定语从句、名词性从句 高考题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

定语从句、名词性从句 高考题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)（精选4篇）

1.定语从句、名词性从句 高考题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文) 篇一

定语从句

一： 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的词

二： 关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。

先行词是物： which that

先行词是人： who that

在从句中的作用： 主语、宾语、表语

e.g. They had a radio. / It could send out messages.

They had a radio which/ that could send out message. (主语)

The girl is my best friend. / She spoke just now.

The girl who/ that spoke just now is my best friend. (主语)

He always buys some books. / He never read them.

He always buys some books (which/ that) he never read. (宾语)

注意点：

1.) 定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：

e.g. The man who lives next door sells vegetables.

The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( × )

The car which my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.

The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( × )

2.)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：

e.g. The young man ( who ) you saw was our manager.

There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind.

3.) 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时， 关系代词只能用which 或 whom

e.g. The man is a famous runner. / You talked to him just now.

The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.

The chair is made of wood. / He is sitting on it now.

The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.

He is a library assistant. / I borrowed some books from him.

He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.

It is a famous school. / He graduated from it 3 years ago.

It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.

The service should be improved. / The students complain a lot about it.

The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.

有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：

e.g. He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him.

He is the student who the teachers are looking for.

The number of the children is 30. / She takes care of the children.

The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.

三： whose 的用法：

关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。

e.g. The girl is my daughter. / Her work got the first prize.

The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.

Do you know anyone? / His family is in Xi’an.

The book is not mine. / The cover of it is red.

I live in the room. / The windows of it face south.

The chair has been repaired. / The leg of it was broken.

四：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：

限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成立。

He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.

Here is the boy who damaged the glass.

非限制性定语从句：主句和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。

e.g. The book is written by Guo Jinming, who is only 19 years old.

Bob’s father, who was an engineer, spent 4 years in Egypt.

Shanghai, which is developing fast, has become one of world’s trade center.

注意点：

非限制性定语从句不能用that引导.

e.g. She is very fond of French, which indeed she speaks quite well.

which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情.

e.g. Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sad.

He lost his job finally, which was exactly what we wanted.

介词+which:

The picture ______ he paid $100 was once owned by a king.

Can you think of a situation ________ this word can be used?

I’m grateful to him for that advice, ______ I owed all my success.

关系副词： when where why

当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词+which来代替:

e.g. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day.

I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.

He still remember the morning. / The earthquake happened on that morning.

He still remember the morning when/ on which the earthquake happened.

当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词+which来代替:

e.g. This is the house. / He used to live in the house.

This is the house where/ in which he used to live.

I know of a place. / We can swim in that place.

I know of a place where/ in which we can swim.

Is there any shop around? / I can buy a pen in the shop.

Is there any shop around where/ in which I can buy a pen.

先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用for +which来代替:

e.g. I don’t know the reason. / He did it for this reason.

I don’t know the reason why/ for which he did it.

The reason was not clear. / He was fired for it.

The reason why/ for which he was fired was not clear.

注意点：

当表示时间、地点和原因的名词在从句中不是作状语，而是在从句中作主语或宾语时，还是应用which/ that

e.g. This is the date _______ we’re proud of.

This is the date _______ he was born.

I will never forget the time ______ we spent together.

This is the factory _______ my mother works.

This is the factory _______ we visited last week.

Is this factory you visit last week?

A. the one B. where C. which D. that

This factory is the one (that/ which) you visit last week.

I don’t believe the reason _____ he gave for his decision.

Another reason _______ he made this decision is that he had to consider the feelings of others.

关系词的选择

A.只用that

a.当先行词是不定代词，如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等

All that can be done has been done.

I didn’t mean this one; I mean the one that was bought yesterday.

b.先行词(指物的)前面有only, few, one of, little, no, all, every, very等词修饰时

There’s no difficulty that we can’t overcome.

I’ve read all the books that can be borrowed here.

c.先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词的最高级修饰时

This is the first letter that I’ve written in Japanese.

She is the most careful girl that I’ve ever known.

d.当先行词既有人又有物时

They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.

The speaker talked of some writers and books that were unknown to us.

e.当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时

China isn’t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.

He is no longer the man that he used to be.

It’s a book that will help you a great deal.

f.当主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时

Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop?

Which is the car that overtook us yesterday?

g. 当主句以There be…结构开头时，或关系代词在there be…结构中作实义主语，先行项为物

There is a seat in the corner that is still free.

There are two tickets of the film that are for you.

The 9.15 is the fastest train that there has ever been.

h. 当先行词是what时

What did you hear that made you so angry?

i.当先行词是基数词时

Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.

B. 只用which

a. 在非限制性定语从句，充当主语或定语

They have three houses, which are built of stone.

b. 当关系代词前有介词时

This is the factory in which we once worked.

We study in the classroom of which the doors face south.

c.当先行词本身that是时

What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?

d. 当关系代词后面带有插入语时

Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.

I’ve bought you some books which I think may interest you.

C.只用who不用that

a.先行词是one, ones或anyone时

One who does not work hard will never succeed.

Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

She is the only one of the students who has been to the USA.

b.先行词为those 或被those修饰，指人时

Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

c.在以there be…的句子中，先行词为人时

There is a comrade outside who wants to see you.

d. 当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行项都为人时

The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.

e.当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时

There ‘s only one student in the school who I want to see.

Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields?

f. 在非限制性定语从句中指人

I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America.

g.定语从句中有插入语时, 并不影响关系代词和副词的选择。

Jackson is a man who I believe is honest.

He won another award, which I think is the result of his hard work.

D.在定语从句中，whose作定语， 其先行项既可以是人，又可以是物

Lei Feng was a great communist fighter whose death was weightier than Mount Tai.

Where’s the window whose glass is broken?

E. 在定语从句，关系副词when, where, why与关系代词which, that的关系

July 1st, 1921 is the day that/which we Chinese should always remember.

This is the place that/which they visited last year.

Please give me a reason that/which could account for your absence.

I still remember the day when(=on which) I joined the army.

This is the room where(=in which) Luxun once lived.

Another reason why(=for which) he works hard is that he has pass the exam.

F. as, which的比较

a.在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语.如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用

They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.

She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.

Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before.

b.如从句在主句之前，用as

As we all know, his parents were killed in this war.

As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.

c.如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有"正如...""就象..."之意时，用as

We won the match, as we had expected.

He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.

d. 当先行项被the same, such, so修饰时，用as

This is the same book as you bought yesterday.同类书 (比较：This is the same book that you bought yesterday.同一本书)

Don’t believe in such men as praise you to your face.

I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.

e. 当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用，则用which

The young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was disgra 定语从句小结

. as 也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句， 用来指待一件事，这时它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。

e.g. He is an American, as/which we know from his accent.

As we know from his accent, he is an American.

He, as we know from his accent, is an American.

As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.

Grammar, as has been said above, is not a set of rules.

Grammar is not a set of dead rules, as/which has been said above.

正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard, and etc.

定语从句的练习：

I passed him a glass of whiskey, ______ he drank at once.

He spoke to me in a way _______ I don’t at all like.

It is a famous university ________ he graduated 3 years ago.

Are you the lady ______ asked for help?

The service __________ students complain a lot should be improved.

He works in a college ______ students are all women.

The picture ______ he paid $100 was once owned by a king.

Can you think of a situation ________ this word can be used?

We can see very clearly the method ______ the computers work.

_______ he introduced just now, Dr. Baker is an expert in Biology.

I’m grateful to him for that advice, ______ I owed all my success.

This is the famous star ______ photos are on this magazine.

The science of medicine, ________ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the science.

责任编辑：李芳芳

2.定语从句、名词性从句 高考题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文) 篇二

一、限定性定语从句：

种类 先行词 关联词 例 句 说 明

定

语

从

句 (人)

在从句中做主语或宾语 关

系

代

词

who

This is the doctor who saved the

boy’s life.

这就是救了孩子生命的医生。

She is the new student whom I want

to introduce to you.

她就是我要介绍给你的新学生.

who在从句中做主语whom在从句中做宾语,口语中who可以代替whom，也可以被省去,但做介词宾语时只能

用whom

(物)

在从句中做主语或宾语 which

Please pass me the book which is

lying on the table.

请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。

The novel which Tom bought is

very interesting.

汤姆买的小说很有意思。

Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday?

你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗?

which在从句中做主语

which充当宾语时可以

省去。

which做介词宾语

不可省

人

或

物 关

系

代

词 whose

The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams

那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。

The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.

那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。

=The bike the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired

whose在从句中做定语

指物时也可以用

…of which

代替 whose

that

The woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang.

正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。

I’d like to see the films that are just on show.

我想看那些刚上映的电影。

They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remember in the school.

他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事，谈了大约有半个小时。

that指人做主语

that指物做主语

先行词分别表示人和物,引导词要用that，不用

who或whom

种类 先行词 关联词 例 句 说 明

定

语

从

句 all, little much,和some,

any ,

every,

no构成的合成代词 关

系

代

词 that I’ll tell you all (that ) I know about it .

我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。

Is there anything (that) I can do for you?

有什么我可以帮助做的事吗?

I’ve brought everything (that )you need.

我把你需要的东西都拿来了。 先行词表示物，关系代词在从句中做宾语可省去 。如果先行词是人时，引导定语从句关系代词不受制约，用that或who (whom) 均可

人

或

物 This is the best film that I have seen .

这是我看过的最好的一部电影。

The first place that we’ll visit is Beijing Library. 我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆

This is the best student that I have taught . 这位就是我所教过的最好的学生 先行词被形容词最高级序数词修饰时定语从句用that引导。

He is the only person that is believable.

他是唯一可靠的人。

John is the very person that she wants to see. 约翰正是她要见的人。 先行词被

the only, the very 等修饰时用关系代词that.

Who is the man that is talking with Tom ?

正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁?

Which of the books that you bought is easy to read?

你买的那些书中哪一本容易读。

当主句以who、which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句要用that

注：先行词是time, minute, moment, next time等引导定语从句很少用when,可用that 通常省去。

种类 先行词 关联词 例 句 说 明

定

语

从

句

时

间 关

系

副

词 when He came at a time when we needed him most.

他在我们最需要的时候来了。

We’ll never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.

我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。 在定语从句中

作时间状语

地 点 where This is the room where he put up for the night.

这就是他渡过液晚的那房子。 在定语从句中作地点状语

原 因

理 由 why I know the reason why she studies so well .

我知道她学习好的原因。 在定语从句中作原因状语

2.非限制性定语从句

种类 先行词 关 联 词 例 句 说 明

非

限

定

性

定

语

从

句

人

或

物 关

系

代

词 who

whom

which George, who is my classmate, has won a scholarship.

乔治获得了奖学金，他是我的同学。

Dr. Li, whom I know very well, will come here tomorrow.

李大夫明天将来这儿，我跟他很熟悉。

I gave him a New Year card, which he enjoyed very much.

我给他一张贺年卡，他很喜欢它。 who, whom, which

不能省去, 也不能

用that代替

没有固

定的先

行词而

是一个

句子 which

as He studies hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.

他年轻时在校学习努力，这导致了他后来生活中的成功。

He gets up early, as is always his habit.

他总是早起床，这是他的习惯。

John was admitted into the college, as we had expected.

约翰被大学录取了，这是我们期待的。

The earth, as is known to all, is round.

人人皆知，地球是圆的。

This is the same book as I lost yesterday.

这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。 which作主语指它前面的整个句子，不可用that代替，强调结果。

as指全句，在从句中做主语。

as指全句意思，在从句中做宾语。

as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，句中或句末。

用于the same… as, such… as ,as…as等结构中。

3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

从句与先行词的

关 系 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去,主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。 从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整

标 点 从句和主句之间不用逗号分开 从句和主句之间常用逗号分开

关

系

代

词 指人who (that) whom

指物which (that)

人和物whose(作定语)

关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去 指人who(作主语)

whom(做宾语)

指物which

人和物whose(作定语)

关系代词一般不可省

修 饰 从句只修饰一个名词或代词 可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句

翻 译 定语从句译在被修饰词的前面 定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子

4.用于形容词性(定语)从句的关系词

分类 词 形 先行词 作从句中的成分

主 宾 表 定 状

关

系

代

词 who 人 √ √ √

whom 人 √

which 物 √ √ √

that 人/物 √ √ √

as 人/物 √ √ √

whose = of whom / of which 人/物 √

关

系

副

词 when = prep. + which 时间词 √

where = prep. + which 地点词 √

why = for which reason √

how 方式词 √

3.定语从句、名词性从句 高考题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文) 篇三

状语从句

状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、结果、条件、让步等八种。

一、时间状语从句：

引导词有after，before，as，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，while，as soon as，the moment/minute…(一…就)，the time,the day,every time,next time,each time，by the time of，no sooner…than(一…就)，hardly…when(一…就).例如：

Each/Every time he comes here,he will drop in on me.

每次他来这儿他都顺便看我.

He was ill last time I saw him.上次我见到他时他病了.

No sooner had she heard the news than she cried.她一听到这个消息就哭了.

[辨析]when与while

when引导的从句动词可以是延续性的或短暂性的，while引导的从句中动词必须是延续性的;在“be…when…”句式中when表“at that time(就在这时)”意，这样用的when不能换为while;while有时并不表示时间，而表示对比，意“而”、“却”，when无这样的用法。例如：When I got home I found the door locked./While(或When)we were working in the fields,it suddenly began to rain./He was wandering through the streets when a bike hit him./His pencil is red,while mine is yellow.

[辨析]till与until

一般情况下可以互换，但until可以位于句首，till则不能。例如：

Until it stops raining，the children cant go out.雨停了，孩子们才能出去.

=Not until the rain stops can the children go out.

二、地点状语从句

引导词有where，wherever.例如：

Ill go wherever the people want me to go.(wherever=to any place where)

He works where his grandfather fought.(where=in the place where)

Where there is a will,there is a way.(Where=In the place where)

三、原因状语从句

引导词有because,since,as,now(that)(既然)

回答以why提出的问题时，只能用because,而不能用as等。

since=now(that),表“既然”意，表示已知的或明显的原因，由此加以推论。例如：

Now that/Since you are free today,you may have a rest at home or go out for a walk.

for 是一个并列连词，用来连接两个并列句，引导的句子是对前面一句话的内容的推测或补充说明。例如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet./The day has broken,for the birds are singing.(这两句中的for都不可换为because或as,since等。)

四、目的状语

引导词有so that,in order that,that,in case(免得，以防)。目的状语从句谓语常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等情态动词。例如：

He ran as fast as possible in order that he could catch the bus./Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.请明天再提醒我一下，以免我忘记。

五、方式(或比较)状语从句

引导词有as,as if,as though,than,as/so…as,the more…the more.例如：

Tom is not so/as tall as John./It looks as if it is going to rain./He runs faster than I.

注：as…as既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句，so…as只能用于否定句。

六、结果状语从句

引导词有so…that,such…that,so that.例如：

1. He works so hard that he makes great progress in his studies.

2. Its such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out.

3. Theres not any noise here so that I feel very comfortable.

第3个例句中so that从句不是目的状语从句，从结构上看没有can,may等情态动词，从意思上看I feel very comfortalbe是Theres not any noise的结果.

七、条件状语从句

引导词有if,unless,as/so long as,on condition that,in case(如果)等，从句的时态用一般现在时(含现在完成时)，一般过去时(含过去完成时)分别代替一般将来时和过去将来时。例如：

If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there./He said he would not go back home unless he had achieved a lot./Ill study so long as. Im alive./In case he come,let me know.如果他来的话，告诉我一声。

If 引导的条件句可以是真实性条件句，也可以是非真实性条件句(用于虚拟语气)

八、让步状语从句

引导词有though,although,even if,even though,as,whoever,whatever,

however,no matter+what/who/when/…等。例如：

Though/Although he is ill,he still goes to school./She started her experiment,even though she had little money./Whatever you found,you must turn it in./However hard he worked,he hardly made any progress.

as 作“尽管”意时，一般将其句中的表语放在句首，例如：Young as he is,he knows a lot.=Although he is young,he knows a lot.若表语为名词，冠词要省略，例如：

Child as/though he is,he has remembered a lot of English words.(此句中though不可换为although)

although或though不能与but同时出现在一个复合句中，但是“Although/Though…，(and)yet…”句式却是正确的。例如：

Although it is raining heavily,yet they are repairing the bridge.

状语从句考点分析

1.If you go to Xian,you will find the palaces there more magnificent than

commonly .(上海高考)

A.supposing B.supposed C.to suppose D.suppose

析：than后实际上是一个比较状语从句的省略式，其完整形式是than they are

commonly supposed.所以答案为B.

2.We wont give up we should fail ten times.(NMET)

A.even if B.since C.whether D.until

析：观察题干，空白处应填一表“即使”之意的词，故应选A.

3.-What was the party like?

-Wonderful.Its years I enjoyed myself so much.(NMET)

A.after B.when C.before D.since

析：答话者既然说“Wonderful”,那么后面的话必然是对此作进一步的补充说明，

只有选D项才能表达“我多年未曾这么开心过了”意思。注意这儿的since从

句中谓语动词enjoyed是延续动词，该句相当于I havent enjued myself so

much for years.

4.John plays football ,if not better than,David.(NMET)

A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as

析：if not better than是插入语，可将其撇开，这时空白处要填as well as才

能与David相连接，D项在此不可用(so…as只能用于否定句)。A、C两项皆少

as，故答案为B。

5.If we work with a strong will,we can overcome any difficulty, great it

is .(NMET)

A.what B.how C.however D.whatever

析：观察题目，可知空白处要填一词与great合表“无论多大”意。而however=

no matter how,与great一起正好表此意，其余项都不能表这意思。故答案为

C。

6.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill,especially Father was

away in France.(NMET)

A.as B.that C.during D.if

析：首先可以排除C，因为during是介词，不能引导从句。B项that,D项if 都

不能引导原因状语，故只能选A、as表“因为”。

7.She thought I was talking about her daughter, ,in fact I was talking

about my danughter.

A.whom B.where C.which D.while

析：空白处需填一个表示转折对比的连词，while可表“而”、“却”意，故答案为D.

8. I admit his good points I can see his bad ones.

A.when B.as C.while D.before

析：若选A、B或D，admit应改为admitted，can应改为could,因为when,as

表示“当…的时候”before表“在…之前”，通常涉及过去某时发生的动作、情

况.此题选C，while在此不表“当…的时候”意，而表“虽然、尽管”意。全

句意思是“尽管我承认他的优点，我还是看到他的缺点”。

状语从句专练

1. I get to Pairs,Ill call you up at the airport.

A.Since B.While C.Once D.Altough

2. the headmaster comes, we wont discuss this plan.

A.Unless B.If not C.Except D.Whether

3.Bill must have been away from the office. how many times I phoned

him,nobody answered it.

A.Whatever B.No matter C.In spite of D.Though

4.I had been to Beijing long you visited it.

A.before B.till C.after D.when

5. ,he is good at drawing.

A.To be a child B.A child as he is

C.As a child D.Child as he is

6.Dont be discouraged you have fallen behind others.

A.whether B.as if C.even if D.however

7.We can get there on time the car doesnt break down.

A.while B.as long as C.so that D.even if

8.The vase on the left is than the one on the right,and not .

A.more nicer;so expensive B.much more better;as expensive

C.nicer;as expensive D.better;such expensive

9.It wasnt long he joined the job.

A.that B.before C.until D.and

10.These planes can fly than the old ones.

A.as fast three times B.three times as fast

C.three times fast D.three times faster

11. had the bell rung the students took their seats.

A.Hardly;when B.No sooner;when

C.Hardly;than D.No sooner;then

12. many times，but he still couldnt understand it.

A.Having been told B. Though had been told

C.He was told D.Having told

13. we have come,lets stay and enjoy it.

A.For B.As C.Because D.Since

14.Youd better do you are required.

A.like B.which C.that D.as

15. that none of us could follow him.

A.He spoke very fast B.So fast he spoke

C.Too fast he spoke D.So fast did he speak

16.Ill start early, it may be dark.

A.however B.whether C.if D.though

17. the baby fell asleep the room.

A.After;did the mother leave B.Not until;did the mother leave

C.Not until;the mother left D.Soon after;the mother had left

18. the day went on,the weather got worse.

A.With B.Since C.As D.While

19.He cant have gone out, the light is still on.

A.because B.since C.as D.for

20.I was walking along the river I heard a cry for help.

A.while B.since C.when D.as

21.We shouldnt do that dangerous experiment the teacher is with as.

A.if not B.if C.unless D.as long as

22.He has little education he is unable to find a job.

A.such;that B.so;and C.so;that D.such;and

23.The soldier was wounded， he pushed on.

A.for B.and C.so D.yet

24.The full letter reads follows.

A.like B.as C.that D.which

25.Will you go our motherland needs us most after graduation?

A.that B.where C.in which D.to the place which

26.This is a revision paper.When you do it,youd better make a mark you

have questions.

A.where B.the place C.as if D.since

27.Water power station are built big water falls.

A.where there are B.where there have

C.which has D.which are

28.I am sure Ill meet kind-hearted man I go.

A.where B.to the place where C.wherever D.the place

29.She is so good at playing table-tennis that she can hit the ball she

wants it to go.

A.the place where B.that C.in which D.where

30.It was his mother came in to prepare his lessons.

A.not until;did the boy begin B.until;that the boy began

C.until;did the boy begin D.not until;that the boy began

状语从句专练答案：

1-5 C A B A D 6-10 C B C B D 11-15 A C D D D

16-20 D B C D C 21-25 C C D B B 26-30 A A C D D

常用动词搭配(一)

△含break词组：

1.break away from 摆脱、逃掉、改掉、断绝来往。

例：The little boy broke away from his mother and ran away.

2.break down 损坏、身体衰弱。例：The car broke down.

3.break in 闯入、插嘴。vi.例：Dont break in when others are speaking.

4.break into 闯入、打断，突然开始。例：They broke into the house.

5.break out 爆发、发生。例：A quarrel broke out between them.

△含call词组：

1.call for 叫(某人)，接(某人)，要求、需要。

例：Ill call for you tomorrow morning.

2.call in 召集、召来。例：Wed better call in a doctor.

3.call on/upon 访问、探望(某人)、号召。例：I called on him yesterday.

4.call at 访问、探望(某处)。例：I hope to call at your office some day.

5.call up 给…打电话、使人想起。例：The picture calls up scenes of my childhood.

△含catch词组

1.catch/take/get hold of 握、抓住。例：He caught hold of the pigs ear.

2.catch sight of=see 看到、发现。例：The little girl cried as soon as she

caught sight of her mother.

3.catch up with 赶上。 例：He tried to catch up with his classmates.

△含come词组

1.come along 一起来，来到、快点。例：Come along,or well be late.

2.come back 回来，恢复知觉、复活、被回忆起来。例：When he came back he found

himeself tied to a tree.

3.come down 下来，下降、跌价。例：I dont think the price of meat will come

down.

4.come in 进来。vi.

5.come on/upon 快点、赶快、进展、进行、偶遇。

6.come out 出来、出版。例：The magazine comes out weekly.

7.come to 到达、谈到、涉及、合计、总计。

8.come up 走过来、走近、长出、发芽。例：The seeds hasnt come up yet.

△cost，spend，pay，take

1.cost 句型：sth. cost money/time;sth.cost sb. time/money/劳力

2.spend句型：表“花费时”：sb.spend time/money on sth./(in/on)doing sth.

表“度过时”：sb.spend time 等+介词+场所、活动等。

例：We spent two hours in a pleasant talk yesterday.

3.pay句型：pay sb.(money),pay(money)for sth, pay sb.for sth,sb.is paid

词组：pay off 付清，pay back 归还、偿还、报答，pay attention to 注意

4.take句型：1)sth.takes time/money/energy

例：The journey will take two days.

2)sth.takes time/money/energy to do

例：The work took us three hours to finish.

3)It takes(sb.)time/money/energy to do sth.

take词组：

1)take…away.拿走、移动

2)take back 收回、撤消

3)take care of 照顾、注意

4)take down 记下、写下、取下

5)take off 脱去、起飞

6)take place 发生、举行

7)take up 提出，从事，占(时间、地点等)

例：take up a problem 提出一个问题， take up the struggle 从事斗争，

take up much room 占很多地方

8)take…out 取出、拿出

△含do 词组

1.do some cleaning/washing/shopping/…打扫卫生/洗东西/买东西/…

2.do ones lessons/homework 做功课/做作业

3.do wrong 做坏事、犯罪

4.do sb.good/harm/wrong/a favour=do good/harm/wrong/a favour for sb.

对某人有益/有害/冤枉/帮忙

5.do away with 取消、废除

6.do ones best 尽力、努力

7.do well in 做得好，在…方面取得好成绩

8.do with 对付、处理，与…相处。例：He is difficult to do with.他很难处。

9.have sth.to do with 与…有关

10.do something/nothing 采取措施/未采取措施

4.定语从句、名词性从句 高考题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文) 篇四

（一）译成前置定语

（二）后置并列分句

（三）溶合译法

（四）译成状语

 The traders wanted safe access to large quantities of Oriental spices, which the European world had come to like, and which people needed for presenting food in days before the introduction of cold storage.商人们想平安无事地获取大量的东方香料，这些香料已经为欧洲人所喜爱，而且在没有发明 冷藏法的当时，香料也是人们储藏食品所必须的。

 I had seldom met an American who served in China during World War II who had not known Zhou Enlai.二战期间曾在中国工作过却不认识周恩来的美国人很少见。 译成前置定语：

 This is the soldier who just returned from the front.译文：这是刚从前线回来的战士。

 To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to those of people who need them.译文：诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。

 In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems.可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。 Chemistry deals with changes in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.译文：化学是研究物质变化的，这种变化的结果能够形成新的物质。

 This will be epoch-making revolution in China’s social productive forces which will lay down the material foundation for the socialist and communist mode of production. 译文：这将是中国社会生产力方面一次划时代的革命，将为社会主义与共产主义的生产方式打下物质基础。

 He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he didn’t like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。 后置并列分句

 The minor internal motions of the atmosphere, which was known as winds, depart only in a small way from the movement of this envelope as a whole.译文：大气微小的内部运动，即我们所说的风，仅与整个大气围层的运动稍微不太一致。

 But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem.听着，我遇到一个人，他说你能解决这个问题。 I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。

 The book is prepared for examples for writing compositions, which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task.本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是一个难题。

 Day light comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot, glowing gas.日过来自太阳，太阳是一团炽热，发光的气体。

 She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.他对孩子们很耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。 Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心与创造力，而这正是这一领域获得成功的关键。 溶合译法

 原文：There is nothing that does not contain contradiction;without contradiction, nothing would exist.译文：没有什么事物是不包含矛盾的，没有矛盾就没有世界。 原文：Aluminum alloys which are much lighter than steel and some of which are even stronger than steel is widely used in the aircraft industry.译文：铝合金比钢轻很多，有的强度比钢还要大，因而在飞机工业上使用广泛。

 原文：He has a son of twenty who is now at the college.译文：他有个二十岁的儿子正在上大学。

 原文：This was the first time I had serious trouble with my leader.译文：这是我第一次与领导发生严重纠葛。

 There are many people who want to select this major.许多人要选这个专业。

 There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你。 You are the only person who could do it.只有你才能做这件事。 译成状语

 The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.译文：由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称为电脑。（原因）

 Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。（条件）

 They were a part of his pride and glory, which is fading into failure in his helpless hands.他们属于他的骄傲与荣耀，虽然如今这些正在化为泡影，他却无可奈何。（让步）

 Each tour will be escorted by English speaking interpreters who will help the visitors to obtain information about what you are seeing.每次游览都有英语翻译陪同，以帮助来宾了解参观点的情况。以便来宾更好地了解与欣赏各个景点。（目的）

 There is a most high temperature at the sun’s centre, where all the substances are impossible to be in the form of liquids or solids.太阳中心的温度极高，那里的一切物质都不可能以液体或者固体的形式存在。综合练习：

 There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits.在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不畏劳苦沿着其崎岖之路攀登的人，才有希望达到它光辉的顶点。 I was endeavoring to put off one sort of life for another sort of life, which was not better than the life I had known.我一直在竭力摆脱一种生活，该换另一种生活，但我说该换的生活并不见得比我原先的生活好。

 We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity.我们驾驶的飞机几乎每个部件都有国籍的某些标志。

 There occurred the Great Earthquakes of 1923 in Japan, which caused a serious damage of property and a great loss of lives.1923年，日本发生了大地震，造成了巨大的财产损失与严重的人员伤亡。

 He showed no further wish for conversation with Mr.Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再与史密斯先生讲话，因为他现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。

 He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.他坚持要再买一座房子都与，尽管他并没有这样的需要。

 They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他们试图去剿灭这次起义，但其却以更加迅猛的速度发展到了全国各地。

 A driver who is driving a bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.司机在开车时，不能喝别人谈话，也不能走神。 In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines, and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.译文：在欧洲，就像在其他地方一样，多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互间密切联系的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。

 原文：Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. 译文：沃尔夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。状语从句的翻译

一、按照原文顺序译出

 If you don’t mind, I’ll turn off the heating.译文：如果你不介意，我就把暖气关了。

 Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations are being built in large numbers.哪里有充足的水源，哪里就在修建大批的水电站。

 Though he was defeated in the election, he became famous for his fiery speeches against slavery.虽然他竞选失败了，却以其反对蓄奴制度的激烈演说而出名。

二、状语从句译在主句之前

 She is sure to come unless she has some urgent business.译文：除非她有急事，她一定会来。 I will never give in, no matter what happens.译文：不管怎么样，我永远不会屈服。

三、状语从句转译成其他的状语从句 Why did you give up when you could make it? 译文：既然你能成功，干吗要放弃呢？ If you can come, I’ll be only too glad.译文：你能来，我就太高兴了。

 Skill and patience will succeed where force fails.在体力做不到的时候，技巧与耐心会帮助人成功。（地点-时间） Though not in substance, yet in form, economic reforms are at first a nation-wide revolution.如果不就内容而就形式而言，经济改革首先就是一场全国性的革命（让步-条件）

四、状语从句译成非状语从句  The boy shouted as he ran.译文：那个男孩一边跑一边喊。

 The monkey was feeling a bit scared when suddenly the crocodile dived under the water.译文：猴子正感到有点害怕，鳄鱼突然向水下潜去。 They asked her to stay where she was.译文：他们让她待在原处。

 The greedy official dared to accept any presents, whoever sent him.译文：无论是谁送给他们的礼品，这些贪官都敢收。 You may do as you please.译文：你愿意怎么做都行。

名词性从句的翻译 英语名词性从句包括：  主语从句  宾语从句  表语从句  同位语从句

一、主语从句(一)“It+被动语态+that从句”

 It is reported that the Summit Meeting will be held in December.据报道吗，这个峰会将在12月举行。

 It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well;but on television everything is much more living, much more real.可能有人会提出，无线电广播同样能够到这一点；但是在电视屏幕上，每个节目都显得更加生动，更加真实。(二)“It+谓语（表语）+that”句型

A.It goes without saying that plants cannot grow without sunshine.毋庸置疑，没有阳光，植物就不能生长。It is quite obvious that the girl still loves you deeply.很明显，这个女孩依然深爱着你。

B.It is frequently the case that his car breaks down on the highway.他的车在路上抛锚，这是常有的事儿。(三)由“what, whatever, whoever, when, whether”等引导出的主语从句通常可按正常语序译出。

 What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.难得的是一辈子做好事而不做坏事。

 Whatever was said must be kept secret.这里说的每句话都应当保密。

 Who will monitor the class is not decided yet.谁当班长还没决定。

二、宾语从句(一)普通句型

以从属连词、连接代词或介词引起的宾语从句汉译时，词序一般不变。① I haven’t made up my mind as to what elective courses I’m to take next term.译文：我还没决定下学期上什么选修课。

② This shows that something unexpected may have turned up.译文：这表明可能出现了意外情况。(二)用it作形式宾语的句子。

① I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.译文：我让你自己判断，这件事该不该做。

② I made it clear to the students that they must hand in their assignments before 11 a.m.译文：我给学生讲明，他们必须在上午11点前交作业。(三)英语中有时为了修辞强调，把宾语从句置于主句前，汉译时，也可遵从修辞效果，顺序译出。例： ① Whether they like it or not, I don’t care.译文：他们喜不喜欢，我可不管。

②What they were asked to do in 10 days, they finished in two.译文：让他们十天做的事，他两天就做完了。

三、表语从句

 That’s what we should do.这是我们该做的。

 The question which worries everyone today is: how long will these fuels last? 译文：今天人人都担心的问题是：这些燃料能维持多久？  If I have seen farther than other man, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants.(Newton）

要说我比别人望得远了一点，那是因为我已经站在了巨人的肩膀上。

 That is why the “know-all” is ridiculous.万事通之所以可笑，原因就在于这个地方。

 That’s why she is so happy.如此高兴的原因就在这里。

 One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature and so on.译文：难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

四、同位语从句  There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job.毫无疑问他能胜任这项工作。

 They marvel at the fact that China did it all on its own.译文：他们对这个事实感到十分惊讶——所有一切都是中国凭自己的力量完成的。

 But the idea that the journalists must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 新闻记者应该比普通公民更懂法律，这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业已确定的规约与特殊责任的理解之上的。

汉语特殊句式翻译

一、连动式

谓语由两个或者两个以上的动词构成，在动词短语中没有停顿，也没有关联词语，两个动词短语共用一个主语(一)用分词与不定式等非谓语动词来翻译次要动词，如：

1．我们花很少的钱就能够买到一份日报。

译文：We spend very little money buying a piece of daily.2.市政府于去年底启动了一项“净空”工程，关闭了大气污染严重的企业。

译文：The municipal government started an air-decontamination project at the end of last year, closing the enterprises that cause heavy pollutions.(二)用英语的介词短语表达汉语中的动词概念，如：

我将乘飞机离开北京。

译文：I will leave Beijing by plane.(三)用英语“and”连接词来连接几个动作。

例：从社会总体、长远的利益出发，政府可以运用税收、转移支付等方式适当调节收入分配差距，扶助弱势群体，维护整个社会的与谐、稳定。

译文：From the society as a whole and long-term profit perspectives, the government can use tax or transfer payment to appropriately adjust the difference of income distribution so as to help the weak and maintain harmony and stability of the society.二、兼语式

“兼语式” 指其“谓语是由一个动宾结构与一个主谓短语套在一起构成的，谓语中前一个动宾结构兼作后一个主谓结构的主语”。(一)根据英语的SVOC（主语+谓语+宾语+补语）句型把汉语兼语式的第二个动词译作英语的宾语补足语（不定式、介词短语、形容词、介词、副词、分词或名词来充当）。例如： 例1：我等他来。

译文：I am waiting for him to come.例2：国际社会呼吁交战双方早日达成停火协议。

译文：The international community appealed to the warring sides for an earliest possible cease-fire agreement．(二)利用英语中表示“致使”、“促成”意义的动词，翻译汉语兼语式谓语。

例1：疼痛使他喊出了声。译文：The pain made him cry out.例2：这些项目具有技术起点高、经济效益好、市场潜力大、发展后劲足等特点，能够使投资者获得可观的效益。

译文：With a solid technical basis, sound economic efficiency, great market potential and bright prospective, these projects will secure good economic results for the investors．(三)兼语式的第一个动词为“表扬”、“称赞”、“埋怨”、“责怪”、“批评”等时，往往可将第二个动词译成英语中表示原因的状语从句或状语性短语。

原文：那位评论家指责该书作者有剽窃行为。

译文：The critic criticized the author of the book for plagiarism．(四)很多情况下，兼语式的英译需根据上下文与英语习惯灵活处理。

原文：我劝你还是投案自首，以求宽大处理。

译文：You’d better surrender yourself to the police in the hope of being accorded lenient treatment．

三、“是”字句 1.译为英语连系动词be 例1.改革是振兴中国的唯一出路。

译文：Reform is the only process through which China can be revitalized.例2.那年月，有钱人是天天过年。

译文：In those years, the rich people’s extravagance was such that everyday was a Spring Festival.例3.是党与政府的正确方针与政策，促进了广大农村的经济繁荣。

译文：It is the correct principles and policies of our Party and Government that have promoted the economic prosperity of China’s vast rural areas.2.省略“是”字

例1.武汉是长江中下游地区的特大城市，是湖北省的政治、经济、文化、科技中心。

译文：Wuhan, a metropolis situated in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, is the political, economic, cultural, scientific and technological center of Hubei Province.例2.中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，社会生产力水平总的还比较低。

译文：As the largest developing country in the world China has a relatively low level of productive forces on the whole.例3.工业企业效益差是当前许多矛盾的症结所在。

译文：All the contradictions existing in industrial enterprises today boil down to scanty economic returns.3.译为被动语态

例1.革命者是杀不完的。

译文：Revolutionaries can never be wiped out.例2.这双皮鞋是定做的。

译文：This pair of leather shoes are custom-made.例3.这种装置在机械表制造工业中是很需要的。译文：This kind of device is much needed in the mechanical watch-making industry.4.根据“是”的实际意义翻译

例1.创新是一个民族进步的灵魂。

译文：Innovation sustains the progress of a nation.例2.这是大势所趋，人心所向。

译文：This represents the general trend of development and the common aspiration of the people.四、“得”字句

1.用情态助动词翻译“得”字 例1.她的英语讲得好。译文：She can speak English well.例2.你干得了这件事吗？ 译文：Can you do it? 例3.他看得出两者的差别。

译文：He was able to see the difference between the two.2.用词法手段翻译“得”字 例1.这个人靠得住吗? 译文：Is the man reliable ? 例2.这个道理讲得通。译文：The reason is acceptable.3.用固定结构翻译“得”字

例1.地板霉烂得有许多地方不能再擦洗了。

译文：The floors were in so rotten a condition that many of them could not be scrubbed.例2.不要高兴得忘乎所以。

译文：Don’t be so happy as to forget everything.例3.天气闷热得大家喘不过气来。

译文：It was such a hot and stuffy weather that people were out of breath.例4.这些苹果酸得不能吃。译文：These apples are too sour to eat.4.省略“得”字

例1.他们俩人很合得来。

译文：Both of them got well along with each other.例2.学生们听课听得很入神。

译文：The students listened to the lecture attentively.例3.你来得正是时候。译文：You came in the nick of time.例4.游客们玩得很开心。

译文：The visitors had a wonderful time.例5.这件事情做得非常出色。译文：It’s exceedingly well done.五、“把”字句 1.译为被动句

例1.他所做的一切把我感动得流下了眼泪。

译文：I was moved to tears by what he had done.例2.把这些救灾物资送到洪灾区是当前的第一要务。

译文：It is currently the first and foremost thing that these disaster-relief supplies should be dispatched to the flood-stricken areas.例3.隆隆的大炮声把傀儡军吓坏了。

译文：The puppet soldiers were frightened to death by the rumbling of cannons.2.bring sb./sth.adv 句型

该句式表达的是“把某人/某事带到某个程度或地方”，比如： bring you here（把你带到这里来，带你来这），bring them up（把他们抚养长大）。3.get sb./sth.done 句型

该句式表达的是“把某人/某事怎么样”，比如： get things done（把事情做完），get it started（把某机器之类的东西开动起来，开始某个行为做某事），get sb.killed（把某人给杀了）get sb.accused（把某人给告了）。4.have sth.done 句型，比如： have the hair cut（把头发剪了）have the machine repaired（把机器修好）5.make sb./sth.done/adj 句型

“使动动词”引导的句型很多都是把字句（不局限于动词make，所有包含使动意味的动词均可）。比如，make me confused（把我搞糊涂了），make it clean/clear（把它弄干净/清楚）

cut it short（把它裁短一些，说话简短些，消减一些成本），drive me crazy/mad（把我逼疯）， knock me down（把我撞倒）， lock him up/away（把他锁起来，把他锁住带走）， shut the mouth up（把嘴给闭上）， shut it down（把电脑/工厂/店铺等关闭）， turn it up/down（把音量等调高/调低）。6.take sth.for 与 take sb.adv 句型

take sth.for 句式表达的是“把某事当作，把某事视为”（类似的，还有mistake sb./sth.for 句式），take sb.adv 句式表达的是“把某人怎么样”，比如： take it for granted = take it for（it is）granted 表示“把某个行为或做法当成是理所当然的，拿走某物时想当然地认为它已经获得对方的批准或同意”，take him down表示“把某人摆平，把某人干掉，让某人倒下，杀掉某人”。

六、“搞”字句 1.译为动词或动词短语

“搞”最常见的意义是“做”、“干”、“弄”、“从事”、“进行”等，因此可用do, get, make, work, practise, engage in, go in for等来翻译。例1.搞字对字的翻译常常是行不通的。

译文：It is often unacceptable to do a word-to-word translation.例2.这事没啥搞头。

译文：There’s no point in doing that.例3.他俩合起来搞我。

译文：The two of them joined in making things difficult for me.例4.中国现在实行对外开放、对内搞活的政策。

译文：China is now implementing the policy of opening to the outside world and invigorating the domestic economy.例4.我们想搞水果蔬菜生意。

译文：We are thinking of starting up in the fruit and vegetable trade.例6.他一心要把对手搞臭。

译文：He is bent on discrediting his opponent.2.译为其他词类

例1.你们在搞什么名堂? 译文：What are you up to ? 例2.我们的国家大，人口众多，经济落后，农业要搞上去，最重要的还是要调动农民的积极性，自力更生，艰苦奋斗。

译文：Agricultural advance in so vast a country, with such a large population and backward economy as in China, requires above all else mobilizing the initiative of peasants to work hard and self-reliantly.3.省略“搞”字

例1.我们确定搞两个开放：一个是对内开放，一个是对外开放。

译文：We have decided on an open policy in two respects: namely, to open up both externally and internally.例2.但我的事现在搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。译文：But there had been too much publicity about my case.例3.我们必须一心一意搞建设。

译文：We must concentrate on economic development.例4.这工作不好搞。译文：This is a difficult job.4.译为被动句

例：能不能尽快把科技搞上去，这是一个关系到社会主义全局，关系到我们国家命运与前途的大问题。