主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.

表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.

同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.

下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：

1. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，(即引导宾语从句时if和whether

可以互换)但以下几种名词从句要用whether(不用if)引导：

(1) 引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但

It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).

(2) 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job.

(3) 引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come.

(4) 介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.

2. 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。

例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.

3. 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…+

that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用(should)do这样的虚拟语气形式。

例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.

It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all ones life.

It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings(缺点).

4. 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because.

例如：The reason why he didnt go to school yesterday is that he was ill.

5. 名词从句中that,what用法比较：

引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what=the

thing(s) that.

例如：It was told in yesterdays newspaper that what the students had done was praised

by the factory.

I know that he will study.

I know what he will study.

That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.

What he works hard at is known to us all.

All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(=the person that)he

used to be.他和以前大不相同了。

6. where在名词从句中的使用特点：

where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词+the place where” 形式。例如：

主从：Where(=The place where)she has gone is still unknown.

宾从：Would you please tell me where(=the place where) Mr Smith lives?

表从：Your dictionary remains where(=in/at the place where)you put.

同位从：Have you any idea where(=of the place where) she is spending her holidays?

7. 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：

I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.

当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序(即“主+谓+(宾)”或“主+系+表”结构)，将其变为间接引语(即宾语从句)时，无需改变语序。例如：

Whats the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.

Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.

名词从句考点分析

1.They want to know ______ do to help us. (NMET)

A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they

析：此题要选陈述语序项，故应排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整，do后无宾

语，故也应排除，只有A项既是陈述语序，且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他

们能做些什么”这一意思，故答案为A。

2.His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.

A.didn’t think;was;that B.thought;was;whether

C.didn’t think;was;× D.thought;wasnt;×

析：观察题目，可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句，这时前一个宾语从句

的引导语that可以省略，但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略，据此，可排除C、D

两个选项。若选B项，全句意思不通，而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明，不

值得教”这一意思，且语法结构无误，故可定A是正确答案。

3.______ is done cannot be undone.

A.How B.That C.What D.Where

析：do一般作及物动词使用，从题干看，需选一词作主语(逻辑上是done的宾语)。

而A.How,D.Where均是副词，不能作主语，故应排除。B项that一词只能在定语从句

中作主语，不能在主语从句中作主语，也应排除。只有选what(=the thing that),才

能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。

4.Take care ______ you dont make mistakes in the coming exam.

A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that

析：take care是“注意”、“当心”意，后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心

不要…”意思，据此，该题应选D。

5.To his surprise,the umbrella was not ______ he had put.

A.which B.where C.the place D.that

析：观察题干，was not后是表语，根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where,

将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思，而C选项缺少词，不可

选。A、D项皆不合用。

6.______ we cant get seems better than ______ we have.

A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what

析：此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思，即

“A seems better that B”结构，根据what=the thing(s) that这一特点，将其置

于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思，故答案为A。

7.______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where

析：此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容，在句首表“是否”意时，只能用

Whether,不可用If。故答案为B。

8.______ they are most interested in is ______ they can produce more and better

cars.

A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that

析：is前面是一个主语从句，要表达“他们最感兴趣的(东西)”这一意思，只能选what

填入空白;is是表语从句，显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”，故

答案为B。

9.He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday.

A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off

析：suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用(should)do的形式，且

该句中test与put off为被动关系，故选B。

10.I dont think ______ he said something like that is right.

A.that B.what C.whether D.when

析：此句think后是一宾语从句，这个宾语从句的主语在is之前，它是一个被动句。

因为he said something like that已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分，只有选不表意义，

不做成分的that才合适，故选A。

定语从句

一、定语从句与引导词

定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，

而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。

懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。

1. 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose

作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that;代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：

The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)

That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定

语从句中作宾语，可省略)

Im not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)

A dictionary is a useful book which(=that) tells us the meaning of words(which

或that代物，在定从中作主语)

2. 关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。

例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)

The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.

注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：Well visit the factory which(=that) makes radios.

(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)

They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.

(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)

二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代

词;非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例：Li Pings father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。)

He is good at physics, as is known to us all.=As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)

三、只用that引导和不用that引导的场合

1. 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合

1) 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted

him.

2) 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me./Thats the only watch that I like most.

3) 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.

4) 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?

5) 先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?

2. 不用that的场合如下：

1)非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long

March .

2)介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news

3)句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.

四、“介词+关系代词”用法

1. 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)

2. 介词常受先行词的制约(即介词和先行词的搭配)，例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)

3. 当关系代词作“动词+介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。例如：This is the watch which youre looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.

五、几个名词后的引导词

1. situation后常用where,in which引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in

which you can use the word?

2. way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?

3. “the same+名词”，“such+名词”，“as+名词”后通常用as引导定语从句。

例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.

定语从句考点分析

1. The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film.

A.which;that B.that;× C.×;that D.×;×

析：如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选C。

2. It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.

It was 1969 ______ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship.

A.when B.which C.that D.×

析：第一句是强调时间in 1969,强调结构是“It was+强调部分+that句”，故应选C。第二句It是表时间的，先行词1969在从句中作状语，故选A。

3. Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born?

A.at which B.which C.in which D.at where

析：观察题目，空白处只有填in which或where才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗?”这一意思，故答案为C。

4. Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born?

A.where B.which C.in which D.at which

析：将此句变为陈述句;This house is ______ Shakespeare was born.显然is后是一表语从句，只有选where(=the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的出生地”这一意思，故答案为A。

5. In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for

help.

A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that

析：“介词+关系代词”要考虑短语搭配或与先行搭配，这道题短语turn to有关，故

应选A。

6. The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas

hair.

A.about which B.of which C.in which D.for which

析：涉及be/feel proud of短语，故答案为B。

7. Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late.

A.why B.that C.for which D.what

析：此题易误选A、C，因为先行词是the reason,但细观察分析，定语从句缺少主语，所以答案是B。注意what不能引导定语从句。

8. Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain.

A.where B.in place C.that D.the place where

析：因为difficult是形容词，故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句where(=in the place where),全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一意思，可见答案为A。

9. We need the same machine ______ in your factory.

A.which is being used B.as is being used

C.that is being used D.as it is being used

析：根据“the same+先行词”后跟as引导定语从句的原则，可知答案为B。

10.______ the people,not things ______ are most important.

A.There are;who B.Those are;that C.It is;that D.It was;who

析：仔细观察分析题目，可知只有C构成强调句才有成立。当我们要检验视其为强调

句的判断是否正确时，只要将“It is (或was)…that”这三个词去掉，剩下部分读

起来正确无误，则证明判断是正确的，反之是错误的。此题如不填“It is…that”

三词，句子是The people,not things are most important.语义完整正确，说明选

C是对的。

名词从句、定语从句专练

1.______ surprised me most was the news ______ our team won.

A.That;that B.What;which C.What;that D.That;which

2.This is the only book ______ I want to read.

A.which B.that C.what D.as

3.The reason ______ I am so late is ______ the bus.

A. that;I didnt catch B.×;that I missed

C.why;because I have missed D.×;because my not catching

4. The problem ______ has been completely settled.

A.which you thought B.that you thought

C.about which you thought it D.that you thought about

5. Is this the tape-recorder you wish ______?

A.to have it repaired B.to repair it

C.to have repaired D.repairing

6. The electric toy ______ last month has gone out of order.

A.I bought it for him B.which I bought to him

C.I bought for him D.that I bought to him

7. His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows,______ he oculd see nothing but tress.

A.frm which B.from where C.where D.from there

8. Every minute ______ full use of to study our lessons will do our students good.

A.which makes B.that is made C.that made D.what is made

9. Will it be two months ______ we can get another one?

A.that B.when C.before D.in which

10.After graduation we should go ______ our Party needs us most.

A.to the place which B.in which C.that D.where

11.There is a popular belief among parents ______ schools are no louger interested

in handwriting.

A.who B.whose C.that D.which

12.He lent me a lot of maney,______ I couldn’t buy the TV set.

A.with it B.for which C.without which D.by which

13.Water power stations are bulit ______ big water falls.

A.which are B.which has C.where there have D.where there are

14.The direction ______ a force acts can be changed.

A.how B.which C.towards D.×

15.Was it yesterday ______ you received the letter from her?

A.when B.which C.on which D.that

16.In the end she decided to sell the house ______ windows were almost broken.

A.which B.that C.of which D.whose

17.That ______ you lent me wasn’t _____ I wanted.

A.that;all B.which;all C.that;what D.which;that

18.Each time ______ they met,they would talk long hours together.

A.during B.which C.where D.×

19.This is the third week ______ for the rubbish.

A.that they didn’t come B.they aren’t coming

C.they haven’t come D.when they haven’t come

20.On the desk ______ a Chinese brush ______ he had made drawing.

A.lay;with which B.lies;by which C.laid;in which D.lay;on which

21.Well never forget the days ______ we spent on the seashore.

A.during which B.in which C.when D.×

22.The beautiful church ______ we see there is very famous.

A.the tower which B.of whose tower C.the tower of which D.of which tower

23.The 11th Asian Games, ______ China won 183 gold medals,was held in the autumn

of 1990.

A.which B.that C.at which D.at that

24.The only thing ______ is wrong with this is ______ a friend of mine said to me

the other day.

A.which;what B.what;that C.that;what D.that;which

25.Who is he man ______ is talking with John?

A.which B.who C.what D.that

26.The farmer uses wood to build a house ______ to store grains.

A.with which B.to where C.which D.in which

27.I really dont know ______ I had my pocket picked.

A.where was it that B.it was where that

C.where it was that D.was it where that

28.He insisted that he ______ right in doing that.

A.should be B.was C.would be D.is

29.--Have you heard from Mary recently?

--Yes,she said she was thinking ______ she should do next.

A.that B.of what C.what D.how

30.Can you guess ______?

A.who that man is B.who is that man

C.what is that man D.whom that man is

31.Tom told his aunt that he ______ what he was doing during the time when he was

in the country.

A.had just asked B.had just been asked C.was just asked D.just asked

32.The reason ______ she gave for not being present was ______ the heavy snow

prevented her coming.

A.×;because B.why;because C.×;that D.why;whether

33.Air is to us ______ water is to fish.

A.what B.that C.which D.is that

34.The free ticket will be sent to ______ comes first.

A.whoever B.whomever C.whosever D.no matter who

35.______ is still unknown when the president will make a public speech.

A.It B.That C.He D.What

36.I dont know ______ is ______ I was born.

A.that;when B.that;what C.that;where D.what;where

37.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants.

A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever

38.Father made a promise ______ I passed the examination he would buy me a bicycle.

A.that B.if C.whether D.that if

39.As many nembers ______ were present agreed to the plan.

A.who B.that C.which D.as

40.______ can be seen from his face,he is quite satisfied.

A.That B.It C.Which D.As

名词从句、定语从句专练答案

1-5 C B B D C 6-10 C B B C D 11-15 C C D D D

16-20 D B D C A 21-25 D C C C D 26-30 D C B B A

31-35 B C A A A 36-40 C B D D D